A method, system, equipment and medium for energy extraction from field-inverted plasma

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of energy recovery, specifically to a method, system, equipment, and medium for extracting energy from field-reversed plasma. The method involves acquiring induced voltage waveform data, original confinement magnet current waveform data, and plasma diagnostic signal data throughout the entire process while each scanning coil is in a high-impedance measurement state. The background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet is subtracted from the induced voltage waveform data to obtain the induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution. At the beginning of the target axial expansion stage, the screening induced voltage component within this stage is extracted. Feature extraction is performed on the screening induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the response parameters for the target expansion stage. The response parameters at each axial position are correlated with the axial coordinates to form an axial induced response distribution. Based on this distribution, the axial arrangement position, number of turns, and axial width of the recovery coils are determined to obtain an energy extraction configuration scheme, thereby improving energy recovery efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy recovery, specifically to a method, system, equipment, and medium for extracting energy from field-reversed plasma. Background Technology

[0002] In inverse plasma devices and similar linear plasma systems, plasma typically moves, collides, merges, and expands axially along the vacuum chamber axis. During this process, strong coupling exists between the internal current structure of the plasma, the plasma boundary, and the external magnetic field. The axial movement and expansion of the plasma cause rapid changes in the external magnetic flux distribution. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, if an induction coil is placed outside the vacuum chamber, the change in magnetic flux passing through the effective area of ​​the coil can induce a voltage across the coil. When the coil is connected to an external load or energy storage device, an induced current can be further generated, outputting electrical energy to an external circuit, which can be used for plasma energy recovery.

[0003] However, the axial placement of energy recovery coils largely relies on experience, lacking a quantitative location method based on measured response distribution. Due to phenomena such as spatial offset, temporal jitter, axial asymmetry, or uneven magnetic flux reconstruction that may occur during plasma axial motion, collision merging, and expansion processes, empirical placement may result in energy recovery coils not being located in regions with strong inductive response or good repeatability, thereby reducing energy recovery efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, device and medium for extracting energy from field-reversed plasma, which solves the problems in the prior art.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for extracting energy from field-reversed plasma, applied to a field-reversed plasma energy extraction system. The system includes an existing confinement magnet, a vacuum chamber, and multiple scanning coils. Each scanning coil is fitted at a predetermined axial position outside the vacuum chamber and connected to a high-impedance measurement branch. The vacuum chamber is used for plasma collision reactions. The method includes:

[0007] When each scanning coil is in a high-impedance measurement state, the induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil throughout the process, the current waveform data of the original confinement magnet, and the plasma diagnostic signal data are collected.

[0008] Based on the current waveform data, the background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet in each scanning coil is subtracted from the induced voltage waveform data of each full process to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil.

[0009] At the start time of the target axial expansion phase determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data, the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase is extracted;

[0010] Feature extraction is performed on the screened plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position.

[0011] The target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position are correlated with the axial coordinates of each scanning coil to form an axial induction response distribution along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber.

[0012] Based on the axial induction response distribution, the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil and the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are determined to obtain an energy extraction configuration scheme.

[0013] Preferably, the step of subtracting the background induced voltage component generated by the original constraint magnet in each scanning coil from the induced voltage waveform data of each entire process based on the current waveform data includes:

[0014] Based on the equivalent mutual inductance between each original constraint magnet and each scanning coil, and the current waveform data of each original constraint magnet, the background induced voltage component generated by each original constraint magnet in each scanning coil is calculated respectively.

[0015] The total background induced voltage component at each scanning coil is obtained by summing the background induced voltage components generated by the multiple original constraint magnets at each scanning coil.

[0016] The induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil throughout the entire process is subtracted from the total background induced voltage component at the corresponding scanning coil time by time to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil.

[0017] Preferably, the step of extracting the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase at the start time determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data includes:

[0018] Based on the current falling edge time characterizing the end of the magnetic compression process in the current waveform data of each original confinement magnet, and the collision merging end time and plasma expansion start time in the plasma diagnostic signal data, the start and end times of the target axial expansion stage are determined, thus obtaining the target axial expansion time window; the plasma diagnostic signal data comes from one or more of the following: magnetic probe signal, optical radiation signal, density signal, and imaging signal; the original confinement magnet includes at least one or more of the following: a quasi-steady-state coil arranged along the vacuum chamber axis, a θ-pinch coil located in the plasma formation region, and a compression coil located in the plasma collision compression region;

[0019] Based on the plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil, and taking the start and end times of the target axial expansion time window as time cutoff boundaries, waveform data segments located between the start and end times are extracted from the plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil to obtain the screening plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase.

[0020] Preferably, the step of extracting features from the screened plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position includes:

[0021] The net magnetic flux change at each axial position is obtained by integrating the screening plasma induced voltage component at each axial position over time during the target axial expansion phase.

[0022] Based on the selected plasma induced voltage components at each axial position, the moment when the induced voltage waveform first reaches a preset threshold is identified as the response start moment, and the difference between the end moment of the target axial expansion phase and the response start moment is taken as the response duration; the end moment of the target axial expansion phase is determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data indicating the moment when the plasma significantly decays or leaves the effective recovery area.

[0023] Based on the selected plasma induced voltage components at each axial position, the time coordinate corresponding to the peak value of the induced voltage at each axial position is extracted as the peak time.

[0024] The axial propagation velocity between adjacent scanning positions is calculated by dividing the difference in axial position between two adjacent scanning coils by the difference in the same characteristic moment at the two scanning coils; the same characteristic moment is the response start moment or peak moment.

[0025] Based on the net magnetic flux change, the response duration, the peak time, and the axial propagation velocity, the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position are obtained.

[0026] Preferably, determining the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil based on the axial induction response distribution includes:

[0027] Based on the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position in the axial induction response distribution, the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position is compared with a preset magnetic flux threshold, and the axial continuous intervals where the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change is greater than the preset magnetic flux threshold are determined as candidate arrangement intervals; the preset magnetic flux threshold is determined based on the maximum value of the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change in the axial induction response distribution.

[0028] The axial arrangement position of the recovery coil is determined based on the geometric center position along the axial direction of each candidate arrangement interval;

[0029] The axial width of the recovery coil at the corresponding arrangement position is determined based on the continuous span length along the axial direction of each candidate arrangement interval, so that the axial width of each recovery coil does not exceed the continuous span length.

[0030] Preferably, the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are determined in the following way:

[0031] Based on the axial arrangement of each recovery coil, the net magnetic flux change and axial propagation velocity at the corresponding positions are read from the axial induction response distribution.

[0032] Based on the net magnetic flux change, axial propagation velocity, and preset target voltage at each location of the recovery coil, the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are calculated to ensure that the characteristic voltage of each recovery coil falls within the preset voltage range. The preset target voltage is a design voltage value pre-set according to the voltage tolerance range of the external load, and the preset voltage range is the interval between the lower limit and the upper limit of the preset target voltage.

[0033] The axial arrangement position, number of turns, and axial width of each recovery coil are combined to form an energy extraction configuration scheme.

[0034] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0035] The peak time at the corresponding position is read from the axial induction response distribution according to the axial arrangement position of each recovery coil;

[0036] Using the peak time at each location of the recovery coil as a time reference point, the time reference point is extended forward by a first preset delay time as the start time of the load access time window, and the time reference point is extended backward by a second preset delay time as the end time of the load access time window, thus obtaining the load access time window corresponding to each recovery coil; the first preset delay time and the second preset delay time are determined based on the response duration at that location and the conduction characteristics of the external load;

[0037] Based on the axial arrangement of each recovery coil and its position relative to the plasma collision center, for multiple recovery coils located on the same side of the collision center's axis, the recovery coils are sequentially connected to the external load according to the order of the start time of the load connection time window of each recovery coil; for recovery coils located on different sides of the collision center's axis, the connection is independently controlled according to the response timing of their respective sides.

[0038] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a field-reversed plasma energy extraction system, comprising:

[0039] Vacuum chambers are used for plasma collision reactions;

[0040] Multiple scanning coils are used to collect induced voltage signals generated by the evolution of the plasma and the change of the original confinement magnet current. Each scanning coil is fitted at a preset axial position outside the vacuum chamber and connected to a high-impedance measurement terminal.

[0041] Multiple original confinement magnets, each arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber, have current detection terminals for generating confinement magnetic fields;

[0042] Multiple recovery coils, each coil is fitted outside the vacuum chamber and then connected to the energy output terminal;

[0043] The acquisition module is used to acquire the induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil, the current waveform data of the original confinement magnet, and the plasma diagnostic signal data when each scanning coil is in a high impedance measurement state.

[0044] The subtraction module is used to subtract the background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet in each scanning coil from the current waveform data of each full-process induced voltage waveform data, so as to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil.

[0045] The screening module is used to extract the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase at the start time of the target axial expansion phase determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data.

[0046] The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the screened plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position.

[0047] The axial induction response distribution module is used to correlate the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position with the axial coordinates of each scanning coil, forming an axial induction response distribution along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber.

[0048] The recovery coil configuration module is used to determine the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil and the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil based on the axial induction response distribution, so as to obtain an energy extraction configuration scheme.

[0049] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including: at least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, implement the method of the first aspect described above.

[0050] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a storage medium storing computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of the first aspect described above.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0052] The scanning coils acquire the entire process voltage, the original confinement magnet current, and plasma diagnostic signals in a high-impedance state, enabling each scanning coil to simultaneously obtain three types of information across the entire time axis: external magnet changes, plasma evolution, and stage boundaries. Based on this, the background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet current waveform in each scanning coil is subtracted, separating the components attributable to plasma evolution from those contributed by the external magnet in the scanning coil output. Then, using the starting time of the target expansion stage determined by the diagnostic signals as the boundary, a selection component belonging only to the axial expansion stage after collision compression is extracted from the plasma induced voltage components covering the entire cycle, excluding signals from the ionization, formation, transport, collision merging, and magnetic compression stages from subsequent processing. Finally, the selected components are integrated, peak identified, and adjacent... The position difference calculation extracts the net flux change, peak time, response duration, and axial propagation velocity. These parameters are then mapped to the axial coordinates to form an axial induced response distribution, quantitatively describing the total flux change, timing characteristics, and continuous axial variation of propagation velocity. Finally, the location and axial width of the recovery coil are determined based on the intervals where the net flux change exceeds a threshold in this distribution. The ratio of turns to width is configured according to the net flux change and propagation velocity at each location to ensure that the characteristic voltage falls within a preset range. This directly correlates the spatial location, coverage width, and electrical parameters of the recovery coil with the measured expansion response characteristics, avoiding situations where the coil is placed in a region with weak flux change, the axial width covers intervals with different response characteristics, or the number of turns is mismatched with the local velocity, which could lead to the output voltage exceeding the external load's tolerance and improve energy recovery efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of the field inversion plasma energy extraction method provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the field-inverse configuration plasma motion provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a layout diagram of the scanning coil on the vacuum chamber provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the induced voltage waveform throughout the entire process provided by this invention;

[0058] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the voltage and timing extracted from each scanning coil provided by the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the scanning coil and the recovery coil provided by the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the updating of different scanning coils within the target expansion window during energy recovery, as provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0063] It should be noted that all actions involving the acquisition of signals, information, or data in this invention are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and regulations of the locality and with authorization from the owner of the relevant device.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a field-reverse plasma energy extraction method, which is applied to a field-reverse plasma energy extraction system. The system includes an original confinement magnet, a vacuum chamber, and multiple scanning coils. Each scanning coil is sleeved at a preset axial position outside the vacuum chamber and connected to a high-impedance measurement branch. The vacuum chamber is used for plasma collision reactions.

[0066] The implementation basis of the specific scheme in this embodiment is the field inversion configuration device and its operating conditions.

[0067] Field reversal devices typically employ a linear axial structure, which can be divided along the axis into an end region, a field reversal forming region, a connecting or transition region, a central collision compression region, and corresponding auxiliary control regions. The different original magnets within the device have clearly defined functions in both space and time.

[0068] Quasi-steady-state coils are typically arranged along a longer axial range of the device to establish the background magnetic field, guiding magnetic field, and confinement magnetic field. During field inversion formation and ejection, the quasi-steady-state magnetic field provides a smooth magnetic field path for the plasma to move along the central axis; during collision merging and subsequent expansion, the quasi-steady-state coils continue to provide radial confinement, reducing the risk of rapid plasma collisions and disordered diffusion.

[0069] The θ-pinch coil is typically located in the forming region and is characterized by single or few turns, low inductance, high current, and rapid changes. Its operation can include stages such as biasing, pre-ionization, main reversal, and freewheeling, used to ionize fuel gas, capture magnetic flux, form a closed magnetic structure, and drive the initial field in reverse configuration towards the central region.

[0070] The compression coil is mainly located in the central collision compression region. It is used to enhance the external magnetic field after the collision and merging of two or more field-inverted plasma clusters, magnetically compressing the merged plasma and improving the temperature, density, and magnetic flux confinement levels. The rapid current change of the compression coil will generate a significant induced voltage in the surrounding conductors and the measuring coil. Therefore, the contribution of the compression coil must be identified and subtracted in the scanning signal processing of this invention.

[0071] The RMF coil is used to generate a rotating magnetic field, which can be used to assist ionization, drive plasma current, or improve instability; the internal divertor coil is used to form a boundary control magnetic field configuration in a specific axial region. The above coils, as well as the original vacuum chamber metal structure, will affect the scanning coil voltage through mutual inductance and eddy currents, and should all be calibrated or compensated as part of the external background magnetic flux.

[0072] After the fuel gas enters the formation region, it forms a high-temperature plasma under the influence of the pre-ionization field and the rapidly reversing magnetic field. The interaction between the external magnetic field and the plasma's own circumferential current creates a closed magnetic field line structure within the plasma, thus obtaining a field-inverted plasma cluster. Multiple field-inverted plasma clusters then move along the device's axis under the influence of the external guiding magnetic field and the axial magnetic field gradient, colliding and merging in the central region.

[0073] The merged field inversion configuration is further magnetically compressed by the central compression coil. As the external magnetic pressure increases, the plasma temperature and density rise, reaching the fusion reaction conditions under the target fusion conditions. The high-energy charged particles produced by the fusion reaction are still coupled with the plasma, increasing the internal pressure and causing the merged field inversion configuration to expand from the central region to both sides along the axis.

[0074] If the external confinement magnetic field is completely removed immediately after the collision, the radial magnetic confinement of the plasma will be significantly reduced. The plasma will then rapidly diffuse both axially and radially, making it difficult to form a usable axial expansion energy flow. To ensure that the plasma mainly moves along the device's axial direction after the collision, the original quasi-steady-state coils or other confinement coils must maintain a certain current to continuously provide the radial confinement magnetic field. This confinement cannot keep the plasma at a fixed size; the plasma will still gradually expand from a relatively compact state near the center into a larger-scale structure, with its radius, density, diamagnetism, and magnetic flux structure constantly changing. Some particles will gradually escape until the field inversion state can no longer be maintained and the plasma eventually dissipates. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of field-inverted plasma motion, where yellow represents the external coil, red represents the plasma, and the rectangular frame represents the vacuum chamber.

[0075] This embodiment addresses the axial expansion phase following the collision, merger, and compression, up to the point before the plasma significantly dissipates. During this phase, the plasma moves axially along a selected side, causing the magnetic flux through the surrounding space to change over time. A dedicated recovery coil utilizes this magnetic flux change to generate induced voltage and current, converting the plasma's usable energy into electrical energy; the original magnet continues to provide radial confinement and other magnetic field functions required for device operation.

[0076] The original confinement coil and the dedicated recovery coil have different design goals. The primary goal of the confinement coil is to generate an external magnetic field that meets the requirements for plasma stability and axial motion; its position, number of turns, and current waveform are determined by the magnetic field configuration. The primary goal of the recovery coil is to establish an energy transfer channel with an appropriate number of turns, width, and time window at locations where magnetic flux changes significantly. If the same coil performs both functions simultaneously, conflicts will arise in terms of electrical state, coil parameters, and control timing.

[0077] The method includes:

[0078] S1. Acquire the full-process induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil, the current waveform data of the original confinement magnet, and the plasma diagnostic signal data when each scanning coil is in a high-impedance measurement state.

[0079] In this step, the scanning coil is a coil or equivalent closed induction loop arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber to measure changes in magnetic flux at different positions. The scanning coil can take the form of a flux loop, a single-turn or multi-turn coil made of insulated copper wire, or a coaxial cable measuring loop. The scanning coil is connected to a high input impedance measuring channel so that its induced current is sufficiently small relative to the operating current of the recovery coil, and will not produce a significant reaction to the plasma motion.

[0080] The scanning coil operates not only during the initial pre-scanning phase. After the recovery coil design and installation are completed, the scanning coil remains in place to measure plasma arrival time, axial velocity, and magnetic flux changes during actual recovery, providing real-time or online data for subsequent recovery coil timing updates.

[0081] The recovery coil is an energy conversion coil specifically positioned at a selected axial location based on the scanning results. Recovery coils can be constructed using copper strips, a monolithic conductor formed by multiple strands of non-insulated copper conductors, or a ring conductor formed by multiple parallel conductors. Once the recovery coil enters the energy extraction state, it generates a significant induced current, thus requiring reliable insulation support and mechanical fixation.

[0082] In this embodiment, a single recovery coil preferably has a complete circumferential current path and is axially separated from other recovery coils. Multiple recovery coils constitute an axial multi-stage recovery structure, but it is not required that a single recovery coil be circumferentially divided into multiple independent parts, nor is it recommended to use a single ultra-wide closed copper plate to continuously cover the vacuum chamber along a long axial range.

[0083] The input impedance of the high-impedance measurement branch is much greater than the impedance of the scanning coil itself, making the induced current in the scanning coil circuit close to zero. Under this condition, the acquired full-process induced voltage waveform data covers the complete operating cycle of the plasma from formation to decay and dissipation, i.e., full-process induced voltage waveform data. This waveform data includes signals from each stage of fuel ionization, field inversion formation, axial transport, collision merging, magnetic compression, target axial expansion, and decay and dissipation.

[0084] The original confinement magnets are one or more of the following: quasi-steady-state coils, θ-pinch coils, compression coils, RMF coils, or internal divertor coils arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber. The current waveform data of each original confinement magnet is synchronously acquired through the current detection terminal.

[0085] Plasma diagnostic signal data is one or more of magnetic probe signals, optical radiation signals, density signals, or imaging signals, used to indicate different stages of plasma collision and merging completion, the start of axial expansion, and significant decay or departure from the effective recovery area.

[0086] During data acquisition, the output voltage of each scanning coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the effective area of ​​the coil. Because the rapid current changes during the formation, transport, and compression phases of the original confinement magnet generate large-value induced voltages in the scanning coils, these voltages do not originate from the energy released by plasma expansion and need to be distinguished in subsequent steps. Simultaneous acquisition of these three types of data provides a time-aligned data foundation for subsequent background component subtraction and target expansion phase identification.

[0087] In some possible implementations, such as Figure 3 As shown, on one side of the central collision compression zone of the field reconfiguration device, multiple scanning coils are arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber. Red represents the expanded plasma, yellow represents the original coils, and green represents the scanning coils. The scanning coils can be arranged at equal intervals to improve the consistency of axial distribution reconstruction; alternatively, they can be arranged with non-equal intervals depending on the original magnet gaps, vacuum chamber windows, expected expansion range, and installation space. The scanning coils should cover the area where the recovery coils are expected to be installed, and preferably extend to the location where the plasma is expected to begin to decay significantly.

[0088] No. The scanning coil is located in the axial position. Its number of turns is .in, , This represents the total number of scanning coils. Each scanning coil is connected to a high input impedance measurement channel. If the equivalent impedance of the scanning coil itself is... The input impedance of the measurement channel is Then the preferred option is to satisfy Under these conditions, the current in the scanning coil is approximately:

[0089] ;

[0090] In the formula, For the first The induced voltage across each scanning coil This refers to the scanning coil current. "Approximately zero" means that the current is small enough relative to the operating current of the recovery coil that the additional magnetic field and electromagnetic force it generates are insufficient to significantly alter plasma motion, rather than indicating that there is absolutely no physical current.

[0091] The induced voltage in the scanning coil follows Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction:

[0092] ;

[0093] In the formula, To cross the first The magnetic flux of a single-turn effective area of ​​a scanning coil The sign represents time, and the negative sign indicates that the direction of the induced voltage conforms to Lenz's law. As the magnetic flux changes with time, the scanning coil outputs a voltage; the more turns the scanning coil has, the higher the output voltage under the same geometric and magnetic flux conditions.

[0094] S2. Based on the current waveform data, subtract the background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet in each scanning coil from the induced voltage waveform data of each whole process to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil.

[0095] In this step, such as Figure 4 The figure shows the induced voltage waveform data that a single scanning coil may obtain during one field inversion configuration operation cycle. This refers to the moment when the expanded plasma reaches the scanning coil, with the gray rectangular area representing the energy extraction stage. The induced voltage waveform data throughout the entire process includes ionization and formation, axial transport, collision and merging, and magnetic compression stages, all of which may generate large-amplitude induced signals. However, these signals correspond to the device input energy and plasma formation process and cannot be directly used as the energy extraction window in this embodiment. Only after collision, merging, and compression have ended, and the target axial expansion window has been deducted for external magnet contributions and confirmed by plasma diagnostics, is the recovery coil allowed to enter the energy extraction state. The induced voltage waveform data throughout the entire process comprises all voltage signals measured by each scanning coil during a complete operating cycle, including multiple components such as changes in the original magnet current, plasma changes, and measurement interference, and can be expressed as:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, The background voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet and related metal structure; The voltage components are caused by plasma formation, motion, compression, and expansion. To measure noise, baseline drift, and other interference.

[0098] The background induced voltage component generated by the original constraint magnet in each scanning coil refers to the voltage induced in the scanning coil by the change in current of the original constraint magnet, such as the quasi-steady-state coil, θ-pinch coil, compression coil, RMF coil, or internal divertor coil, over time.

[0099] The specific method of deduction is as follows: based on the pre-calibrated equivalent mutual inductance between each original constraint magnet and each scanning coil. and the current waveform data of each existing confinement magnet. Calculate the sum of the background induced voltage components generated by each original constraint magnet in each scanning coil:

[0100] ;

[0101] in Indicates the first One scanning coil, Indicates the first An existing confinement magnet This represents the total number of original constraint magnets involved in the compensation. The entire process of the scanning coil's induced voltage waveform data is then used. Subtracting this background component yields the plasma-induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution. Alternatively, the experimentally calibrated transfer function can be used to replace the simple mutual inductance model, allowing the external magnet current to be calculated using the transfer function to obtain the corresponding scanning voltage.

[0102] like Figure 5 As shown, taking five scanning coils as an example, after deducting the contribution of the external magnetic field and the measurement baseline, the sum of the background induced voltage components of each scanning coil during the target expansion phase is... They were extracted one by one.

[0103] After the subtraction is completed, the plasma-induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution includes signals from each stage of plasma formation, motion, compression, and expansion. The signals prior to the target expansion stage represent magnetic flux changes generated during the energy input process and should not be considered for recovery. This subtraction operation enables subsequent steps to separate the plasma's own evolutionary contribution from the mixed signal, avoiding misinterpretation of external magnet changes as recoverable energy.

[0104] In some embodiments, S2, based on the current waveform data, subtracting the background induced voltage component generated by the original constraint magnet in each scanning coil from the induced voltage waveform data throughout the entire process, includes:

[0105] Based on the equivalent mutual inductance between each original constraint magnet and each scanning coil, and the current waveform data of each original constraint magnet, the background induced voltage component generated by each original constraint magnet in each scanning coil is calculated respectively.

[0106] The total background induced voltage component at each scanning coil is obtained by summing the background induced voltage components generated by the multiple original constraint magnets at each scanning coil.

[0107] The induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil throughout the entire process is subtracted from the total background induced voltage component at the corresponding scanning coil time by time to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil.

[0108] In this embodiment, equivalent mutual inductance Indicates the first The original confinement magnet and the first The degree of magnetic coupling between the scanning coils, a parameter obtained by pre-calibrating the device under plasma-free conditions by applying a known current waveform. Current waveform data of each existing confinement magnet. Corresponding equivalent mutual inductance After multiplying and differentiating with respect to time, we obtain the original confined magnet in the first... The background induced voltage components generated in each scanning coil. Since there are multiple original constraint magnets in the device, the background induced voltage components generated by each original constraint magnet in the same scanning coil are electrically linearly superimposed. Summing these components yields the total background induced voltage component at that scanning coil. The entire process of induced voltage waveform data Subtract the total background induced voltage component at each time step The remaining difference is the plasma-induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution. This subtraction operation enables subsequent steps to separate the plasma's own evolutionary contribution from the mixed signal, avoiding misidentification of the induced voltage generated by changes in the external magnet as a source of recoverable energy.

[0109] This embodiment also includes: the current waveform data of each original confinement magnet includes at least the current waveform data of the compression coil; the end time of the compression coil current and the plasma diagnostic signal data are used together to determine the start time of the target axial expansion stage. The equivalent mutual inductance calibration is performed under plasma-free reference conditions to eliminate the interference of the plasma's own magnetic flux on the calibration results. The induced voltage waveform data throughout the process undergoes baseline correction processing before subtracting the background induced voltage component to remove the influence of DC offset and low-frequency drift of the measurement channel on the subtraction accuracy.

[0110] S3. At the start time of the target axial expansion phase determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data, extract the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase.

[0111] In this step, the target axial expansion stage refers to the time interval during which the plasma expands axially from the central collision compression zone to both sides of the vacuum chamber after completing collision merging and magnetic compression, until the plasma significantly decays, leaves the effective recovery area, or can no longer maintain a recognizable field inversion state. The start time of this stage is determined by combining plasma diagnostic signal data with the current falling edge time characterizing the end of the magnetic compression process in the compression coil current waveform data. Specifically, when the diagnostic signal indicates that collision merging has been completed and the compression coil current begins to decrease, and simultaneously when the diagnostic signal indicates that the plasma begins to expand axially to both sides, this moment is determined as the start time of the target axial expansion stage. The end time of this phase is determined by the moment when plasma diagnostic signal data indicates significant plasma decay or departure from the effective recovery region, denoted as . Target axial expansion time window Defined as: ;

[0112] Screening plasma induced voltage components refers to selecting from the plasma induced voltage components covering the entire operating cycle obtained from S2, using... The start and end times are used as time cutoff boundaries, and waveform data segments within this time window are extracted. This filtering operation limits the extraction range to the stage of plasma energy release after collision compression, excluding signals from the ionization, formation, transport, collision merging, and magnetic compression stages, thus avoiding interference with the plasma formation process by performing energy harvesting actions in non-target stages.

[0113] In some embodiments, S3, at the start time of the target axial expansion phase determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data, extracts the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase, including:

[0114] Based on the current falling edge time characterizing the end of the magnetic compression process in the current waveform data of each original confinement magnet, and the collision merging end time and plasma expansion start time in the plasma diagnostic signal data, the start and end times of the target axial expansion stage are determined, thus obtaining the target axial expansion time window; the plasma diagnostic signal data comes from one or more of the following: magnetic probe signal, optical radiation signal, density signal, and imaging signal; the original confinement magnet includes at least one or more of the following: a quasi-steady-state coil arranged along the vacuum chamber axis, a θ-pinch coil located in the plasma formation region, and a compression coil located in the plasma collision compression region;

[0115] Based on the plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil, and taking the start and end times of the target axial expansion time window as time cutoff boundaries, waveform data segments located between the start and end times are extracted from the plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil to obtain the screening plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase.

[0116] In this embodiment, the target axial expansion time window The start time The starting point of the plasma expansion is determined by three conditions: the falling edge of the current in the compression coil within the original confinement magnet, the end of the collision merging process in the plasma diagnostic signal data, and the start of the plasma expansion. The falling edge of the current in the compression coil indicates the end of the magnetic compression process; the end of the collision merging process indicates the completion of the plasma collision merging process; and the start of the plasma expansion indicates the beginning of the axial expansion of the plasma from the central region outwards. When these three conditions are aligned in time, this moment is determined as the starting point of the target axial expansion phase. The end of the target axial expansion phase. The time when plasma significantly decays or leaves the effective recovery area is determined by plasma diagnostic signal data. For the left boundary, The right boundary defines the target axial expansion time window. The plasma-induced voltage component of each scanning coil covers the entire operating cycle, in order to... The start and end times are used as time cutoff boundaries. Waveform data segments located within this window are extracted from the plasma induced voltage components of each scanning coil to obtain the filtered plasma induced voltage components. This screening operation limits feature extraction to the expansion stage, excluding signals from the ionization, formation, transport, collision and merging, and magnetic compression stages, ensuring that the subsequently extracted response parameters correspond to a single physical process and have a clear source.

[0117] This embodiment also includes: when the compression coil current waveform data is unavailable, the start time of the target axial expansion stage is determined separately by plasma diagnostic signal data, using the characteristic moment indicating the start of plasma expansion by the diagnostic signal as... The end of the target axial expansion phase. The determination is made by combining the drop in the amplitude of the scanning coil induced voltage below a preset threshold with the plasma diagnostic signal indicating that the field reversal state cannot be maintained. The timing relationship between the current waveform data of each original constraint magnet is used to verify the determination result of the starting moment of the target axial expansion stage: the quasi-steady-state coil current at... The flat-top segment is maintained at all times to continuously provide radial constraint, and the θ-pinch coil current is... The main pulse has ended.

[0118] S4. Extract the features of the screening plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position.

[0119] In this step, feature extraction refers to performing mathematical operations and waveform feature recognition on the selected plasma induced voltage components at each axial position obtained in S3, in order to obtain response parameters that quantitatively describe the magnetic flux change characteristics at that position.

[0120] The response parameters include at least the net flux change, peak time, response duration, and axial propagation velocity.

[0121] The net change in magnetic flux is obtained by integrating the component of the screened plasma induced voltage at the axial position over time during the target's axial expansion phase. Its expression is as follows:

[0122] ;

[0123] in For the first The number of turns of each scanning coil. When the target expansion waveform exhibits significant positive and negative bipolarity, causing partial cancellation of the net integral, the absolute magnetic flux change index can also be calculated:

[0124] ;

[0125] In the formula, Used to reflect the magnitude of the total magnetic flux change experienced at that location throughout the entire expansion of the target. Net magnetic flux change and absolute magnetic flux change They can be used in combination: the former is used to determine the final direction and net change of magnetic flux, while the latter is used to avoid underestimating the actual magnetic flux activity at a location after the bipolar waveforms cancel each other out.

[0126] The peak time is the time coordinate corresponding to the peak value of the induced voltage in the selected plasma induced voltage component.

[0127] The response duration is the difference between the end of the target axial expansion phase and the start of the response.

[0128] The axial propagation velocity is calculated by dividing the difference in axial positions of two adjacent scanning coils by the difference in peak times at the two scanning coils. If the positions of the two adjacent scanning coils are respectively... and The corresponding characteristic times of the target expansion waveform are respectively and The average velocity between the two positions is:

[0129] ;

[0130] In the formula, For from the first The propagation from the first axial position to the first The axial propagation velocity at each axial position. The characteristic time can be selected as the moment when the waveform first exceeds a threshold, the moment of absolute value peak, the moment when the magnetic flux integral reaches a predetermined proportion, or the delay moment obtained by cross-correlation of two waveforms. For cases where the waveform shape changes significantly with the axial direction, it is preferable to use a rising edge threshold and cross-correlation method for mutual verification.

[0131] The actual change in magnetic flux is determined by the plasma's axial motion, radial expansion, and internal state evolution. Its rate of change can be expressed by the following equation:

[0132] ;

[0133] In the formula, The magnetic flux contributed by the plasma to the scanning coil; It is the axial velocity; The characteristic radius of the plasma, This represents the radial expansion velocity; This is the ratio of plasma pressure to external magnetic pressure. This indicates its change over time. The formula illustrates that the scanning voltage is not solely caused by a constant-sized mass of plasma passing through the coil; axial motion, radial expansion, and changes in diamagnetic properties all affect the magnetic flux. This embodiment primarily relies on measured scanning signals, with analytical formulas used for explanation and preliminary prediction.

[0134] The target expansion phase refers to the time interval during which the field-inverted plasma expands axially along a selected side from the central region after collision, merging, and compression, until the plasma significantly decays, leaves the effective recovery area, or can no longer maintain a recognizable field-inverted state. Only the change in plasma expansion magnetic flux within this interval, after deducting the contribution from the external magnet, is used to determine the recovery coil and control energy extraction.

[0135] The feature extraction yielded a set of response parameters for each axial position. These parameters describe the expansion response characteristics at that position from three dimensions: total magnetic flux change, temporal characteristics, and propagation properties. The net magnetic flux change reflects the combined result of the net direction and magnitude of the magnetic flux change at that position; the peak moment reflects the time point with the largest rate of magnetic flux change; the response duration reflects the time span of recoverable energy at that position; and the axial propagation velocity reflects the speed of the plasma magnetic flux characteristics' movement along the axial direction. These parameters constitute the quantitative input for subsequent position selection and parameter matching.

[0136] In some embodiments, the step of extracting features from the screened plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position includes:

[0137] The net magnetic flux change at each axial position is obtained by integrating the screening plasma induced voltage component at each axial position over time during the target axial expansion phase.

[0138] Based on the selected plasma induced voltage components at each axial position, the moment when the induced voltage waveform first reaches a preset threshold is identified as the response start moment, and the difference between the end moment of the target axial expansion phase and the response start moment is taken as the response duration; the end moment of the target axial expansion phase is determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data indicating the moment when the plasma significantly decays or leaves the effective recovery area.

[0139] Based on the selected plasma induced voltage components at each axial position, the time coordinate corresponding to the peak value of the induced voltage at each axial position is extracted as the peak time.

[0140] The axial propagation velocity between adjacent scanning positions is calculated by dividing the difference in axial position between two adjacent scanning coils by the difference in the same characteristic moment at the two scanning coils; the same characteristic moment is the response start moment or peak moment.

[0141] Based on the net magnetic flux change, the response duration, the peak time, and the axial propagation velocity, the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position are obtained.

[0142] In this embodiment, the net magnetic flux change By screening the plasma induced voltage components at each axial position During the target axial expansion stage Integrating time within the time frame yields:

[0143] ;

[0144] in For the first The number of turns of each scanning coil. This integral value reflects the combined result of the net direction and magnitude of the change in magnetic flux at that axial position.

[0145] The response start time refers to the earliest moment when the voltage amplitude in the screening plasma induced voltage waveform at each axial position rises from the baseline level to exceed a preset threshold. This preset threshold is set based on the baseline noise level and signal amplitude.

[0146] Response duration The end time of the target axial expansion phase Difference from the start of the response:

[0147] ;

[0148] in For the first The response start time at each scan position. The response duration reflects the effective duration of the magnetic flux change at that position.

[0149] Peak time The time coordinates corresponding to the peak values ​​of the induced voltage in the screened plasma induced voltage waveform at each axial position are as follows:

[0150] ;

[0151] This moment represents the point in time when the rate of change of magnetic flux reaches its maximum, and serves as the time reference for determining the load connection time window.

[0152] The axial propagation velocity is calculated by dividing the difference in axial position between two adjacent scanning coils by the difference in the same characteristic moment at the two scanning coils. This same characteristic moment is the peak moment.

[0153] ;

[0154] in and This represents the axial position of two adjacent scanning coils. and This corresponds to the peak time. Axial propagation velocity reflects how fast the plasma magnetic flux characteristics propagate along the axis and is used to predict when the plasma will reach the downstream recovery coil. The net change in magnetic flux, response duration, peak time, and axial propagation velocity together constitute the set of response parameters for the target expansion stage at each axial position. These parameters describe the expansion response characteristics at that position from four dimensions: total change in magnetic flux, time window width, timing reference, and propagation velocity, providing input for the subsequent selection of the recovery coil position, determination of the width, and timing settings.

[0155] This embodiment also includes: selecting the response start time instead of the peak time to calculate the axial propagation velocity at the same characteristic time. In this case, the response start time at each of the two adjacent scanning coils is taken as the same characteristic time. and The absolute value of the net change in magnetic flux is used to rank the intensity of magnetic flux changes in the axial induced response distribution, thus identifying axial intervals with larger magnetic flux changes as candidate arrangement intervals for the recovery coil. The response duration at each axial position is determined based on the actual start and end characteristics of the screened plasma induced voltage waveform at each scanning position. The difference in response duration at different axial positions reflects the broadening or compression effect of the plasma expansion waveform during propagation. The peak moment, extracted from the screened plasma induced voltage waveform, is used to determine the degree of waveform asymmetry at that position by comparing it with the response start moment. The target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position are fitted with a distribution function that continuously varies along the vacuum chamber axis, with the axial coordinate as the independent variable. The distribution function is obtained using piecewise linear interpolation or conformal spline interpolation to avoid false overshoot between discrete points.

[0156] S5. The target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position are correlated with the axial coordinates of each scanning coil to form an axial induction response distribution along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber.

[0157] In this step, each scanning coil has a defined axial coordinate. The net flux change in the response parameters at each axial position extracted by S4. With the corresponding axial coordinates Forming a discrete point set The axial magnetic flux variation distribution function, which varies continuously along the axis of the vacuum chamber, is obtained by interpolation fitting. This distribution function reflects the magnitude distribution of magnetic flux change at different positions along the axial direction. The peak time, response duration, and axial propagation velocity also form corresponding distribution functions or curves with the axial coordinate as the independent variable. These distribution functions are collectively referred to as the axial inductive response distribution.

[0158] Based on measured data, this distribution transforms discrete coil measurement results into continuous spatial distribution information along the axial direction. This allows subsequent steps to identify axial regions where magnetic flux changes are concentrated, eliminating locations with weak magnetic flux changes or where plasma has significantly decayed, thus providing a data-driven basis for the spatial layout of the recovery coil.

[0159] S6. Based on the axial induction response distribution, determine the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil and the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil to obtain an energy extraction configuration scheme.

[0160] In this step, the recovery coil is an energy conversion coil specifically installed outside the vacuum chamber after its position is determined based on the axial induction response distribution. The recovery coil is independent of the original confinement magnet and does not share its coil structure. The axial arrangement of the recovery coil is based on the axial magnetic flux variation distribution function. The axial continuous interval where the absolute value of the change in net magnetic flux exceeds a preset threshold is determined, and this threshold is set to... The percentage of the maximum absolute value, with the percentage value between zero and one. The geometric center position of each candidate interval is used as the axial arrangement position of the recovery coil, and the continuous span length of each candidate interval is used as the basis for determining the axial width of the corresponding recovery coil.

[0161] The number of turns and axial width of the recovery coil are determined based on the change in net magnetic flux at that location. and axial propagation speed Determined. The determination method is as follows: based on the characteristic voltage expression...

[0162] ;

[0163] in For the first The characteristic voltage of each recovery coil Number of turns axial width The geometric coupling coefficient is... This is a waveform correction factor. At a given target voltage... Under the condition that the number of turns to the axial width satisfy:

[0164] ;

[0165] A larger axial width and fewer turns are used near regions with higher plasma velocities. As the velocity decreases further away from the center, the axial width is reduced or the number of turns is increased, ensuring that the characteristic voltage of each recovery coil falls within a preset voltage range. to The axial arrangement, number of turns, and axial width together constitute the energy extraction configuration scheme. This configuration scheme matches the spatial position of each recovery coil with the area of ​​concentrated magnetic flux change, and adapts the coil parameters to the local magnetic flux change characteristics and propagation speed, avoiding the problem of excessive voltage differences caused by using a uniform structure for all recovery coils.

[0166] In some embodiments, determining the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil based on the axial sensing response distribution includes:

[0167] Based on the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position in the axial induction response distribution, the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position is compared with a preset magnetic flux threshold, and the axial continuous intervals where the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change is greater than the preset magnetic flux threshold are determined as candidate arrangement intervals; the preset magnetic flux threshold is determined based on the maximum value of the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change in the axial induction response distribution.

[0168] The axial arrangement position of the recovery coil is determined based on the geometric center position along the axial direction of each candidate arrangement interval;

[0169] The axial width of the recovery coil at the corresponding arrangement position is determined based on the continuous span length along the axial direction of each candidate arrangement interval, so that the axial width of each recovery coil does not exceed the continuous span length.

[0170] In this embodiment, the axial induction response distribution includes the net magnetic flux change at each position along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber. The absolute value of the change in net magnetic flux. This reflects the intensity of magnetic flux activity at that location; a higher value indicates a more dramatic change in magnetic flux, and thus a greater amount of magnetic flux available for energy recovery. The preset magnetic flux threshold is based on the maximum absolute value of the net magnetic flux change in the axial induction response distribution. The ratio of this threshold to the maximum value is denoted as the flux addressing coefficient. , The value is greater than zero and less than one. The absolute value of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position is compared one by one with a preset magnetic flux threshold, and the condition is continuously satisfied. The axial intervals are marked as candidate arrangement intervals. Axial intervals that do not meet this condition have insufficient magnetic flux intensity and are unsuitable for setting up the recovery coil. The geometric center position of each candidate arrangement interval is used as the axial arrangement position of the recovery coil. This ensures that the recovery coil covers the central region of strongest magnetic flux activity within the designated area. The continuous span length of each candidate arrangement section is used as the axial width of the recovery coil at that location. The selection criteria ensure that the axial width of the recovery coil does not exceed the continuous span length, preventing the axial coverage of the recovery coil from exceeding the candidate arrangement range and including areas with weak magnetic flux activity in the effective area of ​​the recovery coil. This screening method directly correlates the position and width of the recovery coil with the measured magnetic flux variation distribution, avoiding the arrangement of the recovery coil in areas with small magnetic flux variations or axial widths covering intervals with different response characteristics.

[0171] This embodiment also includes: magnetic flux addressing coefficient The adjustment is based on the repeatability index of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position under multiple discharges; positions with better repeatability use a lower value. To broaden the candidate arrangement range, higher values ​​are used for locations with poor repeatability. The value is used to narrow down the candidate arrangement interval. The response time span of the candidate arrangement interval is obtained by dividing the continuous span length along the axial direction by the average axial propagation velocity within that interval. The axial width of the recovery coil is determined based on the response time span and the preset voltage range. Each candidate arrangement interval is separated by at least a preset gap to avoid interference between the induced voltage waveforms caused by magnetic coupling between adjacent recovery coils. After the axial width of the recovery coil is determined, the width coverage rate is calculated based on the ratio of this width to the span length of the candidate arrangement interval. If the width coverage rate is less than the preset coverage rate threshold, an additional recovery coil is added within the candidate interval to cover the remaining span.

[0172] In some embodiments, the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are determined in the following way:

[0173] Based on the axial arrangement of each recovery coil, the net magnetic flux change and axial propagation velocity at the corresponding positions are read from the axial induction response distribution.

[0174] Based on the net magnetic flux change, axial propagation velocity, and preset target voltage at each location of the recovery coil, the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are calculated to ensure that the characteristic voltage of each recovery coil falls within the preset voltage range. The preset target voltage is a design voltage value pre-set according to the voltage tolerance range of the external load, and the preset voltage range is the interval between the lower limit and the upper limit of the preset target voltage.

[0175] The axial arrangement position, number of turns, and axial width of each recovery coil are combined to form an energy extraction configuration scheme.

[0176] In this embodiment, the axial arrangement position of each recovery coil Once determined, the net change in magnetic flux at that location is read from the axial induction response distribution. and axial propagation speed The net change in magnetic flux reflects the total available change in magnetic flux at that location, while the axial propagation velocity reflects the time scale of the plasma magnetic flux characteristics passing through that location. Preset target voltage. The voltage range is preset according to the voltage tolerance range of the external load. The preset voltage range is from to The interval, where The lowest permissible characteristic voltage, The highest permissible characteristic voltage. Characteristic voltage of each recovery coil. With number of turns axial width Net magnetic flux change and axial propagation speed They satisfy an engineering approximation relationship:

[0177] ;

[0178] in The geometric coupling coefficient reflects the difference in effective area and spatial position between the recovery coil and the scanning coil. This is a waveform correction factor, reflecting that the change in magnetic flux is not ideally linear. Given a specific net change in magnetic flux and axial propagation velocity, the ratio of the number of turns to the axial width is adjusted. This ensures that the characteristic voltage falls within a preset voltage range. Specifically, the ratio of the number of turns to the axial width satisfies:

[0179] ;

[0180] This proportional relationship indicates that when the speed is higher near the center, a larger axial width and fewer turns are used to keep the characteristic voltage within a preset range; as the speed decreases further away from the center, the axial width is reduced or the number of turns is increased to compensate for the voltage drop caused by the decrease in speed, thus keeping the characteristic voltage within the preset range. The axial arrangement position, number of turns, and axial width of each recovery coil together constitute the energy extraction configuration scheme.

[0181] The width of the recovery coil cannot be reduced indefinitely. If the width is too small, the time it takes for the plasma magnetic flux characteristics to pass through the coil is shortened, the peak voltage increases, the pulse duration narrows, and higher requirements are placed on the insulation of the coil ends and the external interface. Therefore, the parameters of the recovery coil should meet the following requirements:

[0182]

[0183] In the formula, and These are the lower and upper limits of the permissible target voltage, respectively. While meeting these voltage range requirements, the coil design should also consider permissible current, conductor cross-sectional area, mechanical fixing, insulation distance, and available installation space.

[0184] After completing the above parameter matching, the axial width of each recovery coil is also constrained by the continuous span length of the candidate arrangement interval, ensuring that the axial width does not exceed this span length. Once the number of turns is determined, it must meet the geometric constraints of the coil installation space and the insulation distance requirements. Geometric coupling coefficient. and waveform correction coefficient The value of is determined through electromagnetic simulation or high impedance verification measurement of the formally recovered coil.

[0185] This embodiment also includes: setting different target voltage values ​​for the characteristic voltage of each recovery coil according to different external load requirements; calculating the number of turns and axial width of recovery coils located at different axial positions independently; and not requiring all recovery coils to have the same number of turns or the same axial width. Geometric coupling coefficient. The value is determined by the ratio of the high impedance measurement of the formal recovery coil under plasma-free calibration conditions to the calibration value of the scanning coil. When the voltage tolerance range of the external load changes, only the preset target voltage is adjusted. The value of [value] is used to recalculate the ratio of the number of turns to the axial width of each recovery coil, without needing to rearrange the axial position of the recovery coils. After the number of turns of each recovery coil is determined, the coil inductance is calculated based on the number of turns. The time constant between the coil inductance and the external load impedance is less than a predetermined proportion of the response duration at that location.

[0186] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0187] The peak time at the corresponding position is read from the axial induction response distribution according to the axial arrangement position of each recovery coil;

[0188] Using the peak time at each location of the recovery coil as a time reference point, the time reference point is extended forward by a first preset delay time as the start time of the load access time window, and the time reference point is extended backward by a second preset delay time as the end time of the load access time window, thus obtaining the load access time window corresponding to each recovery coil; the first preset delay time and the second preset delay time are determined based on the response duration at that location and the conduction characteristics of the external load;

[0189] Based on the axial arrangement of each recovery coil and its position relative to the plasma collision center, for multiple recovery coils located on the same side of the collision center's axis, the recovery coils are sequentially connected to the external load according to the order of the start time of the load connection time window of each recovery coil; for recovery coils located on different sides of the collision center's axis, the connection is independently controlled according to the response timing of their respective sides.

[0190] In this embodiment, the load connection time window refers to the time interval during which the power transfer relationship is established between each recovery coil and the external load. This window starts from the beginning of the time interval. and termination time Define, denoted as Peak time The time reference point is read from the axial sensing response distribution. First preset delay duration. The second preset delay duration is the amount of time the starting time moves forward relative to the peak time. This represents the amount of time the termination time is shifted backward relative to the peak time. The start and termination times are expressed as follows:

[0191] ;

[0192] ;

[0193] The first and second preset delay durations are determined based on the response duration at that location and the conduction characteristics of the external load. Locations with longer response durations allow for larger preset delay durations, enabling the window to cover a wider range of magnetic flux changes; locations with shorter response durations use smaller preset delay durations to prevent the window from extending beyond the effective range of magnetic flux changes. The conduction characteristics of the external load refer to the time delay required for the load to establish a current path from receiving the conduction signal. This delay is included in the preset delay duration to align the window start time with the effective start time of the actual output voltage of the recovery coil. The load connection time window for each recovery coil should be located within the target axial expansion time window. Within this timeframe, it is ensured that the window does not extend into non-target stages. For multiple recovery coils located on the same side of the collision center axis, the external load is connected sequentially according to the order of their respective window start times: the coil window that reaches the peak value first opens first, and the coil window that reaches the peak value later opens last. The difference in the start times of each window is determined by the difference in the peak times at each location. For recovery coils located on the left and right sides of the collision center axis, the left and right sides are independently controlled for connection according to their respective response timing. A fixed time delay relationship is not required between the two sides for the window start times, because the timing of plasma expansion to the left and right sides may differ. This time-division connection method allows each recovery coil to establish a connection with the external load at the moment of strongest magnetic flux change, avoiding the situation where a unified connection would cause some coils to conduct outside the effective window, thus generating unnecessary effects on the plasma.

[0194] The start and end times of the load access time window for each recovery coil are dynamically adjusted based on the updated predicted arrival time measured by the scanning coil during the actual recovery process. The adjusted start time is the updated predicted arrival time minus a first preset delay, and the adjusted end time is the updated predicted arrival time plus a second preset delay. When the load access time window of a recovery coil is outside the target axial expansion time window, the recovery coil remains disconnected from the external load throughout the entire target axial expansion phase. The width of the load access time window for each recovery coil changes dynamically according to the response duration at that location, and the window widths of different recovery coils are independent of each other. For multiple recovery coils located on the same side of the collision center axially, the load access time windows of adjacent recovery coils overlap in time. The duration of the overlap is determined based on the plasma axial propagation velocity and the spacing between the recovery coils within that adjacent interval. After the end time of the load access time window arrives, the recovery coil is disconnected from the external load, and this disconnection time is no later than the end time of the target axial expansion phase.

[0195] In some embodiments, after the first-stage recovery coil extracts energy, the state of the plasma changes upon reaching the downstream position. When explained using equivalent axial kinetic energy, the... The energy relationship after the first stage of recovery can be written as:

[0196] ;

[0197] In the formula, For plasma to enter the first The equivalent axial kinetic energy before the stage recovery position. For the first The energy actually extracted from the plasma by the recovery coil. This represents the energy loss from one position to the next due to radial expansion, particle loss, radiation, and other mechanisms. If expressed in terms of equivalent mass... It approximates the axial motion, and Then we have:

[0198] ;

[0199] In the formula, and The first The equivalent axial velocity before and after stage recovery. This formula shows that both recovery and natural dissipation reduce the downstream velocity, but in reality... , and It is difficult to obtain completely accurate results, so relying solely on theoretical recursion will result in timing errors.

[0200] To correct this error, the scanning coil continues to operate after the recovery coil is installed. In the... Two scanning positions are selected downstream of the recycling coil. and Their actual arrival times are respectively and Then the first The actual average velocity after the first stage of recovery is:

[0201] ;

[0202] In the formula, This includes the combined effects of the actual energy extraction ratio, natural decay, and fluctuations in a single discharge. If the distance between the scanning position and the next recovery coil is short, the arrival time of the next recovery coil can be predicted based on this actual velocity.

[0203] ;

[0204] In the formula, For the first The predicted arrival time of the update for each recycling coil, Its axial position. When the velocity still varies significantly along this interval, a velocity function fitted based on the most recent scan data can be used. Perform integral prediction:

[0205] ;

[0206] The following update The working window for each recycling coil:

[0207] ;

[0208] ;

[0209] Therefore, the first-stage recovery coil mainly uses the timing obtained from the initial scan, while the second-stage and subsequent recovery coils are updated step by step based on the actual propagation information measured by the scan coil after the previous stage's recovery. Even if the external energy receiver cannot extract all the energy generated by the recovery coil, or if there is an error between the actual recovery ratio and the theoretical value, it can be corrected through actual measurements by the scan coil, without requiring precise prior knowledge of how much energy was extracted at each stage.

[0210] Before entering the energy extraction state of any recovery coil, the following conditions can be determined simultaneously: the current time has already entered... The upstream scanning coil detected a signal that matches the characteristics of the target expansion stage; based on the actual arrival time, it was determined that the plasma has entered or is about to enter the effective area of ​​the recovery coil; the amplitude of the target expansion magnetic flux change is higher than the preset threshold; the plasma diagnostic signal does not show that it has dissipated significantly.

[0211] When the upstream scanning signal falls below a preset threshold, the waveform no longer exhibits the target expansion characteristics, the plasma density or magnetic structure falls below the effective state threshold, or it is anticipated that the plasma will not reach the next recovery coil within the effective time, the subsequent recovery coils will cease entering the energy extraction state. This stopping condition prevents meaningless timing actions from being performed without effective plasma coupling.

[0212] After completing one or more recovery tests, the arrival time, flux change, and attenuation position measured by the scanning coils in the recovery state are compared with those in the non-recovery reference state. If the operation of a recovery coil causes a significant delay in the downstream arrival time, the window of subsequent coils is correspondingly delayed; if the downstream flux change is lower than the original design expectation, the number of remote recovery coils can be reduced or their positions changed; if the voltage of a recovery coil is higher than the allowable range, the axial width can be increased or the number of turns reduced; if the voltage is lower than the target range, the width can be reduced or the number of turns increased. This forms a closed loop of scanning, inversion, configuration, recovery, and re-scanning correction.

[0213] like Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic of the scanning coil and the retrieval coil. Figure 7The diagram illustrates the updating of different scanning coils within the target expansion window during energy recovery. In this embodiment, a high-impedance scanning coil first acquires the voltage throughout the process, simultaneously acquiring the original magnet current and plasma diagnostics. Then, the target expansion window is identified, and the axial magnetic flux change and propagation velocity are inverted. Based on this, the position, number of turns, and effective width of the recovery coil are determined. The first-stage recovery coil operates according to the initial window obtained from the pre-scan. Subsequently, the actual arrival time and velocity after the previous stage recovery are measured by the retained scanning coil, and the windows of the second-stage and subsequent recovery coils are updated in real-time or online. If the scanning signal indicates that the plasma has significantly decayed or cannot reach the next recovery position, subsequent recovery is terminated.

[0214] Example 2

[0215] This invention provides a field-inverted plasma energy extraction system, comprising:

[0216] Vacuum chambers are used for plasma collision reactions;

[0217] Multiple scanning coils are used to collect induced voltage signals generated by the evolution of the plasma and the change of the original confinement magnet current. Each scanning coil is fitted at a preset axial position outside the vacuum chamber and connected to a high-impedance measurement terminal.

[0218] Multiple original confinement magnets, each arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber, have current detection terminals for generating confinement magnetic fields;

[0219] Multiple recovery coils, each coil is mounted on the outside of the vacuum chamber and connected to the energy output terminal;

[0220] The acquisition module is used to acquire the induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil, the current waveform data of the original confinement magnet, and the plasma diagnostic signal data when each scanning coil is in a high impedance measurement state.

[0221] The subtraction module is used to subtract the background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet in each scanning coil from the current waveform data of each full-process induced voltage waveform data, so as to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil.

[0222] The screening module is used to extract the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase at the start time of the target axial expansion phase determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data.

[0223] The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the screened plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position.

[0224] The axial induction response distribution module is used to correlate the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position with the axial coordinates of each scanning coil, forming an axial induction response distribution along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber.

[0225] The recovery coil configuration module is used to determine the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil and the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil based on the axial induction response distribution, so as to obtain an energy extraction configuration scheme.

[0226] It should be noted that each module and unit in the plasma energy recovery system in this embodiment corresponds one-to-one with each step in the plasma energy recovery method in the aforementioned embodiment. Therefore, the specific implementation of this embodiment can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned plasma energy recovery method, and will not be repeated here.

[0227] Example 3

[0228] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including at least one processor and a memory. Optionally, the device further includes a communication component. The processor, memory, and communication component are connected via a bus.

[0229] In a specific implementation, at least one processor executes computer execution instructions stored in memory, causing at least one processor to perform the above-described method.

[0230] The specific implementation process of the processor can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be repeated here.

[0231] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0232] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0233] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0234] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0235] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0236] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0237] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0238] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0239] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0240] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0241] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0242] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0243] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field-reversed configuration plasma energy extraction method, characterized by, An energy extraction system for field-reversed plasma is described, comprising an existing confinement magnet, a vacuum chamber, and multiple scanning coils. Each scanning coil is positioned at a predetermined axial location outside the vacuum chamber and connected to a high-impedance measurement branch. The vacuum chamber is used for plasma collision reactions. The method includes: When each scanning coil is in a high-impedance measurement state, the induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil throughout the process, the current waveform data of the original confinement magnet, and the plasma diagnostic signal data are collected. Based on the current waveform data, the background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet in each scanning coil is subtracted from the induced voltage waveform data of each full process to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil. At the start time of the target axial expansion phase determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data, the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase is extracted; Feature extraction is performed on the screened plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position. The target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position are correlated with the axial coordinates of each scanning coil to form an axial induction response distribution along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber. Based on the axial induction response distribution, the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil and the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are determined to obtain an energy extraction configuration scheme.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of subtracting the background induced voltage component generated by the original constraint magnet in each scanning coil from the induced voltage waveform data of each full process based on the current waveform data includes: Based on the equivalent mutual inductance between each original constraint magnet and each scanning coil, and the current waveform data of each original constraint magnet, the background induced voltage component generated by each original constraint magnet in each scanning coil is calculated respectively. The total background induced voltage component at each scanning coil is obtained by summing the background induced voltage components generated by the multiple original constraint magnets at each scanning coil. The induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil throughout the entire process is subtracted from the total background induced voltage component at the corresponding scanning coil time by time to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of extracting the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase at the start time determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data includes: Based on the current falling edge time characterizing the end of the magnetic compression process in the current waveform data of each original confinement magnet, and the collision merging end time and plasma expansion start time in the plasma diagnostic signal data, the start and end times of the target axial expansion stage are determined, thus obtaining the target axial expansion time window; the plasma diagnostic signal data comes from one or more of the following: magnetic probe signal, optical radiation signal, density signal, and imaging signal; the original confinement magnet includes at least one or more of the following: a quasi-steady-state coil arranged along the vacuum chamber axis, a θ-pinch coil located in the plasma formation region, and a compression coil located in the plasma collision compression region; Based on the plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil, and taking the start and end times of the target axial expansion time window as time cutoff boundaries, waveform data segments located between the start and end times are extracted from the plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil to obtain the screening plasma-induced voltage components of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feature extraction of the screening plasma induced voltage components at each axial position yields the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position, including: The net magnetic flux change at each axial position is obtained by integrating the screening plasma induced voltage component at each axial position over time during the target axial expansion phase. Based on the selected plasma induced voltage components at each axial position, the moment when the induced voltage waveform first reaches a preset threshold is identified as the response start moment, and the difference between the end moment of the target axial expansion phase and the response start moment is taken as the response duration; the end moment of the target axial expansion phase is determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data indicating the moment when the plasma significantly decays or leaves the effective recovery area. Based on the selected plasma induced voltage components at each axial position, the time coordinate corresponding to the peak value of the induced voltage at each axial position is extracted as the peak time. The axial propagation velocity between adjacent scanning positions is calculated by dividing the difference in axial position between two adjacent scanning coils by the difference in the same characteristic moment at the two scanning coils; the same characteristic moment is the response start moment or peak moment. Based on the net magnetic flux change, the response duration, the peak time, and the axial propagation velocity, the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position are obtained.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil based on the axial induction response distribution includes: Based on the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position in the axial induction response distribution, the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change at each axial position is compared with a preset magnetic flux threshold, and the axial continuous intervals where the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change is greater than the preset magnetic flux threshold are determined as candidate arrangement intervals; the preset magnetic flux threshold is determined based on the maximum value of the absolute value of the net magnetic flux change in the axial induction response distribution. The axial arrangement position of the recovery coil is determined based on the geometric center position along the axial direction of each candidate arrangement interval; The axial width of the recovery coil at the corresponding arrangement position is determined based on the continuous span length along the axial direction of each candidate arrangement interval, so that the axial width of each recovery coil does not exceed the continuous span length.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are determined as follows: Based on the axial arrangement of each recovery coil, the net magnetic flux change and axial propagation velocity at the corresponding positions are read from the axial induction response distribution. Based on the net magnetic flux change, axial propagation velocity, and preset target voltage at each location of the recovery coil, the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil are calculated to ensure that the characteristic voltage of each recovery coil falls within the preset voltage range. The preset target voltage is a design voltage value pre-set according to the voltage tolerance range of the external load, and the preset voltage range is the interval between the lower limit and the upper limit of the preset target voltage. The axial arrangement position, number of turns, and axial width of each recovery coil are combined to form an energy extraction configuration scheme.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: The peak time at the corresponding position is read from the axial induction response distribution according to the axial arrangement position of each recovery coil; Using the peak time at each location of the recovery coil as a time reference point, the time reference point is extended forward by a first preset delay time as the start time of the load access time window, and the time reference point is extended backward by a second preset delay time as the end time of the load access time window, thus obtaining the load access time window corresponding to each recovery coil; the first preset delay time and the second preset delay time are determined based on the response duration at that location and the conduction characteristics of the external load; Based on the axial arrangement of each recovery coil and its position relative to the plasma collision center, for multiple recovery coils located on the same side of the collision center's axis, the recovery coils are sequentially connected to the external load according to the order of the start time of the load connection time window of each recovery coil; for recovery coils located on different sides of the collision center's axis, the connection is independently controlled according to the response timing of their respective sides.

8. A field-inverted plasma energy extraction system, characterized in that, include: Vacuum chambers are used for plasma collision reactions; Multiple scanning coils are used to collect induced voltage signals generated by the evolution of the plasma and the change of the original confinement magnet current. Each scanning coil is fitted at a preset axial position outside the vacuum chamber and connected to a high-impedance measurement terminal. Multiple original confinement magnets, each arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber, have current detection terminals for generating confinement magnetic fields; Multiple recovery coils, each coil is mounted on the outside of the vacuum chamber and connected to the energy output terminal; The acquisition module is used to acquire the induced voltage waveform data of each scanning coil, the current waveform data of the original confinement magnet, and the plasma diagnostic signal data when each scanning coil is in a high impedance measurement state. The subtraction module is used to subtract the background induced voltage component generated by the original confinement magnet in each scanning coil from the current waveform data of each full-process induced voltage waveform data, so as to obtain the plasma induced voltage component contributed by plasma evolution at each scanning coil. The screening module is used to extract the screening plasma induced voltage component of each scanning coil during the target axial expansion phase at the start time of the target axial expansion phase determined by the plasma diagnostic signal data. The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the screened plasma induced voltage components at each axial position to obtain the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position. The axial induction response distribution module is used to correlate the target expansion stage response parameters at each axial position with the axial coordinates of each scanning coil, forming an axial induction response distribution along the axial direction of the vacuum chamber. The recovery coil configuration module is used to determine the axial arrangement position of at least one recovery coil and the number of turns and axial width of each recovery coil based on the axial induction response distribution, so as to obtain an energy extraction configuration scheme.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, The method as described in any one of claims 1-7 is implemented when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor.

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