A highland road side-mounted cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of highland cold region road anti-icing technology, in particular to a highland road side-mounted cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly and a preparation method thereof. The assembly adopts a symmetrical double-glass sandwich integrated structure, is matched with a double-edge sealing process of butyl rubber main sealing and auxiliary protection of silicone glue, is integrated with an aluminum alloy insert and a U-shaped clamping groove at a long side of the assembly, is adaptively connected through a stainless steel clamp and a hot-dip galvanized angle steel support, and meanwhile, the materials and preparation parameters of a TCO transparent conductive layer, a CdTe power generation film layer and a low-temperature-resistant PVB glue film layer are optimized. The application realizes IP68-level waterproof insulation and A-level fireproofing, the impact resistance is more than 10 times that of a traditional assembly, the wind load resistance grade reaches 12, the power generation efficiency attenuation is less than or equal to 5% under a low temperature of-40 DEG C, the electrical performance annual attenuation rate is less than or equal to 1%, the assembly can stably supply power for a highland road snow-melting and ice-melting system, and the driving safety and road landscape adaptability are considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anti-icing technology for roads in high-altitude and cold regions, specifically to a cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a high-altitude road and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude, cold regions, such as the Jiuzhaigou-Ma'anshan Expressway and Leshan-Xichang Expressway (both above 3300m), extreme minimum temperatures in winter can reach -40℃, with diurnal temperature variations often exceeding 25℃. Coupled with severe environmental factors like strong ultraviolet radiation, blizzards, strong winds, and gravel impacts, snow and ice accumulation on roads is frequent, leading to traffic congestion rates increasing by over 60% and traffic accident rates 3-5 times higher than in plains areas. Traditional snow-melting and de-icing technologies have many intractable drawbacks. Relying on de-icing agents not only corrodes asphalt pavements and reinforced concrete structures, shortening road lifespan by 15-20%, but also pollutes soil and surrounding water bodies, disrupting the ecological balance. Active snow-melting systems, which rely on external power sources, are limited by power grid coverage in remote high-altitude sections and have high energy costs, exceeding 200,000 yuan per kilometer per year.

[0003] Existing photovoltaic modules used for road power generation cannot adapt to the harsh environment of high-altitude and cold regions. The core problem is structural design defects. Most of them adopt a "single glass + aluminum frame" encapsulation structure, which has poor waterproof and insulation performance. The sealant is prone to aging and cracking in low-temperature freeze-thaw cycles, leading to moisture inside the module and short circuits. The failure rate in high-altitude rain, snow and permafrost environments exceeds 30%. They also have weak impact resistance. The impact strength of ordinary photovoltaic modules can only withstand a 0.5kg steel ball falling from a height of 0.5m, which is difficult to withstand the impact of road gravel, strong winds carrying debris and other external forces. In actual applications, the annual damage rate is more than 15%.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing photovoltaic modules lack sufficient safety performance. Traditional photovoltaic modules are mostly Class B fire-resistant, and under strong ultraviolet radiation at high altitudes, the module temperature can easily rise above 60°C, posing a risk of spontaneous combustion. Furthermore, the surface of most modules is a single blue, which is poorly coordinated with the road landscape, and in some sections, it also causes glare and reflection, affecting driving safety. In addition, there are problems with poor environmental adaptability. Traditional crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules experience a 20-30% reduction in power generation efficiency in low-temperature environments below -20°C, and under long-term exposure to strong ultraviolet radiation, the annual degradation rate of electrical performance reaches 2.5-3%, making it impossible to provide a stable and continuous power source for snow melting systems. The internal encapsulation film of most modules is ordinary EVA film, which loses its flexibility and becomes brittle at -40°C, leading to interlayer delamination and further exacerbating performance degradation.

[0005] In summary, the existing structural design of photovoltaic modules cannot solve the core problems of poor adaptability to high-altitude and cold-region environments, unstable performance, prominent safety hazards, and insufficient adaptability for side installation. These issues severely restrict the promotion and application of active snow melting technology on roads in high-altitude and cold-region areas. Therefore, in view of the above situation, it is urgent to develop a side-mounted cadmium telluride power generation glass module for high-altitude roads and its preparation method to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road and its preparation method, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road includes a double-glass sandwich power generation body, an integrated connection structure, and a double-sealed edge structure;

[0009] The double-glass sandwich power generation body is composed of two upper and lower glass substrates, a power generation functional layer sandwiched between the two glass substrates, and an adhesive film layer.

[0010] The integrated connection structure includes an aluminum alloy insert that is integrated along the long side of the component. The aluminum alloy insert has a U-shaped slot, which is connected to a hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket via a stainless steel clamp.

[0011] The dual-sealing edge sealing structure includes a main sealing layer coated on the edge of the component and an auxiliary protective layer covering the outside of the main sealing layer.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the power generation functional layer includes a TCO transparent conductive layer and a CdTe power generation film layer sequentially stacked on the inner side of the upper glass substrate;

[0013] The adhesive film layer is a low-temperature resistant PVB film layer, which fills the space between the CdTe power generation film layer and the lower glass substrate, and extends to the edge of the component to connect with the double-sealed edge structure.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: the main sealing layer is a modified butyl rubber layer, and the auxiliary protective layer is a silicone rubber layer;

[0015] The modified butyl adhesive layer seamlessly fills the gaps between the edges of the upper and lower glass substrates and the sides of the aluminum alloy insert, and the silicone adhesive layer is tightly bonded to the outside of the modified butyl adhesive layer and the exposed sides of the glass substrate and the aluminum alloy insert.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: the aluminum alloy insert is hot-pressed together with the upper and lower glass substrates through a PVB adhesive film layer and pre-fixed by stainless steel rivets.

[0017] The stainless steel clamp engages with the U-shaped slot, and an elastic buffer pad is provided between the contact surface of the stainless steel clamp and the aluminum alloy insert. The stainless steel clamp is fastened to the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket by bolts and anti-loosening washers.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: the TCO transparent conductive layer is a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer;

[0019] The CdTe power-generating film layer is prepared using a Te:Cd molar ratio of 1:1.05.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention: both the upper and lower glass substrates are low-iron fire-resistant tempered glass, wherein the outer surface of the upper glass substrate is treated with anti-glare.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention: a silicon nitride ceramic arc-shaped reinforcement layer is bonded to the four corners of the component through a PVB adhesive film layer, and the arc radius of the silicon nitride ceramic arc-shaped reinforcement layer matches the grinding radius of the corners of the glass substrate.

[0022] A method for preparing the above-mentioned cadmium telluride power generation glass module mounted on the side of a plateau road includes the following steps:

[0023] S1 substrate pretreatment: Cutting, grinding the edges and corners, and cleaning and drying the upper and lower glass substrates.

[0024] S2 functional layer fabrication: A TCO transparent conductive layer and a CdTe power generation film layer are sequentially fabricated on the inner side of the upper glass substrate;

[0025] S3 stacked hot-press composite: A low-temperature resistant PVB adhesive film layer is laid on the surface of the CdTe power generation film layer, and an aluminum alloy insert is placed at the corresponding position on the long side of the module. After covering the lower glass substrate, hot-press composite is performed to make the aluminum alloy insert and the double glass sandwich body integrated into one piece.

[0026] S4 Double Edge Sealing and Curing: The main sealing layer and the auxiliary protective layer are applied sequentially to the edge of the module and the side of the aluminum alloy insert. After curing, the module preparation is completed.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step S3, the interlayer bonding is achieved by using a gradient heating and pressurizing process for the laminated hot-pressing composite.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] Exceptional extreme environment tolerance: The double-glass sandwich structure combined with double edge sealing technology enables the module to achieve an IP68 waterproof and insulation rating, allowing it to withstand immersion in 1.5m deep water for 72 hours while maintaining an insulation resistance of ≥100MΩ; the fire resistance rating meets the GB / T9978.1-2023 standard Class A test, remaining non-combustible and without flame spread for 30 minutes at 600℃; its impact resistance is 10 times that of traditional photovoltaic modules, capable of withstanding a 1kg steel ball dropped freely from a height of 1.5m without cracking or leakage; the reinforced support connection structure achieves a wind load resistance rating of 12, effectively resisting the impact of high-altitude gravel, strong winds carrying debris, and low-temperature freeze-thaw cycles, with an annual failure rate of ≤2% in environments above 3000m altitude;

[0030] Outstanding power generation stability and durability: The sealed structure completely blocks the contact between water vapor, dust and the CdTe power generation film layer. Combined with the protective effects of the low-temperature resistant PVB film layer and the UV-resistant TCO transparent conductive layer, the module's power generation efficiency decreases by ≤5% at extreme low temperatures of -40℃, and the annual electrical performance degradation rate is ≤1% under strong ultraviolet radiation. The service life is as long as 12 years or more. Moreover, there is no hot spot effect, avoiding performance degradation and safety hazards caused by local high temperatures. It can provide a continuous and stable power supply for road snow melting and de-icing systems, ensuring that the snow melting rate is stable at 30mm / h or more.

[0031] Safety and compatibility have been comprehensively improved: the surface layer of low-iron fireproof tempered glass is treated with anti-glare, with a reflectivity of ≤8%, completely solving the problem of glare from side-mounted modules affecting driving safety; the module color can be customized according to road landscape requirements (such as gray, dark green, and light brown, etc.), and the light transmittance loss of customized colors is ≤3%, which does not affect power generation efficiency, solving the problem of traditional photovoltaic modules having a single color and not coordinating with the road landscape; the module size has been optimized to 1.5m×1.0m, and the weight is ≤30kg / m 2 It is compatible with side bracket installation requirements, the installation process is convenient and efficient, and has little impact on road traffic.

[0032] Significant economic and environmental benefits: The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the modules is ≥18%, which is more than 12% higher than that of traditional crystalline silicon modules. The annual power generation per square meter of module can reach 130-160 kWh. With the help of off-grid energy storage system, energy self-sufficiency can be achieved without external power supply. The annual electricity cost can be saved by more than 200,000 yuan per kilometer of road. At the same time, the use of de-icing agents is avoided, reducing road surface corrosion and environmental pollution. The amount of de-icing agents used can be reduced by about 50 tons per kilometer of road per year, reducing road maintenance costs by more than 30%. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the layered structure of the cadmium telluride power generation glass module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cadmium telluride power generation glass module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection and sealing system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1-Low-iron fireproof tempered glass, 2-TCO transparent conductive layer, 3-CdTe power generation film layer, 4-PVB adhesive film layer, 6-Silicon nitride ceramic arc-shaped reinforcing layer, 8-Hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket, 9-Aluminum alloy insert, 10-U-shaped slot, 11-Stainless steel clamp, 12-Elastic buffer pad, 13-Anti-loosening washer, 14-Bolt, 15-Bracket column, 16-Cd telluride power generation glass assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0040] Please see Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road and its preparation method, comprising the following:

[0041] I. Preparation of Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Glass Modules

[0042] (a) Raw material pretreatment

[0043] 8mm thick low-iron fireproof tempered glass was selected and cut into standard dimensions of 1.5m × 1.0m. The four corners of the glass were rounded and polished with a radius of 15mm to prevent edge damage from sharp corner impacts. The polished glass was then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner and cleaned at 50℃ for 15 minutes to remove surface oil, dust, and other impurities. It was then transferred to a 120℃ drying oven and dried for 30 minutes to ensure no moisture residue remained on the glass surface, preventing insufficient film adhesion during subsequent coating processes.

[0044] 6063-T6 aluminum alloy profiles are selected and cut to a length of 1.5m to match the long side of the component, forming an aluminum alloy insert 9. A U-shaped slot 10 and rivet holes are pre-set on the aluminum alloy insert 9. The U-shaped slot 10 is 12mm wide and 8mm deep.

[0045] All raw materials undergo incoming inspection: the purity of fluorine-doped tin oxide target material for the TCO layer is ≥99.99%; the purity of tellurium and cadmium raw materials is ≥99.999%; PVB film layer 4, modified butyl rubber, and silicone rubber must pass the -40℃ low temperature resistance test and the 1000-hour ultraviolet irradiation aging resistance test; aluminum alloy inserts 9 and stainless steel rivets must pass the 500-hour salt spray test to ensure no rust. Only after all indicators meet the standards can they be put into use.

[0046] (II) Functional layer preparation and stacking

[0047] The pretreated low-iron fireproof tempered glass 1 is placed into a magnetron sputtering coating machine. First, the vacuum chamber is pre-evacuated to remove residual gas impurities, and then evacuated to a vacuum level of 5×10⁻⁶. -4 The glass was heated to 200°C, and a mixture of argon and oxygen (9:1 volume ratio) was introduced. The sputtering power was adjusted to 190W, and the sputtering time was 12 minutes to prepare a 90nm thick TCO transparent conductive layer 2 on the inner side of the glass. After coating, the sheet resistance and transmittance were measured to ensure that the sheet resistance was ≤15Ω / □ and the transmittance was ≥88%. This TCO transparent conductive layer 2 exhibits excellent conductivity, reducing light reflection loss and power transmission loss, while also possessing good corrosion resistance and is not easily oxidized and degraded under strong ultraviolet light.

[0048] The glass coated with the TCO transparent conductive layer 2 was transferred to a vacuum evaporation coating machine, and a vacuum of 3×10⁻⁶ was applied. -4 A 4 μm thick CdTe power-generating film layer 3 was prepared on the surface of the TCO transparent conductive layer 2 by heating tellurium and cadmium raw materials to 620℃, controlling the evaporation rate at 0.1 μm / min, and coating time for 40 minutes. The film thickness was monitored in real time using a film thickness monitoring instrument to ensure that the uniformity error was ≤ ±0.1 μm. This CdTe power-generating film layer 3 uses a precise Te:Cd ratio of 1:1.05 and exhibits stable photoelectric conversion performance in the temperature range of -40℃ to 80℃, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency ≥18%. It also naturally possesses the characteristic of no hot spot effect, avoiding component damage caused by local high temperature.

[0049] Four strips of PVB film, each 30mm wide and 0.76mm thick, are laid along the edges of the low-iron fireproof tempered glass 1 on both sides of the long side of the component. The aluminum alloy inserts 9 are then aligned and pasted onto the film. Stainless steel rivets, 4mm in diameter and spaced 100mm apart, are used to penetrate the PVB film layer 4 and pre-fix the aluminum alloy inserts 9 to the low-iron fireproof tempered glass 1. The rivet torque is controlled at 8N·m to ensure that the aluminum alloy inserts 9 are tightly bonded to the glass, thus achieving integrated connection between the interface and the component body.

[0050] A 0.76mm thick low-temperature resistant modified PVB film layer 4 and a 10mm wide copper foil tin-plated conductive tape are sequentially laid on the surface of the CdTe power-generating film layer 3. Then, another pre-treated low-iron fire-resistant tempered glass 1 is placed on top, ensuring alignment of all layers with a deviation ≤2mm. The laminated module and aluminum alloy insert 9 are placed together in a laminator for hot-pressing composite, using a gradient heating mode: from room temperature to 80℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min, held for 10 minutes; then to 130℃ at a heating rate of 3℃ / min, held for 20 minutes, while simultaneously applying a pressure of 0.8MPa. This ensures tight adhesion of all layers and the aluminum alloy insert 9, with an interlayer bonding strength ≥25N / cm, no bubbles or delamination, guaranteeing the structural integrity and mechanical stability of the module. After lamination, the module is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature.

[0051] A silicon nitride ceramic arc-shaped reinforcing layer 6 is bonded to the four corners of the component through a PVB adhesive film layer 4. This reinforcing layer is made of silicon nitride ceramic material and is sintered at high temperature. The arc radius is 15mm, which can significantly improve the impact resistance of the corners and prevent the corners from being damaged by bumps during installation and use.

[0052] (III) Edge Sealing

[0053] A dual-sealing structure of "butyl rubber as the main sealant + silicone sealant as the auxiliary protection" is adopted. First, an automatic edge-sealing machine is used to evenly apply modified butyl rubber (model BJ-800) to the edges of the module and the sides of the aluminum alloy insert 9, with a filling width of 10mm and a thickness of 5mm. The sealing speed is 0.5m / min, ensuring continuous, uninterrupted, and bubble-free sealing. The butyl rubber forms a seamless bond with the edges of the upper and lower layers of low-iron fire-resistant tempered glass 1, achieving a 100% gap filling rate and preventing moisture and dust from entering the module. After sealing, the area is left to stand for 30 minutes to allow the butyl rubber to initially cure.

[0054] Subsequently, an adhesive application robot was used to apply SK-600 silicone sealant to the outside of the butyl sealant, forming an auxiliary protective layer. The silicone sealant was 5mm wide and 3mm thick. During the application process, it was ensured that the silicone sealant adhered tightly to the side of the low-iron fireproof tempered glass 1 and the surface of the aluminum alloy insert 9, without any gaps. The bond strength between the silicone sealant and the butyl sealant was ≥18N / cm, which can effectively resist strong winds, rain, and snow erosion, prevent the aging and failure of the main sealing layer, and further improve the long-term waterproof and insulation performance of the module. After the application was completed, the module was placed in a curing chamber at 25℃ and 60% humidity for 24 hours to cure the silicone sealant completely.

[0055] (iv) Component cutting and polishing

[0056] After curing, the edges of the components are finely polished to remove excess adhesive and burrs, ensuring a smooth, burr-free finish. Special attention is paid to polishing the inner side of the U-shaped groove 10 of the aluminum alloy insert 9, removing residual adhesive and flash to ensure smooth engagement of the stainless steel clamp 11 without any jamming. After polishing, the components undergo a visual inspection, and any defective products with scratches, bubbles, or delamination are rejected.

[0057] II. Component Performance Testing

[0058] (a) Mechanical and safety performance testing

[0059] Impact resistance tests were conducted according to GB / T 24460-2023 standard. A 1kg steel ball was dropped freely from a height of 1.5m onto nine parts of the module, including the center, four corners, and edge aluminum alloy inserts. Each part was tested three times. The module showed no breakage or cracks and no leakage after a 500VDC insulation test. The impact resistance performance is more than 10 times that of traditional photovoltaic modules, and it can effectively resist the impact of high-altitude gravel and strong winds carrying debris.

[0060] Fire resistance testing was conducted according to GB / T 9978.1-2023 standard. The components were placed in a fire resistance testing furnace, heated to 600℃, and maintained for 30 minutes. The components did not burn, collapse, or spread flames, achieving a fire resistance rating of Class A. This eliminated the safety hazard of high-temperature spontaneous combustion of components under strong ultraviolet radiation at high altitudes.

[0061] According to GB / T 19073-2008 standard, wind load tests were conducted to simulate a strong wind environment of level 12 (wind speed 32.7m / s). The cadmium telluride power generation glass module-hot-dip galvanized angle steel support system was tested in a wind tunnel. The maximum deformation of the module was ≤2mm, there was no loosening or breakage at the connection points, and the support did not overturn. It can adapt to the high-altitude strong wind load environment.

[0062] Anti-glare testing was conducted according to GB / T 2680-2021 standard. The reflectivity of the test component surface was ≤8% within the wavelength range of 400-1100nm, with no obvious glare, thus completely solving the problem of side-mounted component reflection affecting driving safety.

[0063] (ii) Waterproof and insulation performance test

[0064] The component was completely immersed in 1.5m of clean water for 72 hours. After removal, the surface moisture was wiped off, and the insulation resistance of the component was tested to be ≥100MΩ (test voltage 500VDC). There was no water ingress or fogging inside the component, and the waterproof insulation level reached IP68.

[0065] Low-temperature freeze-thaw cycle testing was conducted according to GB / T 24464-2023 standard. The components were placed in an environment of -40℃ for 8 hours, followed by a rapid temperature rise to 25℃ and holding for 4 hours, completing one cycle. A total of 50 cycles were performed. After the test, the components showed no cracking or delamination, electrical performance degradation was ≤3%, and insulation resistance was ≥80MΩ, demonstrating their adaptability to environments with large diurnal temperature differences and frequent freeze-thaw cycles at high altitudes.

[0066] The components and connecting parts were placed in a salt spray test chamber with a 5% NaCl solution at a temperature of 35°C for 500 hours. The components showed no rust or delamination on the surface, and the clamping force at the connecting parts decreased by ≤5%, demonstrating excellent resistance to salt spray corrosion.

[0067] (III) Power generation performance testing

[0068] Under standard test conditions (AM1.5, irradiance 1000W / m²) 2 At a temperature of 25℃, the photovoltaic module's photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured to be ≥18%, which is more than 12% higher than that of traditional crystalline silicon modules.

[0069] At -40℃ and irradiance of 800W / m 2 In low-temperature power generation efficiency tests conducted in an environment, the module's power generation efficiency degradation is ≤5%, far superior to the 20-30% degradation level of traditional crystalline silicon modules below -20℃. Under strong ultraviolet radiation (irradiance 1200μW / cm²), the module's efficiency also shows a reduction of ≤5%, significantly better than the 20-30% degradation of traditional crystalline silicon modules below -20℃. 2 After 1000 hours, the power generation efficiency decreases by ≤2%, and the annual degradation rate of electrical performance over long-term use is ≤1%.

[0070] The components were placed in a simulated high-altitude environment test chamber, and the temperature was set to cycle from -40℃ to 60℃, with an ultraviolet irradiance of 1000μW / cm². 2 With humidity ranging from 30% to 80%, intermittently simulating level 8 gusts, and continuous testing for 5000 hours, the electrical performance of the components decays by ≤5%, the structure remains undamaged, the connections are secure, and the service life can reach more than 12 years.

[0071] (iv) Adaptability Testing

[0072] Transmittance tests were conducted on modules with custom colors (gray, dark green, light brown, etc.). The transmittance loss was ≤3%, and the color uniformity error was ≤±2%, with no obvious color difference. The modules can be flexibly customized according to the needs of road landscape, solving the problem of traditional photovoltaic modules having a single color and being inconsistent with the road landscape.

[0073] The cadmium telluride power generation glass module 16 is installed by snapping it onto the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8 using stainless steel clamps 11. The installation time for a single module is ≤3 minutes, the flatness error of the module after installation is ≤1mm, and there is no loosening when a 500N lateral tensile force is applied. The installation is convenient and efficient, and has little impact on road traffic.

[0074] III. On-site adaptation and installation

[0075] (a) Pre-installation preparation

[0076] A concrete foundation, namely the foundation of support column 15, is poured within the red line area on the side of the road. Steel plates are pre-embedded inside the foundation, and the bottom of support column 15 is welded and fixed to the pre-embedded steel plates. Hot-dip galvanized angle steel brackets 8 of model L50×50×5 are selected and assembled at a preset tilt angle of 35°. This tilt angle is suitable for the solar altitude angle at high altitudes, taking into account both power generation efficiency and wind load resistance. The crossbeam spacing of hot-dip galvanized angle steel brackets 8 is set at 1.5m, matching the length of cadmium telluride power generation glass module 16.

[0077] The power generation units are divided according to the length of the road. Each power generation unit contains 60 cadmium telluride power generation glass modules of 1.5m×1.0m. The modules are randomly inspected for appearance and electrical performance, and unqualified products are eliminated.

[0078] (ii) Component installation and fixing

[0079] The cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass module 16 is transferred to the side of the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8. During the transfer, protective measures are taken to avoid collision between the edge of the module and the bracket. The aluminum alloy insert 9 on the long side of the module is aligned with the slot of the stainless steel clamp 11 on the crossbeam of the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8 and inserted from top to bottom to ensure that the aluminum alloy insert 9 and the stainless steel clamp 11 fit tightly.

[0080] A 3mm thick fluororubber elastic buffer pad 12 is installed between the contact surfaces of the aluminum alloy insert 9 and the stainless steel clamp 11 to prevent edge damage to the components caused by rigid metal contact, while absorbing vibration energy. The stainless steel clamp 11 is fastened to the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8 by M12 bolts 14 and nylon anti-loosening washers 13. The stainless steel clamp 11 and the U-shaped slot 10 of the aluminum alloy insert 9 are engaged to form a complete anti-loosening fastening system. The clamping force of the stainless steel clamp 11 is ≥500N, and the anti-loosening washers can effectively resist vibration and loosening caused by strong winds at high altitudes.

[0081] Rubber buffer pads are added to the contact area between the bottom of the cadmium telluride power generation glass module 16 and the crossbeam of the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8, and anti-collision strips are added to the top edge of the module to further improve the protective performance.

[0082] (iii) Electrical connection and sealing

[0083] Waterproof conductive connectors are used to connect the cadmium telluride power generation glass modules 16 within the same power generation unit in series using conductive tape. When connecting the modules in series, it is important to ensure that the positive and negative polarities are consistent to avoid reverse connection, which could lead to power generation failure. The connectors are wrapped with heat-shrink tubing and heat-shrinked at 120°C for 5 minutes to further improve waterproof and insulation performance.

[0084] A waterproof junction box is installed on the support column 15 in the middle of each power generation unit. The module lead wires are connected to the junction box through waterproof connectors, with a 1.5m slack reserved for the lead wires. Corrugated conduit is used for protection to prevent damage from pulling. The junction box is connected to the outdoor control cabinet of the energy storage system through armored cable of model YJV22-0.6 / 1kV. The cable is fixed along the support column 15, with a cable clamp installed every 50cm. The cable burial depth is ≥80cm. When crossing roadside ditches, protective sleeves are installed to prevent damage from crushing. The cable connection joints adopt crimping technology with a crimping pressure ≥12MPa to ensure a firm connection.

[0085] (iv) Post-installation debugging

[0086] Structural inspection: All cadmium telluride power generation glass modules 16 were checked to be securely installed without any loosening or tilting; a horizontal thrust of 500N was applied to the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8, and the modules showed no obvious deformation, and the bracket had no risk of overturning.

[0087] Circuit testing: Use a multimeter to test the total resistance and open-circuit voltage of the generator unit to ensure that the deviation from the design value is ≤±5%; use an insulation resistance meter (test voltage 500VDC) to test the circuit insulation resistance to ≥100MΩ, and check for short circuits and leakage.

[0088] No-load test run: Start the power generation unit under no-load conditions and run it continuously for 24 hours. Monitor the stability of the component's power generation and open-circuit voltage in real time to ensure that there are no fluctuations or abnormal shutdowns.

[0089] Load linkage commissioning: The power generation unit is linked with the energy storage system and the heating system. The temperature is set to -10℃ through the temperature and humidity controller to simulate the low temperature environment in winter. The matching between the power generation of the component and the charging efficiency of the energy storage battery and the power supply stability of the heating system is monitored to ensure that the component can provide sufficient power to the energy storage and heating systems and the snow melting rate is stable at more than 30mm / h to meet the needs of snow melting and ice removal on the road surface.

[0090] IV. Operation and Maintenance Standards

[0091] (a) Routine Inspection

[0092] The surface of the cadmium telluride power generation glass module 16 is cleaned weekly to remove dust, snow, debris, and other obstructions, ensuring the module's light transmittance and maintaining power generation efficiency. The module's fixation, sealant condition, electrical connection joints, and hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8 are inspected monthly, and any loosening, cracking, rust, or detachment is addressed promptly.

[0093] (ii) Periodic testing

[0094] Quarterly sampling tests are conducted on the power generation performance and waterproofing and insulation performance of the modules, with a sampling rate of 5%, to ensure that all performance indicators meet the standards. Before the arrival of winter each year, a comprehensive inspection and maintenance of the modules and support system is carried out, with a focus on checking the power generation stability under low-temperature conditions, the wind load resistance of the support system, and the sealing performance, in order to eliminate potential faults in advance.

[0095] (III) Troubleshooting

[0096] If the cadmium telluride power generation glass module 16 is found to be damaged, its power generation efficiency significantly reduced, or leakage occurs, the operation of the power generation unit should be stopped immediately, and the faulty module should be replaced. The replaced module must pass performance testing before it can be put into use. If the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket 8 is found to be loose or corroded, it should be reinforced or replaced in a timely manner to ensure the overall operational stability of the system.

[0097] Through application verification in a typical test section of the Jiuzhaigou-Maerzhang Expressway in a high-altitude and cold region, the cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass module 16 prepared in this embodiment stably achieved IP68 waterproof insulation, Class A fire resistance, and ≤1% / year electrical performance degradation under harsh environments such as extreme low temperature of -40℃, strong ultraviolet radiation, and gravel impact. Its snow melting power supply guarantee rate reached over 98%, and its overall performance was significantly superior to traditional photovoltaic modules and snow melting technologies. The module's structural parameters and installation mode can be adaptively adjusted according to differences in plateau road slope, sunshine conditions, and traffic flow. Its standardized manufacturing process, modular installation procedure, and full life-cycle operation and maintenance system provide a replicable and scalable technical paradigm for similar high-altitude and cold-region road anti-icing power generation system projects.

[0098] It should be noted that, in this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "sliding," "rotating," "fixed," and "equipped" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to welded connections, bolted connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0099] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a high-altitude road, characterized in that, It includes a double-glass sandwich power generation unit, an integrated connection structure, and a double-sealed edge structure; The double-glass sandwich power generation body is composed of two upper and lower glass substrates, a power generation functional layer sandwiched between the two glass substrates, and an adhesive film layer. The integrated connection structure includes an aluminum alloy insert (9) integrated along the long side of the component. The aluminum alloy insert (9) has a U-shaped slot (10) and the U-shaped slot (10) is adapted to and connected to the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket (8) through a stainless steel clamp (11). The dual-sealing edge sealing structure includes a main sealing layer coated on the edge of the component and an auxiliary protective layer covering the outside of the main sealing layer.

2. The cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation functional layer includes a TCO transparent conductive layer (2) and a CdTe power generation film layer (3) that are sequentially stacked on the inner side of the upper glass substrate; The adhesive film layer is a low-temperature resistant PVB film layer (4). The PVB film layer (4) is filled between the CdTe power generation film layer (3) and the lower glass substrate, and extends to the edge of the component to connect with the double sealing edge structure.

3. The cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main sealing layer is a modified butyl rubber layer, and the auxiliary protective layer is a silicone rubber layer; The modified butyl adhesive layer seamlessly fills the gaps between the edges of the upper and lower glass substrates and the sides of the aluminum alloy insert (9), and the silicone adhesive layer is tightly attached to the outside of the modified butyl adhesive layer and the exposed sides of the glass substrate and the aluminum alloy insert (9).

4. The cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy insert (9) is hot-pressed together with the upper and lower glass substrates through the PVB film layer (4) and pre-fixed by stainless steel rivets. The stainless steel clamp (11) is engaged with the U-shaped slot (10), and an elastic buffer pad (12) is provided between the contact surface of the stainless steel clamp (11) and the aluminum alloy insert (9). The stainless steel clamp (11) is fastened to the hot-dip galvanized angle steel bracket (8) by bolts (14) and anti-loosening washers (13).

5. The cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road according to claim 2, characterized in that, The TCO transparent conductive layer (2) is a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer; The CdTe power generation film layer (3) is prepared using a Te:Cd molar ratio of 1:1.

05.

6. The cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper and lower glass substrates are low-iron fireproof tempered glass (1), wherein the outer surface of the upper glass substrate is treated with anti-glare.

7. The cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four corners of the component are bonded with silicon nitride ceramic arc-shaped reinforcement layers (6) through PVB adhesive film layers (4), and the arc radius of the silicon nitride ceramic arc-shaped reinforcement layer (6) matches the grinding radius of the corners of the glass substrate.

8. A method for preparing the cadmium telluride power generation glass assembly mounted on the side of a plateau road as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 substrate pretreatment: Cutting, grinding the edges and corners, and cleaning and drying the upper and lower glass substrates. S2 functional layer preparation: A TCO transparent conductive layer (2) and a CdTe power generation film layer (3) are sequentially prepared on the inner side of the upper glass substrate; S3 stacked hot-press composite: a low-temperature resistant PVB adhesive film layer (4) is laid on the surface of the CdTe power generation film layer (3), and an aluminum alloy insert (9) is placed at the corresponding position on the long side of the module. After covering the lower glass substrate, hot-press composite is performed so that the aluminum alloy insert (9) and the double glass sandwich body are integrated into one piece. S4 Double edge sealing and curing: The main sealing layer and the auxiliary protective layer are applied sequentially to the edge of the component and the side of the aluminum alloy insert (9). After curing, the component preparation is completed.

9. The method for preparing a cadmium telluride power generation glass module mounted on the side of a plateau road according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, the interlayer bonding is achieved by using a gradient heating and pressurizing process for the laminated hot-pressing composite.

Images