Inverter and light storage integrated machine

Abstract

The application discloses an inverter and a light storage integrated machine, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics. The inverter comprises a shell, a first power board, a second power board, a partition plate and a heat dissipation fin. The shell comprises a bottom shell and a cover plate, and the two cooperate to form a containing cavity. The first power board, the second power board and the partition plate are all located inside the containing cavity. The surface of the first power board provided with devices and the surface of the second power board provided with devices are both arranged away from the partition plate, and the second power board is closer to the cover plate relative to the first power board. The heat dissipation fin is located at least on the outer side of the wall of the bottom shell facing the cover plate. The first power board comprises a plurality of first devices, including a power switch device. The second power board comprises a plurality of second devices, including a filter inductor and a filter capacitor. The inverter is provided with the first power board and the second power board separated by the partition plate, and the heat dissipation fin is close to the power switch device, so that the heat is evenly distributed inside the containing cavity, and the inverter has strong heat dissipation capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to inverters and integrated photovoltaic-storage systems. Background Technology

[0002] Inverters are used to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) and are widely used in photovoltaic systems, integrated photovoltaic and energy storage systems, and other applications.

[0003] In related technologies, a power module includes a housing, a power board housed inside the housing, and heat dissipation fins disposed on one side of the outer wall of the housing. The power board includes a power circuit board, multiple power devices disposed on both sides of the power circuit board, and a portion of the power devices near the power circuit board with heat dissipation fins. However, this type of inverter suffers from poor heat dissipation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application discloses an inverter and an integrated photovoltaic and energy storage unit, which can solve the technical problem of poor heat dissipation in inverters in related technologies. Specifically, the technical solution is as follows: On one hand, an inverter is provided, comprising: a housing, a first power board, a second power board, a partition, and heat dissipation fins. The housing includes a bottom shell and a cover plate, the cover plate covering the opening of the bottom shell to form a receiving cavity. The first power board, the second power board, and the partition plate are all located inside the receiving cavity of the housing. The surfaces of the first power board with devices and the surfaces of the second power board with devices are arranged away from the partition plate, and the second power board is closer to the cover plate than the first power board. The heat dissipation fins are located at least on the outer side of the wall of the bottom shell facing the cover plate. The first power board includes a plurality of first devices, the plurality of first devices including power switching devices. The second power board includes a plurality of second devices, the plurality of second devices including filter inductors and filter capacitors.

[0005] The inverter provided in this application embodiment, on the one hand, divides the power module into a first power board and a second power board along the depth direction of the accommodating cavity. The two are isolated by a partition, thereby separating the centralized single heat source into two decentralized heat sources, which is conducive to the even distribution of heat inside the inverter and improves its heat dissipation capacity. On the other hand, according to the position of the first and second power boards and the heating characteristics of the devices, the device types on different power boards are set. The power switching devices with higher heat generation are placed on the first power board, making them closer to the heat dissipation fins. In this way, the heat generated by the power switching devices on the first power board can be quickly conducted to the heat dissipation fins on the outside through the bottom shell. The heat conduction path is short, the heat dissipation loss is low, and the heat dissipation efficiency is significantly improved. At the same time, the filter inductor and filter capacitor with lower heat generation than the power switching devices are placed on the second power board away from the heat dissipation fins, avoiding redundant occupation of the area where the heat dissipation fins are located by low-heat generation devices, which is more conducive to the even distribution of heat inside the inverter and improves the heat dissipation capacity of the inverter. On the other hand, by setting a partition between the first power board and the second power board, the partition can not only physically divide the accommodating cavity into two cavities to reduce the risk of thermal coupling of the entire inverter and achieve a balanced distribution of heat, but also form an electromagnetic shield between the first power board and the second power board, thereby improving the overall electromagnetic interference resistance capability of the unit.

[0006] In some possible implementations, the inverter further includes a fan fixed between the second power board and the cover plate.

[0007] By placing the fan between the second power board and the cover plate, the fan actively drives the airflow in the cavity in this area, creating turbulence and quickly removing the heat generated by the second device on the second power board, thereby solving the problem of heat accumulation in the front cavity and improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the inverter.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the first power board has a first through hole, the second power board has a second through hole, and the partition has a third through hole; the first through hole, the second through hole, and the third through hole are connected, and the orthographic projection of the three on the first power board at least partially coincides with the orthographic projection of the fan on the first power board.

[0009] In this design, the first, second, and third through holes all serve as airflow channels (i.e., ducts), and the fan's airflow area can be aligned with the airflow channels formed by each through hole. As can be seen, this embodiment of the application forms airflow channels penetrating the double-layer power board and the partition through the aforementioned through holes. The forced convection generated by the fan operation can flow from the front cavity into the rear cavity through these airflow channels, forming a through-flow within the housing cavity. This drives air circulation between the first and second power boards, allowing the heat generated by the first power board to be quickly dissipated through the heat dissipation fins, rapidly equalizing the internal temperature of the housing cavity and further enhancing the inverter's heat dissipation efficiency.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the angle between the central axis of the fan and the surface of the second power board is α, where 30° ≤ α < 90°.

[0011] By tilting the fan, part of the airflow from the fan passes obliquely through each through hole along its central axis, while another part of the airflow sweeps obliquely across the surface of the second power board, achieving a wide-area purging of the second devices distributed on the board, improving the convective heat transfer efficiency of the entire second power board, and avoiding heat dissipation blind spots in the edges and corners of the second power board.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the surface of the partition facing at least one of the first power board or the second power board has a boss, and a thermal pad is sandwiched between the boss and at least one of the first power board or the second power board; and / or, the partition has a liquid cooling channel.

[0013] For thermal pad solutions, the boss fits tightly against the corresponding power board via the thermal pad, facilitating the rapid transfer of heat generated by the power board to the partition. The partition's metal surface expands the heat dissipation area, providing auxiliary cooling and further improving the inverter's heat dissipation performance. The boss can be a single boss or composed of multiple protrusions; for example, a boss may include two protrusions. For liquid cooling channel solutions, the coolant circulates within the liquid cooling channel, quickly carrying away the heat transferred from the two power boards by the partition, further enhancing the inverter's heat dissipation and meeting the requirements of high-power, high-heat-generating inverter applications.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the surface of the cover plate facing the second power plate has a micro-tooth structure.

[0015] The micro-tooth structure can significantly increase the heat exchange surface area of ​​the cover plate, thereby enhancing the effect of air convection heat transfer and positively promoting the heat dissipation of the second power plate.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the first power board includes: a first circuit board, and a plurality of first devices disposed on a side surface of the first circuit board opposite to the partition; the plurality of first devices further includes: a DC switch, a power conversion inductor, and a power conversion capacitor.

[0017] The second power board includes: a second circuit board, and a plurality of second devices disposed on a side surface of the second circuit board facing the cover plate, the plurality of second devices further including: a relay.

[0018] At least some of the first devices can form a DC input circuit and a main inverter circuit that are electrically connected in sequence. The input circuit provides the main inverter circuit with a DC operating voltage to ensure its normal operation. The main inverter circuit realizes the inverter function by turning on and off semiconductor switching devices.

[0019] At least some of the secondary components constitute the output circuit (therefore, the secondary power board is also called the output board). The output circuit corrects, compensates, and conditions the waveform, frequency, voltage, and current of the AC output from the inverter circuit to meet usage requirements. Since the output circuit generates relatively less heat than the main inverter circuit, placing it on the secondary power board helps to balance the heat distribution within the inverter.

[0020] In some possible implementations, at least one of the power conversion inductors includes a first pin and a second pin; the first pin is electrically connected to the first circuit board; the second pin is longer than the first pin, and the second pin passes through the first circuit board and the partition and is electrically connected to the second circuit board.

[0021] In this scheme, the power conversion inductor has two pins of different lengths. The shorter first pin is a conductor with the first power board body, and the longer second pin extends across the partition to conduct electricity to the second power board. In this way, relying on the inductor's own metal pins as the cross-board conductive carrier, no additional wires, copper busbars, or connectors are needed to directly establish an electrical path between the first and second power boards.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the outer side of the wall of the bottom shell facing the cover plate has at least one cavity, the cavity being formed by the wall of the bottom shell recessed toward the cover plate, and part of the heat dissipation fins being located within the cavity.

[0023] The above-mentioned design, based on the inward concavity of the bottom shell wall to form a cavity, facilitates the convergence of the heat dissipation fins arranged in the cavity towards the heat-generating components inside the shallow cavity. This shortens the heat transfer path between the components and the heat dissipation fins, thus enhancing heat dissipation performance. Furthermore, the shallow cavity contains various components of varying heights. The cavity design allows for the matching of components of different heights without increasing the overall dimensions of the bottom shell or the overall size of the inverter.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the inverter further includes a communication board and a control board located inside the accommodating cavity of the housing, both of which are vertically fixed to the surface of the second power board with devices, and both of which are electrically connected to the second power board.

[0025] The above-mentioned arrangement of the communication board and control board has the advantages of short wiring, low signal loss, and strong anti-interference performance. Furthermore, by adopting the above-mentioned vertical stacking method, the space in the depth direction of the accommodating cavity can be fully utilized, eliminating the need to reserve additional horizontal installation area, which helps to reduce the overall size of the inverter and thus improve the overall space utilization and power density.

[0026] In some possible implementations, the communication board and the control board are located on opposite sides of the second power board along its length, and the inverter further includes a fan located between the communication board and the control board.

[0027] On one hand, the control board is responsible for strong signals such as power drive and voltage / current sampling, while the communication board is responsible for weak signals such as wireless communication and external data interaction. The two boards are distributed along the length of the second power board, which not only achieves physical separation of strong and weak electrical signals to meet insulation requirements but also suppresses electromagnetic crosstalk between strong and weak signals, ensuring communication stability. On the other hand, the communication board and control board are positioned on either side of the fan, allowing the turbulence provided by the fan to reach both boards simultaneously, preventing localized heat accumulation within the inverter cavity.

[0028] In some possible implementations, the inverter further includes a plurality of connection terminals that penetrate and are fixed to the side wall of the housing; the plurality of connection terminals include: a plurality of first power terminals and a plurality of communication terminals, wherein one end of a portion of the plurality of first power terminals located inside the housing is fixed and electrically connected to a first power board, another portion of the plurality of first power terminals located inside the housing is fixed and electrically connected to a second power board, and one end of the plurality of communication terminals located inside the housing is fixed and electrically connected to the second power board.

[0029] By directly connecting multiple primary power terminals and communication terminals to their respective power boards, cable-free terminal assembly is achieved, avoiding cable space occupation and wiring limitations. This not only further improves the space utilization of the inverter but also simplifies the terminal assembly process, thereby increasing the inverter's production efficiency. It is evident that cable-free terminal assembly further enhances the inverter's space utilization, enabling the inverter to combine the advantages of miniaturization and high power density.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the connection method of the plurality of first power terminals and the plurality of communication terminals to the first power board or the second power board is independently selected from at least one of welding or screw connection.

[0031] Welded connections have low impedance and stable signal transmission, while screw connections have a large contact area and strong fastening force. Both connection methods can ensure stable electrical conduction. At the same time, both can reduce the space occupied by internal wiring, increase the power density of the whole machine, and fit the miniaturization design of inverters.

[0032] In some possible implementations, the bottom shell includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall distributed along a second direction, and the plurality of first power terminals and the plurality of communication terminals are all fixed to the first sidewall; the second direction is the length direction of the bottom shell.

[0033] By arranging multiple first power terminals and multiple communication terminals on the same side wall, the terminal wires only need to be led out from one side of the housing, eliminating the need for wires to come out from both sides simultaneously. This makes the external wiring of the inverter more organized and facilitates installation and maintenance.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the plurality of first power terminals include PV terminals, AC grid-connected terminals, AC off-grid terminals, and V2H terminals; the plurality of communication terminals include FE network ports and COM terminals; the inverter also includes a switch knob that penetrates and is fixed to the side wall of the housing; the switch knob, the PV terminals, and the V2H terminals are all fixedly and electrically connected to the first power board; the FE network port, the COM terminals, the AC grid-connected terminals, and the AC off-grid terminals are all fixedly and electrically connected to the second power board. Each of the above-mentioned connection terminals is matched to its corresponding power board at the nearest point to facilitate cable-free installation of the connection terminals.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the switch knob, the PV terminal, and the V2H terminal are sequentially distributed along a third direction on the first sidewall; the FE network port, the COM terminal, the AC grid-connected terminal, and the AC off-grid terminal are sequentially distributed along a third direction on the first sidewall; wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the second direction. This arrangement facilitates the effective partitioning and orderly arrangement of high-voltage and low-voltage terminals along the width of the inverter, resulting in smoother wiring.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the bottom shell includes a third sidewall and a fourth sidewall distributed along the third direction, and the plurality of connection terminals further include a second power terminal electrically connected to the first power board. The second power terminal is located on the side of the third sidewall away from the cover plate, and the second power terminal is also used to connect to the battery pack, enabling bidirectional power transmission between the inverter and the battery pack.

[0037] In some possible implementations, the switch knob, the PV terminal, and the V2H terminal are distributed sequentially along the direction close to the third sidewall; the FE port, the COM terminal, the AC grid-connected terminal, and the AC off-grid terminal are distributed sequentially along the direction close to the third sidewall.

[0038] In inverter operation, the PV terminals, AC grid-connected terminals, AC off-grid terminals, and V2H terminals can be located at the bottom of the inverter, while the switch knob, FE network port, and COM terminals can be located at the top. This vertical separation of the first power terminal and communication terminals ensures smoother internal and external wiring, facilitating installation. Furthermore, this layout makes the operation logic of each terminal more user-friendly, enhancing the user experience.

[0039] In some possible implementations, the outer side of the first sidewall of the bottom shell has a first receiving groove, which is formed by the first sidewall being recessed towards the second sidewall; the AC grid-connected terminal, the AC off-grid terminal, the PV terminal, and the V2H terminal are all located inside the first receiving groove. Through this arrangement, the first power terminal is recessed relative to the communication terminal, which not only makes the separation between the first power terminal and the communication terminal clearer and more obvious, but also facilitates the protection of each first power terminal.

[0040] In some possible implementations, the inverter further includes an antenna rotatably connected to the side of the bottom housing facing the cover plate near the second side wall, and the antenna is also electrically connected to the second power board.

[0041] By placing the antenna in the area near the second power board on the bottom shell, the trace length from the antenna to the communication board is shortened, reducing signal loss. Furthermore, the antenna's proximity to the second sidewall, away from the aforementioned connection terminals, helps reduce electromagnetic interference and ensures stable wireless communication. In addition, the antenna's rotatable design allows it to be stowed within the cavity wall, preventing it from protruding from the housing during transport and storage, saving packaging and stacking space, and reducing the risk of damage from impacts.

[0042] In a second aspect, a photovoltaic-storage integrated machine is provided, the integrated photovoltaic-storage integrated machine comprising: a battery pack, and the inverter described in the first aspect, the inverter being stacked on the top wall of the battery pack, and the inverter being electrically connected to the battery pack.

[0043] The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage unit provided in this application embodiment has all the advantages of the inverters mentioned above, which will not be repeated here. For the integrated photovoltaic and energy storage unit, the inverter is directly stacked on top of the battery pack, which makes it faster to deploy in both residential and photovoltaic power station scenarios and occupies less space.

[0044] In some possible implementations, the inverter includes a second power terminal located on the side of the third sidewall of the inverter away from the cover plate; the inverter contacts the top wall of the battery pack via the third sidewall, and the second power terminal is plugged into a connector disposed on the top wall of the battery pack. This method achieves both mechanical and electrical connection between the inverter and the battery pack. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary photovoltaic system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another exemplary photovoltaic system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary integrated photovoltaic and energy storage system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 A simplified schematic diagram of an exemplary inverter provided in this application embodiment; Figure 5 A simplified schematic diagram of another exemplary inverter provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6 A simplified schematic diagram of the structure of another exemplary inverter provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the assembly relationship between an exemplary first power board and a second power board provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A combination diagram of an exemplary inverter in the application orientation provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 for Figure 8 The diagram shows an exemplary structure of the inverter when the viewing angle changes. Figure 10 for Figure 9 AA section view; Figure 11 for Figure 8 Another exemplary structural diagram of the inverter shown when the cover plate is removed and the viewing angle is changed; Figure 12 for Figure 11 The inverter shown is a BB cross-sectional view after the cover plate has been removed; Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary partition provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 for Figure 8 Another exemplary structural diagram of the inverter shown when the viewing angle is changed; Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating the assembly relationship between terminals and a second power board in an exemplary inverter provided in this application embodiment; Figure 16 A schematic diagram of an exemplary inverter in the antenna-retracted state provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 A schematic diagram of an exemplary inverter in the antenna-released state provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly relationship between an exemplary FE network port and a housing, provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0046] The reference numerals in the attached figures represent: 100. Inverter; 200. Photovoltaic module; 300. Energy storage device (battery pack); 400. Power grid; 500. Load; 1. Shell; 11. Bottom shell; 110. Cavity; 12. Cover plate; 120. Micro-tooth structure; 10. Receptacle cavity; 101. First sidewall; 1010. First receiving groove; 102. Second sidewall; 103. Third sidewall; 104. Fourth sidewall; 105. Second receiving groove; 106. Annular skirt; 2. Power module; 21. First power board; 210. First through hole; 211. First circuit board; 212. First device; 2120, Power conversion inductor; 2121, First pin; 2122, Second pin; 22. Second power board; 220. Second through hole; 221. Second circuit board; 222. Second device; 3. Control module; 31. Communication board; 32. Control board; 4. Connecting terminals; 41. First power terminal; 411. PV terminal; 412. AC grid-connected terminal; 413. AC off-grid terminal; 414. V2H terminal; 42. Communication terminal; 421. COM terminal; 422. FE network port; 43. Switch knob; 44. Second power terminal; 45. Antenna; 401. Terminal block; 402. Terminal cover; 403. Annular step; 5. Partition; 50. Third through hole; 51. Boss; 52. Thermal pad; 6. Heat dissipation fins; 7. Fan; 8. Sealing ring.

[0047] It should be noted that the reference numeral "n / m" in the above figures refers to the fact that part n is subordinate to part m. Taking 11 / 1 as an example, this means that the bottom shell 11 is subordinate to the shell 1. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Photovoltaic systems rely on the photovoltaic effect of photovoltaic modules to directly convert sunlight into electrical energy. Combined with energy storage devices and inverters, they can provide power for self-consumption, grid-connected, and off-grid applications, making them suitable for residential settings. In this process, the inverter plays a crucial role in converting the direct current (DC) from the photovoltaic modules into alternating current (AC).

[0049] Figure 1 An example of the composition of a photovoltaic system is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic system includes an inverter 100, a photovoltaic module 200, and an energy storage device 300. The inverter 100 connects the photovoltaic module 200 and the energy storage device 300. In application, the inverter 100 converts the direct current (DC) from the photovoltaic module 200 into alternating current (AC) and supplies the AC to the energy storage device 300 to charge it. Simultaneously, the inverter 100 can also convert the DC from the energy storage device 300 into AC to discharge it, and can supply the AC to the power grid 400 or the load 500.

[0050] Figure 2 Another photovoltaic system composition is illustrated in the attached figure. Figure 2As shown, the photovoltaic system includes an inverter 100, photovoltaic modules 200, an energy storage device 300, a power grid 400, and a load 500. On one hand, the inverter 100 connects the photovoltaic modules 200 and the energy storage device 300. On the other hand, the inverter 100 connects the photovoltaic modules 200 (energy storage device 300) to the power grid 400. Furthermore, the inverter 100 also connects the photovoltaic modules 200 (energy storage device 300) to the load 500. The direct current (DC) power from the photovoltaic modules 200 is converted to alternating current (AC) power by the inverter 100. This AC power can be directly stored in the energy storage device 300 or directly input to the power grid 400 or the load 500. In addition, the inverter 100 can also convert DC power from the energy storage device 300 into AC power and supply it to the power grid 400 or the load 500.

[0051] Inverter 100 and energy storage device 300 can be arranged independently (e.g. Figure 1 or Figure 2 (as shown), or, the inverter 100 and the energy storage device 300 can also be integrated (as shown). Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this forms a photovoltaic-storage integrated unit, which includes single-phase integrated units, three-phase integrated units, and other types. It integrates photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and backup power for critical loads into one unit. It has advantages such as high integration, flexible deployment, convenient installation and operation and maintenance, and strong adaptability to multiple scenarios. Its application scenarios include, but are not limited to: residential scenarios, industrial green electricity scenarios, and smart photovoltaic power station scenarios.

[0052] As can be seen from the above, the inverter 100 also serves as an intermediate connection device in the photovoltaic system. The inverter 100 connects to the photovoltaic module 200, energy storage device 300, grid 400 and load 500 through various connection terminals provided on it.

[0053] In related technologies, a power module includes a housing, a power board housed inside the housing, and heat dissipation fins disposed on one side of the outer wall of the housing. The power board includes a power circuit board, multiple power devices disposed on both sides of the power circuit board, and a portion of the power devices near the power circuit board with heat dissipation fins. However, this type of inverter has poor heat dissipation capabilities.

[0054] This application provides an inverter 100 with strong heat dissipation capabilities, which can solve the technical problems existing in related technologies.

[0055] Appendix Figure 4 A simplified structural diagram of an inverter provided in an embodiment of this application is illustrated in the attached diagram. Figure 4 As shown, the inverter includes: housing 1, power module 2, partition 5 and heat dissipation fins 6.

[0056] The housing 1 includes a bottom shell 11 and a cover plate 12, which covers the opening of the bottom shell 11 to form a receiving cavity 10. The bottom shell 11 is a cavity structure with an opening. In some examples, the receiving cavity 10 is formed inside the bottom shell 11, and the cover plate 12 is used to seal the opening of the receiving cavity 10. For example, the cover plate 12 can be detachably connected to the bottom shell 11 by fasteners such as screws or clips to facilitate the disassembly and maintenance of the inverter 100.

[0057] In this embodiment, the arrangement direction of the bottom shell 11 and the cover plate 12 is defined as the first direction (i.e., the Z-axis direction). The first direction can also be considered as the thickness direction of the shell 1 and the depth direction of the accommodating cavity 10. See also Figure 8 The example illustrates the orientation of inverter 100 in practical applications, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 8 As shown, during application, the cover plate 12 faces the user and the bottom shell 11 faces the installation scenario, such as a wall. Therefore, in this embodiment, the side where the cover plate 12 is located can be referred to as the front side of the inverter 100, and conversely, the side where the bottom shell 11 is located can be referred to as the rear side of the inverter 100.

[0058] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the power module 2 and the partition 5 are both located inside the accommodating cavity 10 of the housing 1. The power module 2 includes a first power board 21 and a second power board 22. The surfaces of the first power board 21 and the second power board 22 that have devices are arranged away from the partition 5. The second power board 22 is closer to the cover plate 12 than the first power board 21 (the first power board 21 is inverted and the second power board 22 is upright).

[0059] As can be seen from the above, the first power board 21, the partition 5, and the second power board 22 are arranged side by side along the first direction, with the second power board 22 located between the partition 5 and the cover plate 12. Figure 4 The example also shows that the surfaces of the first power board 21, the partition 5, and the second power board 22 are parallel.

[0060] Based on the above structure of the housing 1, the partition 5 divides the accommodating cavity 10 into a front cavity and a rear cavity along the depth direction. The second power board 22 is located in the front cavity, and the first power board 21 is located in the rear cavity. The device surfaces of the two are arranged opposite to each other.

[0061] It should be noted that both the first power board 21 and the second power board 22 are printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs). A PCBA refers to a printed circuit board (PCB) that carries electronic components. It includes a circuit board and electronic components mounted on the surface of the circuit board. The electronic components are electrically connected to the conductive patterns and / or metal traces provided on the printed circuit board itself. Typically, the surface of the PCB board where the electronic components are located is called the T-side, and the opposite surface is called the B-side.

[0062] In this embodiment, the B-sides of the first power board 21 and the second power board 22 face the two side surfaces of the partition 5, respectively, while the T-sides of both the first power board 21 and the second power board 22 face away from the partition 5. The first power board 21 can be considered as inverted, and the second power board 22 can be considered as upright. This layout is beneficial for saving space and for reducing the size of the inverter 100 and increasing the power density of the inverter 100.

[0063] The heat dissipation fins 6 are located at least on the outer side of the wall of the bottom shell 11 facing the cover plate 12 (i.e., on the rear outer wall of the bottom shell 11). Since the first power plate 21 is located on the rear side of the bottom shell 11, the first power plate 21, especially the surface where its device is located, is closer to the heat dissipation fins 6, while the second power plate 22 is relatively far away from the heat dissipation fins 6.

[0064] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the first power board 21 includes multiple first devices 212, each of which includes a power switching device. The second power board 22 includes multiple second devices 222, each of which includes a filter inductor and a filter capacitor. The heat generated by the power switching device is typically greater than that generated by the filter inductor and filter capacitor. In this embodiment, the power switching device, which generates more heat, is placed closer to the heat sink 6, while the filter inductor and filter capacitor, which generate less heat, are placed further away from the heat sink 6.

[0065] The inverter 100 provided in this embodiment of the application, on the one hand, divides the power module 2 into a first power board 21 and a second power board 22 along the depth direction of the accommodating cavity 10. The two are isolated by a partition 5, thereby separating the centralized single heat source into two decentralized heat sources, which is conducive to the even distribution of heat inside the inverter 100 and improves its heat dissipation capacity. On the other hand, according to the position of the first power board 21 and the second power board 22 and the heat dissipation characteristics of the devices, the device types on different power boards are set. The power switching devices with higher heat generation are set on the first power board 21, making them closer to the heat dissipation fins 6. In this way, the heat generated by the power switching devices on the first power board 21 can be quickly conducted to the outer heat dissipation fins 6 through the bottom shell 11. The heat conduction path is short, the heat dissipation loss is low, and the heat dissipation efficiency is significantly improved. At the same time, the filter inductor and filter capacitor with lower heat generation than the power switching devices are set on the second power board 22, which is far away from the heat dissipation fins 6. This avoids the redundant occupation of the area where the heat dissipation fins 6 are located by the low heat generation devices, which is further conducive to the even distribution of heat inside the inverter 100 and improves the heat dissipation capacity of the inverter 100. On the other hand, by setting a partition 5 between the first power board 21 and the second power board 22, the partition 5 can not only physically divide the accommodating cavity 10 into two cavities, thereby reducing the risk of thermal coupling of the entire inverter and achieving a balanced heat distribution, but also form an electromagnetic shield between the first power board 21 and the second power board 22, thereby improving the overall electromagnetic interference (EMI) resistance capability.

[0066] The partition 5 can be made of electromagnetic shielding material, such as metal plate or copper-clad plate, to achieve good electromagnetic shielding effect.

[0067] Considering that the heat dissipation fins 6 of the second power board 22 are far from the outer side of the bottom shell 11, under long-term operating conditions, relying solely on natural convection within the cavity, the heat continuously generated by the filter inductor and filter capacitor on it tends to accumulate in the front cavity. To solve this technical problem, as shown in the attached... Figure 5 As shown, the inverter provided in this embodiment of the application also includes a fan 7, which is fixed between the second power board 22 and the cover plate 12.

[0068] By placing the fan 7 between the second power board 22 and the cover plate 12, the fan 7 actively drives the airflow in the cavity in this area, forming turbulence, which quickly removes the heat generated by the second device 222 on the second power board 22, thereby solving the problem of heat accumulation in the front cavity and improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the inverter 100.

[0069] Furthermore, as shown in the appendix Figure 5As shown, the first power board 21 has a first through hole 210, the second power board 22 has a second through hole 220, and the partition 5 has a third through hole 50. The first through hole 210, the second through hole 220, and the third through hole 50 are connected, and the orthographic projections of the first through hole 210, the second through hole 220, and the third through hole 50 on the first power board 21 at least partially coincide with the orthographic projection of the fan 7 on the first power board 21. It should be noted that each through hole on the power board is located on the circuit board on which the device is mounted.

[0070] In this scheme, the first through hole 210, the second through hole 220, and the third through hole 50 all serve as airflow channels (i.e., air ducts), and the air delivery area of ​​the fan 7 can be aligned with the airflow channels formed by each through hole. It can be seen that in this embodiment, the aforementioned through holes form airflow channels that penetrate the double-layer power board and the partition. The forced convection generated by the operation of the fan 7 can be channeled from the front cavity into the rear cavity through the aforementioned airflow channels, forming a through-flow within the accommodating cavity 10. This drives airflow between the first power board 21 and the second power board 22, allowing the heat generated by the first power board 21 to be quickly dissipated through the heat dissipation fins 6, rapidly balancing the internal temperature of the accommodating cavity 10, and further enhancing the heat dissipation efficiency of the inverter 100.

[0071] In some examples, such as the attached Figure 11 and attached Figure 12 As shown, the angle between the central axis of the fan 7 and the surface of the second power board 22 is α, 30°≤a<90°. For example, this can be further 60°≤a<90°. This can be any value such as 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, or any interval formed by any two of the above values, thereby making the fan 7 tilted.

[0072] By tilting the fan 7, a portion of the airflow from the fan 7 passes obliquely through each through hole along its central axis, while another portion of the airflow sweeps obliquely across the surface of the second power board 22, achieving a wide-range purging of the second devices 222 distributed on the board, improving the convective heat transfer efficiency of the entire second power board 22, and avoiding heat dissipation blind spots in the edges and corners of the second power board.

[0073] The tilting position of the fan 7 can be determined according to actual needs. In some examples, in order to make the blowing surface of the fan 7 cover the area distributed along the length of the second power plate 22 as much as possible, the fan 7 can be tilted relative to the width direction of the second power plate 22. That is, one end of the fan 7 distributed along the width direction of the second power plate 22 is closer to the cover plate 12, and the other end is farther away from the cover plate 12.

[0074] For example, as shown in the appendix Figure 11 -Appendix Figure 12As shown, the bottom shell 11 includes a first sidewall 101 and a second sidewall 102 distributed along a second direction (i.e., the X-axis direction), which can be considered as the length direction of the inverter 100. At least a portion of the plurality of communication terminals 42 and the plurality of first power terminals 41 can be fixed to the first sidewall 101.

[0075] Additionally, the bottom shell 11 also includes a third sidewall 103 and a fourth sidewall 104 distributed along a third direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction). It can be assumed that the third direction is the width direction of the inverter 100. The multiple connection terminals 4 also include a second power terminal 44 electrically connected to the first power board 21. The second power terminal 44 can be located on the side of the third sidewall 103 away from the cover plate 12. The second power terminal 44 can serve as a battery terminal for connecting a battery pack, thereby realizing bidirectional power transmission between the inverter 100 and the battery pack.

[0076] Based on the above-described layout of the bottom shell 11, the end of the fan 7 facing the third sidewall 103 can be positioned closer to or further away from the cover plate 12 than the end of the fan 7 facing the fourth sidewall 104. For example... Figure 12 As an example, the end of fan 7 facing the third sidewall 103 is closer to the cover plate 12 than the end of fan 7 facing the fourth sidewall 104. Correspondingly, the end of fan 7 facing the first sidewall 101 is symmetrically arranged with the end of fan 7 facing the second sidewall 102.

[0077] To accommodate the aforementioned layout of fan 7, the second through hole 220 on the second power board 22 can be a large hole, an array of multiple small holes, or a honeycomb hole. For quick routing of the second power board 22, see [reference needed]. Figure 12 The second through hole 220 on the second power board 22, which is closer to the fan 7, can be designed as a large hole, for example, with fewer than five large holes.

[0078] For partition 5, the third through hole 50 can be a large hole, an array of multiple small holes, or a honeycomb hole. To avoid damaging the basic performance of partition 5, such as electromagnetic shielding and physical isolation, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The third through hole 50 can be in the form of an array of holes or a honeycomb hole.

[0079] To further enhance the heat dissipation of the inverter 100, the partition 5 may also meet at least one of the following conditions: Condition a, see Figure 6The partition 5 has a protrusion 51 on the surface facing at least one of the first power plate 21 or the second power plate 22, and a thermally conductive pad 52 is sandwiched between the protrusion 51 and at least one of the first power plate 21 or the second power plate 22. For example, since the first device 212 carried on the first power plate 21 generates a large amount of heat, the surface of the partition 5 facing the first power plate 21 can have a protrusion 51, and a thermally conductive pad 52 can be sandwiched between the protrusion 51 and the first power plate 21.

[0080] For condition a, the boss 51 is tightly attached to the corresponding power board via the thermal pad 52, which facilitates the rapid conduction of heat generated by the power board to the partition 5. The metal surface of the partition 5 expands the heat dissipation area, achieving auxiliary heat dissipation and further improving the heat dissipation effect of the inverter 100. The boss 51 can be a single boss or composed of multiple protrusions, for example... Figure 13 The example shows that boss 51 includes two ribs.

[0081] Condition b: The partition 5 has a liquid cooling channel (not shown in the figure). In this way, the coolant circulates in the liquid cooling channel, quickly removing the heat conducted from the two power boards by the partition 5, further improving the heat dissipation effect of the inverter 100 and meeting the usage requirements of the inverter 100 in high power and high heat generation scenarios.

[0082] For example, partition 5 satisfies both conditions a and b above.

[0083] To further enhance the heat dissipation capability of the inverter 100, in some examples, such as the attached... Figure 5 As shown, the surface of the cover plate 12 facing the second power plate 22 has a micro-tooth structure 120.

[0084] The micro-tooth structure 120 can significantly increase the heat exchange surface area of ​​the cover plate 12, thereby enhancing the effect of air convection heat transfer and positively promoting the heat dissipation of the second power plate 22.

[0085] In this embodiment, the dimension of the micro-tooth structure 120 in the first direction can be designed to be relatively small to avoid interference with the arrangement of devices on the second power board 22, and can be determined according to actual needs. Furthermore, the shape of the micro-tooth structure 120 can be designed as at least one of the following: straight parallel rectangular micro-tooths, triangular sawtooths, wavy arc-shaped micro-tooths, interlaced grid micro-tooths, etc.

[0086] See further Figure 7As an example, the first power board 21 includes: a first circuit board 211, and a plurality of first devices 212 disposed on a side surface of the first circuit board 211 opposite to the partition 5. The first circuit board 211 itself is provided with conductive patterns and / or metal traces, and the plurality of first devices 212 are electrically connected to the conductive patterns and / or metal traces on the first circuit board 211.

[0087] In some examples, at least a portion of the first devices 212 can form a DC input circuit and a main inverter circuit that are electrically connected in sequence. The input circuit provides the main inverter circuit with a DC operating voltage to ensure its normal operation. The main inverter circuit realizes the inverter function by turning on and off semiconductor switching devices.

[0088] For example, for a DC input circuit, the multiple first devices 212 included therein include, but are not limited to: input filtering devices (e.g., electrolytic capacitors, film capacitors, MLCC filter capacitors, differential mode capacitors, common mode inductors, etc.), DC bus, protection devices (fuse / circuit breakers, TVS surge protectors / lightning arresters, reverse protection diodes, etc.).

[0089] For example, the main inverter circuit includes, but is not limited to, the multiple first devices 212, such as: power switching devices (e.g., IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), SiC devices, GaN devices, etc.), inverter topology circuits (e.g., full-bridge inverter circuits, half-bridge inverter circuits, etc.), power conversion inductors (e.g., BST inductors, INV inductors, etc.), and power conversion capacitors (e.g., bus thin film capacitors).

[0090] As can be seen, the multiple first devices 212 may include not only power switching devices, but also power conversion inductors and power conversion capacitors, in order to successfully construct the DC input circuit and the main inverter circuit.

[0091] Furthermore, the multiple first devices 212 also include: a DC switch, which is electrically connected to the DC input circuit. The DC switch is equipped with a switch knob 43, which is located on the side wall of the housing 1, for example, on the first side wall 101 of the housing 1. The switching on and off of the DC switch is controlled by operating the switch knob 43.

[0092] See also Figure 7 The example illustrates a second power board 22 comprising: a second circuit board 221, and a plurality of second devices 222 disposed on a side surface of the second circuit board 221 facing the cover plate 12, the second circuit board 221 itself being provided with conductive patterns and / or metal traces, and the plurality of second devices 222 being electrically connected to the conductive patterns and / or metal traces on the second circuit board 221.

[0093] In some examples, at least some of the second devices 222 constitute an output circuit (therefore, the second power board 22 is also called an output board). The output circuit corrects, compensates, and conditions the waveform, frequency, voltage, and current of the AC output from the inverter circuit to meet usage requirements. Since the output circuit has relatively low heat generation compared to the main inverter circuit, placing it on the second power board 22 helps to balance the heat distribution within the inverter 100.

[0094] For example, the output circuit may include, but is not limited to, multiple first devices 212, such as: filtering devices (e.g., filter inductors, filter capacitors, etc.), grid-connected / output switching devices (AC contactors, bidirectional thyristors, AC circuit breakers, etc.), output protection devices (e.g., output fuses, circuit breakers, grid-connected relays, off-grid relays, surge protector varistors, etc.), and voltage / current sampling devices (e.g., current transformers, voltage transformers, sampling resistors, etc.). It is evident that the multiple second devices 222 may include not only filter inductors and filter capacitors, but also relays and other devices mentioned above.

[0095] In this embodiment, the first power board 21 and the second power board 22 are electrically connected to form a complete power module 2, thereby cooperating to complete the power conversion work such as boosting, inverting, and energy storage charging and discharging of the whole machine. The connection between the first power board 21 and the second power board 22 can be achieved through cables, copper busbars, adapters, or other conductive structural components.

[0096] However, in order to simplify the wiring between the first power board 21 and the second power board 22, this embodiment of the application directly connects the first device 212 disposed on the first power board 21 to the second power board 22. This can be achieved in the following way: As attached Figure 7 As shown, at least one power conversion inductor 2120 exists on the first power board 21, including a first pin 2121 and a second pin 2122; the first pin 2121 is electrically connected to the first circuit board 211; the length of the second pin 2122 is greater than that of the first pin 2121, and the second pin 2122 passes through the first circuit board 211 and the partition 5 and is electrically connected to the second circuit board 221 of the second power board 22.

[0097] In this scheme, the power conversion inductor 2120 has two pins of different lengths. The shorter first pin 2121 is a conductor with the body of the first power board 21, and the longer second pin 2122 extends across the partition to conduct electricity to the second power board 22. In this way, relying on the metal pins of the inductor itself as the cross-board conductive carrier, no additional wires, copper busbars, or connectors are needed to directly establish an electrical path between the first power board 21 and the second power board 22.

[0098] As can be seen, the aforementioned power conversion inductor 2120 not only performs the power conversion function, but also uses the extended metal pins to serve as a conductive connector across the partition, integrating the power device with the inter-board conductive structure into one unit, eliminating the need for independent connecting conductive components, which helps to effectively simplify the inter-board interconnection structure.

[0099] For any of the inverters 100 mentioned above, in some examples, as shown in the attached... Figure 10 As shown, the outer side of the wall of the bottom shell 11 facing the cover plate 12 has at least one cavity 110. The cavity 110 is formed by the wall of the bottom shell 11 being recessed towards the cover plate 12, and part of the heat dissipation fins 6 are located within the cavity 110.

[0100] The above solution utilizes a concave cavity design formed by the inward indentation of the bottom shell 11 wall. This design facilitates the convexity of the heat dissipation fins 6 within the cavity towards the heat-generating components inside the housing 10, shortening the heat transfer path between the components in the housing 10 and the heat dissipation fins 6, thus enhancing heat dissipation performance. Furthermore, the housing 10 contains various components of varying heights. The concave cavity design allows for the matching of components of different heights without increasing the overall dimensions of the bottom shell 11 or the overall size of the inverter.

[0101] In some examples, the inverter 100 provided in this application embodiment further includes a control module 3 located inside the accommodating cavity 10 of the housing 1. The control module 3 includes a communication board 31 and a control board 32. Both the communication board 31 and the control board 32 are vertically fixed to the surface of the second power board 22 with devices, and both the communication board 31 and the control board 32 are electrically connected to the second power board 22.

[0102] It should be noted that the communication board 31 includes a third circuit board and multiple third devices mounted on the surface of the third circuit board. The third circuit board itself has conductive patterns and / or metal traces, and the multiple third devices are electrically connected to the conductive patterns and / or metal traces on the third circuit board, so that the communication board 31 at least performs communication and monitoring functions. In some examples, the multiple third devices include, but are not limited to: wireless communication modules, Ethernet chips, transceivers, memory, temperature sensors, current / voltage sensors, etc.

[0103] The control board 32 includes a fourth circuit board and multiple fourth devices mounted on the surface of the fourth circuit board. The fourth circuit board itself has conductive patterns and / or metal traces, and the multiple fourth devices are electrically connected to the conductive patterns and / or metal traces on the fourth circuit board. In some examples, the multiple fourth devices include, but are not limited to, microprocessors, signal processing circuits, drive circuits, etc. By monitoring the input and output current, voltage, and other parameters of the inverter 100 in real time, functions such as sine wave output, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation can be realized, thereby achieving power control and algorithm control of the inverter 100.

[0104] Since both the communication board 31 and the control board 32 are electrically connected to the second power board 22, and the second power board 22 is also electrically connected to the first power board 21, the control board 32 is electrically connected to the first power board 21 through the second power board 22. In other words, the control board 32 is electrically connected to the first power board 21, the second power board 22, and the communication board 31 respectively.

[0105] Furthermore, both the communication board 31 and the control board 32 are vertically fixed to the surface of the second power board 22 containing the devices. For example, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 14 As shown, the surfaces of the communication board 31 and the control board 32 are parallel to the first sidewall 101 and the second sidewall 102 of the housing 1, which are distributed along the second direction.

[0106] The above-mentioned arrangement of the communication board 31 and the control board 32 has the advantages of short wiring, low signal loss, and strong anti-interference performance. Furthermore, by adopting the above-mentioned vertical stacking method, the space in the depth direction of the accommodating cavity 10 can be fully utilized without the need to reserve an additional horizontal installation area, which is conducive to reducing the overall size of the inverter 100 and thus improving the overall space utilization and power density.

[0107] Furthermore, as shown in the appendix Figure 5 As shown, the communication board 31 and the control board 32 are located on both sides of the second power board 22 along the length direction (i.e., on both sides along the second direction). The inverter also includes a fan 7, which is located between the communication board 31 and the control board 32.

[0108] On the one hand, the control board 32 is responsible for strong signals such as power drive and voltage and current sampling, while the communication board 31 is responsible for weak signals such as wireless communication and external data interaction. Both are distributed along the length of the second power board 22, which not only achieves physical separation of strong and weak electrical signals to meet insulation requirements but also suppresses electromagnetic crosstalk between strong and weak signals, ensuring communication stability. On the other hand, the communication board 31 and the control board 32 are positioned on both sides of the fan 7, which allows the turbulence provided by the fan 7 to reach both the communication board 31 and the control board 32 simultaneously, preventing localized heat accumulation within the inverter 100 cavity.

[0109] In some examples, the control module 3 may also include a monitoring board (not shown in the figure). The monitoring board may also be electrically connected to the second power board 22 and electrically connected to the control board 32. The monitoring board is equipped with sensor devices, such as voltage detection sensors, current detection sensors, temperature detection sensors, etc., to monitor abnormal operating conditions of the inverter 100, such as overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, and overheating. When an abnormal operating condition occurs in the inverter 100, the monitoring board can promptly feed back to the control board 32, and the control board 32 can shut down the inverter 100.

[0110] The above provides an exemplary description of the composition of the power module 2 and the control module 3 in the inverter 100. Since the first power board 21, the second power board 22, the communication board 31, etc., all interact with the outside world through the connection terminals 4, the inverter 100 in this embodiment also includes multiple connection terminals 4. The multiple connection terminals 4 include multiple first power terminals 41 and multiple communication terminals 42. The layout of the first power terminals 41 and the communication terminals 42 on the housing 1 will be described below in conjunction with the structure of the housing 1.

[0111] As attached Figure 5 As shown, multiple connection terminals 4 penetrate and are fixed to the side wall of the housing 1. The multiple connection terminals 4 include multiple first power terminals 41 and multiple communication terminals 42. For example, the first power terminals 41 are used to connect the photovoltaic module 200, the energy storage device 300, the power grid 400, etc., to realize the transmission of electrical energy. The communication terminals 42 are used to connect the communication bus, the host computer, etc., to realize the transmission of monitoring signals, control commands and data.

[0112] A portion of the first power terminals 41 have one end fixed inside the housing 1 and electrically connected to the first power board 21. Another portion of the first power terminals 41 have one end fixed inside the housing 1 and electrically connected to the second power board 22. A portion of the communication terminals 42 have one end fixed inside the housing 1 and electrically connected to the second power board 22. As mentioned above, the second power board 22 is also electrically connected to the communication board 31. Therefore, the multiple communication terminals 42 are electrically connected to the communication board 31 through the second power board 22.

[0113] This embodiment of the application achieves cable-free assembly of terminals by directly connecting multiple first power terminals 41 and communication terminals 42 to corresponding power boards, avoiding cable space occupation and wiring restrictions. This not only further improves the space utilization of the inverter but also simplifies the terminal assembly process and improves the production efficiency of the inverter 100. Therefore, cable-free assembly of the connecting terminals 4 further improves the space utilization of the inverter 100, enabling the inverter 100 to combine the advantages of miniaturization and high power density.

[0114] In this embodiment, the connection methods of the plurality of first power terminals 41 and the plurality of communication terminals 42 to the first power board 21 or the second power board 22 are each independently selected from at least one of welding or screw connection.

[0115] Welded connections have low impedance and stable signal transmission, while screw connections have a large contact area and strong fastening force. Both connection methods can ensure stable electrical conduction. At the same time, both can reduce the space occupied by internal wiring, increase the power density of the whole machine, and fit the miniaturization design of inverters.

[0116] As attached Figure 9 -Appendix Figure 12 As shown, the bottom shell 11 includes a first sidewall 101 and a second sidewall 102 distributed along a second direction, which can be considered as the length direction of the bottom shell 11. The bottom shell 11 also includes a third sidewall 103 and a fourth sidewall 104 distributed along a third direction, which is perpendicular to both the first and second directions, and can be considered as the width direction of the bottom shell 11.

[0117] Multiple first power terminals 41 and multiple communication terminals 42 can be fixed to the first side wall 101. By arranging multiple first power terminals 41 and multiple communication terminals 42 on the same side wall, the terminal wires are led out from only one side of the housing 1, without the need for wires to come out from both sides at the same time. This makes the external wiring of the inverter 100 more organized, and the installation and maintenance more convenient.

[0118] In some examples, such as the attached Figure 14 As shown, the plurality of first power terminals 41 include a PV terminal 411, an AC grid-connected terminal 412, an AC off-grid terminal 413, and a V2H terminal 414. The inverter provided in this embodiment also includes a switch knob 43 that penetrates and is fixed to the side wall of the housing 1. The switch knob 43, the PV terminal 411, and the V2H terminal 414 are all fixed and electrically connected to the first power board 21. That is, in the Z-axis direction, the switch knob 43, the PV terminal 411, and the V2H terminal 414 are disposed closer to the rear side of the housing 1.

[0119] PV terminal 411, or Photovoltaic (PV) terminal, is used to connect to the photovoltaic module 200, receive the DC power from the photovoltaic module 200, and send it to the inverter to be converted into AC power. PV terminal 411 includes a PV+ (positive) terminal and a PV... (Negative) terminal, PV+ terminal and PV The terminal, also known as a PV string, is used to connect to the positive terminal of the photovoltaic module 200. The terminals are used to connect to the negative terminal of the photovoltaic module 200. The first power board 21 has a DC switch, which is electrically connected to the PV terminal 411 and the DC input circuit.

[0120] The switch knob 43 is located on the side wall of the housing 1, for example, on the first side wall 101. By operating the switch knob 43, the DC switch is turned on and off, thereby controlling the connection and disconnection between the PV terminal 411 and the DC input circuit.

[0121] V2H terminal 414, also known as Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) terminal, serves as a bidirectional power transmission electrical interface. It allows electrical energy to flow from the vehicle's battery to the home grid 400 (discharging mode) and vice versa. Therefore, V2H terminal 414 is used to connect to the bidirectional charging and discharging interface of the vehicle. In this embodiment, V2H terminal 414 can be a DC type V2H terminal; however, it could also be an AC type V2H terminal.

[0122] For the V2H terminal 414, the multiple first devices 212 on the first power board 21 also include a bidirectional power conversion circuit, an AC relay, an islanding controller, etc. The V2H terminal 414 can be electrically connected to the AC relay and the islanding controller respectively.

[0123] In this embodiment, the multiple communication terminals 42 include: an FE network port 422 and a COM terminal 421. The FE network port 422, the COM terminal 421, the AC grid-connected terminal 412, and the AC off-grid terminal 413 are all fixedly and electrically connected to the second power board 22 (see [link]). Figure 15 In other words, in the Z-axis direction, the FE network port 422, COM terminal 421, AC grid-connected terminal 412, and AC off-grid terminal 413 are located closer to the front side of the housing 1.

[0124] The COM terminal 421 is the Communication Port (COM) terminal. In the inverter, the COM terminal 421 can be electrically connected to the transceiver device on the communication board 31. The inverter 100 can be connected to the communication interface of the local monitoring and control equipment through the COM terminal 421.

[0125] FE port 422 is also known as Fast Ethernet (FE) port. In the inverter, FE port 422 can be electrically connected to the Ethernet chip on the communication board 31. The inverter 100 can be connected to the network interface of network devices through this FE port 422.

[0126] As can be seen, both COM terminal 421 and FE network port 422 are low-voltage terminals.

[0127] AC grid-connected terminal 412, also known as Alternating Current (AC) grid-connected terminal, refers to the interface through which the inverter connects to the grid 400 (e.g., mains power). In grid-connected mode, the inverter converts DC power to AC power and connects to the grid interface of the grid 400 through this port.

[0128] AC off-grid terminal 413, also known as Alternating Current (AC) off-grid terminal, is the interface through which the inverter connects to the load 500. In off-grid mode, the inverter converts DC power to AC power and connects to the power distribution interface of the load 500 through this port.

[0129] Both the AC grid-connected terminal 412 and the AC off-grid terminal 413 are electrically connected to the output circuit provided on the second power board 22. For example, the AC grid-connected terminal 412 is electrically connected to the grid-connected relay, and the AC off-grid terminal 413 is electrically connected to the off-grid relay.

[0130] In summary, each of the above-mentioned connection terminals 4 is matched with the corresponding power board to achieve cable-free installation of the connection terminals 4.

[0131] In some examples, the PV terminal 411 is fixed to the corresponding position on the first power board 21 with screws, and the AC grid-connected terminal 412, AC off-grid terminal 413, and V2H terminal 414 are respectively soldered to the corresponding positions on the respective power boards. The communication terminal 42 includes a COM terminal 421 and an FE network port 422. In some examples, the COM terminal 421 and the FE network port 422 are respectively soldered to the corresponding positions on the second power board 22.

[0132] Regarding the soldering of terminals, any known soldering method can be used, which will not be elaborated here.

[0133] For AC grid-connected terminal 412 and AC off-grid terminal 413, in some examples, as shown in the attached diagram... Figure 9 As shown, both the AC grid-connected terminal 412 and the AC off-grid terminal 413 are arranged at an angle (see reference). Figure 12 The ends of the AC grid-connected terminal 412 and the AC off-grid terminal 413 closest to the cover plate 12 are further away from the second sidewall 102 of the housing 1 than the ends furthest from the cover plate 12. This arrangement allows for convenient and quick installation of the AC grid-connected terminal 412 and the AC off-grid terminal 413 on the housing 1, improving terminal installation efficiency.

[0134] For the screw connection of the terminals, taking PV terminal 411 as an example, the fixed connection can be achieved in the following way: An insulating bracket and a PV copper busbar are provided for PV terminal 411. The insulating bracket is fixed to the bottom shell 11 or the partition 5, and the PV copper busbar is fixed to the insulating bracket. One end of the PV copper busbar is screwed to the end of PV terminal 411, and the other end of the PV copper busbar extends to the corresponding position on the surface of the first power board 21 and is screwed thereto. This method not only facilitates disassembly and maintenance but also has the advantages of low contact resistance and adaptability to high-power photovoltaic DC input.

[0135] In some examples, such as the attached Figure 14 As shown, the switch knob 43, PV terminal 411, and V2H terminal 414 are sequentially distributed along a third direction on the first sidewall 101; and the FE network port 422, COM terminal 421, AC grid-connected terminal 412, and AC off-grid terminal 413 are sequentially distributed along a third direction on the first sidewall 101. The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the second direction. This arrangement facilitates the effective partitioning and orderly arrangement of high-voltage and low-voltage terminals along the width of the inverter, resulting in smoother wiring.

[0136] In some examples, such as the attached Figure 14 As shown, the bottom shell 11 includes a third sidewall 103 and a fourth sidewall 104 distributed along a third direction. The plurality of connection terminals 4 also include a second power terminal 44 electrically connected to the first power board 21 (e.g., by means of a cable connection, or by direct connection). The second power terminal 44 is located on the side of the third sidewall 103 away from the cover plate 12. The second power terminal 44 is also used for connection to the battery pack, so the second power terminal 44 is also referred to as a battery terminal.

[0137] Furthermore, the second power terminal 44 is located closer to the second side wall 102 of the housing 1 to avoid various terminals provided on the first side wall 101.

[0138] The battery pack is equipped with a connector that is adapted to be plugged into the second power terminal 44. In application, the inverter 100 is stacked on the top wall of the battery pack via the third side wall 103 and is plugged into the connection port on the battery pack via the second power terminal 44. It can be seen that in actual application, the third side wall 103 serves as the bottom wall of the inverter 100.

[0139] The second power terminal 44 serves as a DC energy storage circuit connection interface, enabling bidirectional power transmission between the inverter 100 and the battery pack. Specifically, surplus photovoltaic power is input into the battery pack via the second power terminal 44 to complete charging. During peak electricity consumption or power outages, the DC power from the battery pack is sent to the inverter 100 via the second power terminal 44 to invert and output AC power, completing bidirectional energy interaction of charging and discharging.

[0140] In conjunction with the aforementioned orientation of the bottom shell 11, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 14 As shown, the switch knob 43, PV terminal 411 and V2H terminal 414 are distributed sequentially along the direction close to the third side wall 103; the FE network port 422, COM terminal 421, AC grid-connected terminal 412 and AC off-grid terminal 413 are distributed sequentially along the direction close to the third side wall 103.

[0141] In the inverter's application configuration, the PV terminal 411, AC grid-connected terminal 412, AC off-grid terminal 413, and V2H terminal 414 can be located entirely below the inverter 100. Similarly, the switch knob 43, FE network port 422, and COM terminal 421 can be located entirely above the inverter 100. This vertical separation of the first power terminal 41 and communication terminal 42 facilitates smoother internal and external wiring of the inverter 100, simplifying installation. Furthermore, this layout makes the operation logic of the various terminals more user-friendly, enhancing the user experience. Of course, it is possible that the positions of the AC grid-connected terminal 412 and AC off-grid terminal 413, as well as the PV terminal 411 and V2H terminal 414, can be interchanged.

[0142] Furthermore, as shown in the appendix Figure 10 and attached Figure 14 As shown, the outer side of the first sidewall 101 of the bottom shell 11 has a first receiving groove 1010, which is formed by the first sidewall 101 being recessed towards the second sidewall 102; the AC grid-connected terminal 412, the AC off-grid terminal 413, the PV terminal 411 and the V2H terminal 414 are all located inside the first receiving groove 1010.

[0143] It should be noted that the AC grid-connected terminal 412, AC off-grid terminal 413, PV terminal 411 and V2H terminal 414 are all used as first power terminals 41, and the FE network port 422 and COM terminal 421 are all used as communication terminals 42. With the above arrangement, the first power terminals 41 are recessed inward relative to the communication terminals 42, which not only makes the partition between the first power terminals 41 and the communication terminals 42 clearer and more obvious, but also helps to form a protective effect on each first power terminal 41.

[0144] In conjunction with any of the above-described embodiments of the inverter 100, in some examples, as shown in the appendix... Figure 16 and appendix Figure 17 As shown, the inverter provided in this embodiment of the application also includes an antenna 45, which is rotatably connected to the side of the bottom shell 11 facing the cover plate 12 near the second side wall 102, and the antenna 45 is also electrically connected to the second power board 22.

[0145] By arranging the antenna 45 in the area of ​​the bottom shell 11 near the second power board 22, the trace length from the antenna 45 to the communication board 31 is shortened, reducing signal loss. Furthermore, the antenna 45's proximity to the second sidewall 102, i.e., away from the aforementioned connection terminals 4, also helps reduce electromagnetic interference and ensures stable wireless communication. In addition, the rotatable design of the antenna 45 allows it to be stored flush against the cavity wall, without protruding from the shell during transportation and storage, saving packaging and stacking space and reducing the risk of damage from impacts.

[0146] To accommodate the rotatable design of the antenna 45, from a mechanical connection perspective, the antenna 45 can be fixed to the wall of the bottom shell 11 via a rotating bracket or a turning head, etc. From an electrical connection perspective, the antenna 45 can be electrically connected to the second power board 22 via a cable.

[0147] Furthermore, as shown in the appendix Figure 16 and appendix Figure 17 As shown, the outer side of the wall of the bottom shell 11 facing the cover plate 12 has a second receiving groove 105, which is recessed towards the cover plate 12; the antenna 45 switches between a first state and a second state by rotation. In the first state, the antenna 45 is housed in the second receiving groove 105, and in the second state, the antenna 45 is exposed on the outside of the bottom shell 11.

[0148] The first state of antenna 45 is the retracted state, and the second state is the application state. In the first state, antenna 45 is housed in the second receiving slot 105, making the outer surface of the inverter unit flat, not occupying extra space during transportation, stacking, and rack installation, and preventing the antenna from being scratched or crushed. In application, antenna 45 is rotated to the second state, exposed on the outside of the bottom shell 11, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 16 As shown, when the inverter 100 is in use, the antenna 45 is exposed above the bottom housing 11 in the second state.

[0149] The second receiving slot 105 is recessed inward to prevent the antenna 45 from protruding outward from the outside of the bottom shell 11 when it is stored, thus avoiding increasing the overall size of the inverter 100 and adapting to the miniaturized design of the inverter 100.

[0150] For any of the inverters 100 mentioned above in the embodiments of this application, as shown in the appendix Figure 18 As shown, at least one of the plurality of connection terminals 4 has a sealing ring 8 at the housing connection gap; and / or, at least one of the plurality of connection terminals 4 has a sealing ring 8 at the connection gap with the housing 1 (e.g., bottom housing 11). For example, the plurality of connection terminals 4 have a sealing ring 8 at the housing connection gap, and the plurality of connection terminals 4 have a sealing ring 8 at the connection gap with the housing 1. The plurality of connection terminals includes a first power terminal 41, a communication terminal 42, and a second power terminal 44.

[0151] By using sealing rings 8 to fill the gaps between each terminal and the inverter 100 housing 1, as well as the gaps between the housings of each terminal itself, a good waterproof and dustproof protection effect is achieved. This prevents moisture, dust, condensation, and rainwater from entering the inverter 100 through the gaps, improving the overall ingress protection (IP) rating and making it suitable for humid and dusty conditions such as outdoor use and photovoltaic power plants. In addition, sealing rings 8 also have advantages such as buffering and vibration reduction, and increased assembly tolerance.

[0152] For a design where at least one of the multiple communication terminals 42 or multiple first power terminals 41 has a sealing ring 8 at the housing connection gap, please refer to the following description: Since all four connecting terminals have insulating shells, and, as shown in the attached... Figure 18 As shown, the insulating housing of the terminal may include a terminal base 401 and a terminal cover 402, which are connected to mate and form a terminal cavity. In some examples, one of the terminal base 401 and the terminal cover 402 is fitted over the other, for example... Figure 18 As an example, the end of the terminal cover 402 extends into and is fixed to the cavity of the terminal base 401, and the fixing method may be, for example, a threaded connection.

[0153] It should be noted that, Figure 18 This example illustrates a sealing scheme for FE port 422 terminals, where the terminal shape is designed to fit the FE port 422. Of course, Figure 18 Other terminal types of sealing solutions can also be exemplified, because the implementation of the sealing solution can be essentially the same; the difference lies in the shape of each terminal, which can vary according to actual needs.

[0154] Regarding the connection method of the terminal block 401 and the terminal cover 402, on the one hand, the sealing ring 8 can be disposed between the axial connecting end faces of the terminal block 401 and the terminal cover 402 to achieve a seal in the axial direction of terminal insertion and removal, preventing moisture and dust from seeping into the terminal from the end face gaps along the front and rear insertion direction of the terminal. One possible implementation is to create an annular groove in at least one of the two horizontally mating connecting end faces of the terminal block 401 and the terminal cover 402, and then embed the sealing ring 8 into this annular groove.

[0155] On the other hand, the sealing ring 8 can be disposed between the radially mating sidewalls of the terminal base 401 and the terminal cover 402 to achieve a seal in the radial direction of the terminal, compressing and sealing along the radial circumference of the terminal, blocking the circumferential gap of the sidewalls, and preventing rainwater and mist from laterally intruding from the side seam where the terminal base 401 and the terminal cover 402 are fitted together, thus compensating for the shortcomings of lateral protection of the end face seal. One possible implementation is that an annular groove is formed on the sidewall of at least one of the terminal base 401 and the terminal cover 402. For example, an annular groove is provided on the outer sidewall of the terminal cover 402, and the sealing ring 8 can be embedded in this annular groove.

[0156] For the design where a sealing ring 8 is provided at the connection gap between the connecting terminal 4 and the housing 1, please refer to the following description: In some examples, such as the attached Figure 18 As shown, the side wall of the housing 1 is provided with an opening for the terminal to pass through. The inner side of the opening has an annular skirt 106. Correspondingly, an annular step 403 is provided on the outer wall of the terminal housing. When the terminal passes through the opening, the annular step 403 on the outer wall of the terminal overlaps with the annular skirt 106 on the inner side of the opening of the housing 1. The sealing ring is placed between the annular step 403 and the annular skirt 106, so that the terminal and the housing can be sealed along the axial direction of the terminal insertion and removal, preventing water vapor and dust from seeping into the interior of the terminal from the end face gap along the front and rear insertion direction of the terminal.

[0157] In other examples, an annular groove may be provided on at least one of the inner wall of the opening or the outer wall of the terminal housing, and the sealing ring 8 may be placed in the annular groove to achieve a radial seal between the terminal and the housing, preventing moisture and dust from entering the housing 1 laterally along the side seam of the sleeve.

[0158] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an integrated optical storage system, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, the integrated photovoltaic and energy storage unit includes a battery pack 300 and an inverter 100 as described in the first aspect of the present application. The inverter 100 is stacked on the top wall of the battery pack 300 and is electrically connected to the battery pack 300.

[0159] It should be noted that the battery pack 300 is one form of the energy storage device 300 mentioned above. The photovoltaic-energy storage integrated machine provided in this application embodiment has all the advantages of the inverter 100 mentioned above, which will not be repeated here.

[0160] For integrated photovoltaic and energy storage systems, the inverter 100 is directly stacked on top of the battery pack 300, enabling faster deployment and smaller footprint in both residential and photovoltaic power station scenarios.

[0161] In some examples, the inverter includes a second power terminal 44 located on the side of the third sidewall 103 of the inverter away from the cover plate 12; the inverter contacts the top wall of the battery pack through the third sidewall 103, and the second power terminal 44 is plugged into a connector disposed on the top wall of the battery pack.

[0162] As can be seen, the inverter 100 is assembled with the connector provided on the top wall of the battery pack through its second power terminal 44, and at the same time completes the mechanical alignment and electrical connection, realizing the bidirectional interactive transmission of electrical energy and signals between the inverter and the battery pack.

[0163] The above description is only for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the technical solutions disclosed herein, and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An inverter, characterized in that, The inverter includes a housing (1), comprising a bottom shell (11) and a cover plate (12), wherein the cover plate (12) covers the opening of the bottom shell (11) to form a receiving cavity (10); The first power board (21), the second power board (22) and the partition (5) are all located inside the accommodating cavity (10) of the housing (1). The surface of the first power board (21) with the device and the surface of the second power board (22) with the device are arranged away from the partition (5), and the second power board (22) is closer to the cover plate (12) than the first power board (21). Heat dissipation fins (6) are located at least on the outer side of the wall of the bottom shell (11) facing the cover plate (12); The first power board (21) includes a plurality of first devices (212), the plurality of first devices (212) including power switching devices, and the second power board (22) includes a plurality of second devices (222), the plurality of second devices (222) including: filter inductors and filter capacitors.

2. The inverter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverter also includes a fan (7), which is fixed between the second power board (22) and the cover plate (12).

3. The inverter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first power board (21) has a first through hole (210), the second power board (22) has a second through hole (220), and the partition (5) has a third through hole (50); The first through hole (210), the second through hole (220) and the third through hole (50) are connected, and the orthographic projection of the three on the first power board (21) at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the fan (7) on the first power board (21).

4. The inverter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle between the central axis of the fan (7) and the surface of the second power board (22) is α, where 30°≤α<90°.

5. The inverter according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The partition (5) has a boss (51) on the surface facing at least one of the first power plate (21) or the second power plate (22), and a thermal pad (52) is sandwiched between the boss (51) and at least one of the first power plate (21) or the second power plate (22); and / or, the partition (5) has a liquid cooling channel.

6. The inverter according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The surface of the cover plate (12) facing the second power plate (22) has a micro-tooth structure (120).

7. The inverter according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The first power board (21) includes: a first circuit board (211), and the plurality of first devices (212) disposed on a side surface of the first circuit board (211) opposite to the partition (5); The plurality of first devices (212) further include: a DC switch, a power conversion inductor, and a power conversion capacitor; The second power board (22) includes: a second circuit board (221), and a plurality of second devices (222) disposed on one side surface of the second circuit board (221) facing the cover plate (12), the plurality of second devices (222) further including: a relay.

8. The inverter according to claim 7, characterized in that, At least one of the power conversion inductors includes a first pin (2121) and a second pin (2122); The first pin (2121) is electrically connected to the first circuit board (211); The second pin (2122) is longer than the first pin (2121), and the second pin (2122) passes through the first circuit board (211) and the partition (5) and is electrically connected to the second circuit board (221).

9. The inverter according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer side of the wall of the bottom shell (11) facing the cover plate (12) has at least one cavity (110), the cavity (110) being formed by the wall of the bottom shell (11) being recessed toward the cover plate (12), and part of the heat dissipation fins (6) being located in the cavity (110).

10. The inverter according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The inverter further includes a communication board (31) and a control board (32) located inside the accommodating cavity (10) of the housing (1). The communication board (31) and the control board (32) are both vertically fixed to the surface of the second power board (22) with devices, and the communication board (31) and the control board (32) are both electrically connected to the second power board (22).

11. The inverter according to claim 10, characterized in that, The communication board (31) and the control board (32) are respectively located on both sides of the second power board (22) along the length direction. The inverter also includes a fan (7), which is located between the communication board (31) and the control board (32).

12. The inverter according to claim 10, characterized in that, The inverter also includes a plurality of connection terminals (4), which penetrate and are fixed to the side wall of the housing (1); The plurality of connection terminals (4) include: a plurality of first power terminals (41) and a plurality of communication terminals (42). One end of a portion of the plurality of first power terminals (41) located inside the housing (1) is fixed and electrically connected to the first power board (21). One end of another portion of the plurality of first power terminals (41) located inside the housing (1) is fixed and electrically connected to the second power board (22). One end of the plurality of communication terminals (42) located inside the housing (1) is fixed and electrically connected to the second power board (22).

13. The inverter according to claim 12, characterized in that, The connection methods of the plurality of first power terminals (41) and the plurality of communication terminals (42) to the first power board (21) or the second power board (22) are each independently selected from at least one of welding or screw connection.

14. The inverter according to claim 12, characterized in that, The bottom shell (11) includes a first sidewall (101) and a second sidewall (102) distributed along a second direction, and the plurality of first power terminals (41) and the plurality of communication terminals (42) are all fixed to the first sidewall (101).

15. The inverter according to claim 14, characterized in that, The plurality of first power terminals (41) include a PV terminal (411), an AC grid-connected terminal (412), an AC off-grid terminal (413), and a V2H terminal (414); The plurality of communication terminals (42) include: FE network port (422) and COM terminal (421); The inverter also includes a switch knob (43) that penetrates and is fixed to the side wall of the housing (1); The switch knob (43), the PV terminal (411), and the V2H terminal (414) are all fixed and electrically connected to the first power board (21); The FE port (422), the COM terminal (421), the AC grid-connected terminal (412), and the AC off-grid terminal (413) are all fixed and electrically connected to the second power board (22).

16. The inverter according to claim 15, characterized in that, The switch knob (43), the PV terminal (411), and the V2H terminal (414) are sequentially distributed along a third direction on the first sidewall (101); The FE port (422), the COM terminal (421), the AC grid-connected terminal (412), and the AC off-grid terminal (413) are distributed sequentially along a third direction on the first sidewall (101); Wherein, the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the second direction, and the first direction is the arrangement direction of the bottom shell (11) and the cover plate (12).

17. The inverter according to claim 16, characterized in that, The bottom shell (11) includes a third sidewall (103) and a fourth sidewall (104) distributed along the third direction. The plurality of connection terminals (4) also include a second power terminal (44) electrically connected to the first power board (21). The second power terminal (44) is located on the side of the third sidewall (103) away from the cover plate (12). The second power terminal (44) is also used to connect the battery pack.

18. The inverter according to claim 17, characterized in that, The switch knob (43), the PV terminal (411), and the V2H terminal (414) are distributed sequentially along the direction close to the third sidewall (103); The FE port (422), the COM terminal (421), the AC grid-connected terminal (412), and the AC off-grid terminal (413) are distributed sequentially along the direction close to the third sidewall (103).

19. The inverter according to claim 15, characterized in that, The bottom shell (11) has a first receiving groove (1010) on the outer side of the first sidewall (101), and the first receiving groove (1010) is formed by the first sidewall (101) being recessed towards the second sidewall (102); The AC grid-connected terminal (412), the AC off-grid terminal (413), the PV terminal (411), and the V2H terminal (414) are all located inside the first receiving groove (1010).

20. The inverter according to any one of claims 13-19, characterized in that, The inverter also includes an antenna (45) which is rotatably connected to the side of the bottom shell (11) facing the cover plate (12) near the second side wall (102), and the antenna (45) is also electrically connected to the second power board (22).

21. A photovoltaic-storage integrated machine, characterized in that, The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage unit includes: a battery pack, and an inverter as described in any one of claims 1-20, wherein the inverter is stacked on the top wall of the battery pack and is electrically connected to the battery pack.

22. The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage system according to claim 21, characterized in that, The inverter includes a second power terminal (44) located on the side of the third sidewall (103) of the inverter away from the cover plate (12); The inverter is in contact with the top wall of the battery pack via the third sidewall (103), and the second power terminal (44) is plugged into a connector disposed on the top wall of the battery pack.

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