Gsm-r / 5g-r dual-mode vehicle terminal autonomous inter-network handover test system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network switching test system and method, which are corresponding solutions, and in the solutions: by setting mutually independent GSM-R base station simulators and 5G-R base station simulators, the wireless propagation environment of GSM-R and 5G-R is independently simulated through a first channel simulator and a second channel simulator respectively, and in combination with a line scene database, a position information simulation unit, a control unit and a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal to be tested, a test environment between train position, dual-network channel state, terminal position information input, terminal autonomous switching behavior and test result collection and analysis is formed in a laboratory environment, so that repeatable, controllable and quantifiable tests on the whole process of GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network switching are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway-specific mobile communication testing technology, and in particular to a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network switching testing system and method. Background Technology

[0002] GSM-R is a dedicated mobile communication system for railways, which has long served as the wireless bearer for critical services such as train operation control, dispatching communication, and train operation command. With the development of railway communication technology towards broadband and intelligent directions, 5G-R, as the next-generation dedicated mobile communication system for railways, possesses characteristics such as high bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, and high connectivity, making it a crucial infrastructure supporting the intelligent operation of high-speed railways.

[0003] During the evolution from GSM-R to 5G-R, railway lines will experience parallel coverage of GSM-R and 5G-R, phased construction, and regional operation for a considerable period. To ensure continuous communication services when trains travel across regions, onboard communication terminals need to have dual-mode communication capabilities for both GSM-R and 5G-R, and be able to switch between GSM-R and 5G-R networks.

[0004] Unlike inter-system handover in civilian mobile communication systems, railway GSM-R and 5G-R networks typically employ an independent deployment architecture during engineering implementation. The radio access networks, core networks, and operation and maintenance systems of the two networks are independent of each other, and there is no inter-network signaling interaction interface on the network side for performing cross-network handover. Therefore, cross-network handover of GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminals cannot rely on network-side collaborative control. Instead, the vehicle terminal needs to autonomously trigger, access, and complete service bearer migration based on its own location information, preset handover strategies, and the signal status of both networks.

[0005] Meanwhile, railway communication places high demands on the location of cross-network handovers. To ensure safe train communication, cross-network handovers typically need to be conducted within pre-defined cross-network handover zones. These pre-defined cross-network handover zones refer to line sections pre-delineated based on line conditions, wireless coverage quality, train communication safety requirements, and engineering implementation conditions, allowing dual-mode onboard terminals to perform cross-network handovers. For sections where the wireless environment may be unstable, such as tunnels, bridges, steep gradients, complex curves, and areas with strong interference, these can be pre-marked as prohibited or unsuitable handover zones based on line conditions and wireless coverage. In other words, railway cross-network handovers are not solely triggered by signal strength, but rather prioritize the train's kilometer marker location, with the dual-network signal status serving as a secondary criterion.

[0006] Furthermore, to reduce the power consumption of onboard terminals and decrease the complexity of the onboard electromagnetic environment, railway dual-mode onboard terminals typically employ a module-partition start-stop strategy in actual operation. For example, the 5G-R communication module is shut down or kept in a low-power state in the GSM-R main coverage area, and the GSM-R communication module is shut down or released in the 5G-R main coverage area. The dual modules are only activated briefly in a preset cross-network handover area to complete target network search, synchronization, access, service bearer establishment, and service bearer migration.

[0007] Existing inter-system handover testing solutions are mostly geared towards public mobile communication scenarios. They typically rely on network-side interoperability procedures or only simulate terminal handover processes based on signal strength changes. These solutions fail to accurately reflect the actual engineering realities, such as the independent deployment of railway GSM-R and 5G-R networks, pre-set cross-network handover zone constraints, terminal autonomous decision-making, and dual-module start-stop control. On the other hand, traditional real-vehicle testing is limited by factors such as line operating conditions, maintenance windows, weather conditions, test vehicles, and safety management. This results in high testing costs, long testing cycles, limited scenario coverage, and difficulty in reproducing extreme wireless environments and handover failure scenarios, hindering the identification of the root cause of handover failures.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a test system and method that can simulate the independent deployment architecture of GSM-R and 5G-R dual networks in railways, train operation location, changes in independent wireless channels of dual networks, preset cross-network handover areas, and autonomous handover process of on-board terminals in a laboratory environment. This is to improve the repeatability, controllability, engineering adaptability, and quantifiable evaluation capability of cross-network handover tests of GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode on-board terminals, and to trace and locate the causes of handover failures.

[0009] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test system and method for autonomous cross-network handover of GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminals. This system can simulate the independent deployment architecture of GSM-R and 5G-R dual networks in railways, train operation location, changes in independent wireless channels of the dual networks, preset cross-network handover areas, and autonomous handover process of vehicle-mounted terminals in a laboratory environment. This improves the repeatability, controllability, engineering adaptability, and quantifiable evaluation capability of cross-network handover testing of GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminals, and enables the tracing and location of handover failure reasons.

[0011] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system includes: a GSM-R base station simulator, a 5G-R base station simulator, a first channel simulator, a second channel simulator, a line scenario database, a location information simulation unit, a control unit, and a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal under test. The GSM-R base station simulator and the 5G-R base station simulator are two sets of base station simulation equipment that operate independently of each other; The first channel simulator is connected between the GSM-R base station simulator and the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test, and is used to call the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulate the GSM-R network wireless channel status. The second channel simulator is connected between the 5G-R base station simulator and the 5G-R radio frequency channel of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test. It is used to call the corresponding 5G-R channel parameters according to the current kilometer marker position of the train and simulate the 5G-R network wireless channel status. The line scenario database is used to store line scenario data of the target test line; The location information simulation unit is used to input the current train kilometer marker location to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time; The control unit is used to calculate the current train kilometer marker position in real time based on the line scene data, and synchronously send the current train kilometer marker position to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator, and the location information simulation unit; the control unit is also used to collect the test process data of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test during the autonomous cross-network handover process, and analyze the cross-network handover performance and the reasons for handover failure based on the test process data; The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is configured with an autonomous cross-network handover strategy, which is used to autonomously perform cross-network handover between the GSM-R network and the 5G-R network based on the current train kilometer marker position and the dual-network signal status when there is no cross-network handover signaling control on the network side.

[0012] A test method for autonomous cross-network handover of a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal, based on the aforementioned system implementation, includes: The target test line's scenario data is stored in the scenario database. Start the GSM-R base station simulator and the 5G-R base station simulator, and make them run independently of each other; The control unit calculates the current train kilometer marker position in real time based on line scene data and simultaneously sends the current train kilometer marker position to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator, and the location information simulation unit. The first channel simulator calls the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulates the GSM-R network wireless channel state. The second channel simulator calls the corresponding 5G-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulates the 5G-R network wireless channel state. The location information simulation unit inputs the current train kilometer marker position to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is equipped with an autonomous cross-network handover strategy. In the absence of cross-network handover signaling control on the network side, it autonomously performs cross-network handover between the GSM-R network and the 5G-R network according to the current train kilometer marker position and the dual-network signal status. The control unit collects data from the entire testing process of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test during autonomous cross-network handover, and analyzes the cross-network handover performance and the reasons for handover failure based on the data.

[0013] As can be seen from the technical solution provided by the present invention, by setting up independent GSM-R base station simulators and 5G-R base station simulators, and independently simulating the wireless propagation environment of GSM-R and 5G-R through the first channel simulator and the second channel simulator, respectively, and combining the line scenario database, location information simulation unit, control unit and the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test, a test environment is formed in the laboratory environment to form the test environment between train position, dual network channel status, terminal location information input, terminal autonomous switching behavior and test result collection and analysis, thereby realizing repeatable, controllable and quantifiable testing of the entire process of autonomous cross-network switching of GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of synchronous control of the control unit based on the position of the train kilometer marker, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in GSM-R and 5G-R signals as the train kilometer marker position, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the GSM-R to 5G-R forward cross-network handover test process provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the test process for suppressing false triggering of non-preset cross-network handover zones provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the target network anomaly rollback test process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] First, the following explanations are provided for the terms that may be used in this article: The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “having,” or other similar semantic descriptions should be interpreted as non-exclusive inclusion. For example, “comprising a technical feature element (such as raw material, component, ingredient, carrier, dosage form, material, size, part, component, mechanism, device, step, process, method, reaction conditions, processing conditions, parameter, algorithm, signal, data, product or article of manufacture, etc.)” should be interpreted as including not only the expressly listed technical feature element, but also other technical feature elements that are not expressly listed and are well-known in the art.

[0023] The term "composed of" excludes any technical features not expressly listed. When used in a claim, it closes the claim to exclude all technical features other than those expressly listed, except for associated conventional impurities. If the term appears only in a clause of a claim, it limits the claim to the elements expressly listed in that clause; elements recited in other clauses are not excluded from the overall claim.

[0024] Unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this document according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] The following is a detailed description of the autonomous cross-network handover testing system and method for GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminals provided by this invention. Contents not described in detail in the embodiments of this invention are prior art known to those skilled in the art. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments of this invention, they shall be performed according to conventional conditions in the art or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Instruments used in the embodiments of this invention, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, are all commercially available conventional products.

[0026] Example 1 like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of an autonomous cross-network handover test system for a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention. It mainly includes: a GSM-R base station simulator, a 5G-R base station simulator, a first channel simulator, a second channel simulator, a line scenario database, a location information simulation unit, a control unit, and a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal to be tested.

[0027] (1) The GSM-R base station simulator and the 5G-R base station simulator are two sets of base station simulation equipment that operate independently of each other. There is no inter-network signaling interaction interface between them for cross-network handover control, so as to simulate the engineering architecture of independent deployment of GSM-R network and 5G-R network in railway field.

[0028] (2) The first channel simulator is connected between the GSM-R base station simulator and the GSM-R radio frequency channel of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test, and is used to call the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulate the GSM-R network wireless channel status.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the first channel simulator stores the mapping relationship between kilometer marker locations and GSM-R channel parameters. Thus, when the current train kilometer marker location is received, the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters can be called according to the mapping relationship to simulate the GSM-R network wireless channel state.

[0030] (3) The second channel simulator is connected between the 5G-R base station simulator and the 5G-R radio frequency channel of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test, and is used to call the corresponding 5G-R channel parameters according to the current kilometer marker position of the train and simulate the 5G-R network wireless channel status.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, the second channel simulator stores the mapping relationship between kilometer marker positions and 5G-R channel parameters. Thus, when the current train kilometer marker position is received, the corresponding 5G-R channel parameters can be called according to the mapping relationship and the 5G-R network wireless channel state can be simulated.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the GSM-R channel parameters and 5G-R channel parameters respectively include one or more of the following: path loss, shadowing fading, Doppler shift, multipath delay, multipath power, delay spread, Gaussian white noise power, and co-channel interference power.

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the dual-network channel states (GSM-R network radio channel state and 5G-R network radio channel state) are configured according to the train's operating position as a GSM-R main coverage area, a preset cross-network handover area, and a 5G-R main coverage area. In the GSM-R main coverage area, the GSM-R network signal meets the stable access conditions, while the 5G-R network signal is below the target network module activation conditions. In the preset cross-network handover area, the GSM-R network signal and the 5G-R network signal change according to preset channel parameters. In the 5G-R main coverage area, the 5G-R network signal meets the stable access conditions, while the GSM-R network signal is below the release or shutdown conditions.

[0034] (4) The line scenario database is used to store the line scenario data of the target test line.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the line scenario data includes: line kilometer markers, base station parameters, train operation parameters, and section attributes; wherein, the section attributes include one or more of the following: GSM-R main coverage section, preset cross-network handover area, 5G-R main coverage section, and prohibited handover area; the prohibited handover area is a line section that is pre-marked according to the line structure, wireless coverage quality, or electromagnetic environment and is not allowed or suitable for cross-network handover, including one or more of the following: tunnel section, bridge section, steep slope section, complex curve section, or strong interference section.

[0036] (5) The location information simulation unit is used to input the current train kilometer marker position to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the location information simulation unit inputs the current train kilometer marker position to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time through a GNSS simulation interface, a serial communication interface, an Ethernet interface, or a location input interface recognizable by the vehicle terminal.

[0038] (6) The control unit is used to calculate the current train kilometer marker position in real time based on the line scene data, and send the current train kilometer marker position to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator and the location information simulation unit in a synchronous manner; the control unit is also used to collect the test process data of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test during the autonomous cross-network handover process, and analyze the cross-network handover performance and the reasons for handover failure based on the test process data.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the control unit generates a train operation timeline based on the starting kilometer marker, ending kilometer marker, direction of travel, train speed, and sampling period in the line scenario data, and calculates the current train kilometer marker position within the same sampling period. Then, the current train kilometer marker position is synchronously sent to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator, and the location information simulation unit. This causes the first channel simulator to call the GSM-R channel parameters for the corresponding position, the second channel simulator to call the 5G-R channel parameters for the corresponding position, and the location information simulation unit to input the same train kilometer marker position information to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test. This ensures that the GSM-R network wireless channel status, the 5G-R network wireless channel status, and the train kilometer marker position information input to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test remain synchronized.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the control unit is also used to configure or call the autonomous cross-network handover strategy parameters of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test. The autonomous cross-network handover strategy parameters include one or more of the following: handover area start kilometer marker, handover area end kilometer marker, target network module activation condition, target network access condition, original network release condition, time hysteresis parameter, ping-pong handover suppression parameter, and timeout protection parameter.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the control unit is also used to realize forward cross-network handover test from GSM-R to 5G-R and reverse cross-network handover test from 5G-R to GSM-R by adjusting the train running direction, starting kilometer marker, ending kilometer marker, preset cross-network handover area and autonomous cross-network handover strategy parameters.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the test process data includes one or more of the following: the start / stop status of the GSM-R communication module, the start / stop status of the 5G-R communication module, GSM-R network signal parameters, 5G-R network signal parameters, location information input records, target network search results, target network access signaling, service bearer establishment status, service bearer migration status, original network release status, handover completion time, handover failure reasons, and abnormal rollback results of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, the cross-network handover performance includes one or more of the following: target network module activation latency, cell search latency, target network access success rate, service bearer establishment latency, service bearer migration interruption duration, total cross-network handover duration, number of false triggers in non-preset cross-network handover areas, number of ping-pong handovers, and abnormal rollback success rate.

[0044] (7) The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is equipped with a location-priority and signal-assisted autonomous cross-network handover strategy, which is used to autonomously perform cross-network handover between GSM-R network and 5G-R network according to the current train kilometer marker position and dual-network signal status when there is no network-side cross-network handover signaling control.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is also used to determine, based on the current train kilometer marker location information, that after entering a preset cross-network switching zone, activate the target network communication module, and perform target network search, synchronization, access, and service bearer establishment according to the dual network signal status. After the target network service bearer is normal, the communication service bearer is migrated from the original network to the target network, and the original network connection is released or the original network communication module is closed.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, when the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test enters the preset cross-network handover zone, the target network is set to be unreachable, access failed, or service bearer establishment failed through the base station simulator corresponding to the target network; when the cumulative attempt time of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test reaches the preset timeout protection duration, the target network communication module is shut down or released, and the normal working state of the original network communication module is maintained or restored.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, a test step for suppressing false triggering of non-preset cross-network handover zones is also included: simulating the target network signal reaching the access threshold in a non-preset cross-network handover zone, and detecting whether the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test suppresses cross-network handover according to the location priority rule.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, an extreme scenario testing step is also included: the extreme scenario testing step constructs one or more of the following scenarios by modifying train running speed, path loss parameters, shadow fading parameters, multipath parameters, Gaussian white noise power, co-channel interference power, or target network base station response strategy: high-speed running scenario, tunnel entrance and exit signal change scenario, bridge strong reflection multipath scenario, rain and snow strong fading scenario, co-channel interference superposition scenario, and target network unreachable scenario.

[0049] The above-mentioned solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention mainly achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. Adapted to the independent deployment architecture of the railway dual network.

[0050] This invention simulates the independent deployment of dual networks on railway sites by using GSM-R base station simulators and 5G-R base station simulators that operate independently. No inter-network signaling interface for cross-network handover control is set between the two sets of base station simulation equipment, which can more accurately reproduce the real engineering scenario of autonomous cross-network handover of dual-mode vehicle terminals under the independent deployment of GSM-R and 5G-R on railways.

[0051] 2. It can reproduce the railway switching rules with location priority and signal assistance.

[0052] This invention inputs real-time kilometer marker information to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test through a line scene database and a location information simulation unit, enabling the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test to trigger switching according to a preset cross-network switching zone, and to make auxiliary judgments based on the dual-network signal status, which meets the requirements of railway communication for the security of cross-network switching locations.

[0053] 3. It can verify the entire process of dual-mode terminal module start / stop control and service migration.

[0054] This invention can cover the entire process of target network module activation, cell search, network access, service bearer establishment, service bearer migration, original network release and module shutdown, which is beneficial for verifying the power consumption control strategy, switching timing and communication service continuity of dual-mode vehicle terminals.

[0055] 4. Improve the controllability and repeatability of test scenarios.

[0056] This invention can repeatedly reproduce test scenarios such as high-speed operation, sudden signal changes at tunnel entrances and exits, strong reflections and multipath propagation on bridges, strong fading due to rain and snow, unreachable target networks, and superposition of co-frequency interference in a laboratory environment, reducing dependence on actual vehicle line test conditions and improving test scenario coverage and result repeatability.

[0057] 5. Facilitates troubleshooting and root cause identification during switching failures.

[0058] This invention can locate and analyze problems such as module activation timeout, cell search failure, target network access failure, service bearer establishment failure, service bearer migration interruption, and abnormal rollback failure by collecting the terminal's dual-module status, signaling process, channel parameters, location information, and service transmission status.

[0059] 6. Supports forward and reverse cross-network switching tests.

[0060] This invention supports bidirectional cross-network handover testing from GSM-R to 5G-R and from 5G-R to GSM-R by adjusting the train's running direction, starting kilometer marker, ending kilometer marker, preset cross-network handover area, and autonomous cross-network handover strategy parameters, without changing the system hardware structure.

[0061] To more clearly demonstrate the technical solution and its effects provided by the present invention, the system provided by the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the kilometer markers, train speeds, sampling periods, signal thresholds, and time parameters involved in the following examples are merely exemplary parameters for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] Example 1: Test system setup.

[0063] This example provides a test system for autonomous cross-network handover of a railway GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal, including a GSM-R base station simulator, a 5G-R base station simulator, a first channel simulator, a second channel simulator, a line scenario database, a location information simulation unit, a control unit, and the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal under test.

[0064] The GSM-R base station simulator is used to simulate railway GSM-R networks and can support railway-dedicated frequency bands, broadcast control channels, service channels, and bearer functions related to GSM-R services.

[0065] The 5G-R base station simulator is used to simulate railway 5G-R networks and can support dedicated 5G frequency bands for railways, wireless access, mobility management, and communication service carrying functions.

[0066] The GSM-R base station simulator and the 5G-R base station simulator operate independently of each other, and there is no inter-network signaling interface between them for cross-network handover control.

[0067] The first channel simulator is connected between the GSM-R base station simulator and the terminal's GSM-R radio frequency channel to simulate the changes in wireless propagation of the GSM-R network during train operation.

[0068] The second channel simulator is connected between the 5G-R base station simulator and the terminal's 5G-R radio frequency channel to simulate the changes in wireless propagation of the 5G-R network during train operation.

[0069] The line scenario database pre-stores the kilometer markers, GSM-R base station locations, 5G-R base station locations, and segment attributes of the target test line. The mapping relationship between kilometer marker locations and GSM-R channel parameters is pre-stored in the first channel simulator, and the mapping relationship between kilometer marker locations and 5G-R channel parameters is pre-stored in the second channel simulator.

[0070] The control unit calculates the position of the train kilometer marker in real time based on the preset train speed, direction of travel, starting kilometer marker, ending kilometer marker, and sampling period, and sends the kilometer marker position to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator, and the position information simulation unit, respectively.

[0071] The first channel simulator and the second channel simulator call the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters and 5G-R channel parameters respectively according to the kilometer marker location. The location information simulation unit inputs the same kilometer marker location information into the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test (hereinafter referred to as the terminal under test).

[0072] The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test connects to the test system through the terminal access interface and performs autonomous cross-network switching based on the input kilometer marker location information and the dual-network signal status it receives.

[0073] The control unit collects data from the entire testing process of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test during autonomous cross-network handover until the termination kilometer marker is reached. Furthermore, it analyzes the cross-network handover performance and the reasons for handover failure based on the data from the entire testing process.

[0074] like Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the process of synchronous control by the control unit based on the position of the train kilometer marker.

[0075] Example 2: Forward handover test from GSM-R to 5G-R.

[0076] This example is used to test the process of a dual-mode onboard terminal switching from the GSM-R network to the 5G-R network when a train is running from a GSM-R main coverage area to a 5G-R main coverage area.

[0077] In the line scenario database, a GSM-R main coverage segment, a preset cross-network handover area, and a 5G-R main coverage segment are set. In the GSM-R main coverage segment, the first channel simulator simulates a stable GSM-R signal access state, while the second channel simulator simulates a 5G-R signal below the target network module activation condition. In the preset cross-network handover area, the first channel simulator simulates a gradually decreasing GSM-R signal, while the second channel simulator simulates a gradually increasing 5G-R signal. In the 5G-R main coverage segment, the second channel simulator simulates a stable 5G-R signal access state, while the first channel simulator simulates a GSM-R signal below the release or shutdown condition. For example... Figure 3 The diagram shows the changes in GSM-R and 5G-R signals as the train kilometer marker position changes.

[0078] like Figure 4 As shown, after the test begins, the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test first connects to the GSM-R network, while keeping the 5G-R communication module off or in a low-power state. When the train kilometer marker calculated by the control unit enters the preset cross-network handover zone, the location information simulation unit inputs the corresponding kilometer marker location to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test then activates the 5G-R communication module according to a preset strategy and searches for, synchronizes with, and accesses the 5G-R network.

[0079] Once the 5G-R network access is successful and the service bearer is established normally, the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test will migrate the service bearer from the GSM-R network to the 5G-R network and release the GSM-R network connection or shut down the GSM-R communication module.

[0080] The control unit records the module activation time, 5G-R cell search time, 5G-R access time, service bearer migration interruption time, GSM-R release time, and whether the handover was successful.

[0081] Example 3: Test to suppress false triggering of non-preset cross-network handover zones.

[0082] This example is used to verify that the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test will not erroneously trigger cross-network handover due to signal strength changes in areas outside the preset cross-network handover zone.

[0083] like Figure 5 As shown, a non-preset cross-network handover zone is set in the line scenario database. Within this zone, a second channel simulator is used to simulate a short-term enhancement of the 5G-R signal, even reaching the target network access threshold; simultaneously, the first channel simulator is used to maintain the GSM-R network in a normal communication state.

[0084] During the test, the kilometer marker location input by the location information simulation unit to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is always located outside the preset cross-network handover zone. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test should suppress 5G-R module activation or suppress cross-network handover process according to the location priority principle, and should not perform cross-network handover simply because the 5G-R signal meets the threshold.

[0085] The control unit records whether the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test has been accidentally activated, accessed, switched, or has experienced service abnormalities, and outputs the number of times and location of accidental triggering in non-preset cross-network switching areas.

[0086] Example 4: Ping-Pong Switching Suppression Test.

[0087] This example is used to verify the handover stability of the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test near the boundary of the preset cross-network handover zone.

[0088] The control unit controls the first and second channel simulators to simulate the fluctuations of GSM-R and 5G-R signals near thresholds. For example, the GSM-R network signal changes periodically near the release threshold, and the 5G-R network signal changes periodically near the access threshold, to simulate the wireless signal fluctuations of a train near the boundary of a preset cross-network handover zone.

[0089] The dual-mode vehicle terminal under test should avoid frequent switching between GSM-R and 5G-R networks based on time hysteresis, location hysteresis, or ping-pong handover suppression parameters.

[0090] The control unit records the number of handovers, repeated activations, repeated releases, and service interruptions per unit time to evaluate the ping-pong handover suppression capability of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test.

[0091] Example 5: Target network anomaly rollback test.

[0092] This example is used to test the fault tolerance capability of the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in the event of a target network anomaly.

[0093] like Figure 6 As shown, after the train enters the preset cross-network handover area, the second channel simulator simulates a 5G-R signal that is lower than the access threshold, or the 5G-R base station simulator is configured to refuse access, fail random access, or fail to establish service bearer.

[0094] The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test activates the 5G-R communication module and attempts to access the target network. When the cumulative attempt time reaches the preset timeout protection duration, the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test should stop the target network access attempt, shut down or release the 5G-R communication module, and maintain normal operation of the GSM-R network service. The control unit records the timeout protection trigger time, whether the rollback was successful, whether the GSM-R service was interrupted, and whether the terminal experienced a crash, restart, or abnormal state.

[0095] If the access is successful, the target network service bearer will be established, and a normal cross-network handover will be performed.

[0096] Example 6: Reverse cross-network handover test.

[0097] This example is used to test the process of the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test switching from the 5G-R network to the GSM-R network when the train is running from the 5G-R main coverage area to the GSM-R main coverage area.

[0098] This test does not require changes to the system hardware connection; it only requires adjusting the train running direction, starting kilometer marker, ending kilometer marker, reverse preset cross-network handover zone location, and terminal reverse handover strategy parameters in the line scenario database.

[0099] During the test, the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test first connects to the 5G-R network while keeping the GSM-R communication module off or in a low-power state. When the train enters the preset cross-network handover zone in the opposite direction, the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test activates the GSM-R communication module. After successful access to the GSM-R network and normal service bearer establishment, the service bearer is migrated from the 5G-R network to the GSM-R network.

[0100] The control unit records data throughout the reverse switching process and outputs the test results.

[0101] Example 7: Extreme wireless environment testing.

[0102] This example is used to verify the autonomous cross-network handover performance of the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in extreme wireless environments and fault injection conditions.

[0103] The control unit constructs one or more of the following test scenarios by modifying the train running speed in the line scenario database and the pre-stored channel parameters in the first channel simulator and the second channel simulator:

[0104] High-speed operation scenario: Increase train speed to 400km / h and above, and adjust Doppler frequency shift parameters accordingly; Situation of sudden signal change at tunnel entrances and exits: Configure steep drop in GSM-R signal and steep rise in 5G-R signal at the boundary of tunnel section; Bridge strong reflection multipath scenario: Increase the number and power of multipath paths to simulate a strong reflection environment; Strong fading in rain and snow scenarios: Add rain and snow fading margin to reduce the signal strength received by both networks; For scenarios involving superimposed interference at the same frequency: increase the power of Gaussian white noise or inject interference signals at the same frequency.

[0105] During the test, the control unit synchronously records the train kilometer marker location, dual-network channel parameters, terminal module start / stop status, target network access process, service bearer migration status, abnormal rollback status, and handover failure reasons to evaluate the cross-network handover reliability and fault tolerance capability of the dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in the above extreme scenarios.

[0106] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional modules is used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the system can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0107] Example 2 This invention also provides a test method for autonomous cross-network handover of GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminals, which is mainly based on the system implementation provided in the aforementioned embodiments. The method mainly includes: (1) Store the line scenario data of the target test line in the line scenario database. In this process, configure the line kilometer markers, base station parameters, train operation parameters and section attributes of the target test line.

[0108] In addition, the cross-network handover strategy parameters of the terminal are configured; the channel parameters of GSM-R network and 5G-R network at different kilometer marker locations are calculated using the railway-specific radio wave propagation model; the mapping relationship between kilometer marker location and GSM-R channel parameters is established in the first channel simulator, and the mapping relationship between kilometer marker location and 5G-R channel parameters is established in the second channel simulator, and the channel parameters are pre-stored in the first channel simulator and the second channel simulator respectively.

[0109] (2) Test environment initialization: Start the GSM-R base station simulator and the 5G-R base station simulator, make them run independently of each other, and confirm that there is no inter-network signaling interaction interface between them for cross-network handover control; initialize the first channel simulator and the second channel simulator, so that they can call the pre-stored channel parameters according to the kilometer marker location; initialize the location information simulation unit and the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test, so that the terminal under test is in the initial network access state.

[0110] (3) Train operation and dual-network channel dynamic simulation: The control unit calculates the current train kilometer marker position in real time based on the line scene data, and sends the current train kilometer marker position to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator and the location information simulation unit. The first channel simulator calls the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulates the GSM-R network wireless channel state. The second channel simulator calls the corresponding 5G-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulates the 5G-R network wireless channel state. The location information simulation unit inputs the current train kilometer marker position to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time.

[0111] (4) Autonomous cross-network handover: The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is configured with an autonomous cross-network handover strategy. In the absence of cross-network handover signaling control on the network side, it autonomously performs cross-network handover between the GSM-R network and the 5G-R network according to the current train kilometer marker position and the dual-network signal status. Specifically: After the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test determines that it has entered the preset cross-network handover area based on the train kilometer marker position information, it activates the target network communication module and performs target network search, synchronization, access and service bearer establishment according to the dual-network signal status. When the target network service bearer is successfully established, the terminal under test migrates the communication service bearer from the original network to the target network and releases the original network connection or closes the original network communication module, thus completing the autonomous cross-network handover between the GSM-R network and the 5G-R network in the absence of cross-network handover signaling control on the network side.

[0112] (5) Abnormal scenarios and protection mechanism test: When the target network is unreachable, the target network signal is lower than the access threshold, random access fails, service bearer establishment fails, or service bearer migration is abnormal, the control unit records whether the terminal under test performs a fallback operation in accordance with the preset timeout protection mechanism; when the target network is continuously unreachable and the cumulative attempt time reaches the preset timeout protection duration, the terminal under test closes or releases the target network communication module and maintains or restores the normal working state of the original network communication module.

[0113] (6) Test result analysis: The control unit collects the test data of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test during the autonomous cross-network handover process, and analyzes the cross-network handover performance and the reasons for handover failure based on the test data.

[0114] The cross-network handover performance analysis (i.e., test results) includes target network module activation latency, target cell search latency, target network access success rate, service bearer establishment latency, service bearer migration interruption duration, total cross-network handover duration, number of false triggers in non-preset cross-network handover areas, number of ping-pong handovers, handover failure reasons, timeout protection and rollback success rate, and whether the original network release or shutdown sequence meets one or more of the requirements.

[0115] In addition, the control unit outputs a test report based on the analyzed cross-network handover performance, and can repeatedly execute tests under different operating speeds, different line environments, different channel conditions, and different fault injection conditions by modifying the line scenario database parameters, train operation parameters, channel simulation parameters, interference parameters, and base station response strategies.

[0116] Since the main technical details involved in this method have been described in detail in the previous embodiments, they will not be repeated here.

[0117] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims. The information disclosed in the background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background technology of the present invention and should not be construed as an admission or implication in any way that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A testing system for autonomous cross-network handover of a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal, characterized in that, include: GSM-R base station simulator, 5G-R base station simulator, first channel simulator, second channel simulator, line scenario database, location information simulation unit, control unit, and GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test; The GSM-R base station simulator and the 5G-R base station simulator are two sets of base station simulation equipment that operate independently of each other; The first channel simulator is connected between the GSM-R base station simulator and the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test, and is used to call the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulate the GSM-R network wireless channel status. The second channel simulator is connected between the 5G-R base station simulator and the 5G-R radio frequency channel of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test. It is used to call the corresponding 5G-R channel parameters according to the current kilometer marker position of the train and simulate the 5G-R network wireless channel status. The line scenario database is used to store line scenario data of the target test line; The location information simulation unit is used to input the current train kilometer marker location to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time; The control unit is used to calculate the current train kilometer marker position in real time based on the line scene data, and synchronously send the current train kilometer marker position to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator, and the location information simulation unit; the control unit is also used to collect the test process data of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test during the autonomous cross-network handover process, and analyze the cross-network handover performance and the reasons for handover failure based on the test process data; The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is configured with an autonomous cross-network handover strategy, which is used to autonomously perform cross-network handover between the GSM-R network and the 5G-R network based on the current train kilometer marker position and the dual-network signal status when there is no cross-network handover signaling control on the network side.

2. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first channel simulator stores the mapping relationship between kilometer marker locations and GSM-R channel parameters; the second channel simulator stores the mapping relationship between kilometer marker locations and 5G-R channel parameters. The GSM-R channel parameters and 5G-R channel parameters include one or more of the following: path loss, shadow fading, Doppler shift, multipath delay, multipath power, delay spread, Gaussian white noise power, and co-channel interference power.

3. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The line scenario data includes: line kilometer markers, base station parameters, train operation parameters, and section attributes; The segment attributes include one or more of the following: GSM-R main coverage segment, preset cross-network handover area, 5G-R main coverage segment, and prohibited handover area; the prohibited handover area is a line segment that is not allowed or not suitable for cross-network handover based on the line structure, wireless coverage quality, or electromagnetic environment, including one or more of the following: tunnel segment, bridge segment, steep slope segment, complex curve segment, or strong interference segment.

4. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time input of the current train kilometer marker position to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test includes: The location information simulation unit inputs the current train kilometer marker position to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time through a GNSS simulation interface, a serial communication interface, an Ethernet interface, or a location input interface that can be recognized by the vehicle terminal.

5. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is also used to configure or call the autonomous cross-network handover strategy parameters of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test. The autonomous cross-network handover strategy parameters include one or more of the following: handover area start kilometer marker, handover area end kilometer marker, target network module activation condition, target network access condition, original network release condition, time hysteresis parameter, ping-pong handover suppression parameter, and timeout protection parameter.

6. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is also used to achieve forward cross-network handover testing from GSM-R to 5G-R and reverse cross-network handover testing from 5G-R to GSM-R by adjusting the train running direction, starting kilometer marker, ending kilometer marker, preset cross-network handover area and autonomous cross-network handover strategy parameters.

7. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data from the entire testing process includes one or more of the following: the start / stop status of the GSM-R communication module, the start / stop status of the 5G-R communication module, GSM-R network signal parameters, 5G-R network signal parameters, location information input records, target network search results, target network access signaling, service bearer establishment status, service bearer migration status, original network release status, handover completion time, handover failure reasons, and abnormal rollback results of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test.

8. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-network handover performance includes one or more of the following: target network module activation latency, cell search latency, target network access success rate, service bearer establishment latency, service bearer migration interruption duration, total cross-network handover duration, number of false triggers in non-preset cross-network handover areas, number of ping-pong handovers, and abnormal rollback success rate.

9. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal autonomous cross-network handover test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is also used to determine the entry into the preset cross-network switching zone based on the current train kilometer marker location information, activate the target network communication module, and perform target network search, synchronization, access and service bearer establishment according to the dual network signal status. After the target network service bearer is normal, the communication service bearer is migrated from the original network to the target network, and the original network connection is released or the original network communication module is closed.

10. A test method for autonomous cross-network handover of a GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle-mounted terminal, characterized in that, The system implementation based on any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: The target test line's scenario data is stored in the scenario database. Start the GSM-R base station simulator and the 5G-R base station simulator, and make them run independently of each other; The control unit calculates the current train kilometer marker position in real time based on line scene data and simultaneously sends the current train kilometer marker position to the first channel simulator, the second channel simulator, and the location information simulation unit. The first channel simulator calls the corresponding GSM-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulates the GSM-R network wireless channel state. The second channel simulator calls the corresponding 5G-R channel parameters according to the current train kilometer marker position and simulates the 5G-R network wireless channel state. The location information simulation unit inputs the current train kilometer marker position to the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test in real time. The GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test is equipped with an autonomous cross-network handover strategy. In the absence of cross-network handover signaling control on the network side, it autonomously performs cross-network handover between the GSM-R network and the 5G-R network according to the current train kilometer marker position and the dual-network signal status. The control unit collects data from the entire testing process of the GSM-R / 5G-R dual-mode vehicle terminal under test during autonomous cross-network handover, and analyzes the cross-network handover performance and the reasons for handover failure based on the data.

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