Vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, preparation method and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic assembly, a preparation method and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic technology. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic assembly comprises a panel layer, a backboard layer arranged opposite to the panel layer, a cell layer arranged between the panel layer and the backboard layer, wherein the cell layer comprises at least two cell pieces connected in series, a charging transmitting coil arranged between the panel layer and the backboard layer, and a current conversion circuit. The electric energy generated by the cell pieces is converted into alternating current by the current conversion circuit and then supplied to the charging transmitting coil. The charging transmitting coil is electrically connected to the cell layer through the current conversion circuit. The cell pieces and the charging transmitting coil are arranged at intervals between the panel layer and the backboard layer. The application realizes the transmission of photovoltaic electric energy from the outside of the vehicle to the inside of the vehicle without damaging the sealing structure of the vehicle body. Meanwhile, the internal space layout is optimized by the interval arrangement of the cell pieces and the charging transmitting coil, and the power generation performance and the non-contact power output performance of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic assembly are considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, a manufacturing method, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the electricity generated by automotive photovoltaic (PV) modules is typically transmitted to loads or energy storage devices via wired circuits. However, this wired transmission method has drawbacks. In practical vehicle applications, PV modules are installed on the roof, doors, or body panels. When it is necessary to extract power from within the modules, the cables must penetrate the roof sheet metal, interior panels, and sealing strips—meaning holes need to be drilled in these components to allow the cables to pass through. This destructive operation not only increases the complexity of the assembly process but also severely damages the vehicle's sealing performance, potentially leading to problems such as water leaks and increased wind noise. It also affects the overall aesthetics and structural integrity of the vehicle.

[0003] Therefore, how to design an on-board photovoltaic module that can avoid damaging the vehicle body and has a reasonable arrangement of internal output modules and battery cells has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to at least address the problem in related technologies where the discharge of electricity from vehicle-mounted photovoltaic modules requires damage to the vehicle body structure.

[0005] In view of this, the first aspect of this application proposes a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, comprising: a panel layer; a backsheet layer disposed opposite to the panel layer; a battery layer disposed between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, the battery layer comprising at least two battery cells connected in series; a charging transmitter coil disposed between the panel layer and the backsheet layer; and a current conversion circuit, wherein the electrical energy generated by the battery cells is converted into alternating current by the current conversion circuit and supplied to the charging transmitter coil, the charging transmitter coil being electrically connected to the battery layer through the current conversion circuit; wherein the battery cells and the charging transmitter coil are spaced apart between the panel layer and the backsheet layer.

[0006] The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module provided in this application includes a panel layer, a backsheet layer, a cell layer, a charging emitter coil, and a current conversion circuit. The panel layer, serving as the light-receiving surface of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, is made of a light-transmitting material, allowing sunlight to pass through the panel layer to reach the cell layer. The backsheet layer is disposed opposite the panel layer, serving as the backsheet layer of the photovoltaic module and providing support and protection for the cell layer. The cell layer is disposed between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, and includes at least two cells connected in series. The cells receive sunlight transmitted through the panel layer and convert the light energy into direct current (DC) electrical energy. The charging emitter coil is disposed between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, and converts electrical energy into electromagnetic energy for contactless power output to an external receiver. The current conversion circuit is disposed between the panel layer and the backsheet layer. The DC electrical energy generated by the cells is converted into AC electrical energy by the current conversion circuit and supplied to the charging emitter coil. The charging emitter coil is electrically connected to the cell layer through the current conversion circuit, which converts the DC power output from the cells into AC power suitable for the operation of the charging emitter coil. The solar cells and charging emitter coils are spaced apart within the space between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, thus spatially offsetting them. This spaced arrangement allows the charging emitter coils to be positioned to the side of the solar cells or in the gaps between them, avoiding the increased thickness and electromagnetic interference issues caused by directly stacking the charging emitter coils above or below the solar cells. The charging emitter coils are electrically connected to the solar cell layer via a current conversion circuit, which converts the direct current output from the solar cells into alternating current, enabling the charging emitter coils to transfer electrical energy to an external receiver via electromagnetic induction. When automotive photovoltaic modules are used in vehicles, the charging emitter coils transmit power non-contactly to a receiving coil inside the vehicle. The receiving coil is connected to the vehicle's battery management system or onboard electrical equipment, allowing photovoltaic power to be transferred from outside the vehicle to inside without damaging the vehicle's sealed structure. The spaced arrangement of the solar cells and charging emitter coils optimizes the internal spatial layout, balancing the module's power generation performance with non-contact power output performance.

[0007] Optionally, the lower surface of the solar cell and the lower surface of the charging emitter coil are flush in the thickness direction of the automotive photovoltaic module. The thickness direction refers to the direction from the panel layer to the backsheet layer, and the lower surface refers to the surface of the solar cell and the charging emitter coil facing the backsheet layer. Having the lower surfaces of the solar cell and the charging emitter coil at the same height in the thickness direction ensures that their end faces near the backsheet layer are flush. This results in better symmetry in the vertical distribution of the electromagnetic field generated by the charging emitter coil relative to the plane of the solar cell, which is beneficial for stable electromagnetic field output. Furthermore, it helps reduce the overall thickness of the automotive photovoltaic module, making it more suitable for installation on the vehicle body surface or in areas with thickness limitations.

[0008] Optionally, the solar cells in the battery layer are crystalline silicon solar cells or thin-film solar cells, and multiple solar cells are connected in series to form a battery string through conductive connecting strips. The output terminal of the battery string is connected to the input terminal of the current conversion circuit.

[0009] Optionally, in some embodiments, there are multiple sets of charging transmitter coils, which are located in different areas between the panel layer and the back panel layer; each set of charging transmitter coils includes a lead-out terminal, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the current conversion circuit.

[0010] Thus, by setting up multiple sets of charging transmitting coils and distributing them in different areas between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module can adapt to the power reception needs of the external receiver at different installation locations, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of contactless power output.

[0011] Optionally, in some embodiments, the number of charging transmitter coils is two sets, with the two sets of charging transmitter coils respectively located on opposite sides along the length of the battery layer.

[0012] Thus, by arranging two sets of charging and transmitting coils on opposite sides of the battery layer length, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module can adapt to the power reception needs of the external receiver at different installation locations.

[0013] Optionally, in some embodiments, the backplate layer has at least one positioning line on the side facing the panel layer, the number of positioning lines being the same as the number of charging and transmitting coils, and the center line of the charging and transmitting coils being aligned with the position of the positioning line.

[0014] In this way, the positioning lines are set on the surface of the backsheet layer, which allows the charging transmitter coil to be accurately placed in the designed position before lamination and encapsulation. This avoids insufficient or excessive spacing between the charging transmitter coil and the battery cell due to placement deviation, ensuring the relative positional accuracy between the charging transmitter coil and the battery cell. This is beneficial to improving the manufacturing consistency and product yield of automotive photovoltaic modules.

[0015] Optionally, in some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module further includes a junction box assembly disposed on the side of the back panel layer facing away from the panel layer or on the side of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, wherein a circuit board is disposed inside the junction box assembly, and a current conversion circuit is integrated on the circuit board.

[0016] In this way, the junction box assembly integrates the current conversion circuit onto the circuit board and places it on the outside of the encapsulation stack structure, freeing up the internal space of the vehicle photovoltaic module and facilitating the rational allocation of space between the panel layer and the backplane layer. At the same time, the independent setting of the junction box assembly facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the current conversion circuit.

[0017] Optionally, the junction box assembly also includes an inverter. The DC power generated by the battery cells enters the current conversion circuit, first being converted to AC power by a DC-AC conversion unit, and then the inverter adjusts the frequency of the AC power. The inverter changes the frequency of the AC power to match the resonant frequency of the receiving coil at the external receiver. The frequency-modulated AC power is supplied to the charging transmitter coil, which converts the AC power into an alternating electromagnetic field that is radiated outwards. The receiving coil at the external receiver generates induced AC power in the alternating electromagnetic field. This induced AC power is converted to DC power by a rectifier circuit and then supplied to the vehicle's battery for storage or directly to electrical equipment.

[0018] Optionally, in some embodiments, the charging transmitter coil is a planar wound coil, and the charging transmitter coil has 10 to 30 turns of wire continuously arranged along the winding direction.

[0019] In this way, the overall thickness of the planar wound coil is comparable to the diameter of a single conductor, and no additional three-dimensional support structure is required for installation between the panel layer and the backsheet layer. This helps to reduce the overall thickness of the vehicle photovoltaic module and maintain the compactness of the internal space.

[0020] Optionally, in some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the charging transmitter coil in a projection plane parallel to the panel layer includes a first maximum size and a second maximum size that are perpendicular to each other, wherein the first maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm, and the second maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm.

[0021] Thus, the size of the charging transmitter coil in the projection plane is within the range of 50mm to 100mm, which allows the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module to achieve a reasonable arrangement of the charging transmitter coil within the limited space of the panel layer and backsheet layer, taking into account both wireless transmission efficiency and the compactness of the internal space of the module.

[0022] Optionally, in some embodiments, the frequency of the alternating current output by the current conversion circuit to the charging transmitter coil is greater than or equal to 100 kHz and less than or equal to 300 kHz.

[0023] In this way, the current conversion circuit converts the DC power generated by the battery cells into AC power. The frequency of the AC power is set within the range of 100kHz to 300kHz, avoiding electromagnetic noise generated by the charging and transmitting coil from falling into the sensitive frequency range of human hearing. By setting the AC power frequency within the 100kHz to 300kHz range, the switching devices in the current conversion circuit operate at an appropriate switching frequency, and both switching losses and drive losses are within a reasonable range. The overall conversion efficiency of the current conversion circuit remains at a high level, while ensuring the energy transfer efficiency during wireless power transmission.

[0024] Optionally, in some embodiments, the panel layer is a curved glass layer, the back sheet layer is a curved back sheet layer, and the curved glass layer and the curved back sheet layer are laminated to form a hyperbolic shape, with curvature in two mutually orthogonal directions.

[0025] In this way, the structural stiffness of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module is enhanced, and the curved shape makes the bending section modulus of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module greater than that of the planar shape when subjected to bending load, thereby reducing the deformation of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module under vehicle driving vibration and wind pressure.

[0026] Optionally, the radius of curvature of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters and less than or equal to 4 meters.

[0027] Optionally, in some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module further includes: a first adhesive film layer disposed between the panel layer and the battery layer, and between the panel layer and the charging transmitting coil; a second adhesive film layer disposed between the battery layer and the backsheet layer, and between the charging transmitting coil and the backsheet layer; and an adhesive fixing layer disposed on the side of the backsheet layer facing away from the panel layer for fixing the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module.

[0028] Thus, through the encapsulation of the first and second adhesive film layers and the fixation of the adhesive fixing layer, the vehicle photovoltaic module achieves sealed protection of internal components and non-destructive installation of external components.

[0029] Based on the same technical concept, a second aspect of this application proposes a method for manufacturing an on-board photovoltaic module, used to manufacture the on-board photovoltaic module as proposed in the first aspect. The method for manufacturing the on-board photovoltaic module includes: placing a backsheet layer on a curved mold; applying a second adhesive film layer on the backsheet layer; applying a charging transmitter coil on the second adhesive film layer and positioning the charging transmitter coil on a positioning line on the backsheet layer; applying a battery layer on the second adhesive film layer, such that the battery layer and the charging transmitter coil are arranged side by side; electrically connecting the lead-out ends of the battery cells to the lead-out ends of the charging transmitter coil by welding a busbar; applying a first adhesive film layer on the battery layer and the charging transmitter coil; applying a panel layer on top of the first adhesive film layer; and laminating the backsheet layer, the second adhesive film layer, the battery layer, the charging transmitter coil, the first adhesive film layer, and the panel layer to obtain the on-board photovoltaic module.

[0030] According to the method for manufacturing vehicle-mounted photovoltaic modules provided in this application, during the manufacturing process, a backsheet layer is placed on a curved mold. The upper surface of the curved mold has a curved profile that matches the required curved shape of the backsheet layer. The backsheet layer naturally adheres to the surface of the mold to form a curved shape. A second adhesive film layer is applied to the backsheet layer, covering the side of the backsheet layer facing the panel layer. The second adhesive film layer melts upon heating during subsequent lamination processes and serves as an adhesive and encapsulator. A charging transmitter coil is then applied to the second adhesive film layer and positioned on a positioning line on the backsheet layer. The positioning line is pre-set on the surface of the backsheet layer. When placing the charging transmitter coil, its centerline is aligned with the positioning line to ensure that the installation position of the charging transmitter coil between the panel layer and the backsheet layer meets the design accuracy requirements. A battery layer is laid on the second adhesive film layer, arranged side-by-side with the charging and transmitting coil. The battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil each occupy different areas on the backsheet layer. The battery cells in the battery layer are spatially staggered from the charging and transmitting coil, achieving an alternating layout. The leads of the battery cells and the leads of the charging and transmitting coil are electrically connected by welding a busbar, which is a conductive metal strip. The welding operation connects the current path output by the battery cells with the input path of the charging and transmitting coil, allowing the electrical energy generated by the battery cells to be transmitted to the charging and transmitting coil via the busbar. A first adhesive film layer is laid on the battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil, covering the area above them. This first adhesive film layer melts during subsequent lamination processes, filling the gaps around the battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil. A panel layer is laid on top of the first adhesive film layer, covering it, with the lower surface of the panel layer contacting the upper surface of the first adhesive film layer. The backsheet layer, second adhesive film layer, battery layer, charging and transmitting coil, first adhesive film layer, and panel layer are laminated under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The second and first adhesive film layers melt and flow to fill the entire space between the panel layer and the backsheet layer. After cooling, they solidify to form an encapsulation, encapsulating the battery layer and charging and transmitting coil between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, thus obtaining the automotive photovoltaic module. The lamination process bonds all the layers together in one step. During the melting process, the second and first adhesive film layers fill the gaps around the battery cells and charging and transmitting coil, eliminating internal air bubbles and ensuring the adhesive strength between the panel layer and the backsheet layer.

[0031] Based on the same technical concept, a third aspect of this application proposes a vehicle, including: a vehicle body and a receiving coil; and an on-board photovoltaic module as proposed in the first aspect; wherein the on-board photovoltaic module is mounted on the outer surface of the vehicle body, and the receiving coil is disposed inside the vehicle body.

[0032] The vehicle provided according to this application includes a vehicle body, a receiving coil, and the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module proposed in the first aspect. Therefore, the vehicle has all the beneficial effects of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module proposed in the first aspect. The outer surface of the vehicle body includes the outer surface of the roof, the outer surface of the door panels, or the outer surface of the body panels. The receiving coil is disposed inside the vehicle body, located on the inner side of the vehicle body at a position corresponding to the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module. After the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module is installed on the outer surface of the vehicle body, the charging transmitting coil in the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module corresponds spatially to the receiving coil inside the vehicle body, and the outer panel of the vehicle body is located between the charging transmitting coil and the receiving coil. The solar cells in the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module receive sunlight to generate direct current (DC) energy. The DC energy is converted into alternating current (AC) energy through a current conversion circuit. The AC energy supplies the charging transmitting coil, which generates an alternating electromagnetic field. The alternating electromagnetic field passes through the outer panel of the vehicle body and reaches the receiving coil inside the vehicle body. The receiving coil generates induced AC energy in the alternating electromagnetic field. The induced AC energy is rectified and then used to charge the vehicle's power battery or supply power to on-board electrical equipment. Photovoltaic power is wirelessly transmitted from photovoltaic modules outside the vehicle body to receiving coils inside the vehicle body, avoiding damage to the vehicle structure caused by wired transmission, and realizing photovoltaic charging function when the vehicle is in motion or parked.

[0033] Optionally, in some embodiments, the ratio of the number of turns of the charging transmitting coil to the number of turns of the receiving coil ranges from 1:2 to 1:5.

[0034] Thus, by setting a turns ratio of 1:2 to 1:5, this application enables the wireless power transmission system between the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module and the receiving coil inside the vehicle to balance voltage matching, transmission efficiency, and thermal management performance.

[0035] Optionally, the ratio of the number of turns of the charging transmitting coil to the number of turns of the receiving coil is 1:3.

[0036] Optionally, in some embodiments, the distance between the charging transmitting coil and the receiving coil is 5 mm to 30 mm along the relative direction of the charging transmitting coil and the receiving coil.

[0037] In this way, the alternating electromagnetic field generated by the charging transmitting coil maintains a sufficient magnetic field strength when it reaches the receiving coil, and the receiving coil can induce an electromotive force that meets the charging requirements, thus ensuring the efficiency of wireless power transmission.

[0038] Optionally, the vehicle also includes an energy storage device located inside the vehicle body and connected to the output of the junction box assembly, thereby storing the electrical energy generated by the on-board photovoltaic modules for vehicle use. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0040] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 2 This is shown as a second schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the junction box assembly in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the charging transmitter coil in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an on-board photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the battery management system in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0046] Figure 7 This application shows one of the structural schematic diagrams of a vehicle according to one embodiment;

[0047] Figure 8 This is shown as a second schematic diagram of the vehicle structure in one embodiment of this application.

[0048] Among them: 100 vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, 1 panel layer, 11 curved glass layer, 2 back sheet layer, 21 curved back sheet layer, 22 positioning line, 3 battery layer, 31 battery cell, 4 charging and transmitting coil, 41 planar wound coil, 42 lead end, 43 wire, 5 current conversion circuit, 6 junction box assembly, 61 circuit board, 62 housing, 7 first adhesive film layer, 8 second adhesive film layer, 9 adhesive fixing layer, 200 vehicle, 210 vehicle body, 220 receiving coil, 230 energy storage device. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0050] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0051] The following reference Figures 1 to 8This application describes vehicle-mounted photovoltaic modules, manufacturing methods, and vehicles according to some embodiments.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100, including: a panel layer 1; a backsheet layer 2, disposed opposite to the panel layer 1; a battery layer 3, disposed between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2, the battery layer 3 including at least two battery cells 31 connected in series; a charging transmitter coil 4, disposed between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2; and a current conversion circuit 5, wherein the electrical energy generated by the battery cells 31 is converted into alternating current by the current conversion circuit 5 and supplied to the charging transmitter coil 4, and the charging transmitter coil 4 is electrically connected to the battery layer 3 through the current conversion circuit 5; wherein the battery cells 31 and the charging transmitter coil 4 are spaced apart between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2.

[0053] The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 provided in this application includes a panel layer 1, a backsheet layer 2, a battery layer 3, a charging and transmitting coil 4, and a current conversion circuit 5. The panel layer 1 serves as the light-receiving surface of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 and is made of a light-transmitting material, allowing sunlight to pass through the panel layer 1 to reach the battery layer 3. The backsheet layer 2 is disposed opposite to the panel layer 1 and serves as the backsheet surface of the photovoltaic module, providing support and protection for the battery layer 3. The battery layer 3 is disposed between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2, and includes at least two battery cells 31 connected in series. The battery cells 31 receive sunlight transmitted through the panel layer 1 and convert the light energy into direct current electrical energy. The charging and transmitting coil 4 is disposed between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2, and is used to convert electrical energy into electromagnetic energy and provide contactless power output to an external receiving end. A current conversion circuit 5 is disposed between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2. The DC power generated by the battery cell 31 is converted into AC power by the current conversion circuit 5 and then supplied to the charging transmitter coil 4. The charging transmitter coil 4 is electrically connected to the battery layer 3 through the current conversion circuit 5. The current conversion circuit 5 is used to convert the DC power output by the battery cell 31 into AC power suitable for the operation of the charging transmitter coil 4. The battery cell 31 and the charging transmitter coil 4 are spaced apart in the space between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2, so that the battery cell 31 and the charging transmitter coil 4 are spatially offset from each other. The spaced arrangement of the battery cell 31 and the charging transmitter coil 4 allows the charging transmitter coil 4 to be located to the side of the battery cell 31 or in the gap area between the battery cells 31. This arrangement avoids the increase in thickness and electromagnetic interference problems caused by directly stacking the charging transmitter coil 4 on top of or below the battery cell 31. The charging transmitting coil 4 is electrically connected to the battery layer 3 via a current conversion circuit 5. The current conversion circuit 5 converts the direct current output from the battery cell 31 into alternating current, enabling the charging transmitting coil 4 to transmit electrical energy to the external receiving end via electromagnetic induction. When the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 is applied to the vehicle 200, the charging transmitting coil 4 transmits power non-contactly to the receiving coil 220 inside the vehicle 200. The receiving coil 220 is connected to the battery management system or on-board electrical equipment of the vehicle 200, thereby enabling photovoltaic power to be transmitted from outside the vehicle to inside the vehicle without damaging the sealed structure of the vehicle body 210. At the same time, the spacing between the battery cell 31 and the charging transmitting coil 4 optimizes the internal space layout, balancing the power generation performance and non-contact power output performance of the module.

[0054] Optionally, the lower surface of the solar cell 31 and the lower surface of the charging emitter coil 4 are flush in the thickness direction of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100. The thickness direction refers to the direction from the panel layer 1 to the backsheet layer 2, and the lower surface refers to the surface of the solar cell 31 and the charging emitter coil 4 facing the backsheet layer 2. The lower surfaces of the solar cell 31 and the charging emitter coil 4 are at the same height in the thickness direction, making their end faces flush with the backsheet layer 2. The electromagnetic field generated by the charging emitter coil 4 has better symmetry in the vertical direction relative to the plane of the solar cell 31, which is beneficial for stable electromagnetic field output. Simultaneously, it helps reduce the overall thickness of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100, making it more suitable for installation on the vehicle body surface or in areas with thickness limitations.

[0055] Optionally, the battery cells 31 in the battery layer 3 are crystalline silicon battery cells or thin-film battery cells, and multiple battery cells 31 are connected in series to form a battery string through conductive connecting strips. The output terminal of the battery string is connected to the input terminal of the current conversion circuit 5.

[0056] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, there are multiple sets of charging and transmitting coils 4, which are located in different areas between the panel layer 1 and the back panel layer 2. Each set of charging and transmitting coils 4 includes a lead-out terminal 42, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the current conversion circuit 5.

[0057] In this embodiment, multiple sets of charging transmitting coils 4 are disposed in different areas between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2. These different areas include the reserved area at the edge of the battery layer 3, the gap area between adjacent battery cells 31, the border area around the battery layer 3, and the blank area in the battery layer 3 where no battery cells 31 are arranged. Each set of charging transmitting coils 4 is distributed in a non-overlapping position within the planar space between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2. The distribution of multiple sets of charging transmitting coils 4 in different areas allows the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 to cover a larger spatial range when facing an external receiver. It also makes the electromagnetic field generated by each set of charging transmitting coils 4 more spatially dispersed, reducing interference to the battery cells 31 caused by an excessively concentrated electromagnetic field in a single area. By setting multiple sets of charging transmitting coils 4 and distributing them in different areas between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2, this application enables the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 to adapt to the power reception needs of the external receiver at different installation positions, improving the adaptability and flexibility of contactless power output.

[0058] Optionally, in some embodiments, the number of charging transmitter coils 4 is two sets, and the two sets of charging transmitter coils 4 are respectively disposed on opposite sides along the length direction of the battery layer 3.

[0059] In this embodiment, there are two sets of charging emitter coils 4, which are respectively arranged on opposite sides along the length of the battery layer 3. The length of the battery layer 3 refers to the direction in which the battery layer 3 occupies a longer dimension within the plane of the vehicle photovoltaic module 100. One set of charging emitter coils 4 is located on one side of the battery layer 3, and the other set is located on the other side. Each set of charging emitter coils 4 maintains a distance from the battery cells 31 in the battery layer 3 within the space between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2. Each set of charging emitter coils 4 includes a lead-out terminal 42, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the current conversion circuit 5 through a conductive line. The current conversion circuit 5 can selectively supply power to one set of the two sets of charging emitter coils 4, or supply power to both sets of charging emitter coils 4 simultaneously. The two sets of charging emitter coils 4 are respectively arranged on opposite sides along the length of the battery layer 3. The large spatial distance between the two sets of charging emitter coils 4 reduces the overlap area of ​​the electromagnetic fields generated during operation, which helps to reduce mutual interference between the two sets of charging emitter coils 4. By arranging two sets of charging and transmitting coils 4 on opposite sides of the length of the battery layer 3, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 can adapt to the power reception needs of the external receiver at different installation locations.

[0060] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the back panel layer 2 has at least one positioning line 22 on the side facing the panel layer 1. The number of positioning lines 22 is the same as the number of charging transmitting coils 4, and the center line of the charging transmitting coil 4 is in the same position as the positioning line 22.

[0061] In this embodiment, at least one positioning line 22 is provided on the side of the backsheet layer 2 facing the panel layer 1, and the number of positioning lines 22 is the same as the number of charging transmitting coils 4. The center line of the charging transmitting coil 4 corresponds to the position of the positioning line 22, and the positioning line 22 is used to indicate the preset installation position of the charging transmitting coil 4 between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2. Each positioning line 22 corresponds to a set of charging transmitting coils 4, and the extension direction of the positioning line 22 is consistent with the direction of the center line of the charging transmitting coil 4. During the assembly process of the vehicle photovoltaic module 100, the positioning line 22 is first set on the surface of the backsheet layer 2 facing the panel layer 1, and then the charging transmitting coil 4 is placed on the backsheet layer 2 according to the position of the positioning line 22, so that the center line of the charging transmitting coil 4 is aligned with the corresponding positioning line 22, thereby achieving precise positioning of the charging transmitting coil 4. It should be noted that the bonding reliability of the encapsulation components can be improved by setting an adhesive film layer. That is, an adhesive film layer can be placed on the backplane layer 2 first. Since the thickness of the adhesive film layer is very thin, the staff can still see the positioning line 22 through the adhesive film layer and then determine the position of the charging transmitter coil 4 based on the position of the positioning line 22.

[0062] Positioning lines 22 are formed on the surface of the backsheet layer 2 by printing or etching. The color of the positioning lines 22 has a visual contrast with the surface color of the backsheet layer 2, making it easy for operators to identify during assembly. When there are two sets of charging emitter coils 4, the number of positioning lines 22 can be one or two. One positioning line 22 runs through the length of the backsheet layer 2, allowing operators to directly determine the placement positions of the two charging emitter coils 4 based on one positioning line 22. Alternatively, two positioning lines 22 can be set, with one positioning line 22 corresponding to one set of charging emitter coils 4. The positioning lines 22 on the surface of the backsheet layer 2 ensure that the charging emitter coils 4 can be accurately placed in the designed position before lamination and encapsulation, avoiding insufficient or excessive spacing between the charging emitter coils 4 and the solar cells 31 due to placement deviations. This ensures the relative positional accuracy between the charging emitter coils 4 and the solar cells 31, which is beneficial for improving the manufacturing consistency and product yield of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100.

[0063] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 also includes a junction box assembly 6, which is disposed on the side of the back panel layer 2 facing away from the panel layer 1 or on the side of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100. The junction box assembly 6 has a circuit board 61 inside, and the current conversion circuit 5 is integrated on the circuit board 61.

[0064] In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 also includes a junction box assembly 6. The junction box assembly 6 is disposed on the side of the back panel layer 2 facing away from the panel layer 1, or on the side of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100. The side of the back panel layer 2 facing away from the panel layer 1 is the backlight surface of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100. When the junction box assembly 6 is installed on this side surface, the junction box assembly 6 is located on the back of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 and does not occupy the light-receiving area on one side of the panel layer 1. The junction box assembly 6 includes a housing 62 and a circuit board 61. The circuit board 61 is disposed inside the housing 62, and the current conversion circuit 5 is integrated on the circuit board 61. The circuit board 61 is a printed circuit board 61 or a flexible circuit board 61. The current conversion circuit 5 is mounted on the circuit board 61 by surface mounting or plug-in method. The conductive lines on the circuit board 61 electrically connect the input terminal of the current conversion circuit 5 to the output terminal of the battery layer 3, and electrically connect the output terminal of the current conversion circuit 5 to the lead-out terminal 42 of the charging emitter coil 4. The housing of the junction box assembly 6 protects the internal circuit board 61 from damage caused by external moisture, dust, and mechanical impact. By integrating the current conversion circuit 5 onto the circuit board 61 and placing it outside the encapsulation layer structure, the junction box assembly 6 frees up internal space in the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100, facilitating a more efficient allocation of space between the panel layer 1 and the backplane layer 2. Furthermore, the independent placement of the junction box assembly 6 facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the current conversion circuit 5.

[0065] Optionally, a frequency converter is also installed inside the junction box assembly 6. The DC power generated by the battery cell 31 enters the current conversion circuit 5, where it is first converted to AC power by a DC-AC conversion unit, and then the frequency of the AC power is adjusted by the frequency converter. The frequency converter changes the frequency of the AC power to match the resonant frequency of the receiving coil 220 at the external receiver. The frequency-modulated AC power is supplied to the charging transmitting coil 4, which converts the AC power into an alternating electromagnetic field that is radiated outwards. The receiving coil 220 at the external receiver generates induced AC power in the alternating electromagnetic field. This induced AC power is converted to DC power by a rectifier circuit and then supplied to the battery storage of the vehicle 200 or directly to electrical equipment.

[0066] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the charging and transmitting coil 4 is a planar wound coil 41, and the charging and transmitting coil 4 is continuously provided with 10 to 30 turns of wire 43 along the winding direction.

[0067] In this embodiment, the charging transmitter coil 4 is a planar wound coil 41. A planar wound coil 41 refers to a coil structure formed by winding wires 43 along a helical path in the same plane. The overall thickness of the coil is equal to the diameter of the wires, and the radial dimension of the coil is determined by the number of turns and the spacing between the wires 43. The charging transmitter coil 4 has 10 to 30 turns of wire 43 continuously arranged along the winding direction. The wires 43 between adjacent turns are insulated from each other, ensuring that the inductance of the charging transmitter coil 4 is within a suitable range for resonant coupling with the external receiver. Combined with the current conversion circuit 5 and the AC frequency output by the inverter, the charging transmitter coil 4 can form good magnetic coupling resonance with the external receiving coil 220, maintaining a high level of power transmission efficiency. The overall thickness of the planar wound coil 41 is comparable to the diameter of a single wire 43, eliminating the need for additional three-dimensional support structures during installation between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2. This helps reduce the overall thickness of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 and maintain a compact internal space.

[0068] Optionally, in some embodiments, in a projection plane parallel to the panel layer 1, the orthographic projection of the charging transmitting coil 4 includes a first maximum size and a second maximum size that are perpendicular to each other, wherein the first maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm, and the second maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm.

[0069] In this embodiment, the orthographic projection of the charging transmitting coil 4 in a projection plane parallel to the panel layer 1 includes a first maximum size and a second maximum size that are perpendicular to each other. The first maximum size is the span of the charging transmitting coil 4 along a first direction in the projection plane, and the second maximum size is the span of the charging transmitting coil 4 along a second direction in the projection plane, with the first and second directions being perpendicular to each other. The first maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm, and the second maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm. Good electromagnetic coupling is formed between the charging transmitting coil 4 and the receiving coil 220, ensuring efficient wireless power transmission. The charging transmitting coil 4, with this size range, occupies a moderate amount of space between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2, without excessively compressing the arrangement area of ​​the solar cells 31. The size of the charging transmitting coil 4 in the projection plane is within the range of 50 mm to 100 mm, allowing the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 to achieve a reasonable arrangement of the charging transmitting coil 4 within the limited space of the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2, balancing wireless transmission efficiency and the compactness of the module's internal space.

[0070] Optionally, in some embodiments, the frequency of the alternating current output by the current conversion circuit 5 to the charging transmitter coil 4 is greater than or equal to 100 kHz and less than or equal to 300 kHz.

[0071] In this embodiment, the current conversion circuit 5 converts the DC power generated by the battery cell 31 into AC power. The frequency of the AC power is set within the range of 100kHz to 300kHz to avoid electromagnetic noise generated by the charging transmitting coil 4 falling into the sensitive frequency range of human hearing. By setting the AC power frequency within the range of 100kHz to 300kHz, the switching devices in the current conversion circuit 5 operate at a suitable switching frequency, and both switching losses and drive losses are within a reasonable range. The overall conversion efficiency of the current conversion circuit 5 remains at a high level, while ensuring the energy transfer efficiency during wireless power transmission.

[0072] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, panel layer 1 is a curved glass layer 11, back panel layer 2 is a curved back panel layer 21. After lamination, the curved glass layer 11 and the curved back panel layer 21 form a hyperbolic shape, which has curvature in two mutually orthogonal directions.

[0073] In this embodiment, panel layer 1 is a curved glass layer 11, and back panel layer 2 is a curved back panel layer 21. The curved glass layer 11 is formed into a curved shape using a hot bending process with transparent glass material. The curved back panel layer 21 is formed into a curved shape corresponding to the curved glass layer 11 using glass or composite materials through a molding process. After lamination, the curved glass layer 11 and the curved back panel layer 21 form a hyperbolic shape, with curvature in two mutually orthogonal directions. For example, the mutually orthogonal directions could be the longitudinal direction along the length of the vehicle 200 and the lateral direction along the width of the vehicle 200. The hyperbolic shape causes panel layer 1 and back panel layer 2 to exhibit curvature in two perpendicular directions. When the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 has a hyperbolic shape, its structural stiffness is enhanced. The curved shape makes the bending section modulus of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 under bending loads greater than that of a planar shape, reducing the deformation of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 under vehicle vibration and wind pressure.

[0074] Optionally, the radius of curvature of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters and less than or equal to 4 meters.

[0075] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 further includes: a first adhesive film layer 7, disposed between the panel layer 1 and the battery layer 3, and between the panel layer 1 and the charging transmitting coil 4; a second adhesive film layer 8, disposed between the battery layer 3 and the backsheet layer 2, and between the charging transmitting coil 4 and the backsheet layer 2; and an adhesive fixing layer 9, disposed on the side of the backsheet layer 2 facing away from the panel layer 1, for fixing the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100.

[0076] In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 further includes a first adhesive film layer 7, a second adhesive film layer 8, and an adhesive fixing layer 9. The first adhesive film layer 7 is disposed between the panel layer 1 and the battery layer 3, and between the panel layer 1 and the charging transmitting coil 4. One side surface of the first adhesive film layer 7 is bonded to the panel layer 1, and the other side surface is bonded to both the battery layer 3 and the charging transmitting coil 4. The second adhesive film layer 8 is disposed between the battery layer 3 and the backsheet layer 2, and between the charging transmitting coil 4 and the backsheet layer 2. One side surface of the second adhesive film layer 8 is bonded to both the battery layer 3 and the charging transmitting coil 4, and the other side surface is bonded to the backsheet layer 2. Both the first adhesive film layer 7 and the second adhesive film layer 8 are hot-melt encapsulating films, which melt and fill the space between the panel layer 1 and the backsheet layer 2 during the lamination process. After cooling, they form an encapsulation body that encapsulates the battery layer 3 and the charging transmitting coil 4 inside, isolating them from the external environment. An adhesive fixing layer 9 is disposed on the side of the back panel layer 2 facing away from the panel layer 1. The adhesive fixing layer 9 is used to fix the vehicle photovoltaic module 100 to the vehicle body surface. The setting of the adhesive fixing layer 9 eliminates the need to drill bolt holes in the vehicle body 210 for the installation of the vehicle photovoltaic module 100, avoiding damage to the vehicle body structure. Therefore, through the encapsulation of the first adhesive film layer 7 and the second adhesive film layer 8 and the fixing of the adhesive fixing layer 9, the vehicle photovoltaic module 100 achieves sealed protection of internal components and non-destructive external installation.

[0077] Based on the same technical concept, a second aspect of this application proposes a method for preparing an on-board photovoltaic module, used to prepare the on-board photovoltaic module as proposed in the first aspect, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the fabrication method of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic modules includes:

[0078] S101: Place the backplate layer on the curved mold;

[0079] S103: Apply a second adhesive film layer on the backing layer;

[0080] S105: Lay the charging and transmitting coil on the second adhesive film layer and position the charging and transmitting coil on the positioning line on the back plate layer;

[0081] S107: The battery layer is laid on the second adhesive film layer, so that the battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil are arranged side by side.

[0082] S109: The lead-out end of the battery cell is electrically connected to the lead-out end of the charging and transmitting coil by welding a busbar;

[0083] S111: A first adhesive film layer is applied to the battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil;

[0084] S113: A panel layer is laid on top of the first adhesive film layer;

[0085] S115: The backsheet layer, the second adhesive film layer, the battery layer, the charging and transmitting coil, the first adhesive film layer, and the panel layer are laminated to obtain the vehicle photovoltaic module.

[0086] According to the method for manufacturing vehicle-mounted photovoltaic modules provided in this application, during the manufacturing process, a backsheet layer is placed on a curved mold. The upper surface of the curved mold has a curved profile that matches the required curved shape of the backsheet layer. The backsheet layer naturally adheres to the surface of the mold to form a curved shape. A second adhesive film layer is applied to the backsheet layer, covering the side of the backsheet layer facing the panel layer. The second adhesive film layer melts upon heating during subsequent lamination processes and serves as an adhesive and encapsulator. A charging transmitter coil is then applied to the second adhesive film layer and positioned on a positioning line on the backsheet layer. The positioning line is pre-set on the surface of the backsheet layer. When placing the charging transmitter coil, its centerline is aligned with the positioning line to ensure that the installation position of the charging transmitter coil between the panel layer and the backsheet layer meets the design accuracy requirements. A battery layer is laid on the second adhesive film layer, arranged side-by-side with the charging and transmitting coil. The battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil each occupy different areas on the backsheet layer. The battery cells in the battery layer are spatially staggered from the charging and transmitting coil, achieving an alternating layout. The leads of the battery cells and the leads of the charging and transmitting coil are electrically connected by welding a busbar, which is a conductive metal strip. The welding operation connects the current path output by the battery cells with the input path of the charging and transmitting coil, allowing the electrical energy generated by the battery cells to be transmitted to the charging and transmitting coil via the busbar. A first adhesive film layer is laid on the battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil, covering the area above them. This first adhesive film layer melts during subsequent lamination processes, filling the gaps around the battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil. A panel layer is laid on top of the first adhesive film layer, covering it, with the lower surface of the panel layer contacting the upper surface of the first adhesive film layer. The backsheet layer, second adhesive film layer, battery layer, charging and transmitting coil, first adhesive film layer, and panel layer are laminated under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The second and first adhesive film layers melt and flow to fill the entire space between the panel layer and the backsheet layer. After cooling, they solidify to form an encapsulation, encapsulating the battery layer and charging and transmitting coil between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, thus obtaining the automotive photovoltaic module. The lamination process bonds all the layers together in one step. During the melting process, the second and first adhesive film layers fill the gaps around the battery cells and charging and transmitting coil, eliminating internal air bubbles and ensuring the adhesive strength between the panel layer and the backsheet layer.

[0087] Based on the same technological concept, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the third aspect of this application proposes a vehicle 200, including: a vehicle body 210 and a receiving coil 220; and an on-board photovoltaic module 100 as proposed in the first aspect; wherein the on-board photovoltaic module 100 is mounted on the outer surface of the vehicle body 210, and the receiving coil 220 is disposed inside the vehicle body 210.

[0088] The vehicle 200 provided in this application includes a vehicle body 210, a receiving coil 220, and the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 proposed in the first aspect. Therefore, the vehicle 200 has all the beneficial effects of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 proposed in the first aspect. The outer surface of the vehicle body 210 includes the outer surface of the roof, the outer surface of the door panel, or the outer surface of the body panel. The receiving coil 220 is disposed inside the vehicle body 210, and the receiving coil 220 is located on the inner side of the vehicle body 210 at a position corresponding to the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100. After the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 is installed on the outer surface of the vehicle body 210, the charging transmitting coil 4 in the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 corresponds spatially to the receiving coil 220 inside the vehicle body 210, and the outer surface panel of the vehicle body 210 is located between the charging transmitting coil 4 and the receiving coil 220. The battery cells 31 in the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100 receive sunlight to generate direct current (DC) power. The DC power is converted into alternating current (AC) power by the current conversion circuit 5. The AC power is supplied to the charging transmitting coil 4, and the charging transmitting coil 4 generates an alternating electromagnetic field. An alternating electromagnetic field passes through the outer panel of the vehicle body 210 and reaches the receiving coil 220 inside the vehicle body 210. The receiving coil 220 generates induced alternating current in the alternating electromagnetic field. After rectification, the induced alternating current charges the vehicle 200's power battery or supplies power to onboard electrical equipment. Photovoltaic energy is wirelessly transmitted from the photovoltaic modules on the outside of the vehicle body 210 to the receiving coil 220 inside the vehicle body 210, avoiding the damage to the structure of the vehicle body 210 caused by wired transmission, and realizing the photovoltaic charging function of the vehicle 200 while it is in motion or parked.

[0089] Optionally, in some embodiments, the ratio of the number of turns of the charging transmitting coil 4 to the number of turns of the receiving coil 220 ranges from 1:2 to 1:5.

[0090] In this embodiment, the ratio of the number of turns in the charging transmitting coil 4 to the number of turns in the receiving coil 220 ranges from 1:2 to 1:5. Within this range, the receiving coil 220 has more turns than the charging transmitting coil 4. The receiving coil 220 can induce an electromotive force higher than the input voltage of the charging transmitting coil 4 in the same alternating magnetic field. After rectification, this electromotive force can directly meet the charging voltage requirements of the vehicle 200's power battery pack, eliminating the need for an additional boost converter circuit at the receiving end. This simplifies the circuit structure at the receiving end and correspondingly reduces losses during energy conversion. By setting a turns ratio of 1:2 to 1:5, this application enables a wireless power transmission system between the on-board photovoltaic module 100 and the receiving coil 220 inside the vehicle 200 to balance voltage matching, transmission efficiency, and thermal management performance.

[0091] Optionally, the ratio of the number of turns of the charging transmitting coil 4 to the number of turns of the receiving coil 220 is 1:3.

[0092] Optionally, in some embodiments, the distance between the charging transmitting coil 4 and the receiving coil 220 along the relative direction of the charging transmitting coil 4 and the receiving coil 220 is 5 mm to 30 mm.

[0093] In this embodiment, the distance between the charging transmitting coil 4 and the receiving coil 220 along the relative direction is 5mm to 30mm. The relative direction refers to the direction from the charging transmitting coil 4 to the receiving coil 220. The charging transmitting coil 4 is disposed inside the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module 100, and the receiving coil 220 is disposed inside the vehicle body 210. The charging transmitting coil 4 and the receiving coil 220 are separated by the outer surface panel of the vehicle body 210 and the adhesive fixing layer 9. When the distance is 5mm to 30mm, the alternating electromagnetic field generated by the charging transmitting coil 4 maintains sufficient magnetic field strength when it reaches the position of the receiving coil 220, enabling the receiving coil 220 to induce an electromotive force sufficient for charging, thus ensuring the efficiency of wireless power transmission. Meanwhile, the 5mm to 30mm spacing range covers the sum of the outer shell thickness and the adhesive fixing layer 9 thickness of a common vehicle body 210, so that the actual distance between the charging transmitting coil 4 and the receiving coil 220 after the vehicle photovoltaic module 100 is installed on the outer surface of the vehicle body 210 is within the range of suitable magnetic coupling transmission, without the need for additional modifications to the structure of the vehicle body 210.

[0094] Optionally, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the vehicle 200 also includes an energy storage device 230, which is located inside the vehicle body. One end of the energy storage device 230 is connected to the output end of the junction box assembly 6, thereby storing the electrical energy generated by the on-board photovoltaic module 100 for use by the vehicle 200.

[0095] In one specific application, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module of this application integrates a wireless charging transmitting coil module with the module through lamination. In the lamination process, the laminated structure, from bottom to top, consists of a photovoltaic backsheet, a polymer film, solar cells and a wireless charging transmitting coil module, another polymer film, a photovoltaic panel, and a junction box assembly. The solar cells and the wireless charging transmitting coil module are laid on the same layer, and multiple sets of wireless charging transmitting coil modules can be integrated within the same vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module. To precisely limit the positioning of each transmitting coil, ensure accurate positioning of all coils after lamination, and ensure that the coils remain parallel to the in-vehicle receiver after encapsulation to improve electromagnetic coupling uniformity, a positioning method combining physical positioning and visual assistance is adopted.

[0096] In practical operation, the curved photovoltaic backsheet is placed on the bottom curved mold body. The surface of the backsheet is silkscreened with coil alignment lines. After applying the adhesive film, the wireless charging coil assembly is aligned with the silkscreened position on the backsheet and pre-fixed. Then, the upper adhesive film and glass panel are applied in sequence, the contoured fixture is covered and locked, and the entire fixture along with the assembly is sent into the laminator to complete the lamination. The wireless transmission principle is that the DC power generated by the vehicle photovoltaic module is converted into AC power by an AC-DC converter and frequency converter, and then supplied to the transmitting coil. The transmitting coil transfers energy to the receiving coil in the form of AC electromagnetic field. The AC power output by the receiving coil is converted into DC power by a rectifier circuit and then supplied for storage or use. The wireless charging transmitting coil is made of copper, with coil size ranging from 50mm×50mm to 100mm×100mm. The wire type is multi-strand Litz wire, with 10 to 30 turns. The turns ratio of the transmitting coil to the receiving coil is 1:3, the operating frequency is 100kHz to 300kHz, and the coupling distance is 5mm to 30mm.

[0097] In this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined. The terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "linking" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0098] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0099] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Panel layer; A back panel layer is disposed opposite to the front panel layer; A battery layer is disposed between the panel layer and the backsheet layer, and the battery layer includes at least two battery cells connected in series; A charging transmitter coil is disposed between the panel layer and the backplate layer; A current conversion circuit is used to convert the electrical energy generated by the battery cell into alternating current, which is then supplied to the charging transmitter coil. The charging transmitter coil is electrically connected to the battery layer through the current conversion circuit. The battery cells and the charging and transmitting coil are spaced apart between the panel layer and the backsheet layer.

2. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of charging transmitting coils is multiple sets, and the multiple sets of charging transmitting coils are located in different areas between the panel layer and the back plate layer; Each of the multiple sets of charging and transmitting coils includes a lead-out terminal, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the current conversion circuit.

3. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of charging transmitter coils is two sets, and the two sets of charging transmitter coils are respectively located on opposite sides along the length direction of the battery layer.

4. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The backplate layer has at least one positioning line on the side facing the panel layer. The number of positioning lines is the same as the number of charging and transmitting coils, and the center line of the charging and transmitting coil is aligned with the position of the positioning line.

5. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module also includes: A junction box assembly is disposed on the side of the back panel layer facing away from the panel layer or on the side of the vehicle photovoltaic module. The junction box assembly has a circuit board inside, and the current conversion circuit is integrated on the circuit board.

6. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging and transmitting coil is a planar wound coil, and the charging and transmitting coil has 10 to 30 turns of wire continuously arranged along the winding direction.

7. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In a projection plane parallel to the panel layer, the orthographic projection of the charging transmitting coil includes a first maximum size and a second maximum size that are perpendicular to each other. The first maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm, and the second maximum size is greater than or equal to 50 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm.

8. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency of the alternating current output by the current conversion circuit to the charging transmitting coil is greater than or equal to 100kHz and less than or equal to 300kHz.

9. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The panel layer is a curved glass layer, the back plate layer is a curved back plate layer, and the curved glass layer and the curved back plate layer are laminated to form a hyperbolic shape, which has curvature in two mutually orthogonal directions.

10. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module also includes: A first adhesive film layer is disposed between the panel layer and the battery layer, and between the panel layer and the charging and transmitting coil; The second adhesive film layer is disposed between the battery layer and the backsheet layer, and between the charging and transmitting coil and the backsheet layer; An adhesive fixing layer is provided on the side of the back panel layer facing away from the panel layer, and is used to fix the vehicle photovoltaic module.

11. A method for manufacturing a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The method for preparing a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 includes: Place the backplate layer on the curved mold; A second adhesive film layer is applied onto the backing layer; A charging and transmitting coil is laid on the second adhesive film layer, and the charging and transmitting coil is positioned on the positioning line on the back plate layer; A battery layer is laid on the second adhesive film layer, such that the battery layer is arranged side by side with the charging and transmitting coil. Electrical connection is achieved by welding the lead-out end of the battery cell to the lead-out end of the charging and transmitting coil through a busbar; A first adhesive film layer is applied to the battery layer and the charging and transmitting coil; A panel layer is applied over the first adhesive film layer; The backsheet layer, the second adhesive film layer, the battery layer, the charging and transmitting coil, the first adhesive film layer, and the panel layer are laminated to obtain the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module.

12. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The vehicle body and the receiving coil; and The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 10; The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module is installed on the outer surface of the vehicle body, and the receiving coil is located inside the vehicle body.

13. The vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that, The ratio of the number of turns of the charging transmitting coil to the number of turns of the receiving coil ranges from 1:2 to 1:

5.

14. The vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that, Along the relative directions of the charging transmitting coil and the receiving coil, the distance between the charging transmitting coil and the receiving coil is 5mm to 30mm.

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