Photovoltaic panel temperature regulation structure, photovoltaic device and regulation method

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic panel temperature regulation structure, a photovoltaic device and a regulation method, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and comprises: a radiation cooling layer arranged on the side, away from a light conversion surface, of a photovoltaic panel, used for reflecting sunlight; the side, close to the photovoltaic panel, of the radiation cooling layer forms a first cavity, and the side, away from the photovoltaic panel, of the radiation cooling layer forms a second cavity; a phase change driving unit connected to the radiation cooling layer and capable of expanding or recovering according to the temperature of the photovoltaic panel, so as to drive the radiation cooling layer to be close to or away from the photovoltaic panel; and a liquid metal matrix layer arranged in the first cavity and the second cavity, capable of penetrating through the radiation cooling layer and absorbing the heat of the sunlight, and capable of optimizing the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel in both winter and summer, so as to improve the annual power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure, photovoltaic device, and control method. Background Technology

[0002] The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules is extremely sensitive to temperature. In the high-temperature environment of summer, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is too high, which will lead to a decrease in the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In the low-temperature environment of winter, the photovoltaic surface is prone to frost and snow accumulation, which not only blocks sunlight and reduces power generation efficiency, but may also damage the module structure due to freeze-thaw cycles, leading to power generation interruption.

[0003] However, existing photovoltaic modules have low power generation efficiency in high or low temperature environments. Therefore, it is necessary to design a photovoltaic device that can adjust the temperature of the photovoltaic panel according to the ambient temperature in order to improve power generation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure that can optimize the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel in both winter and summer, thereby improving the annual power generation.

[0005] The present invention also proposes a photovoltaic device having the above-mentioned photovoltaic panel temperature control structure.

[0006] The present invention also proposes a control method for the above-mentioned photovoltaic panel temperature control structure.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided, wherein the photovoltaic panel is provided with a light conversion surface, the light conversion surface being positioned to face sunlight, and the control structure includes: A radiative cooling layer is disposed on the side of the photovoltaic panel away from the light conversion surface for reflecting sunlight. The side of the radiative cooling layer close to the photovoltaic panel forms a first cavity, and the side of the radiative cooling layer away from the photovoltaic panel forms a second cavity. A phase change driving unit is connected to the radiative cooling layer and can expand or recover according to the temperature of the photovoltaic panel to drive the radiative cooling layer closer to or away from the photovoltaic panel; A liquid metal substrate layer is disposed in the first cavity and the second cavity, which can permeate through the radiative cooling layer and absorb the heat of sunlight. When the radiative cooling layer is close to the photovoltaic panel, the radiative cooling layer can squeeze the liquid metal substrate layer from the first cavity to the second cavity. When the radiative cooling layer is far away from the photovoltaic panel, the radiative cooling layer can squeeze the liquid metal substrate layer from the second cavity to the first cavity.

[0008] A photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention incorporates a phase change driving unit. Heat from the photovoltaic panel is conducted to the phase change driving unit, which expands or recovers spontaneously based on the photovoltaic panel's temperature. This causes the radiative cooling layer to move closer to or away from the photovoltaic panel, while simultaneously driving the liquid metal substrate layer to migrate between the first and second cavities. At high temperatures, the radiative cooling layer moves closer to the photovoltaic panel, squeezing the liquid metal substrate layer away from the photovoltaic panel. The radiative cooling layer then reflects sunlight to cool the photovoltaic panel. At low temperatures, the radiative cooling layer moves away from the photovoltaic panel, and the liquid metal substrate layer returns to the side closer to the photovoltaic panel. The high solar absorption characteristics of the liquid metal substrate layer enable active heating, thus achieving autonomous switching between cooling and heating modes without the need for an external energy source or control system.

[0009] 2. By setting up a radiative cooling layer, the phase change driving unit spontaneously expands in the high-temperature environment of summer, driving the radiative cooling layer closer to the photovoltaic panel. The radiative cooling layer becomes the main spectral modulation interface, which can reflect sunlight, thereby reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic panel and suppressing the degradation of photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency caused by high temperature.

[0010] 3. By setting a liquid metal substrate layer, the phase change driving unit spontaneously recovers in low-temperature winter environments, driving the radiative cooling layer away from the photovoltaic panel. The liquid metal substrate layer is located on the side of the radiative cooling layer closer to the photovoltaic panel. The liquid metal substrate layer absorbs sunlight and raises the temperature of the photovoltaic panel through heat transfer, solving the problem of frost and snow accumulation and improving power generation efficiency.

[0011] 4. This invention integrates the radiation cooling layer, liquid metal substrate layer and phase change driving unit on the back of the photovoltaic panel, without changing the original installation method of the photovoltaic module, without increasing the additional floor space, and facilitates the transformation and upgrading of existing photovoltaic systems. The entire temperature control process relies entirely on the temperature-driven phase change and deformation mechanism, without any power input, resulting in extremely low operating costs and reduced carbon emissions.

[0012] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided, wherein the phase change driving unit includes an elastomer and a phase change material, the elastomer is disposed on the side of the radiative cooling layer away from the photovoltaic panel, a sealed cavity is provided inside the elastomer, the elastomer contains the phase change material through the sealed cavity, and the phase change material is configured to: be able to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel rises to a first threshold temperature, and be able to change from a gaseous state to a liquid state when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel drops to a second threshold temperature.

[0013] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided, wherein four phase change driving units are provided, and the four phase change driving units are respectively arranged at the four corners of the radiative cooling layer.

[0014] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided, wherein the radiative cooling layer has a porous structure, and the liquid metal substrate layer can permeate through the radiative cooling layer through the porous structure.

[0015] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided, wherein the radiative cooling layer is configured to emit heat from the photovoltaic panel to the outside via an 8-13 μm wavelength band; and / or, the radiative cooling layer is made of one of a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a polyimide-based film, or a silica-modified film.

[0016] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure further includes an encapsulation layer disposed between the radiative cooling layer and the photovoltaic panel. The encapsulation layer is used to separate the liquid metal substrate layer and the photovoltaic panel, and forms a first cavity between the encapsulation layer and the radiative cooling layer.

[0017] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided, wherein the encapsulation layer is a transparent film, and the transparent film is configured to allow sunlight to pass through in the 8-13μm wavelength band.

[0018] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided, wherein the liquid metal substrate layer is made of gallium-based alloy material or gallium-based alloy material with nanoparticles; and / or, the liquid metal substrate layer is configured to absorb heat from the photovoltaic panel through the 8-13μm wavelength band.

[0019] A photovoltaic device according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a main body, a photovoltaic panel disposed on the main body, and a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure as described in any one of the above.

[0020] A photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By incorporating this temperature regulation structure into a photovoltaic device, the present invention can maintain high power generation efficiency in both high summer temperatures and low winter temperatures, solving the problems of high-temperature degradation and low-temperature shutdown of photovoltaic devices, and achieving stable and efficient power generation throughout the year.

[0021] 2. The control structure of the present invention can be used as an independent functional module, which can be directly integrated into a newly built photovoltaic device or installed on the back of an existing photovoltaic device without requiring major modifications to the main structure of the photovoltaic device, and has strong adaptability.

[0022] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a control method is applied to a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure described in any one of the above claims, the control method comprising the steps of: Based on different climate and regional needs, a first temperature range is set for the photovoltaic panel to enter the cooling mode, and a second temperature range is set for the photovoltaic panel to enter the heating mode. The size and performance parameters of the phase change drive unit are set according to the first temperature range and the second temperature range; When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel enters the first temperature range, the phase change driving unit expands to move the radiative cooling layer closer to the photovoltaic panel, so that the radiative cooling layer reflects sunlight. When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel enters the second temperature range, the phase change driving unit resumes its original state to move the radiative cooling layer away from the photovoltaic panel, so that the liquid metal substrate layer absorbs heat.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a control method has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, by setting different temperature switching thresholds according to different climates and regional needs, enables the same control structure to be adapted to photovoltaic power plants in different climate zones such as tropical, temperate, and frigid zones, significantly improving the universality of the technical solution. 2. By setting the size and performance parameters of the phase change drive unit, this invention can precisely control the start-up temperature and response speed of the cooling mode and heating mode, thereby achieving a customized temperature management solution.

[0024] 3. The temperature detection, mode judgment, and action execution of this invention are autonomously completed by the physical properties of the material, without the need for sensors, controllers, and external power supplies, which greatly reduces energy consumption.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure and a photovoltaic device cooling mode is shown. Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure and a photovoltaic device heating mode. Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a temperature control method for a photovoltaic panel is shown. Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is a test schematic of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure. Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the summer temperature reduction effect of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure is provided. Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the effect of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure on improving summer power generation; Figure 8 for Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the temperature drop effect during the transition season of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure. Figure 9 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the effect of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure on improving power generation during the transition season is provided. Figure 10 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the winter temperature control effect of a photovoltaic panel temperature regulation structure is shown. Figure 11 for Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the effect of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure on increasing power generation during winter.

[0028] Reference numerals: 100-Photovoltaic panel, 110-Radiation cooling layer, 120-Phase change drive unit, 130-Liquid metal substrate layer, 140-First cavity, 150-Second cavity, 160-Elastomer, 170-Phase change material, 180-Encapsulation layer, 190-Main body. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. If "first" and "second" are mentioned, this is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation, connection, and linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure, photovoltaic device, and control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] The present invention aims to provide an embodiment of a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure, a photovoltaic device, and a control method.

[0035] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic panel 100 is provided with a light conversion surface, which is used to face the sunlight.

[0036] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 A photovoltaic panel 100 temperature control structure mainly includes a radiation cooling layer 110, a phase change driving unit 120, and a liquid metal substrate layer 130.

[0037] It is understood that this embodiment integrates the radiative cooling layer 110, the liquid metal substrate layer 130, and the phase change driving unit 120 on the back of the photovoltaic panel 100, without changing the original installation method of the photovoltaic module, without increasing the additional floor space, and facilitates the transformation and upgrading of existing photovoltaic systems. The entire temperature control process relies entirely on the temperature-driven phase change and deformation mechanism, requires no power input, has low operating costs, and reduces carbon emissions.

[0038] For the radiative cooling layer 110, refer to Figure 2and Figure 3 The radiation cooling layer 110 is disposed on the side of the photovoltaic panel 100 away from the light conversion surface and is used to reflect sunlight. The side of the radiation cooling layer 110 close to the photovoltaic panel 100 forms a first cavity 140, and the side of the radiation cooling layer 110 away from the photovoltaic panel 100 forms a second cavity 150.

[0039] It is understood that by setting up a radiative cooling layer 110 in this embodiment, the phase change driving unit 120 expands spontaneously in the high temperature environment of summer, driving the radiative cooling layer 110 to approach the photovoltaic panel 100. The radiative cooling layer 110 becomes the main spectral modulation interface, which can reflect sunlight, thereby reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 and suppressing the degradation of the photovoltaic panel 100's power generation efficiency caused by high temperature.

[0040] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the radiation cooling layer 110 has a porous structure, and the liquid metal substrate layer 130 can permeate through the radiation cooling layer 110 through the porous structure.

[0041] Understandably, the porous structure provides a channel for the liquid metal to pass through the radiation cooling layer 110, allowing the liquid metal substrate layer 130 to flow freely between the first cavity 140 and the second cavity 150. This is the structural basis for realizing the extrusion and retraction functions of the liquid metal substrate layer 130.

[0042] In addition, by integrating the migration channels of the liquid metal substrate layer 130 into the porous structure of the radiative cooling layer 110 itself, the need for additional pipes or valves is eliminated, simplifying the overall structure and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0043] The porous structure ensures that the liquid metal substrate layer 130 is evenly distributed when passing through the radiation cooling layer 110, avoiding local accumulation or residue, reducing the liquid metal coverage on the surface of the radiation cooling layer 110 in cooling mode, and fully exposing the liquid metal in heating mode, thereby achieving the switching of spectral characteristics.

[0044] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the radiative cooling layer 110 is configured to emit heat from the photovoltaic panel 100 to the outside via an 8-13 μm wavelength.

[0045] Understandably, the 8-13μm band is known as the atmospheric window, where thermal radiation emitted by objects on the Earth's surface can penetrate the atmosphere and dissipate directly into the cold outer space. The radiative cooling layer 110 has high emissivity in this band, which can efficiently radiate the heat from the photovoltaic panel 100 to the external environment, achieving passive cooling without energy consumption.

[0046] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the radiation cooling layer 110 is made of one of polyvinylidene fluoride film, polyimide-based film or silica-modified film.

[0047] The aforementioned thin film material has high reflectivity in the solar spectrum band, which can reflect most of the sunlight back, reduce the absorption of solar radiation heat by the photovoltaic panel 100, and reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 from the source.

[0048] Moreover, polyvinylidene fluoride film, polyimide-based film, and silica-modified film are all mature commercial or industrially prepared materials with controllable costs, facilitating large-scale production and application.

[0049] For phase change drive unit 120, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The phase change drive unit 120 is connected to the radiative cooling layer 110 and can expand or recover according to the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100, so as to drive the radiative cooling layer 110 to move closer to or away from the photovoltaic panel 100.

[0050] It is understood that in this embodiment, by setting up a phase change driving unit 120, the heat from the photovoltaic panel 100 is conducted to the phase change driving unit 120. The phase change driving unit 120 expands or recovers spontaneously according to the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100, causing the radiative cooling layer 110 to move closer to or away from the photovoltaic panel 100. At the same time, it drives the liquid metal substrate layer 130 to migrate between the first cavity 140 and the second cavity 150. At high temperatures, the radiative cooling layer 110 moves closer to the photovoltaic panel 100, squeezing the liquid metal substrate layer to the side away from the photovoltaic panel 100. The radiative cooling layer 110 plays the role of reflecting sunlight to cool the photovoltaic panel 100. At low temperatures, the radiative cooling layer 110 moves away from the photovoltaic panel 100, and the liquid metal substrate layer 130 returns to the side closer to the photovoltaic panel 100. The high solar absorption characteristics of the liquid metal substrate layer 130 are used to achieve active heating, thus realizing the autonomous switching between cooling mode and heating mode without the need for external energy and control system.

[0051] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The phase change drive unit 120 includes an elastomer 160 and a phase change material 170. The elastomer 160 is disposed on the side of the radiative cooling layer 110 away from the photovoltaic panel 100. A sealed cavity is provided inside the elastomer 160, and the phase change material 170 is contained in the sealed cavity. The phase change material 170 is configured to be able to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 rises to a first threshold temperature, and to be able to change from a gaseous state to a liquid state when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 drops to a second threshold temperature.

[0052] It is understandable that by utilizing the liquid-gas phase change characteristics of phase change material 170 at a specific temperature, the driving action can be triggered at a preset temperature threshold to achieve precise temperature response. By selecting phase change materials 170 with different boiling points or adjusting the pressure of the sealed chamber, the switching temperature can be flexibly set at different thresholds to adapt to the needs of photovoltaic modules in different climate regions.

[0053] It should be noted that during the phase change material 170's transition from liquid to gas phase, the elastomer 160 undergoes a significant volume change. The phase change driving unit 120 can generate sufficient expansion force to drive the elastomer 160 to undergo large deformation, ensuring that the radiative cooling layer 110 can reliably approach the photovoltaic panel 100 at high temperatures and extrude the liquid metal substrate layer 130. Simultaneously, after the phase change material 170 transitions from gas to liquid phase, the elastomer 160 contracts in volume, and the elastomer 160 recovers its original shape through its own elasticity, achieving reversible cycling.

[0054] Moreover, the phase change material 170 is sealed in a sealed cavity inside the elastomer 160, which prevents the phase change material 170 from volatilizing and being lost or contaminating other components, thus ensuring the reliable operation of the control structure throughout the entire life cycle of the photovoltaic module.

[0055] In addition, compared to mechanical adjustment schemes that rely on motors, sensors, and controllers, the phase change drive unit 120 is a low-friction and wear component with a low failure rate and extremely low maintenance costs.

[0056] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, four phase change driving units 120 are provided, and the four phase change driving units 120 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the radiation cooling layer 110.

[0057] Understandably, the four phase change drive units 120 are symmetrically arranged at the four corners of the radiative cooling layer 110, so that the radiative cooling layer 110 is subjected to balanced forces as it approaches or moves away from the photovoltaic panel 100, avoiding problems such as skewing, jamming or sealing failure caused by single-point drive, and ensuring smooth and reliable switching action.

[0058] The simultaneous expansion or contraction of the four units provides greater total driving force, shortens the response time of mode switching, and enables the photovoltaic panel 100 to adapt to sudden changes in ambient temperature more quickly.

[0059] In this embodiment, each phase change driving unit 120 is composed of 5% by mass of isopropanol encapsulated in silicone elastomer 160.

[0060] Depending on the design requirements, the phase change drive unit 120 can be designed as a strip, dot matrix, honeycomb, ring, or other array distributed in the radiation cooling layer 110.

[0061] Elastomer 160 can also be made of weather-resistant flexible materials such as polyurethane and fluororubber, and its Shore hardness can be adjusted in the range of 20-60A to meet different deformation force requirements.

[0062] For the liquid metal substrate layer 130, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The liquid metal substrate layer 130 is disposed in the first cavity 140 and the second cavity 150, and can penetrate through the radiative cooling layer 110 and absorb the heat of sunlight. When the radiative cooling layer 110 is close to the photovoltaic panel 100, the radiative cooling layer 110 can squeeze the liquid metal substrate layer 130 from the first cavity 140 to the second cavity 150. When the radiative cooling layer 110 is far away from the photovoltaic panel 100, the radiative cooling layer 110 can squeeze the liquid metal substrate layer 130 from the second cavity 150 to the first cavity 140.

[0063] It is understood that, in this embodiment, by setting a liquid metal substrate layer 130, the phase change driving unit 120 spontaneously recovers in the low-temperature environment of winter, driving the radiative cooling layer 110 away from the photovoltaic panel 100. The liquid metal substrate layer 130 is located on the side of the radiative cooling layer 110 close to the photovoltaic panel 100. The liquid metal substrate layer 130 absorbs sunlight and raises the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 through heat transfer, solving the problem of frost and snow accumulation and improving power generation efficiency.

[0064] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the liquid metal substrate layer 130 is made of gallium-based alloy material or gallium-based alloy material with nanoparticles.

[0065] Understandably, gallium-based liquid metal has a high absorption rate in the solar spectrum and can efficiently absorb sunlight in heating mode, converting light energy into heat energy and transferring it to the photovoltaic panel 100 to achieve active heating, defrosting, and snow removal.

[0066] Specifically, gallium-based liquid metals can be materials such as gallium-indium alloys or gallium-indium-tin alloys.

[0067] Gallium-based liquid metals can have their solar absorption characteristics optimized or their thermal properties adjusted by adding nanoparticles such as copper and aluminum, thus meeting performance requirements under different operating conditions.

[0068] In this embodiment, the liquid metal substrate layer 130 is made of gallium indium tin liquid metal with a phase transition temperature of 47°C, a solar absorptivity of 0.88, and a mid-infrared emissivity of 0.30 in the 8-13μm band, which gives the liquid metal substrate layer 130 high solar absorptivity and low mid-infrared emissivity.

[0069] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the liquid metal substrate layer 130 is configured to absorb heat from the photovoltaic panel 100 via the 8-13 μm wavelength band.

[0070] Gallium-based liquid metal has low emissivity in the 8-13μm atmospheric window band, which can effectively suppress the radiative loss of heat from photovoltaic panels to the external environment and play a role in heat preservation in winter.

[0071] Liquid metal has a much higher thermal conductivity than traditional fluids such as water and air, which can quickly and evenly conduct the absorbed solar heat to the back of the photovoltaic panel 100, improving heating efficiency.

[0072] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It also includes an encapsulation layer 180, which is disposed between the radiative cooling layer 110 and the photovoltaic panel 100. The encapsulation layer 180 is used to separate the liquid metal substrate layer 130 and the photovoltaic panel 100, and forms a first cavity 140 between it and the radiative cooling layer 110.

[0073] Understandably, the encapsulation layer 180 acts as a physical barrier, separating the liquid metal substrate layer 130 from the back of the photovoltaic panel 100, thus preventing corrosion or electrochemical pollution that may be caused by direct contact between the liquid metal substrate layer 130 and the photovoltaic panel 100, and protecting the long-term stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0074] The encapsulation layer 180 is in close contact with the back of the photovoltaic panel 100 and has good thermal conductivity. It can efficiently conduct the heat of the photovoltaic panel 100 to the liquid metal substrate layer 130 or the radiation cooling layer 110, ensuring that the temperature signal is transmitted to the phase change drive unit 120 in a timely manner and improving the control response speed.

[0075] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the encapsulation layer 180 is a transparent film, which is configured to allow sunlight to pass through in the 8-13 μm band.

[0076] Understandably, the transparent encapsulation layer 180 allows thermal radiation in the 8-13μm band to pass through, so that the heat of the photovoltaic panel 100 can pass through the encapsulation layer 180 to reach the radiative cooling layer 110, and then be emitted to the external environment through the radiative cooling layer 110, without the radiative cooling effect being weakened by the obstruction of the encapsulation layer 180.

[0077] In heating mode, sunlight can pass through the transparent encapsulation layer 180 and be absorbed by the liquid metal substrate layer 130, giving full play to the high solar absorption rate of liquid metal and achieving effective heating of the photovoltaic panel 100.

[0078] While maintaining transparency, the encapsulation layer 180 also provides physical isolation and protection, achieving a synergy between light transmission and protection.

[0079] In this embodiment, the encapsulation layer 180 is a 100μm thick transparent polyethylene film with a solar reflectivity of 0.92 and an infrared emissivity of 0.94 in the 8-13μm band.

[0080] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: When the surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 is at a high temperature, the phase change material changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase. The volume expansion of the phase change driving unit 120 drives the deformation of the organosilicon elastomer 160, which in turn lifts the radiative cooling layer 110 to adhere to the encapsulation layer 180. At the same time, the liquid metal substrate layer 130 is squeezed from the upper layer of the radiative cooling layer 110 to the lower layer of the radiative cooling layer 110, making the radiative cooling layer 110 the main spectral modulation interface. The photovoltaic panel 100 enters the cooling mode. The radiative cooling layer 110 reflects 92% of sunlight and emits heat through the 8-13μm wavelength band. The photovoltaic panel 100 is cooled down. When the surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 is at a low temperature, the phase change material 170 changes from a gas phase to a liquid phase. The volume of the phase change driving unit 120 shrinks, and the elastomer 160 rebounds, squeezing the liquid metal substrate layer 130 from the lower layer of the radiation cooling layer 110 to the upper layer of the radiation cooling layer 110. The liquid metal substrate layer 130 is exposed under the transparent encapsulation layer 180, and the photovoltaic panel 100 enters the heating mode. The liquid metal substrate layer 130 absorbs sunlight and uses the low infrared emissivity of the liquid metal substrate layer 130 to suppress heat loss, thereby raising the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100.

[0081] This embodiment also proposes a photovoltaic device, including a main body 190, a photovoltaic panel 100 disposed on the main body 190, and the above-described photovoltaic panel 100 temperature control structure.

[0082] It is understood that by setting up a photovoltaic device that integrates this temperature regulation structure, this embodiment can maintain high power generation efficiency in both high summer temperatures and low winter temperatures, solving the problems of high temperature degradation and low temperature shutdown of photovoltaic devices, and achieving stable and efficient power generation throughout the year.

[0083] Moreover, the control structure of this embodiment can be used as an independent functional module, which can be directly integrated into a newly built photovoltaic device or installed on the back of an existing photovoltaic device without requiring major modifications to the main structure of the photovoltaic device, thus exhibiting strong adaptability.

[0084] In some embodiments, the body 190 has a thermally conductive substrate, which enables efficient heat conduction between the temperature control structure and the photovoltaic panel 100.

[0085] Reference Figure 4 This embodiment also proposes a temperature control method for a photovoltaic panel 100 applied to the above-mentioned temperature control structure, including the following steps: Step S100: Based on different climate and regional needs, set a first temperature range for the photovoltaic panel 100 to enter the cooling mode, and set a second temperature range for the photovoltaic panel 100 to enter the heating mode.

[0086] Step S200: Set the size and performance parameters of the phase change drive unit 120 according to the first temperature range and the second temperature range.

[0087] It should be noted that by modifying the performance parameters of the phase change material 170 of the phase change drive unit 120, such as the type of phase change material 170, the composition ratio of the phase change material 170, the filling amount, the sealing cavity pressure, and the stiffness of the elastomer 160, or by modifying the volume of the sealing cavity of the elastomer 160 of the phase change drive unit 120, for example by adjusting the switching temperature threshold to 15 to 30°C (cooling start) and -5 to 10°C (heating start), the volume of the phase change drive unit 120 changes in the first temperature range and the second temperature range, so that the photovoltaic panel 100 can adapt to the temperature management requirements of different climates and regions, and achieve the adjustment of the switching temperature threshold.

[0088] In step S300, when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 enters the first temperature range, the phase change driving unit 120 expands to drive the radiative cooling layer 110 closer to the photovoltaic panel 100, so that the radiative cooling layer 110 reflects sunlight.

[0089] In step S400, when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 100 enters the second temperature range, the phase change driving unit 120 is restored to drive the radiation cooling layer 110 away from the photovoltaic panel 100, so that the liquid metal substrate layer 130 absorbs heat.

[0090] It is understood that by setting different temperature switching thresholds according to different climates and regional needs, this embodiment can make the same control structure adaptable to photovoltaic power stations in different climate regions such as tropical, temperate and frigid zones, greatly improving the universality of the technical solution.

[0091] This embodiment can precisely control the start-up temperature and response speed of cooling mode and heating mode by setting the size and performance parameters of the phase change drive unit 120, thereby realizing a customized temperature management solution.

[0092] In this embodiment, temperature detection, mode determination, and action execution are autonomously accomplished by the physical properties of the material, eliminating the need for sensors, controllers, and external power supplies, thus greatly reducing energy consumption.

[0093] In this embodiment, photovoltaic temperature and power generation tests were conducted in a preset area: During the high-temperature period in summer, the control structure of this embodiment reduced the photovoltaic backsheet temperature by 6.2°C and increased the power generation efficiency by 2.9%; during the low-temperature period in winter, the backsheet temperature increased by 3.8°C and the power generation efficiency increased by 1.6%.

[0094] By constructing three photovoltaic devices with different structures, such as Figure 5 Field outdoor tests were conducted in the same pre-designed region during both summer and winter.

[0095] The test group is configured as follows: (1) Pure photovoltaic modules without any thermal management measures; (2) A photovoltaic module equipped with an independent porous radiation-cooling thin film; (3) A photovoltaic module with an integrated liquid metal substrate layer 130 coupled with a radiation cooling thin film structure.

[0096] During the experiment, the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module, ambient temperature, solar irradiance (recorded every 10 minutes), and electrical output performance parameters were continuously monitored. By comparing the three sets of data, the thermal management benefits and power generation performance improvement effect brought by the adaptive temperature regulation structure were systematically evaluated.

[0097] Experimental results show that when the ambient temperature reaches 33℃ and the peak solar irradiance is 850W... m - When ², refer to Figure 6 The temperature control structure in this embodiment can reduce the photovoltaic module temperature from 64.4℃ to 57.2℃, a reduction of 6.2℃. Based on this efficient thermal management effect, referring to... Figure 7 In summer, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency increased from 20.1% to 20.7%, the power generation efficiency increased by 2.9%, and the daily power generation increased by 2.1%. (Refer to...) Figure 8-9 Even during the transitional season when the ambient temperature is around 22°C, the temperature regulation structure in this embodiment can still reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module from 46.1°C to 41.2°C, increasing power generation by 1.9%, proving that it still has stable cooling capacity under mild climatic conditions.

[0098] Under extreme winter conditions of -22℃, refer to Figure 10 The temperature regulation structure in this embodiment, relying on its own heat storage and spectral modulation mechanism, can increase the temperature of the photovoltaic module by 4.1℃ at night (from -20.1℃ to -16.2℃); the daytime solar irradiance is approximately 550W. m - At 2°C, the adaptive temperature control structure can still provide cooling, reducing the photovoltaic module temperature by 3.8°C. (Refer to...) Figure 11 By suppressing frost accumulation and optimizing radiative heat balance in frigid environments, the adaptive temperature control structure increases photovoltaic conversion efficiency from 20.2% to 20.6%, resulting in a 1.6% increase in total power generation.

[0099] In summary, the adaptive temperature-regulating composite structure can achieve the dual functions of high-temperature efficient cooling and active heating in extreme cold, which can both mitigate the adverse effects of frost and snow accumulation on photovoltaic systems and continuously improve power generation performance. This result fully demonstrates that the liquid metal substrate layer 130-coupled radiative cooling thin film has significant engineering application potential in the field of year-round thermal management of photovoltaic systems.

[0100] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment, some embodiments, illustrative embodiments, example, specific example, or examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0101] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel temperature control structure, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel (100) is provided with a light conversion surface, which is used to face sunlight. The control structure includes: A radiation cooling layer (110) is disposed on the side of the photovoltaic panel (100) away from the light conversion surface for reflecting sunlight. The side of the radiation cooling layer (110) close to the photovoltaic panel (100) forms a first cavity (140), and the side of the radiation cooling layer (110) away from the photovoltaic panel (100) forms a second cavity (150). A phase change drive unit (120) is connected to the radiative cooling layer (110) and can expand or recover according to the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (100) to drive the radiative cooling layer (110) to move closer to or away from the photovoltaic panel (100). A liquid metal substrate layer (130) is disposed in the first cavity (140) and the second cavity (150). It can permeate through the radiative cooling layer (110) and absorb the heat of sunlight. When the radiative cooling layer (110) is close to the photovoltaic panel (100), the radiative cooling layer (110) can squeeze the liquid metal substrate layer (130) from the first cavity (140) to the second cavity (150). When the radiative cooling layer (110) is far away from the photovoltaic panel (100), the radiative cooling layer (110) can squeeze the liquid metal substrate layer (130) from the second cavity (150) to the first cavity (140).

2. The photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change driving unit (120) includes an elastomer (160) and a phase change material (170). The elastomer (160) is disposed on the side of the radiative cooling layer (110) away from the photovoltaic panel (100). A sealed cavity is provided inside the elastomer (160), and the phase change material (170) is accommodated through the sealed cavity. The phase change material (170) is configured as follows: When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (100) rises to the first threshold temperature, it can change from a liquid state to a gaseous state. When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (100) drops to the second threshold temperature, it can change from a gaseous state to a liquid state.

3. The photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Four phase change driving units (120) are provided, and the four phase change driving units (120) are respectively arranged at the four corners of the radiation cooling layer (110).

4. The photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation cooling layer (110) has a porous structure, and the liquid metal substrate layer (130) can permeate through the radiation cooling layer (110) through the porous structure.

5. The photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation cooling layer (110) is configured to emit heat from the photovoltaic panel (100) to the outside via the 8-13 μm wavelength band; And / or, the radiation cooling layer (110) is made of one of polyvinylidene fluoride film, polyimide-based film or silica-modified film.

6. The photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an encapsulation layer (180) disposed between the radiative cooling layer (110) and the photovoltaic panel (100). The encapsulation layer (180) is used to separate the liquid metal substrate layer (130) and the photovoltaic panel (100) and forms the first cavity (140) between it and the radiative cooling layer (110).

7. A photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The encapsulation layer (180) is a transparent film configured to allow sunlight to pass through in the 8-13 μm wavelength band.

8. The photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid metal substrate layer (130) is made of gallium-based alloy material or gallium-based alloy material with nanoparticles; And / or, the liquid metal substrate layer (130) is configured to absorb heat from the photovoltaic panel (100) via the 8-13 μm wavelength band.

9. A photovoltaic device, characterized in that, It includes a main body (190), a photovoltaic panel (100) disposed on the main body (190), and a photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A control method, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel temperature control structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the control method, includes the following steps: According to different climate and regional needs, a first temperature range is set for the photovoltaic panel (100) to enter the cooling mode, and a second temperature range is set for the photovoltaic panel (100) to enter the heating mode; The size and performance parameters of the phase change drive unit (120) are set according to the first temperature range and the second temperature range; When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (100) enters the first temperature range, the phase change driving unit (120) expands to drive the radiative cooling layer (110) closer to the photovoltaic panel (100), so that the radiative cooling layer (110) reflects sunlight; When the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (100) enters the second temperature range, the phase change driving unit (120) is restored to drive the radiation cooling layer (110) away from the photovoltaic panel (100), so that the liquid metal substrate layer (130) absorbs heat.

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