Data transmission system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a data transmission system and method, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The data transmission system comprises at least one reflecting surface array arranged on a power line inspection path, and used for receiving inspection data signals transmitted by an inspection device; the reflecting surface array comprises a plurality of reflecting units arranged in an array, and each reflecting unit supports phase control; a relay transmission module arranged on the power line inspection path comprises at least one relay node; and a control unit connected with the reflecting surface array and the relay transmission module respectively, used for acquiring channel state information, adjusting reflecting parameters of each reflecting unit according to the channel state information, controlling the reflecting surface array to reflect the inspection data signals to a target base station, and selectively controlling the relay node to amplify and forward the inspection data signals to the target base station. The data transmission system of the application solves the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular relates to a data transmission system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In power system operation and maintenance, high-definition video, images, and sensor data collected by intelligent inspection equipment such as drones and robots need to be transmitted back to the control center in real time. However, power lines often traverse complex terrains such as mountains and canyons, resulting in numerous wireless signal coverage blind spots, leading to interruptions or degraded data transmission during inspections. Among related technologies, relay stations are costly to deploy and cannot flexibly adapt to dynamic changes in inspection paths; satellite communication has limited bandwidth and is expensive to use; and related solutions are difficult to achieve stable and reliable long-distance coverage independently in real-world complex terrain scenarios, failing to solve the problem of data transmission interruptions during inspections in complex terrain. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a data transmission system and method that can achieve dynamic adaptation of inspection paths in complex terrain and stable, reliable long-distance coverage while maintaining low deployment costs, effectively solving the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a data transmission system, comprising: At least one reflective array is deployed on the power line inspection path to receive inspection data signals transmitted by the inspection equipment. The reflective array includes multiple reflective elements arranged in an array, and each reflective element supports phase modulation. A relay transmission module, deployed along the power line inspection path, includes at least one relay node; The control unit is connected to the reflector array and the relay transmission module respectively, and is used to acquire channel state information, adjust the reflection parameters of each of the reflector units according to the channel state information, so as to control the reflector array to reflect the inspection data signal to the target base station, and selectively control the relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station.

[0005] According to the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application, a reflector array and a relay are networked in coordination. The reflector array is used as the main transmission path to provide directional reflection coverage, while relay nodes are deployed as a supplementary path. The control unit selectively activates the relay to relay signals based on the channel quality. Without the need to deploy a large number of relay stations or rely on high-cost satellite communication, the system can achieve dynamic adaptation of inspection paths in complex terrain and stable and reliable long-distance coverage while maintaining low deployment costs, effectively solving the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0006] In a data transmission system according to an embodiment of this application, the control unit is further configured to: If the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted, or if the signal quality between the reflector array and the target base station is lower than a preset threshold, the relay node is activated.

[0007] One embodiment of the data transmission system of this application includes a reflection unit comprising: Microstrip patch; An adjustable reactive load is disposed on the microstrip patch; The control unit adjusts the reflection phase of each of the reflective units by regulating the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactive load.

[0008] In one embodiment of the data transmission system of this application, the control unit converts digital control signals into analog bias voltages via a digital-to-analog converter array to adjust the reflection phase of each of the reflecting units.

[0009] In one embodiment of the data transmission system of this application, the reflection unit adopts a trapezoidal gradient structure.

[0010] In one embodiment of the data transmission system of this application, the number of the at least one reflective array is multiple, the multiple reflective arrays are deployed in a group, and the reflective arrays in the same group are connected in a cascaded manner.

[0011] In a data transmission system according to an embodiment of this application, the control unit is further configured to: Based on the location information of the inspection equipment and the channel status information, a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm is used to divide some of the multiple reflector arrays and the relay nodes into the same service cluster for collaborative operation.

[0012] In a data transmission system according to an embodiment of this application, the control unit is further configured to: The reflection phase matrix of the reflector array is adjusted so that the inspection data signals reflected by the reflector array to the target base station are superimposed in phase at the target base station.

[0013] In a data transmission system according to an embodiment of this application, the control unit is further configured to: A dynamic beamforming algorithm is used to adjust the reflection phase of the reflector array according to the location information of the inspection equipment, so that the reflected beam is pointed towards the target base station.

[0014] One embodiment of the data transmission system of this application includes a control unit adjusting the reflection parameters of each reflection unit according to the channel state information, comprising: The incident angle between the reflector array and the inspection device, and the reflection angle between the reflector array and the target base station are determined based on the channel state information. The reflection parameters of each reflection unit are adjusted based on the incident angle and the reflection angle.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a data transmission method applied to the data transmission system as described in the first aspect, comprising: Obtain channel state information; Based on the channel state information, the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflector array are adjusted; The reflector array is controlled to reflect the inspection data signal emitted by the inspection equipment to the target base station; The relay node is selectively controlled to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station.

[0016] According to the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application, a reflector array and a relay are networked in coordination. The reflector array is used as the main transmission path to provide directional reflection coverage, while relay nodes are deployed as a supplementary path. The control unit selectively activates the relay to relay signals based on the channel quality. This eliminates the need to deploy a large number of relay stations or rely on high-cost satellite communication. It can achieve dynamic adaptation of inspection paths in complex terrain and stable and reliable long-distance coverage while maintaining low deployment costs, effectively solving the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0017] One embodiment of the data transmission method of this application, wherein selectively controlling a relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station includes: If the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted, or if the signal quality between the reflector array and the target base station is lower than a preset threshold, the relay node is activated.

[0018] One embodiment of the data transmission method of this application includes adjusting the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflective array, comprising: The reflection phase of each of the reflective units is adjusted by regulating the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactive load of each reflective unit. Each reflective unit includes a microstrip patch and the adjustable reactive load disposed on the microstrip patch.

[0019] One embodiment of the data transmission method in this application further includes: Based on the location information of the inspection equipment and the channel status information, a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm is used to divide some of the multiple reflector arrays and the relay nodes into the same service cluster for collaborative operation.

[0020] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the data transmission method as described in the second aspect above.

[0021] Fourthly, this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the data transmission method as described in the second aspect above.

[0022] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the data transmission method as described in the second aspect above.

[0023] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of this application have at least one of the following technical effects: By networking reflector arrays and relays, the reflector arrays are used as the main transmission path to provide directional reflection coverage, while relay nodes are deployed as supplementary paths. The control unit selectively activates relays to relay signals based on channel quality. This eliminates the need for a large number of relay stations and the reliance on high-cost satellite communication. It can achieve dynamic adaptation of inspection paths in complex terrain and stable and reliable long-distance coverage while maintaining low deployment costs, effectively solving the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the data transmission system architecture provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the architecture of the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a second schematic diagram of the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a second schematic diagram of the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the data transmission device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0028] The data transmission system provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0029] This application provides a data transmission system, including: at least one reflective array, a relay transmission module, and a control unit.

[0030] In this embodiment, the reflective array is an intelligent reflective device deployed along the power line inspection path, used to receive inspection data signals emitted by the inspection equipment and reflect them towards the target direction. The reflective array includes multiple reflective elements arranged in an array, and each reflective element supports phase modulation.

[0031] Power line inspection routes refer to the areas traversed by power lines, including the direction of the transmission lines and the surrounding geographical area. Power lines often cross complex terrains such as mountains and valleys, resulting in numerous blind spots for wireless signal coverage.

[0032] Inspection equipment refers to intelligent devices used for power line inspection, including drones and robots. During the inspection process, the equipment generates high-definition video, images, and sensor data, which needs to be transmitted to a control center in real time. In some embodiments, the inspection equipment is a drone.

[0033] The inspection data signal is a radio frequency signal formed by encoding and modulating the inspection data collected by the inspection equipment. It carries information such as high-definition video, images, and sensor data.

[0034] The reflecting element is the basic unit that constitutes a reflecting array, such as Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the intelligent reflector unit. The microprocessor, as the core of the control unit, receives external control commands and channel status information through the I / O interface. The global pointer register stores the address of the currently addressed reflector unit, while the data register stores the control data (such as the target phase value) to be written to each reflector unit. The control signal is converted into an analog bias voltage by an R-2R digital-to-analog converter circuit and output to each reflector unit (marked with H in the diagram), enabling independent phase control of each reflector unit.

[0035] By adjusting the reflection phase of each reflecting unit, the direction of the reflected beam can be controlled to achieve directional reflection. In some embodiments, each reflecting unit supports phase adjustment from 0° to 360° with an adjustment accuracy of 0.1°.

[0036] The relay transmission module is a signal relay device deployed at key nodes along the power line inspection route, including at least one relay node. The relay node is used to receive, amplify, and forward signals to extend signal coverage.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as the inspection scenario of a 500kV ultra-high voltage transmission line, the reflector array can be configured as an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS), which improves signal quality by regulating the propagation environment of electromagnetic waves. The reflector array operates at a frequency of 5.8GHz and supports a bandwidth of 500MHz. In some embodiments, the reflector array can contain 1024 reflective elements. The number of relay nodes can be three, deployed at 500-meter intervals.

[0038] The control unit is connected to the reflector array and the relay transmission module respectively. It is used to acquire channel state information, adjust the reflection parameters of each reflection unit according to the channel state information, control the reflector array to reflect the inspection data signal to the target base station, and selectively control the relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station.

[0039] In some embodiments, the control unit can be a centralized controller, using an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) as the main control chip.

[0040] Channel state information refers to the channel conditions experienced by wireless signals as they propagate between the reflector array and the inspection equipment, and between the reflector array and the target base station. This includes information such as signal amplitude attenuation and phase changes.

[0041] Reflection parameters refer to the reflection phase and / or reflection amplitude of each reflective element. The control unit independently adjusts the reflection parameters of each reflective element by regulating the control voltage applied to each reflective element.

[0042] The target base station is the endpoint for data transmission, i.e., the control center or data receiving station. The reflector array reflects the inspection data signal to the target base station, and the relay node also forwards the inspection data signal to the target base station.

[0043] The control unit can decide whether to activate the relay node based on the actual situation. In some embodiments, when the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted or the signal quality is lower than a preset threshold, the control unit controls the relay node to activate; when the signal quality is good, the relay node does not activate, and the signal reflection is completed solely by the reflector array.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the overall architecture of the data transmission system includes: a reflector array (labeled IRS in the figure), a relay transmission module (including relay nodes), and a control unit. The inspection equipment (UAV) serves as the data source, transmitting inspection data signals through its transmitting antenna; this inspection equipment is an external device of this system. The reflector array is deployed along the signal propagation path between the inspection equipment and the target base station. It receives the inspection data signals and directs them to the target base station (data center) by adjusting the phase of the reflecting units. A receiving antenna is installed between the reflector array and the target base station. The relay transmission module is deployed at key nodes along the inspection path. The control unit is connected to both the reflector array and the relay transmission module, and is used to acquire channel state information, adjust the reflection parameters of the reflector array based on the channel state information, and selectively control the relay nodes to initiate signal relay. Figure 1 The "2km distance" marked in the figure is an illustrative transmission distance, which can be adjusted according to the inspection scenario in actual deployment.

[0045] The above scheme realizes the collaborative networking of reflector array and relay node, that is, the reflector array serves as the main transmission path and the relay node serves as the auxiliary transmission path. When the signal quality of the main path is good, the reflector array completes the transmission independently. When the main path is interrupted or the quality degrades, the relay node is activated to relay the signal, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of data transmission.

[0046] According to the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application, a reflector array and a relay are networked in coordination. The reflector array is used as the main transmission path to provide directional reflection coverage, while relay nodes are deployed as a supplementary path. The control unit selectively activates the relay to relay signals based on the channel quality. Without the need to deploy a large number of relay stations or rely on high-cost satellite communication, the system can achieve dynamic adaptation of inspection paths in complex terrain and stable and reliable long-distance coverage while maintaining low deployment costs, effectively solving the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0047] In some embodiments, the control unit may also be used for: If the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted, or if the signal quality between the reflector array and the target base station is lower than a preset threshold, the control relay node will be activated.

[0048] In this embodiment, signal transmission interruption refers to the complete disconnection of the wireless link between the reflector array and the target base station, preventing normal signal transmission. In power line inspection scenarios, signal transmission interruption may be caused by factors such as mountain obstruction, strong electromagnetic interference, or equipment failure.

[0049] Signal quality refers to the reception quality of the inspection data signal reflected by the reflector array to the target base station, which can be measured by parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and received signal strength indication (RSSI).

[0050] The preset threshold is a pre-defined critical value for signal quality. When the signal quality falls below this threshold, it indicates that the current main link quality is insufficient to guarantee reliable transmission, and a relay node needs to be activated to relay the signal. In some embodiments, this preset threshold is determined based on link budget and bit error rate requirements.

[0051] According to the data transmission system provided in this application, the control unit monitors the signal transmission status between the reflector array and the target base station in real time. When a signal transmission interruption is detected (e.g., the link is completely disconnected), or the signal quality is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., insufficient signal-to-noise ratio), the control unit controls the relay node to start, amplifies the inspection data signal, and forwards it to the target base station. Through the above mechanism, automatic switching between the main link and the backup link is realized. That is, when the main link (direct reflection by the reflector array) is normal, the reflector array independently completes the transmission to reduce energy consumption; when the quality of the main link deteriorates or is interrupted, the relay node is automatically started to relay the signal, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission. The inventors' tests have shown that through signal quality monitoring and automatic switching mechanisms, multi-path redundant transmission is achieved, the system reliability is improved to 99.99%, and data loss due to link interruption is effectively avoided.

[0052] In some embodiments, the reflection unit may include: Microstrip patch; Adjustable reactive load, the adjustable reactive load is set on the microstrip patch; The control unit adjusts the reflection phase of each reflection unit by regulating the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactive load.

[0053] In this embodiment, the microstrip patch is the electromagnetic radiation structure part of the reflective unit, and is in the form of a microstrip antenna, used to receive incident electromagnetic waves and re-radiate them.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in the design of the surface unit cell structure, an I-shaped microstrip patch is used as the basic structure of the surface unit cell, with a reconfigurable load, namely a varactor diode, embedded in the middle of the I-shaped patch. After multiple rounds of optimization of its geometry, a wideband linear phase response is ensured within the 5.8GHz operating frequency band. The patch length, width, and varactor diode position are flexibly adjusted to optimize both impedance matching and phase modulation. A multilayer dielectric substrate structure is used to enhance bandwidth performance and reduce energy loss. Because the junction capacitance of the varactor diode changes continuously with the bias voltage, a phase modulation mechanism is designed based on this characteristic. An external DAC and FPGA module accurately control the bias voltage of each surface unit cell, ensuring the reflected phase covers 0° to 360° to meet the requirements of broadband signal transmission. Furthermore, the algorithm is continuously optimized to reduce the nonlinear effects caused by phase jumps, making phase modulation smooth and continuous within the wideband, thereby improving the overall performance of the IRS and accelerating data transmission.

[0055] The adjustable reactive load is a reactive element disposed on a microstrip patch, and its reactance value can be changed with the external control voltage. By changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactive load, the electromagnetic response characteristics of the reflective unit can be changed, thereby controlling the reflection phase. In some embodiments, the adjustable reactive load is a varactor diode, whose junction capacitance changes continuously with the bias voltage.

[0056] The control voltage is a voltage signal applied to the adjustable reactive load by the control unit. The control unit independently adjusts the reflection phase of each reflection unit by regulating the control voltage applied to each reflection unit. In some embodiments, the control unit can convert the digital control signal into an analog bias voltage using a DAC (digital-to-analog converter) array, which is the control voltage.

[0057] According to the data transmission system provided in the embodiments of this application, the control unit changes the reactance value of the adjustable reactance load (such as the junction capacitance of the varactor diode) by adjusting the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactance load, thereby changing the electromagnetic response characteristics of the reflection unit and realizing precise adjustment of the reflection phase; each reflection unit can be controlled independently, thereby realizing beamforming of the entire reflection array; tests have shown that the phase adjustment accuracy reaches 0.1°, which is 225 times higher than the 22.5° of the traditional solution.

[0058] In some embodiments, the control unit converts digital control signals into analog bias voltages via a digital-to-analog converter array to adjust the reflection phase of each reflector.

[0059] In this embodiment, the digital-to-analog converter array is an array composed of multiple digital-to-analog converters (DACs) used to convert digital control signals into analog bias voltages. In some embodiments, the DAC array has 12 bits and can generate 4096 levels of analog voltage output, suitable for continuous fine control of varactor diodes.

[0060] The digital control signal is a digital command signal generated by the control unit to control the reflection unit, and contains the target phase information of each reflection unit.

[0061] The analog bias voltage is an analog voltage signal output from the digital-to-analog converter array, applied to adjustable reactive loads such as varactor diodes to control their reactance. By changing the bias voltage, the junction capacitance of the varactor diode can be continuously adjusted, thereby achieving continuous control of the reflection phase.

[0062] In this application, a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter array is used to achieve accurate conversion of digital control signals to analog bias voltages. The phase control error is less than ±1.5°, the phase update of the entire array (768 units) takes only 10μs, and the power consumption is less than 5W.

[0063] In some embodiments, the reflective unit adopts a trapezoidal gradient structure.

[0064] In this embodiment, the physical shape of the reflective element is trapezoidal, and the geometric dimensions of the reflective element exhibit a gradual change along the surface direction of the element. In some embodiments, the side slope of the trapezoidal gradient structure is 1:2, and the element spacing is 0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band. This structure can be used to reduce power loss caused by boundary effects in large-angle reflection scenarios.

[0065] In high-angle reflection scenarios, the boundary effect of the IRS unit causes a significant decrease in reflected power as the incident angle increases. A three-dimensional electromagnetic model was established using a full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool to simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation process at different incident angles. Through parametric scanning, the quantitative relationship between the reflection coefficient and the incident angle was obtained, revealing that when the incident angle is greater than 60°, the reflected power loss exceeds 3dB. Based on the simulation data, a mathematical model of the boundary effect was established:

[0066] in, For power loss, The angle of incidence is denoted as .

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, a parametric scan of the trapezoidal gradient structure reflective element was performed using a full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool to obtain the quantitative relationship between the reflection coefficient and the incident angle. The incident angle is presented in tabular form in the figure. With reflection power loss The corresponding relationship is shown in the test results. The test results show that the reflection power loss is extremely low in the incident angle range of 0° to 50°. Through experimental testing, the structure reduces the reflection power loss at a 60° incident angle from 3.2dB to 1.8dB, and improves the large-angle reflection efficiency by more than 85%. The reflection efficiency reaches more than 85% in the 5.8GHz band, which meets the large-area coverage requirements in power line inspection scenarios. This verifies the effectiveness of the structure in suppressing boundary effects and can fully meet the large-area coverage requirements in power line inspection scenarios.

[0068] By designing the reflective unit as a trapezoidal gradient structure, electromagnetic boundary effects can be effectively suppressed, reducing energy loss caused by parasitic scattering.

[0069] In some embodiments, the number of at least one reflective array is multiple, and the multiple reflective arrays are deployed in a group, with each reflective array in the same group being connected in a cascaded manner.

[0070] In this embodiment, two or more reflective arrays can be set up to cover a wider inspection area. In power line inspection scenarios, transmission lines often stretch for tens of kilometers, requiring multiple reflective arrays to work together to cover the area.

[0071] Adjacent reflector arrays can be grouped together for deployment. Considering the numerous and widely distributed transmission line points in power line inspection scenarios, a hierarchical and clustered group spatial structure modeling method is adopted. For example... Figure 4As shown, the deployment area of ​​IRS is reasonably divided according to the data of the GIS system, and adjacent IRS are divided into the same group. The IRS in the group work together in a cascade manner. Then, a topological relationship model of the IRS group is created using a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, defining the coverage range, reflection angle and relative position of each IRS to the base station. The accuracy of the model is verified by electromagnetic simulation software, and the group spacing is optimized to be controlled between 300m and 500m, and the reflection angle is between 0° and 60° to ensure that there are no blind spots in signal coverage.

[0072] like Figure 7 As shown, to address the non-ideal channel problem under large-angle reflections, a mathematical model of IRS reflection power in relation to the incident angle and reflection angle is established. Boundary effect curves are fitted using measured data, and a dynamic boundary adjustment algorithm is designed to optimize the IRS reflection boundary based on real-time channel state information (CSI). When the movement of the inspection equipment causes the incident angle to exceed a threshold, the reflection phase of adjacent IRSs is automatically adjusted to form virtual beamforming and compensate for path loss. To achieve multi-IRS collaborative scheduling, a combination of centralized and distributed approaches is used. The former is responsible for global resource allocation, relying on reinforcement learning algorithms to optimize the working mode of the IRS group; the latter is used for local rapid response, utilizing independent addressing technology to control the reflection phase of individual IRS units, thereby reducing control latency and energy consumption.

[0073] The reflector arrays within the same group work together in a cascaded manner, with signals from upstream reflector arrays being transmitted to downstream reflector arrays, forming a signal relay. This connection method allows multiple reflector arrays to work together to form a larger effective reflective aperture, improving coverage and signal strength.

[0074] For long-distance power line inspection scenarios, the coverage of a single reflector array is limited. By deploying multiple reflector arrays, adjacent arrays are grouped together (deployment areas are defined based on GIS data), and the arrays within the same group work collaboratively in a cascaded manner. The group spacing is controlled between 300m and 500m, and the reflection angle is between 0° and 60° to ensure no blind spots in signal coverage. When the inspection equipment moves, the system can automatically activate the corresponding reflector array group based on its location, achieving dynamic coverage.

[0075] Through the deployment and cascading collaborative operation of multiple reflector array groups, the coverage radius is extended to over 1.5km. When the inspection equipment is more than 1km away from the base station, the system automatically activates 3 to 5 adjacent reflector arrays to form a reflective cluster, effectively solving the signal coverage problem of long-distance power transmission lines.

[0076] In some embodiments, the control unit may also be used for: Based on the location information and channel status information of the inspection equipment, a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm is used to divide some reflector arrays and relay nodes in multiple reflector arrays into the same service cluster for collaborative work.

[0077] In this embodiment, the location information is the real-time spatial location data of the inspection equipment, including GPS coordinates, distance and angle relative to the reflective array, etc.

[0078] An algorithm can dynamically divide IRSs and relays into service clusters based on the real-time location and channel status of the inspection equipment. In some embodiments, when the inspection equipment is more than 1km away from the base station, the system automatically activates 3 to 5 adjacent IRSs to form a reflection cluster and selects one relay node for signal relay.

[0079] A service cluster is a collaborative working unit composed of partial reflector arrays and / or relay nodes, used to jointly transmit inspection data signals from the inspection equipment to the target base station. The division of service clusters is dynamic and is adjusted in real time according to changes in the location of the inspection equipment and channel conditions.

[0080] Based on the location and channel status information of the inspection equipment, the control unit employs a dynamic clustering algorithm to divide a portion of the multiple reflector arrays and relay nodes into the same service cluster. Within this service cluster, the nodes work collaboratively: the reflector arrays handle directional reflection, and the relay nodes relay signals, jointly transmitting the inspection data signal from the inspection equipment to the target base station. As the inspection equipment moves, the composition of the service cluster dynamically adjusts to consistently ensure optimal coverage and transmission quality.

[0081] Through a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm, the system can adaptively organize the network topology based on the real-time location and channel status of the inspection equipment, extending the coverage radius to over 1.5km. The throughput in single IRS mode is 120Mbps, while in cooperative mode it increases to 168Mbps (a 40% improvement).

[0082] In some embodiments, the control unit may also be used for: Adjust the reflection phase matrix of the reflector array so that the inspection data signals reflected by the reflector array to the target base station are superimposed in phase at the target base station.

[0083] In this embodiment, the reflection phase matrix is ​​a matrix composed of the reflection phase values ​​of each reflecting element in the reflective array. The control unit controls the direction and shape of the reflected beam by adjusting this matrix.

[0084] Reflected signals from different reflector elements arrive at the target base station with the same phase, thus reinforcing each other (coherent superposition) and maximizing the signal strength received by the target base station. By adjusting the reflection phase of each reflector element, the reflected waves are superimposed in phase in the target direction to form the main lobe of the beam; in other directions, the phases are random or destructive, forming side lobes or nulls.

[0085] The control unit adjusts the reflection phase matrix of the reflector array to ensure that the signals reflected from each reflector element to the target base station are in phase at the target base station. When multiple reflected signals arrive in phase, their electric field strengths are added together, increasing the signal energy and providing a stronger signal to the target base station. Meanwhile, because the illegal eavesdropping device is located in a different position, the phase relationship between the received reflected signals differs from that of the legitimate receiver, preventing the signals from being superimposed in phase and resulting in a degraded signal quality.

[0086] By optimizing the reflection phase matrix, the target base station obtains an enhanced signal. In terms of physical layer security, the received signal from an unauthorized eavesdropping device will be attenuated due to phase mismatch, thereby reducing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the eavesdropping device and improving communication confidentiality.

[0087] In some embodiments, the control unit may also be used for: A dynamic beamforming algorithm is used to adjust the reflection phase of the reflector array according to the location information of the inspection equipment, so that the reflected beam is pointed towards the target base station.

[0088] In this embodiment, the dynamic beamforming algorithm can compensate for large-angle reflection loss by adjusting the IRS reflection phase in real time so that the reflected beam is always aligned with the target direction.

[0089] Location information refers to the real-time spatial location data of the inspection equipment. The control unit determines the spatial relationship between the inspection equipment and the reflector array and the target base station based on the location information, thereby calculating the optimal reflection phase distribution.

[0090] By adjusting the reflection phase of the reflector, a specific phase gradient distribution is formed on the surface of the reflector array. According to the generalized Snell's law of reflection, the main lobe of the reflected beam is directed towards the target base station.

[0091] The control unit employs a dynamic beamforming algorithm to adjust the reflection phase of the reflector array in real time based on the location information of the inspection equipment, ensuring that the reflected beam always points towards the target base station. When the inspection equipment moves, its position relative to the reflector array changes, and the control unit adjusts the phase gradient of each reflector element accordingly to ensure that the main lobe of the reflected beam always points towards the target base station. In some embodiments, when the inspection equipment enters a valley area, the system automatically activates multiple reflector arrays to form a cascaded link, and the dynamic beamforming algorithm ensures that the reflected beams of each reflector array coordinately point towards the target base station.

[0092] Real-time beam tracking of mobile inspection equipment was achieved through a dynamic beamforming algorithm. When the incident angle is greater than 50°, the reflected power attenuation reaches 3dB to 5dB. Dynamic beamforming can effectively compensate for this loss, ensuring the stability and reliability of the link.

[0093] In some embodiments, the control unit adjusts the reflection parameters of each reflection unit according to channel state information, which may include: The incident angle between the reflector array and the inspection equipment, as well as the reflection angle between the reflector array and the target base station, are determined based on the channel state information. The reflection parameters of each reflection unit are adjusted based on the incident angle and the reflection angle.

[0094] In this embodiment, the incident angle is the incident angle when the inspection data signal emitted by the inspection equipment reaches the reflector array, that is, the angle between the signal propagation direction and the normal of the reflector array.

[0095] The reflection angle is the exit angle of the inspection data signal after reflection by the reflector array, that is, the angle between the propagation direction of the reflected signal and the normal of the reflector array. The control unit needs to determine the desired reflection angle based on the location of the target base station.

[0096] After calculating the incident angle and reflection angle based on the channel state information, the control unit determines the required phase gradient distribution of each reflection element of the reflector array based on the generalized Snell reflection law, thereby calculating the reflection parameters of each reflection element and making the reflected beam point towards the target base station.

[0097] After acquiring channel state information, the control unit first determines the incident angle between the reflector array and the inspection equipment (i.e., the direction in which the inspection equipment signal reaches the reflector array), and the reflection angle between the reflector array and the target base station (i.e., the direction in which the reflected signal should point to the target base station), based on the incident and reflection angles. Then, based on the generalized Snell's law of reflection, it calculates the required phase gradient distribution for each reflection element of the reflector array, thereby determining the reflection parameters of each reflection element. Finally, the calculated reflection parameters are applied to each reflection element to make the reflected beam point towards the target base station. In some embodiments, for non-ideal channel characteristics under large-angle reflection, a mathematical model of IRS reflection power with incident and reflection angles is established. Boundary effect curves are fitted using measured data, and a dynamic boundary adjustment algorithm is designed to optimize the IRS reflection boundary.

[0098] By calculating the incident and reflection angles and adjusting the reflection parameters accordingly, precise pointing control of the reflected beam was achieved. In large-angle reflection scenarios, the optimized reflection unit reduced the reflection power loss at a 60° incident angle from 3.2dB to 1.8dB.

[0099] The data transmission system provided in this application embodiment can be used for performance testing. The main testing equipment includes a signal generator, a receiver, and a vector network analyzer. Core testing content includes operating parameters, channel characteristics and power consumption, and transmission performance. Taking operating parameters as an example, after preparing the vector network analyzer in advance, the amplitude and phase characteristic curves of the IRS for each frequency band are obtained with its support. Analyzing and studying these characteristic curves allows for the determination of the IRS system's bandwidth. Simultaneously, the control voltage is adjusted, and the characteristic curves generated by the IRS under different control voltages are detected. Then, its phase modulation capability is analyzed. The final verification results show that the IRS bandwidth is 5.8 GHz, and the phase modulation capability is greater than 3 bits, meeting the relevant technical requirements.

[0100] Testing revealed that, compared to related technologies, this application's solution offers improvements in several key areas: operating bandwidth increased from 100MHz to 500MHz (a 5-fold increase); control precision improved from 22.5° to 0.1° (a 225-fold increase); security capacity increased from 2bit / s / Hz to 8bit / s / Hz (a 4-fold increase); transmission rate increased from 500Mbps to 2Gbps (a 4-fold increase); large-angle reflection efficiency improved from ≤50% to ≥85% (a 70% increase); and system reliability increased from 95% to 99.99% (a 5.2% increase). In complex power environments, the system maintains stable transmission performance with a bit error rate lower than [previous value missing]. Through intelligent regulation and dynamic management, the system's energy consumption is reduced by more than 30%.

[0101] The technical solution of this application can be applied to the inspection of 500kV ultra-high voltage transmission lines. The system configuration is as follows: the intelligent reflector is 2m×1m in size, containing 1024 reflective units; there are 3 relay nodes deployed at 500-meter intervals; the operating frequency band is 28GHz millimeter wave, supporting 500MHz bandwidth; and the transmission distance is 3 kilometers. After applying this solution, the transmission rate reaches 1.8Gbps, the latency is 15ms, the power consumption is 85W, and the bit error rate is lower than [missing information]. .

[0102] In the comparative experiments, three comparison schemes were set up: a traditional relay system, a conventional IRS system, and the system proposed in this application. Experimental results show that the transmission success rate of the system proposed in this application is higher than 95% under various environments, while the transmission success rate of the traditional relay system is 72%, and that of the conventional IRS system is 85%. Compared with the traditional scheme, the transmission rate of the system proposed in this application is increased by 3.5 times, and energy consumption is reduced by 30%.

[0103] The data transmission method, data transmission device, electronic device, and readable storage medium provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0104] The data transmission method can be applied to the terminal, and can be executed by the hardware or software in the terminal.

[0105] The data transmission method provided in this application embodiment can be executed by an electronic device or a functional module or entity in an electronic device that can implement the data transmission method. The electronic devices mentioned in this application embodiment include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, computers, cameras, and wearable devices. The data transmission method provided in this application embodiment is described below using an electronic device as the execution subject.

[0106] like Figure 9 As shown, the data transmission method includes steps S1, S2, S3 and S4.

[0107] This data transmission method can be applied to the data transmission system described in any of the above embodiments.

[0108] Step S1: Obtain channel state information; In this step, channel state information between the reflector array and the inspection equipment, as well as between the reflector array and the target base station, can be obtained through pilot signals or channel estimation techniques.

[0109] Step S2: Based on channel state information, adjust the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflector array; In this step, the optimal reflection phase and / or reflection amplitude of each reflection unit can be calculated based on the channel state information, and a control voltage can be applied to each reflection unit.

[0110] Step S3: Control the reflector array to reflect the inspection data signal transmitted by the inspection equipment to the target base station; In this step, the reflector array can be controlled to reflect the incident inspection data signal to the target base station, which is the main path for data transmission.

[0111] Step S4: Selectively control the relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station.

[0112] In this step, you can choose whether to start the relay node, which is an auxiliary path for data transmission, based on actual needs.

[0113] In actual operation, the control unit can acquire channel state information; adjust the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflector array based on the channel state information; control the reflector array to reflect the inspection data signal transmitted by the inspection equipment to the target base station (main path); simultaneously, the control unit selectively controls the relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station as needed (auxiliary path). Through the coordinated operation of the main and auxiliary paths, i.e., when the main path is normal, the reflector array independently completes the transmission to reduce energy consumption, and when the main path is interrupted or the quality degrades, the relay node is activated to relay the signal, thus achieving highly reliable and low-energy data transmission.

[0114] According to the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application, a reflector array and a relay are networked in coordination. The reflector array is used as the main transmission path to provide directional reflection coverage, while relay nodes are deployed as a supplementary path. The control unit selectively activates the relay to relay signals based on the channel quality. This eliminates the need to deploy a large number of relay stations or rely on high-cost satellite communication. It can achieve dynamic adaptation of inspection paths in complex terrain and stable and reliable long-distance coverage while maintaining low deployment costs, effectively solving the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0115] In some embodiments, selectively controlling the relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station may include: If the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted, or if the signal quality between the reflector array and the target base station is lower than a preset threshold, the control relay node will be activated.

[0116] In this embodiment, the control unit monitors the signal transmission status between the reflector array and the target base station in real time. When the signal transmission is interrupted or the signal quality is lower than a preset threshold, the control unit starts the relay node. When the signal quality is good, the relay node does not start, and the reflector array completes the signal transmission independently.

[0117] In some embodiments, adjusting the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflective array includes: The reflection phase of each reflection unit is adjusted by regulating the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactive load of each reflection unit. Each reflection unit includes a microstrip patch and an adjustable reactive load disposed on the microstrip patch.

[0118] In this embodiment, the control unit adjusts the reflection phase of each reflection unit by adjusting the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactive load of each reflection unit, thereby changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactive load (such as a varactor diode).

[0119] In some embodiments, the method may further include: Based on the location information and channel status information of the inspection equipment, a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm is used to divide some reflector arrays and relay nodes in multiple reflector arrays into the same service cluster for collaborative work.

[0120] In this embodiment, when the system contains multiple reflector arrays, the control unit uses a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm based on the location information and channel status information of the inspection equipment to divide some reflector arrays and relay nodes into the same service cluster, so that the nodes in the service cluster can work together to complete data transmission.

[0121] To ensure stable communication for mobile terminals such as drones in power line inspection scenarios, it is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis of network connectivity by combining theoretical modeling and experimental verification, addressing the non-ideal channel characteristics under large-angle reflections of the IRS. In practical implementation, a non-ideal channel model for large-angle reflections can be established, considering hardware electromagnetic boundary effects, and deriving the mathematical relationship between reflected power and the incident and reflection angles. Experimental data shows that when the incident angle is greater than 50°, the reflected power attenuates by 3dB to 5dB, and the attenuation magnitude exhibits an exponential growth relationship with the angle. To compensate for this loss, dynamic beamforming algorithms are needed to adjust the IRS reflection phase in real time, ensuring that the reflected beam always aligns with the target direction. Figure 8 As shown, in mountainous inspection scenarios, the large-scale phase-adjustable reflective units of the IRS can reconstruct the LOS link, improve blind spot coverage, and enhance network connectivity. When the inspection equipment enters a valley area, the system automatically activates 3 to 5 IRSs to form a cascaded link, extending the coverage radius to over 1.2 km, and the communication interruption rate in this area is low, meeting expectations.

[0122] The data transmission method provided in this application can be executed by a data transmission device. This application uses a data transmission device executing the data transmission method as an example to illustrate the data transmission device provided in this application.

[0123] This application also provides a data transmission device for use in the data transmission system described in any of the above embodiments.

[0124] like Figure 10 As shown, the data transmission device includes: a first processing module 1010, a second processing module 1020, a third processing module 1030, and a fourth processing module 1040.

[0125] The first processing module 1010 is used to acquire channel state information; The second processing module 1020 is used to adjust the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflector array based on channel state information. The third processing module 1030 is used to control the reflector array to reflect the inspection data signal transmitted by the inspection equipment to the target base station; The fourth processing module 1040 is used to selectively control the relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station.

[0126] According to the data transmission device provided in the embodiments of this application, a reflective array and a relay are networked in coordination. The reflective array is used as the main transmission path to provide directional reflection coverage, while relay nodes are deployed as a supplementary path. The control unit selectively activates the relay to relay signals based on the channel quality. Without the need to deploy a large number of relay stations or rely on high-cost satellite communication, it can achieve dynamic adaptation of inspection paths in complex terrain and stable and reliable long-distance coverage while maintaining low deployment costs, effectively solving the problem of data transmission interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0127] In some embodiments, the fourth processing module 1040 can also be used for: If the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted, or if the signal quality between the reflector array and the target base station is lower than a preset threshold, the control relay node will be activated.

[0128] In some embodiments, the second processing module 1020 can also be used for: The load control voltage adjusts the reflection phase of each reflection unit, which includes a microstrip patch and an adjustable reactive load disposed on the microstrip patch.

[0129] In some embodiments, the data transmission apparatus may further include a fifth processing module, configured to: Based on the location information and channel status information of the inspection equipment, a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm is used to divide some reflector arrays and relay nodes in multiple reflector arrays into the same service cluster for collaborative work.

[0130] The data transmission device in this application embodiment can be an electronic device or a component within an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other devices besides a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, in-vehicle electronic device, mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, or personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a server, network attached storage (NAS), personal computer (PC), television (TV), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the specific device.

[0131] The data transmission device in this application embodiment can be a device with an operating system. This operating system can be a Microsoft (Windows) operating system, an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or other possible operating systems; this application embodiment does not specifically limit the specific operating system.

[0132] The data transmission device provided in this application embodiment can achieve... Figure 9 The various processes implemented in the method implementation examples will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0133] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, this application embodiment also provides an electronic device 1100, including a processor 1101, a memory 1102, and a computer program stored on the memory 1102 and executable on the processor 1101. When the program is executed by the processor 1101, it implements the various processes of the above-described data transmission method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0134] It should be noted that the electronic devices in the embodiments of this application include the mobile electronic devices and non-mobile electronic devices described above.

[0135] This application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described data transmission method embodiments and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0136] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0137] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described data transmission method.

[0138] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0139] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above data transmission method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0140] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0141] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0142] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the related technology, can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0143] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

[0144] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0145] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A data transmission system, characterized in that, include: At least one reflective array is deployed on the power line inspection path to receive inspection data signals transmitted by the inspection equipment. The reflective array includes multiple reflective elements arranged in an array, and each reflective element supports phase modulation. A relay transmission module, deployed along the power line inspection path, includes at least one relay node; The control unit is connected to the reflector array and the relay transmission module respectively, and is used to acquire channel state information, adjust the reflection parameters of each of the reflector units according to the channel state information, so as to control the reflector array to reflect the inspection data signal to the target base station, and selectively control the relay node to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station.

2. The data transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is also used for: If the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted, or if the signal quality between the reflector array and the target base station is lower than a preset threshold, the relay node is activated.

3. The data transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflective unit includes: Microstrip patch; An adjustable reactive load is disposed on the microstrip patch; The control unit adjusts the reflection phase of each of the reflective units by regulating the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactive load.

4. The data transmission system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control unit converts digital control signals into analog bias voltages via a digital-to-analog converter array to adjust the reflection phase of each of the reflection units.

5. The data transmission system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The reflective unit adopts a trapezoidal gradient structure.

6. The data transmission system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The number of the at least one reflective array is multiple, and the multiple reflective arrays are deployed in a group, with each reflective array in the same group being connected in a cascade manner.

7. The data transmission system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit is also used for: Based on the location information of the inspection equipment and the channel status information, a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm is used to divide some of the multiple reflector arrays and the relay nodes into the same service cluster for collaborative operation.

8. The data transmission system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The control unit is also used for: The reflection phase matrix of the reflector array is adjusted so that the inspection data signals reflected by the reflector array to the target base station are superimposed in phase at the target base station.

9. The data transmission system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The control unit is also used for: A dynamic beamforming algorithm is used to adjust the reflection phase of the reflector array according to the location information of the inspection equipment, so that the reflected beam is pointed towards the target base station.

10. The data transmission system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The control unit adjusts the reflection parameters of each reflection unit according to the channel state information, including: The incident angle between the reflector array and the inspection device, and the reflection angle between the reflector array and the target base station are determined based on the channel state information. The reflection parameters of each reflection unit are adjusted based on the incident angle and the reflection angle.

11. A data transmission method applied to a data transmission system as described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, include: Obtain channel state information; Based on the channel state information, the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflector array are adjusted; The reflector array is controlled to reflect the inspection data signal emitted by the inspection equipment to the target base station; The relay node is selectively controlled to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station.

12. The data transmission method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The selective control of relay nodes to amplify the inspection data signal and forward it to the target base station includes: If the signal transmission between the reflector array and the target base station is interrupted, or if the signal quality between the reflector array and the target base station is lower than a preset threshold, the relay node is activated.

13. The data transmission method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The adjustment of the reflection parameters of each reflection element in the reflective array includes: The reflection phase of each of the reflective units is adjusted by regulating the control voltage applied to the adjustable reactive load of each reflective unit. Each reflective unit includes a microstrip patch and the adjustable reactive load disposed on the microstrip patch.

14. The data transmission method according to any one of claims 11-13, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the location information of the inspection equipment and the channel status information, a dynamic cluster partitioning algorithm is used to divide some of the multiple reflector arrays and the relay nodes into the same service cluster for collaborative operation.

15. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 11-14.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 11-14.

17. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 11-14.

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