A method and system for self-monitoring of airport navigational light beam pointing

Abstract

The application relates to an airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring method and system, which comprises the following steps: in a lighting period, receiving irradiation light of other lamps in a lamp array through photoelectric detection elements of multiple lamp monitoring units arranged on each lamp, obtaining a corresponding received light intensity sequence of each lamp monitoring unit; acquiring a lighting time table of each lamp in the lamp array; performing source attribution recognition on each received light intensity sequence according to the lighting time table, and determining the corresponding light emitting lamps of each light intensity component in each received light intensity sequence; constructing an inter-lamp light coupling matrix according to the attribution recognition results of the corresponding received light intensity sequences of each lamp monitoring unit and the arrangement geometric relationship among the lamps in the lamp array; taking a baseline coupling matrix established in advance as a reference, inversely calculating the light beam pointing offset of each lamp according to the change of the inter-lamp light coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix; and performing alarm according to the light beam pointing offset of each lamp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of airport visual navigation aids monitoring technology, and in particular to a method and system for self-monitoring the beam direction of airport navigation lights. Background Technology

[0002] Airport navigation lights (such as approach lighting systems) are critical visual navigation aids guiding aircraft approach and landing. Taking approach lighting systems as an example, dozens to hundreds of lights are arranged along the extended centerline of the runway at fixed intervals (usually 30 meters) as stipulated by regulations, forming a light array. The beams emitted by these lights are projected according to standard directions (such as specified elevation and azimuth angles) as stipulated by regulations, providing pilots with visual approach guidance. However, these lights are constantly exposed to the outdoor environment and are affected by factors such as wind and sand impacts, bird strikes, frost heave and thawing, collisions during snow removal operations, and aircraft scraping. This can cause the light heads to shift at angles, resulting in beams deviating from the standard direction, potentially misleading pilots and threatening flight safety.

[0003] Traditional technologies for monitoring the pointing status of navigation lights mainly include the following categories: First, the built-in attitude sensor solution: An inclinometer or inertial measurement unit is installed inside the light fixture to indirectly infer the beam direction by measuring the pitch and roll angles of the light head housing. Second, the periodic external photometric detection solution: The light intensity distribution and beam direction of the lights are periodically detected using vehicle-mounted photometric detection equipment, UAV-borne detection equipment, or ground-based photoelectric alignment instruments. Third, the tower image monitoring solution: Images of the light array are captured by cameras deployed at the control tower, and lights that are extinguished or obviously abnormal are identified through image recognition. Fourth, the light fixture electrical self-test solution: The failure of the light source is determined by detecting electrical parameters such as current and voltage in the light fixture's power supply circuit.

[0004] However, all of the above methods have their limitations. The built-in attitude sensor solution measures the attitude of the lamp head housing, but the housing attitude is only an indirect proxy for beam direction: when the internal optical structures of the luminaire (e.g., lenses, reflectors, light sources) shift or become contaminated and deformed relative to the housing, the housing attitude remains unchanged while the beam direction deviates. Such faults cannot be detected by housing attitude monitoring in principle. The periodic external photometric detection solution uses a reference outside the lamp array, and the direction drift within the time window between two detections is unattended, and the detection operation requires flight area resources. The tower image monitoring solution is limited by weather conditions and image resolution, making it difficult to quantitatively measure beam direction. The luminaire electrical self-test solution can only detect electrical failures of the light source, but cannot detect beam direction deviation or external obstruction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method and system for self-monitoring the beam direction of airport navigation lights that can perform online quantitative monitoring of the beam direction itself without adding external sensors to the light array, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a method for self-monitoring the beam direction of airport navigation lights. The method includes: during the illumination period, receiving illumination light from other lights within the light array through photoelectric detection elements of multiple light monitoring units deployed on each light fixture, obtaining a received light intensity sequence corresponding to each light monitoring unit; acquiring an illumination schedule for each light fixture within the light array, identifying the source attribution of each received light intensity sequence according to the illumination schedule, and determining the luminous fixture corresponding to each light intensity component in each received light intensity sequence; constructing an inter-light optical coupling matrix based on the attribution identification results of the received light intensity sequences corresponding to each light monitoring unit and the geometrical relationship between the lights within the light array; and retrieving the beam direction offset of each light fixture based on the change in the inter-light optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix, using a pre-established baseline coupling matrix as a reference.

[0007] Secondly, this application provides an airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring system, which includes multiple lamp monitoring units on each lamp in the lamp array of airport navigation lights, data aggregation equipment and monitoring host computer; Each lighting monitoring unit includes a photoelectric detection element, which is used to receive the illumination light from other lighting fixtures in the lighting array during the lighting period and obtain the corresponding received light intensity sequence. The data aggregation equipment is used to aggregate the received light intensity sequences corresponding to each lighting monitoring unit; The monitoring host computer is used to: obtain the lighting schedule of each lamp in the lamp array, identify the source of each received light intensity sequence according to the lighting schedule; construct the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix based on the identification results and the geometric relationship between the lamps in the lamp array; and invert the beam pointing offset of each lamp based on the change of the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix, using the pre-established baseline coupling matrix as a reference.

[0008] The aforementioned airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring method and system treats each light fixture in the light array simultaneously as both a monitored object and a light receiving node. During the propagation of light from any light fixture to other light fixtures, its optical path geometry is uniquely determined by the prescribed layout geometry and beam pointing. Therefore, if the beam pointing of any light fixture shifts, the light intensity illuminating other light fixture monitoring units will inevitably change accordingly. In other words, beam pointing information is naturally encoded within the light transmission relationship within the light array. The system receives the illumination light from other light fixtures in the array through photoelectric detection elements and identifies the source of illumination based on the lighting schedule. This allows the optical coupling strength between each pair of receiving nodes and the emitting light fixture to be independently measured and registered as matrix elements in the inter-light optical coupling matrix. Furthermore, using a pre-established baseline coupling matrix under qualified lighting conditions as a reference, the measured change in the inter-light optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix can be used to deduce the beam pointing shift of each light fixture. Since the sensors, source identifiers, and geometric references required for measurement are all inherent in the light array itself, there is no need to add any detection equipment outside the light array. This allows for continuous online quantitative monitoring of the beam direction, a crucial factor for flight safety, within an unattended window between two external detections. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is an application environment diagram of the airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring system in some embodiments; Figure 2 Here are some block diagrams of the lighting monitoring unit in some embodiments; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the self-monitoring method for the direction of airport navigation lights in some embodiments; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the geometric principle of the inter-lamp optical coupling relationship in some embodiments; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sensitivity of changes in received light intensity caused by beam pointing deviation in some embodiments; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the three-factor separation and inversion process in some embodiments; Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of inverting the extinction coefficient distribution along the lamp array axis in some embodiments; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Light array; 200. Lighting monitoring unit; 300. Data aggregation equipment; 400. Monitoring host computer; 201. Self-powered photovoltaic panel; 202. Energy harvesting circuit; 203. Light intensity sampling circuit; 204. Switching circuit; 205. Controller; 206. Inertial measurement unit; 207. Energy storage capacitor; 208. Wireless communication module. Detailed Implementation

[0010] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0011] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are only used to distinguish one technical feature from another, and not to limit the technical features themselves. The term "multiple" as used in this application refers to two or more. The term "and / or" as used in this application refers to one of the solutions, or any combination of multiple solutions.

[0012] This application provides a self-monitoring method for the beam direction of airport navigation lights, which can be applied to, for example... Figure 1 The application environment shown includes a light array 100, multiple lighting monitoring units 200, a data aggregation device 300, and a monitoring host computer 400. The light array 100 is deployed according to the navigation lighting operation specifications. The set of light fixtures consists of... The number is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each lamp is arranged sequentially along the extended line of the runway centerline at the specified spacing. Each lamp is equipped with a lamp monitoring unit 200. Each lamp monitoring unit 200 is connected to the data aggregation device 300 via wireless communication. The data aggregation device 300 is connected to the monitoring host computer 400 via a mobile communication network.

[0013] The lights in the light array 100 may include sequential flashing lights and steady-state lights. Sequential flashing lights are lights that flash sequentially according to a preset flashing schedule, used to provide dynamic visual guidance for pilots; steady-state lights are lights that emit light continuously during their illumination period. The preset flashing schedule is generated by the dimming equipment of the lighting station according to the navigational lighting operation specifications, specifying the flashing time slots and flashing order of each sequential flashing light. Since the preset flashing schedule is an existing technical document for light array operation, this embodiment directly utilizes this existing schedule to complete source attribution identification without applying any additional modulation or coding to the lights for monitoring purposes.

[0014] It should be noted that the placement of each luminaire within the light array 100 (including the spacing between luminaires, installation height, and standard beam direction of each luminaire) is predetermined by the navigation lighting design documents and is a known regulatory constraint. This embodiment uses this known geometric relationship as a structural prior for inversion calculation, which will be detailed later.

[0015] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the lighting monitoring unit 200 includes a self-powered photovoltaic panel 201, an energy harvesting circuit 202, a light intensity sampling circuit 203, a switching circuit 204, a controller 205, an inertial measurement unit 206, an energy storage capacitor 207, and a wireless communication module 208. The switching circuit 204 is connected to the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201, the energy harvesting circuit 202, and the light intensity sampling circuit 203. The energy storage capacitor 207 is connected to the energy harvesting circuit 202 and stores the energy harvested by the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 to power the various electrical components in the lighting monitoring unit 200. The controller 205 is connected to the switching circuit 204, the light intensity sampling circuit 203, the inertial measurement unit 206, and the wireless communication module 208, and performs operations such as mode switching control, photoelectric signal acquisition, attitude data acquisition, and data transmission.

[0016] The lighting monitoring unit 200 operates in two modes: daytime power supply mode and nighttime monitoring mode. During the daytime, the controller 205 controls the switching circuit 204 to connect the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 to the energy harvesting circuit 202. The electrical energy output by the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 under sunlight is stored in the energy storage capacitor 207 after power regulation by the energy harvesting circuit 202. During the lighting period (usually at night or in low visibility conditions), the controller 205 controls the switching circuit 204 to switch the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 from the energy harvesting circuit 202 to the light intensity sampling circuit 203. At this time, the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 functions as a photoelectric detection element. The photoelectric signal generated by the panel under the illumination of other lights in the lamp array is collected by the light intensity sampling circuit 203 and converted into a corresponding received light intensity sequence. The circuit principle of the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201's "dual-purpose" operation will be further detailed later with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] The energy harvesting circuit 202 can be implemented using an energy management chip (such as the BQ25504) with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and low cold start voltage characteristics, enabling the lighting monitoring unit 200 to reliably cold start and maintain self-powered operation in extremely cold and low-light environments. The energy storage capacitor 207 can be implemented using a supercapacitor to avoid the capacity decay problem of chemical batteries in low-temperature environments. It should be noted that the specific selection of the energy harvesting circuit 202 and the energy storage capacitor 207 does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application, and any circuit scheme that can provide self-powered capability for the lighting monitoring unit 200 is applicable to this application.

[0018] The inertial measurement unit 206 is used to collect the lamp head attitude data, which characterizes the pitch and roll angles of the lamp head housing. The wireless communication module 208 is used to send the received light intensity sequence and lamp head attitude data to the data aggregation device 300. Optionally, multiple lamp monitoring units 200 on the same lamp pole can aggregate data to a pole-bottom aggregation unit located at the bottom of the lamp pole via short-range wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth), and then the pole-bottom aggregation unit forwards the data to the monitoring host computer 400 via the data aggregation device 300, thereby reducing communication costs.

[0019] The monitoring host computer 400 is deployed at the lighting station or monitoring center to perform functions such as source attribution identification, construction of inter-light optical coupling matrix, beam pointing offset inversion, and alarm processing. Optionally, the monitoring host computer 400 can be a standalone physical server or a server cluster consisting of multiple physical servers. This application does not limit the specific form of the monitoring host computer 400.

[0020] To facilitate clear description of the following embodiments, the terms and symbols used in this application are uniformly defined herein, and their meanings are strictly consistent with the definitions herein when they appear in subsequent places.

[0021] Beam pointing refers to the spatial orientation of the central axis of the light beam emitted by a luminaire relative to a reference coordinate system. It can be represented by the beam's elevation and azimuth angles. The beam pointing offset is denoted as... , refers to the number The angle of deviation of the beam direction of the luminaire from the standard direction of the luminaire, wherein From 1 to integers, This represents the total number of lights in the light array 100.

[0022] A lighting schedule refers to a timetable that specifies the individual lighting periods for each lamp within a lamp array of 100. One specific form of a lighting schedule is a preset flash schedule for sequential flash lamps; for steady-state lamps, the lighting schedule degenerates into an operational timetable that records the start and end times of lighting.

[0023] The received light intensity sequence refers to the time sequence of photoelectric signals measured by the photoelectric detection element of the lighting monitoring unit 200 within one monitoring cycle. (Numbered as...) The received light intensity sequence corresponding to the lighting monitoring unit is denoted as ,in From 1 to integers, The sampling time.

[0024] The inter-lamp optical coupling matrix, denoted as This refers to a matrix structure composed of the light coupling intensity between luminaires within a 100-luminaire array. Matrix; where the first Line 1 Column matrix elements Used to characterize number The lamps (as light-emitting lamps) and the numbered The optical coupling strength between the lighting monitoring units (as receiving nodes), Through the It belongs to the category of lighting fixtures The light intensity components are extracted. Since the lamp does not receive the light it emits, the matrix... The diagonal elements are not included in the calculation.

[0025] Baseline coupling matrix, denoted as The baseline coupling matrix refers to the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix pre-established after the beam direction of each lamp is calibrated to be qualified. It is used to characterize the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix corresponding to lamp array 100 when the beam direction of each lamp is in the standard state. The process of establishing the baseline coupling matrix (i.e., the baseline self-learning process) will be described in detail later.

[0026] Light output factor, denoted as , refers to the number The ratio of the actual luminous output of a luminaire to its standard luminous output is used to characterize the overall change in luminous output caused by factors such as light source aging and light decay. Atmospheric transmittance factor, denoted as... , refers to the transmittance coefficient of light when it propagates in the atmospheric environment where the lamp array is located. For all lamp pairs (i.e. all combinations of light-emitting lamps and receiving nodes) within the same monitoring period, the atmospheric transmittance factor is approximately the same, constituting the common modulus.

[0027] A path segment refers to a spatial section along the axis of the light array defined by the installation positions of two adjacent light fixtures, and is numbered as follows: , From 1 to Integer; path segment extinction coefficient, denoted as , refers to the The extinction coefficient (unit: per meter) of the atmosphere within a path segment is used to characterize the atmosphere's ability to attenuate light within that path segment; the visibility of the path segment is denoted as... This refers to the following according to the first Extinction coefficient of each path segment The calculated visibility is used to characterize the atmospheric transparency within the corresponding airspace of that path segment. A single-hop light pair refers to a combination of luminaires and receiving nodes spaced one standard interval apart; a double-hop light pair refers to a combination of luminaires and receiving nodes spaced two standard intervals apart. A reciprocal light pair refers to two light pairs consisting of two sets of luminaires from the same pair, each serving as both a luminaire and a receiving node, forming two pairs with opposite optical path directions.

[0028] In some embodiments, a self-monitoring method for the beam direction of airport navigation lights is provided, which is executed collaboratively by a monitoring host computer 400 and each light monitoring unit 200. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step S302: During the lighting period, the photoelectric detection element of each lamp monitoring unit receives the illumination light from other lamps in the lamp array, and obtains the received light intensity sequence corresponding to each lamp monitoring unit.

[0029] Specifically, when the lighting period arrives, the controller 205 of each lamp monitoring unit 200 controls the switching circuit 204 to switch the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 to the light intensity sampling circuit 203, transforming the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 from a power supply element to a photoelectric detection element. Subsequently, when light emitted by any lamp in the lamp array 100 propagates to the location of other lamps, it will excite photoelectric signals on the self-powered photovoltaic panels 201 of those other lamps; the light intensity sampling circuit 203 collects these photoelectric signals according to a set sampling frequency to obtain the received light intensity sequence. .

[0030] The physical principle here is the inverse square law of photovoltaic effect and illuminance. Firstly, when the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 is exposed to sunlight, it generates photogenerated carriers, and its open-circuit voltage... With received illuminance They satisfy a logarithmic response relationship: ; in The ideality factor of the diode is dimensionless. Boltzmann constant (unit: joules per Kelvin). Absolute temperature (unit: Kelvin). Elementary charge (unit: coulomb). The reference illuminance is expressed in lux. This logarithmic response allows the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 to produce a distinguishable voltage output across multiple orders of magnitude of illuminance: even in... In this environment, for every order of magnitude change in illuminance, the open-circuit voltage changes by approximately 45-50 millivolts, far exceeding the resolution limit of a constant-scale conversion circuit. Secondly, the inverse square law of illuminance indicates that the illuminance of the receiving surface under the approximation of a point light source... ; in For the direction of the light fixture Luminous intensity (unit: candela) on the surface. This refers to the distance between the luminaire and the receiver (in meters). For example, a sequential flash with a peak luminous intensity of 20,000 candela has an instantaneous illuminance of approximately 22 lux at 30 meters, while the background illuminance in a moonless night is approximately... The difference between the two is on the order of lux, which is more than three orders of magnitude. Therefore, the light signal between the lamps has an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio margin relative to the ambient background.

[0031] Step S304: Obtain the lighting schedule of each lamp in the lamp array, identify the source attribution of each received light intensity sequence according to the lighting schedule, and determine the light-emitting lamp corresponding to each light intensity component in each received light intensity sequence.

[0032] Specifically, the monitoring host computer 400 obtains the nighttime lighting schedule (e.g., a preset flash schedule) from the dimming equipment of the lighting station and distributes the lighting schedule to each lighting monitoring unit 200 via the data aggregation device 300 for sampling time alignment. Since the preset flash schedule specifies the flash slots for each sequential flash lamp, and the flash slots of each sequential flash lamp do not overlap in time, the light intensity pulse measured by any receiving node within a certain flash slot uniquely identifies the emitting lamp—that is, the sequential flash lamp corresponding to that flash slot in the preset flash schedule. Therefore, the monitoring host computer 400 can adjust the received light intensity sequence according to the flash slots specified in the preset flash schedule. Time slot slicing is performed to obtain the light intensity pulses corresponding to each flash time slot, and the light intensity pulses corresponding to each flash time slot are assigned to the sequential flash lamps corresponding to that flash time slot, thereby completing the source attribution identification.

[0033] The essence of the above-mentioned source attribution identification is the reverse application of the time division multiple access principle: the preset flashing timetable is an operating system executed by the light array to provide dynamic guidance to the pilot. Its objective effect is that the emission periods of each light are separated from each other in time. This application utilizes this existing time separation characteristic so that each light intensity pulse naturally carries the identity information of its emitting light, so that no additional modulation is applied to the light for monitoring purposes, and the mixed received light intensity sequence can be decomposed into the light intensity components of each emitting light.

[0034] Step S306: Based on the attribution identification results of each received light intensity sequence and the arrangement geometric relationship between each lamp in the lamp array, construct the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix.

[0035] Specifically, for each pair of lamps With receiving node The monitoring host computer 400 Extracting items belonging to lighting fixtures The light intensity component is statistically processed within a monitoring period (e.g., the average peak value of multiple flashes is taken to suppress random noise in a single measurement) to obtain the measured coupling strength of the lamp pair, which is then recorded as the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix. Matrix elements After traversing all light pairs, the inter-light optical coupling matrix for that night is obtained. .like Figure 4 As shown, the geometric relationships are used to determine which matrix elements between lamp pairs have valid physical meaning (e.g., the matrix elements corresponding to the receiving nodes located in the beam coverage direction of the luminaire are valid elements), and to provide structural priors for subsequent inversion calculations.

[0036] Step S308: Using the pre-established baseline coupling matrix as a reference, the beam pointing offset of each lamp is inverted based on the change of the inter-lamp light coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix.

[0037] This section first explains the physical principle behind the change in received light intensity caused by beam pointing deviation, and then describes the inversion process. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the lighting fixture The emitted light beam diverges along its propagation direction, and its angular distribution can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution: ; in The luminous intensity is denoted by the light intensity along the direction of the beam center. The angle of deviation relative to the central axis of the beam. The half-width of the beam (the typical half-width of the vertical angle of the approach lamp beam is approximately...) Lighting fixtures With adjacent receiving nodes Spacing between As stipulated by regulations (e.g., 30 meters), and with similar installation heights for the lighting fixtures, adjacent receiving nodes... Located in the lighting fixtures The lower edge region of the beam, i.e., the deflection angle corresponding to adjacent receiving nodes. It is approximately equal to the nominal elevation angle of the light beam. When the luminaire... The beam direction has shifted. At that time, the receiving node The angle of deviation relative to the central axis of the beam is determined by Become The corresponding received light intensity is determined by Become The ratio of the two is: ; Substituting typical values ​​can illustrate the sensitivity of this structure: taking (The receiving node is located at the edge of the beam), when At that time, the received light intensity changes by approximately +32%; when At that time, the received light intensity changes by approximately +56%. That is... A beam pointing deviation of an order of magnitude can cause a change in received light intensity of an order of magnitude 30%. This change is two orders of magnitude higher than the measurement resolution (thousands of units) of an analog-to-digital converter circuit. Therefore, sub-quantum-level pointing deviations can be reliably detected in principle. The underlying physical principle is the spacing between the beams. The angular displacement of the lamp is amplified into the linear displacement of the beam landing point ( The angular offset corresponds to a spot displacement of approximately 0.5 meters at 30 meters, and the receiving node is located precisely in the illuminance drop zone at the edge of the beam. Even a small spot displacement causes a significant change in illuminance. In other words, the standard spacing of the lamp array naturally constitutes an angular displacement amplifier, and this application utilizes this existing geometric resource.

[0038] Based on the above principle, the monitoring host computer 400 will measure the actual inter-lamp optical coupling matrix. Coupling matrix with baseline By comparing the relative changes in each matrix element, the beam pointing offset of each lamp can be inverted. One problem that this inversion needs to address is that changes in received light intensity are not solely caused by beam pointing deviation, but may also be due to light source aging (emission factor). Changes) or meteorological conditions (atmospheric transmittance factor) The changes (caused by the data) necessitate the separation of three types of factors from the observational data. This separation process (i.e., the three-factor separation inversion) will be detailed later with accompanying figures.

[0039] Step S310: Issue an alarm based on the beam direction offset of each lamp.

[0040] Specifically, the monitoring host computer 400 will determine the beam direction offset of each lamp. The beam direction is compared with the corresponding pointing threshold (for example, the pointing threshold can be set according to the pointing tolerance specified in the navigation lighting operation specifications); when the beam direction deviation of any lamp exceeds the pointing threshold, an alarm message containing the lamp number and deviation information is generated to prompt maintenance personnel to perform lamp recalibration work. Optionally, the alarm message can also be output in conjunction with the fault type and maintenance work order described later.

[0041] In the aforementioned self-monitoring method for the beam direction of airport navigation lights, the measured object (the beams of each light fixture), the measurement sensor (the photoelectric detection element of each light fixture monitoring unit), the source identifier (lighting schedule), and the geometric reference (the geometric relationship stipulated by regulations) are all intrinsically generated within the light array itself, forming a closed-loop measurement chain. Without a lighting schedule, the mixed light signal cannot be attributed to a specific light fixture; without a photoelectric detection element, there is no receiving end; without regulatory geometric constraints, there is no definite mapping relationship between matrix elements and pointing offset, making the inversion unsolvable. Therefore, this method achieves online quantitative monitoring of the beam direction itself without adding any external sensors to the light array.

[0042] In some embodiments, the baseline coupling matrix The baseline is pre-established through a self-learning process. Specifically, during the first lighting period after the beam direction of each lamp has been calibrated by external calibration equipment (such as flight calibration or ground photometric alignment equipment) and the set meteorological conditions are met (such as a clear night with visibility greater than the set visibility threshold), the monitoring host computer 400 collects the received light intensity sequence corresponding to each lamp monitoring unit 200, completes the source attribution identification according to the lighting timetable, and constructs an initial coupling matrix based on the attribution identification result and the deployment geometry. This initial coupling matrix is ​​then stored as the baseline coupling matrix. .

[0043] The role of baseline self-learning is that factors such as the actual beam shape of the luminaire, ground albedo, and the obstruction relationship of the luminaire structure are difficult to accurately model using analytical models. However, when the luminaire's pointing is correct, these factors are all fixed in the measured initial coupling matrix. Subsequent monitoring only cares about the change in the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix, without relying on the absolute modeling accuracy of the light transmission process. In other words, baseline self-learning transforms the "absolute photometric measurement problem" into a "relative change detection problem," thereby avoiding the overwhelming effect of absolute modeling errors on weak drift signals.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the inversion process of beam pointing offset in step S308 includes the following steps: Step S602: Perform logarithmic domain difference operation on the corresponding matrix elements in the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix and the baseline coupling matrix to obtain the logarithmic domain residuals corresponding to each matrix element.

[0045] Specifically, we define the dimensionless relative coupling strength. .because and All are optical coupling intensities and have the same dimensions. Since it is a dimensionless quantity, its logarithm can be taken. Based on the physical relationship between steps S304 and S306, the measured coupling strength can be decomposed into the product of three factors: ,in For light-emitting lamps The light output factor, Geometric gain factor This is the atmospheric transmittance factor. Similarly, under baseline conditions... Taking the logarithm of the relative coupling strength yields the logarithmic domain residual: ; in It represents the logarithmic component of the change in light intensity. This indicates the logarithmic component pointing to the offset. The logarithmic component representing atmospheric changes. This represents the noise component. Since logarithmic operations transform the multiplicative model into an additive model, the influence of the three types of factors manifests as separable additive components in the logarithmic field, which forms the mathematical basis for subsequent separation operations.

[0046] Step S604: Eliminate the atmospheric common-mode component from each logarithmic domain residual to obtain the purification residual corresponding to each matrix element.

[0047] Specifically, for the same monitoring period, the atmospheric transmittance factor All pairs of lights within the array are approximately identical, that is... This is the common component of all logarithmic domain residuals. Therefore, the median of the logarithmic domain residuals corresponding to each matrix element within the same monitoring period is taken as the estimated value of the atmospheric common mode component. This atmospheric common mode component is then subtracted from each logarithmic domain residual to obtain the purification residual. ; The reason for using the median instead of the arithmetic mean is that when a few lamps experience pointing deviation or light decay, their abnormal residuals only account for a minority of the total. The median is robust to a few outliers, thus primarily reflecting the common weather changes across all lamp pairs, rather than being affected by individual abnormal lamps. This process purifies the residuals. Meteorological factors have been eliminated.

[0048] Step S606: Based on the spatial distribution pattern of each purification residual, separate the light output factor and beam pointing offset of each lamp.

[0049] Here, it is necessary to rigorously clarify the separability condition between the light intensity factor and the beam pointing offset. (Light intensity factor) It is a light-emitting lamp. The overall properties of the light fixture, and their changes, act proportionally on the light fixture. All receiving nodes. And for the beam pointing offset... As can be seen from the angular distribution relationship in step S308, the receiving node The relative light intensity change at a certain point depends on the angle of deflection. In the case of one-dimensional equidistant arrangement of the light array along its axis and all receiving nodes being installed at the same height, the deflection angle of each forward receiving node relative to the beam center axis is... When the relative light intensity changes caused by the pointing offset are approximately equal (both approximately equal to the nominal elevation angle of the beam), the relative light intensity changes caused by the pointing offset are also approximately the same for each receiving node. That is, under ideal one-dimensional uniform geometry, the pointing offset and the change in light output are mathematically indistinguishable based solely on the spatial distribution of light intensity in a single monitoring period. This application achieves reliable separation of the two components through the following three physically independent criteria: First, the temporal structure criterion: the change in light output caused by light source aging is monotonically gradual over time (timescale from months to years), while the pointing deviation caused by events such as collisions and scrapes is a step-like abrupt change, and the abrupt change time is aligned with the impact characteristics measured by the inertial measurement unit of the lamp monitoring unit. The temporal evolution patterns of the two are completely different. Second, the long-term trend and aging model criterion: using the light intensity baseline established by baseline self-learning and the aging curve provided by the light source manufacturer as priors, the long-term slow-changing components are decomposed into trends, and the components whose residuals exceed the set drift threshold are judged as pointing drift. Third, the geometric diversity criterion: when there are differences in the installation height of each lamp in the lamp array or there is a lateral misalignment of the receiving node relative to the beam axis (e.g., the actual installation situation of mixed sequential flash lamps and steady-state lamps, terrain undulations, or inconsistent bracket heights), the deflection angle of each receiving node is determined. The relative light intensity changes caused by the pointing offset at each receiving node are different from those at each receiving node. The corresponding gradient distribution, while the change in light output remains strictly proportional, allows for direct least-squares fitting of the cleanup residuals at each receiving node to separate the two. It should be noted that criteria one and two mentioned above are integral components of the three-layer cross-validation architecture described in Section 9 below—the lamp head attitude data provided by the inertial measurement unit is independent physical evidence separating pointing offset from changes in light output. The optical mutual measurement channel and the inertial measurement channel are mutually necessary conditions in the attribution process, rather than simple redundant backups.

[0050] In the above three-factor separation and inversion process, logarithmic domain differencing transforms multiplicative interference into additive components. Median common mode elimination utilizes the statistical structure of "meteorological factors being consistent across all lamp pairs and faults affecting only individual lamps" to eliminate meteorological factors. Temporal characteristic decomposition utilizes the temporal structure differences of "monotonically gradual light decay and collision-induced abrupt step changes" and combines inertial measurement cross-validation to separate lamp-specific factors. Each operation is interconnected, and their common basis is the distinguishability of the three types of factors in spatial statistical structure or temporal evolution structure, rather than empirical approximations of any one of them, thus ensuring the physical reliability of the separation results.

[0051] It should be noted that the above median common-mode elimination will affect the atmospheric transmittance factor. The atmospheric factors are processed as a global common-mode scalar, which aligns with physical reality under good visibility conditions (e.g., visibility greater than 5 km). However, under low-visibility weather conditions (e.g., with advection fog or localized fog patches), atmospheric attenuation is not uniform across different spatial locations, and the global common-mode assumption loses spatial distribution information of atmospheric attenuation. The following embodiments further upgrade atmospheric factors from global scalars to path-resolved vectors, transforming the atmospheric components that were previously treated as noise cancellation into a second type of monitoring product—visibility distribution and localized fog patch locations along the light array axis.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the path-resolved atmospheric extinction inversion process includes the following steps: Step S702: If it is determined that the current visibility is low, the path-resolved extinction inversion is initiated.

[0053] Specifically, the monitoring host computer 400 can calculate the atmospheric common-mode component (i.e., the median in step S604) according to the monitoring cycle, and compare the equivalent visibility corresponding to the atmospheric common-mode component with the set visibility threshold (e.g., 5 kilometers). When the equivalent visibility is lower than the set visibility threshold, it indicates that the atmospheric attenuation difference between different path segments has a measurable magnitude, and the global common-mode assumption is no longer applicable. At this time, path-resolved extinction inversion is initiated. Conversely, if the spatial difference in atmospheric attenuation is less than the measurement noise, global common-mode elimination can continue to be used to avoid invalid inversion when the signal is insufficient. Thus, the inversion process is automatically determined by the physical criteria for signal measurability, and the two processing modes are seamlessly connected.

[0054] Step S704: For each pair of lights in the light array, extract the path extinction of the propagation path of each pair of lights.

[0055] This section first clarifies the physical definition and extraction principle of path extinction. According to Beer-Lambert law, the transmittance of light propagating through the atmosphere is determined by the integral of the extinction coefficient along the path: ; in Position on the optical path The extinction coefficient at the point. In the logarithmic domain, the path extinction is the line integral of the extinction coefficient along the path, i.e. The path extinction is determined solely by the atmospheric conditions of the space through which the light path passes. The method for extracting the path extinction is as follows: after obtaining the purification residuals of each lamp pair using the baseline coupling matrix as a reference, the emitter factors are subtracted back—the light output factor is extrapolated according to the light source aging model (its change timescale is much larger than a monitoring period, and can be considered a known constant within a single monitoring period), and the beam pointing offset is subtracted according to the separation result of step S606—the remaining component is the path extinction of the propagation path traversed by the lamp pair. It should be noted that Beer-Lambert attenuation exhibits path reciprocity, meaning that the same optical path has the same attenuation in both directions. For reciprocal lamp pairs where the received light intensity of the reverse optical path (e.g., the receiving node located in the backward overflow region of the luminaire beam) meets the signal-to-noise ratio requirements, the two directions of the reciprocal lamp pair can provide two independent observations of the same propagation path. Averaging these observations can further reduce the estimation noise of the path extinction.

[0056] Step S706: Construct a set of path extinction equations based on the propagation path of each lamp pair and the attribution relationship of each path segment, and solve for the extinction coefficient distribution of each path segment.

[0057] Specifically, the direction of the light array axis is discretized into The path segment, the first Extinction coefficient of each path segment For a single-pole lamp pair (e.g., a lamp fixture), the unknown quantity is to be determined. With receiving node Its optical path exactly crosses a path segment, establishing the first path extinction equation: ; in Standard spacing for installation; for double-dopator light pairs (e.g., light fixtures) With receiving node Its optical path spans two path segments, establishing the second path extinction equation: ; Solving the equations for all single-pole and double-pole light pairs simultaneously, we obtain the following: There are 1 equation, and the unknowns are 12 equations. The extinction coefficients of each path segment, with the number of equations exceeding the number of unknowns, constitute an overdetermined linear system of equations, which can be solved using the least squares method. The significance of the double-hop equations lies in two aspects: first, providing redundant observations from different paths for each path segment, reducing measurement noise from a single path; second, the combination of single-hop and double-hop equations constitutes a consistency constraint on the solution results, allowing residual analysis to eliminate transient disturbances (such as aircraft wakes or bird crossings) that contaminate a path.

[0058] It's important to note the mathematical goodness of this inversion: the lamp array is a one-dimensional linear array, with all optical paths distributed along the array's axis. Therefore, this embodiment limits the inversion target to the one-dimensional extinction coefficient distribution along the array's axis, rather than a three-dimensional spatial distribution. This limitation ensures a strict match between the optical path geometry and the structure of the unknowns—each path segment is traversed by multiple optical paths along the axis, the coefficient matrix of the path extinction equations is full rank, and the solution exists and is unique. In other words, this embodiment only utilizes geometrically observable information from the lamp array's optical path network and does not require spatial coverage capabilities that the optical path network lacks.

[0059] Step S708: Determine the visibility distribution based on the extinction coefficient distribution of each path segment, and identify local fog patches.

[0060] Specifically, according to Koschmieder's law, the extinction coefficient of each path segment is converted into the visibility of that path segment: ; in The coefficient related to the visual contrast threshold (when the contrast threshold is 5%). When the comparison threshold is 2%, Therefore, along the axis of the light array The visibility distribution is then transformed into a continuous visibility profile. Next, the difference in extinction coefficients between adjacent path segments is compared with a fog detection threshold: when the difference exceeds the threshold, it indicates a spatial abrupt change in atmospheric attenuation, indicating the presence of a local fog. The coverage area of ​​the local fog is determined by the set of continuous path segments with extinction coefficients significantly higher than the median of all path segments, and the boundary of the local fog is determined by the location of the path segment where the sign of the difference reverses. Optionally, the visibility distribution can also be compared and verified with the spot measurement results of the airport's existing runway visual range (RVR) equipment to fuse and output more complete low visibility warning information.

[0061] In terms of signal magnitude, using standard spacing For example: when visibility is 3 kilometers, The path extinction of a single-hop path is approximately 0.039 (corresponding to about 3.9% light intensity change), while that of a double-hop path is approximately 0.078. At a visibility of 1 km, the path extinction of a double-hop path is approximately 0.235; at a visibility of 500 m, the path extinction of a double-hop path is approximately 0.469. After time-domain gating and statistical averaging of multiple flashes, the residual measurement noise of the received light intensity is on the order of one percent. Therefore, the path extinction signal under low visibility conditions is several to tens of times higher than the measurement noise, and the inversion has sufficient signal-to-noise ratio margin. On the other hand, the single-pass attenuation model of the Beer-Lambert law has limitations in optical path... It is true when the value is less than 1. (where is the path length), corresponding to all intervals with visibility greater than approximately 235 meters under the standard spacing, which precisely covers the critical range for low visibility operation; when visibility is below this limit, the multiple scattering effect is enhanced, the inversion results are automatically downweighted and only qualitative alarms are output.

[0062] The path-resolved atmospheric extinction inversion process and the three-factor separation inversion process share the same logarithmic domain decomposition framework: the three-factor separation treats the atmosphere as a global common mode and eliminates it to ensure the accuracy of the beam pointing offset inversion; the path-resolved inversion, under low visibility conditions, upgrades the atmospheric components into path-resolved vectors and extracts them to output the visibility distribution and local fog location. Both processes the same inter-lamp optical coupling matrix data, automatically switching processing modes based on signal amplitude conditions, and the output results are mutually verified—the visibility distribution explains the atmospheric components in the apparent changes in the light output of each lamp, avoiding the misjudgment of atmospheric attenuation as light source attenuation in foggy weather, thereby improving the accuracy of fault type differentiation and maintenance work order generation. Thus, the first layer of information (lamp pointing) and the second layer of information (atmospheric spatial distribution) of the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix are extracted sequentially within the same data stream and the same mathematical framework, and the two layers of information are mutually verified and do not interfere with each other.

[0063] In some embodiments, the photoelectric signal sampling in step S302 adopts a time-domain gating method. Specifically, the monitoring host computer 400 determines each sampling time window according to the lighting schedule, each sampling time window covers the lighting period of each light-emitting lamp, and the time period outside each sampling time window is the off period; each lamp monitoring unit 200 turns on the signal sampling of the photoelectric detection element within each sampling time window, and turns off the signal sampling during the off period.

[0064] The effect of time-domain gating is equivalent to coherent detection: because the lighting schedule precisely defines the lighting time of each lamp, stray ambient light (such as moonlight, ground reflection, and aircraft lights) falling outside the sampling time window is completely eliminated, and only the light signal falling within the sampling time window participates in subsequent processing. As a result, the equivalent noise bandwidth of signal processing is compressed to within the bandwidth corresponding to the sampling time window, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved; at the same time, not sampling during the off-time period also reduces the power consumption of the lamp monitoring unit 200, which is compatible with the self-powered constraint.

[0065] In some embodiments, after separating the light output factor and beam pointing offset of each luminaire, the monitoring host computer 400 can also generate differentiated maintenance work orders based on their combination patterns. Specifically, for the same luminaire: when the light output factor of the luminaire decreases by more than a first amplitude threshold and the beam pointing offset does not exceed the pointing threshold, it indicates that the light source has aged or partially failed but is pointing normally, and a light source replacement work order is generated; when the beam pointing offset exceeds the pointing threshold, a lamp calibration work order is generated; when the light output factor decreases by more than the first amplitude threshold, and the decrease in the corresponding purification residuals of the luminaire at the adjacent receiving nodes is significantly greater than the decrease at the receiving nodes far from the luminaire, it indicates that the light-emitting surface of the luminaire is partially blocked by snow, dust, or foreign objects (the blocking effect of the obstruction on the nearby receiving nodes is stronger than that on the distant receiving nodes), and an obstruction cleaning work order is generated. Thus, the monitoring results are directly converted into executable maintenance instructions, avoiding misjudgments caused by general alarms for different types of faults.

[0066] In some embodiments, the beam pointing self-monitoring method, inertial measurement, and photovoltaic solar attitude inversion constitute a three-layer cross-validation architecture to distinguish between housing faults and beam faults. This three-layer architecture includes: The first layer (beam layer): This refers to the inversion of the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix mentioned earlier, which outputs the beam pointing offset of each lamp. Its monitoring object is the beam itself, and the effective time period is the lighting period.

[0067] The second layer (dynamic shell layer): The inertial measurement unit 206 of each lamp monitoring unit 200 collects lamp head attitude data and outputs the change in shell attitude of each lamp. Its monitoring object is the lamp head shell, which can work around the clock and has a second-level response capability to transient impacts such as collisions.

[0068] The third layer (shell reference layer): During the daytime, the daily power curves of the photovoltaic panels 201 that supply power are recorded. Since the photovoltaic output power and the solar incident angle satisfy a cosine relationship, and the apparent motion of the sun can be accurately calculated by calendar and geographical coordinates, the shape of the daily power curve encodes the absolute attitude information of the photovoltaic panel (i.e., the lamp head). Based on the matching relationship between each daily power curve and the geometric model of the apparent motion of the sun, the absolute attitude angle of each lamp can be inverted. Then, using this absolute attitude angle as a drift-free measurement reference, the zero bias (especially the temperature drift in low-temperature environments) of the inertial measurement unit 206 is calibrated online. The calibrated inertial measurement unit 206 is then used to collect lamp head attitude data.

[0069] The logic of the three-layer cross-validation is as follows: the beam direction is jointly determined by the lamp head housing and the internal optical structure. Therefore, there is a definite physical correlation between the two observations, "housing attitude" and "beam direction," and the difference between the two observations precisely reveals the physical location of the fault. Specifically: when both the housing attitude change and the beam direction offset exceed the limit, it indicates that the entire lamp has been impacted by an external force, which is judged as a collision-induced deviation fault, triggering a second-level alarm; when the housing attitude change does not exceed the limit but the beam direction offset exceeds the limit, it indicates that the housing has not moved but the internal optical structure (lens, reflector, or light source) has shifted, become contaminated, or deformed, which is judged as an internal optical cabin fault, generating a corresponding diagnostic work order; when the housing attitude change exceeds the limit but the beam direction offset does not exceed the limit, it indicates that the housing has become loose but the direction of the internal optical cabin has not yet been affected, which is judged as a housing loosening fault, generating a trend warning. In traditional housing attitude monitoring, the above three types of faults present the same observation (housing angle change), and cannot be distinguished in principle; however, in this embodiment, since the observations of the beam layer and the housing layer are independent and have a clear physical correlation, the three types of faults can be distinguished for the first time.

[0070] In some embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 2 The switching circuit 204 includes a first switch K1 and a second switch K2. During the daytime, the controller 205 controls the first switch K1 to be turned on and the second switch K2 to be turned off. The self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 is connected to the energy harvesting circuit 202 via the first switch K1. The energy harvesting circuit 202 performs maximum power point tracking and stores the electrical energy output by the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 in the energy storage capacitor 207 after adjustment. During the lighting period, the controller 205 controls the first switch K1 to be turned off and the second switch K2 to be turned on. The self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 is connected to the light intensity sampling circuit 203 via the second switch K2. The light intensity sampling circuit 203 collects the open-circuit voltage (or short-circuit current) of the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 and converts it into a digital light intensity sequence.

[0071] It should be noted that the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 can serve a dual purpose because the photovoltaic effect simultaneously manifests as energy conversion characteristics (converting light energy into electrical energy for daytime power supply) and photoelectric response characteristics (open-circuit voltage changes logarithmically with illuminance for nighttime light intensity measurement) on the same device. These two characteristics share the same PN junction structure, corresponding only to different external circuit operating conditions. Therefore, by changing the external circuit connection of the self-powered photovoltaic panel 201 through the switching circuit 204, the same device can switch between the roles of "power supply" and "sensor" without requiring any additional dedicated photosensitive elements. This reuse relationship also forms a closed loop: the energy collected during the day powers nighttime monitoring, and the object monitored at night (the light from other lamps) is converted into a measurable signal through the same device, thus closing the energy chain and information chain on the same physical device.

[0072] To enable those skilled in the art to further understand the technical solution of this application, a complete numerical embodiment is given below. The light array includes 30 sets of sequential flashlights, arranged at intervals... Peak luminous intensity beam angle half width The nominal elevation angle positions the adjacent luminaire monitoring unit at the lower edge of the beam. Ambient temperature .

[0073] In terms of signal-to-noise ratio, lighting fixtures Instantaneous illuminance generated at adjacent receiving nodes (30 meters apart) during a flash. ; The illuminance is about three orders of magnitude higher than the nighttime background (approximately 0.01 lux). For receiving nodes spaced two distances apart (60 meters), the illuminance is approximately 5.6 lux, still more than two orders of magnitude higher than the background. The open-circuit voltage of the self-powered photovoltaic panel exhibits a logarithmic response to the illuminance; a difference of three orders of magnitude in illuminance corresponds to an open-circuit voltage difference of approximately 135-150 millivolts, which can be reliably distinguished by a conventional 12-bit analog-to-digital converter circuit.

[0074] Regarding pointing sensitivity, the beam direction of lamp 5 is assumed to be upward. The relative light intensity change at adjacent receiving nodes is: ; That is, the received light intensity increases by approximately 32%; the direction is deflected downwards. In this case, based on the same angular distribution relationship, the received light intensity decreases by approximately 32% (in opposite directions, with similar amplitudes, exhibiting an asymmetrical distribution). This magnitude of change far exceeds the measurement noise level and can be stably detected.

[0075] Regarding the three-factor separation, suppose that 5 lights are collided and their pointing direction shifts during the same night. (Its purification residual shows a step jump of +0.28 on the flash period scale), and the cumulative light decay of the luminaire decreased by 30% after several months of operation (its purification residual monotonically and slowly changed to [value missing] on the weekly scale). At the same time, the overall atmospheric transmittance factor changes (e.g., fog makes...) (Decrease of 10%). In the logarithmic field residuals, The common term for all lamp pairs is eliminated after median common-mode elimination; the cleaned residuals of all forward receiving nodes of lamp 5 synchronously jump by +0.28, and the jump time is aligned with the impact characteristics measured by its inertial measurement unit, which is determined to be collision-induced bias and solved. The purification residuals of all receiving nodes of lamp 7 exhibit a monotonically slow change, consistent with the trend of the light source aging model, and are therefore determined to be light decay and solved. (This corresponds to a decrease in light output of approximately 30%). The three types of factors were correctly separated based on the spatial common-mode structure and the temporal evolution structure, and the simulation results were consistent with the set values.

[0076] In terms of fault classification, if the inertial measurement unit of lamp 5 detects a sudden change in the housing attitude at the same time, it is determined to be a collision-induced deviation fault and triggers a second-level alarm; if the housing attitude of lamp 5 does not change, it is determined to be an internal fault of the optical cabin; for lamp 7, a light source replacement work order is generated instead of a lamp calibration work order, avoiding the incorrect maintenance caused by the general classification of light output reduction as "lamp fault" in the traditional solution.

[0077] The following is a numerical example of path-resolved atmospheric extinction inversion. Assume a nighttime visibility of approximately 1 km, and that the path segment corresponding to luminaires 12 to 15 contains localized fog (visibility within the fog is approximately 300 m). In this case, the equivalent visibility corresponding to the global atmospheric common-mode component is lower than a set visibility threshold, and path-resolved inversion automatically initiates. The double-hop path extinction for the normal path segment (1 km visibility) is approximately 0.235, while the single-hop path extinction for the foggy path segment (300 m visibility) reaches approximately 0.39, and the double-hop path extinction reaches approximately 0.78. After solving the path extinction equations… to Approximately (Corresponding visibility of approximately 300 meters), other route sections Approximately (Corresponding to a visibility of approximately 1 kilometer); the difference in extinction coefficient between adjacent path segments at the boundary of the fog patch is approximately... The light intensity of the fog far exceeds the fog detection threshold. Based on this, it is determined that the local fog is located between lamps 12 and 15 and its boundary position is output. At the same time, although the total received light intensity of lamps 13 and 14 located within the fog appears to decrease, this decrease has been explained by the path extinction component. The light output factor obtained by the three-factor separation solution remains normal, thus avoiding the misjudgment of fog attenuation as lamp light attenuation.

[0078] By adopting the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, at least the following beneficial effects can be achieved: First, the object under test is changed from the lamp head housing posture to the beam pointing itself, filling the fault blind spot of "the beam has deviated even though the housing has not moved" that housing posture monitoring cannot cover in principle. Moreover, it is online continuous monitoring, covering the unattended window between periodic external inspections.

[0079] Second, the sensors, source identifiers, and geometric references required for measurement are all inherent in the light array itself: the photoelectric detection element reuses the self-powered photovoltaic panel of the lighting monitoring unit, the source identifier reuses the preset flashing timetable, and the geometric reference reuses the geometric relationship set by regulations. There is no need to add any detection equipment outside the light array, which is compatible with the strict restrictions on external equipment in the flight area.

[0080] Third, by using the three-factor separation inversion method based on the number domain difference, median common mode elimination, and cross-validation based on time series characteristics and inertial measurement, the three factors of meteorological change, light source aging, and beam pointing offset are separated according to their distinguishability in spatial statistical structure or temporal evolution structure. This ensures that the inversion results of beam pointing offset are not affected by light source aging and meteorological fluctuations, thus guaranteeing the accuracy of the alarm. At the same time, the differentiated maintenance work orders avoid confusion between different types of faults.

[0081] Fourth, the prescribed spacing of the lamp array amplifies the angular displacement of the lamps into the linear displacement of the beam landing point. The receiving node is located in the illuminance drop zone at the edge of the beam, making... A pointing offset of magnitude 30 results in a change in received light intensity of magnitude 30%. Combined with the coherent detection effect of time-domain gating, a pointing offset of sub-magnitude magnitude can be reliably detected.

[0082] Fifth, the three-layer cross-validation architecture consists of lamp-to-lamp optical coupling matrix inversion (beam layer), inertial measurement (shell dynamic layer), and photovoltaic daily curve attitude inversion (shell reference layer), which for the first time realizes the distinction between shell faults and beam faults, enabling monitoring results to be transformed into pathological-level fault diagnosis and maintenance instructions.

[0083] Sixth, under low visibility conditions, path-resolved atmospheric extinction inversion transforms the atmospheric components that were originally eliminated as common-mode noise into a second type of monitoring product: a continuous visibility profile and local fog positions along the axis of the light array. Moreover, the inversion target is strictly limited to the one-dimensional axial distribution of the light array's optical path geometry that is truly observable, ensuring the good state of the inversion and the reliability of the results. This visibility information is cross-checked with the lamp fault diagnosis to avoid misjudgment in foggy weather. The low visibility period is precisely the period when the navigation lights have the highest operational value, thus achieving a positive gain of "the more monitoring is needed, the richer the monitoring information".

[0084] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages in other steps. It is understood that the steps in different embodiments can be freely combined as needed, and all non-contradictory solutions formed by such combinations are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0085] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring device for implementing the airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring method described above. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method; therefore, the specific limitations of one or more airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring device embodiments provided below can be found in the limitations of the airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] In some embodiments, this application provides an airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring system, the system including multiple lamp monitoring units deployed on each lamp in the airport navigation light array, data aggregation equipment and monitoring host computer; Each lighting monitoring unit includes a photoelectric detection element, which is used to receive the illumination light from other lighting fixtures in the lighting array during the lighting period and obtain the corresponding received light intensity sequence. The data aggregation equipment is used to aggregate the received light intensity sequences corresponding to each lighting monitoring unit; The monitoring host computer is used to: obtain the lighting schedule of each lamp in the lamp array, identify the source of each received light intensity sequence according to the lighting schedule; construct the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix based on the identification results and the geometric relationship between the lamps in the lamp array; and invert the beam pointing offset of each lamp based on the change of the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix, using the pre-established baseline coupling matrix as a reference.

[0087] In some embodiments, this application provides a lighting monitoring unit, which includes a self-powered photovoltaic panel, an energy harvesting circuit, a light intensity sampling circuit, a switching circuit, and a controller; The switching circuit is connected to the self-powered photovoltaic panel, the energy harvesting circuit, and the light intensity sampling circuit, respectively. The controller is used to: control the switching circuit to connect the self-powered photovoltaic panel to the energy harvesting circuit during daytime hours, so that the energy harvested by the self-powered photovoltaic panel can power the lighting monitoring unit; control the switching circuit to connect the self-powered photovoltaic panel to the light intensity sampling circuit during lighting hours, and collect the photoelectric signal generated by the self-powered photovoltaic panel under the illumination of other lights in the airport navigation light array through the light intensity sampling circuit to obtain the received light intensity sequence; the received light intensity sequence is used to realize the aforementioned airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring method.

[0088] The lighting monitoring unit also includes an inertial measurement unit, an energy storage capacitor, and a wireless communication module. The energy storage capacitor is connected to the energy harvesting circuit and is used to store the energy harvested by the self-powered photovoltaic panel; The inertial measurement unit is used to collect the lamp head attitude data of the lamp; The wireless communication module is used to send the received light intensity sequence and lamp head posture data to the data aggregation device.

[0089] In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring method.

[0090] In some embodiments, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring method.

[0091] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification. The embodiments described above only illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for self-monitoring the beam direction of airport navigation lights, characterized in that, Airport navigation lights are light arrays comprising multiple lights; the method includes: During the lighting period, the photoelectric detection elements of each of the multiple lamp monitoring units deployed on each lamp are used to receive the illumination light from other lamps in the lamp array, thereby obtaining the received light intensity sequence corresponding to each lamp monitoring unit. Obtain the lighting schedule of each lamp in the lamp array, identify the source attribution of each received light intensity sequence according to the lighting schedule, and determine the light-emitting lamp corresponding to each light intensity component in each received light intensity sequence. Based on the attribution and identification results of the received light intensity sequence corresponding to each of the lamp monitoring units, and the arrangement geometric relationship between each lamp in the lamp array, an inter-lamp optical coupling matrix is ​​constructed. Using a pre-established baseline coupling matrix as a reference, the beam pointing offset of each lamp is inverted based on the change of the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoelectric detection element is a self-powered photovoltaic panel of the lighting monitoring unit; the method further includes: During the daytime, the self-powered photovoltaic panel is connected to the energy harvesting circuit so that the energy harvested by the self-powered photovoltaic panel can power the lighting monitoring unit. During the illumination period, the self-powered photovoltaic panel is switched from the energy harvesting circuit to the light intensity sampling circuit, so as to collect the photoelectric signal generated by the self-powered photovoltaic panel under the illumination light through the light intensity sampling circuit, and obtain the received light intensity sequence.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lighting schedule is a preset flashing schedule for the sequential flash lights in the light array; the preset flashing schedule is generated by the dimming equipment of the lighting station in accordance with the navigation lighting operation specifications, and is used to specify the flashing time slot of each of the sequential flash lights; The step of identifying the source attribution of each received light intensity sequence according to the lighting schedule includes: According to the flash time slots specified in the preset flash time schedule, the received light intensity sequence is time-slotted to obtain the light intensity pulses corresponding to each flash time slot; The light intensity pulse corresponding to each flash slot is assigned to the sequential flash lamp corresponding to the flash slot in the preset flash schedule.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using a pre-established baseline coupling matrix as a reference, and inverting the beam pointing offset of each lamp based on the change of the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix, includes: Logarithmic domain difference operation is performed on the corresponding matrix elements in the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix and the baseline coupling matrix to obtain the logarithmic domain residuals corresponding to each matrix element; The median of the logarithmic domain residuals corresponding to each of the matrix elements within the same monitoring period is taken as the atmospheric common mode component; the atmospheric common mode component is subtracted from each of the logarithmic domain residuals to obtain each of the purification residuals; wherein, the atmospheric common mode component is the common component of each of the logarithmic domain residuals; Based on the temporal evolution characteristics of each purification residual and the temporal correlation between each purification residual and the lamp head attitude data, the light output factor and beam pointing offset of each lamp are separated; wherein, the light output factor of the same lamp changes monotonically and slowly over time, and the beam pointing offset of the same lamp caused by the collision event changes abruptly, and the abrupt change is time-aligned with the impact characteristics measured by the inertial measurement unit of the lamp monitoring unit.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned lighting monitoring units further includes an inertial measurement unit; the method further includes: The lamp head attitude data of each lamp is collected by each of the inertial measurement units to obtain the change in the housing attitude of each lamp. The beam pointing offset of each lamp is compared with the corresponding housing attitude change to obtain the fault type of each lamp. The fault types include: collision-induced deviation fault where both the shell attitude change and the beam pointing offset exceed the limit; optical cabin internal fault where the shell attitude change does not exceed the limit but the beam pointing offset exceeds the limit; and shell detachment fault where the shell attitude change exceeds the limit but the beam pointing offset does not exceed the limit.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, After separating the light output factor and beam pointing offset of each luminaire based on the time evolution characteristics of each purification residual and the temporal correlation between each purification residual and the lamp head attitude data, the method further includes: For the same luminaire, if the decrease in the luminous output factor of the luminaire exceeds the first amplitude threshold and the beam pointing offset of the luminaire does not exceed the pointing threshold, a light source replacement work order is generated. If the light output factor of the lamp decreases by more than the first amplitude threshold, and the decrease of the purification residuals corresponding to the lamp at the receiving nodes adjacent to the lamp is significantly greater than the decrease at the receiving nodes far from the lamp, an obstruction cleaning work order is generated.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: For each pair of lights in the light array, based on the purification residuals corresponding to each pair of lights, the light output factor and beam pointing offset of the corresponding light-emitting lamp are subtracted back to extract the path extinction of the propagation path of each pair of lights; wherein, the light output factor is determined by extrapolation according to the light source aging model, and the beam pointing offset is determined according to the separation result. Based on the relationship between the propagation path of each lamp pair and the path segments along the lamp array axis, a set of path extinction equations is constructed from the extinction of each path, and the set of path extinction equations is solved to obtain the extinction coefficient distribution of each path segment along the lamp array axis. Based on the extinction coefficient distribution of each path segment, the visibility distribution along the axis of the light array is determined, and if the difference in extinction coefficient between adjacent path segments exceeds the fog detection threshold, the existence of a local fog is determined and the location of the local fog is determined.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of constructing a set of path extinction equations based on the extinction amounts of each path, according to the association relationship between the propagation paths of each lamp pair and the path segments along the lamp array axis, includes: For a single-light pair, a first path extinction equation is established, which is equal to the product of the extinction coefficient of the path segment crossed by the single-light pair and the arrangement spacing of the single-light pair. For a pair of double-dash lamps, a second path extinction equation is established, which is equal to the product of the sum of the extinction coefficients of the two path segments crossed by the double-dash lamps and half the spacing between the double-dash lamps. By simultaneously solving the extinction equations of each of the first and second paths, the path extinction equation set is obtained; the number of equations in the path extinction equation set is greater than the number of extinction coefficients of the path segment to be solved.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves using photoelectric detection elements of multiple lamp monitoring units deployed on each of the lamps to receive illumination light from other lamps within the lamp array, thereby obtaining a received light intensity sequence corresponding to each lamp monitoring unit. This includes: Each sampling time window is determined according to the lighting schedule; wherein each sampling time window covers the lighting period of each of the light-emitting lamps, and the time period outside each sampling time window is the off period; Signal sampling of the photoelectric detection element is turned on during each sampling time window, and signal sampling is turned off during the off period to obtain the received light intensity sequence corresponding to each lamp monitoring unit.

10. An airport navigation light beam pointing self-monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes multiple lamp monitoring units, data aggregation equipment, and a monitoring host computer deployed on each lamp within the array of airport navigation lights; Each of the lamp monitoring units includes a photoelectric detection element, used to receive the illumination light from other lamps in the lamp array during the lamp lighting period, and obtain the corresponding received light intensity sequence; The data aggregation device is used to aggregate the received light intensity sequences corresponding to each of the lamp monitoring units; The monitoring host computer is used to: obtain the lighting schedule of each lamp in the lamp array; identify the source of each received light intensity sequence according to the lighting schedule; construct an inter-lamp optical coupling matrix based on the identification result and the arrangement geometry between each lamp in the lamp array; and, with a pre-established baseline coupling matrix as a reference, invert the beam pointing offset of each lamp according to the change of the inter-lamp optical coupling matrix relative to the baseline coupling matrix. An alarm is triggered based on the beam direction offset of each lamp.

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