Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application relates to the photovoltaic field and provides a photovoltaic module which can at least improve the practicability of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of cell strings, a first cell string group and a second cell string group. The cell string comprises a plurality of cell pieces arranged along a first direction; the first cell string group comprises a cell string and a first cell unit, the first cell unit comprises at least one cell piece, and the cell string of the first cell string group is electrically connected with the first cell unit; the second cell string group comprises a cell string and a second cell unit, the second cell unit comprises at least one cell piece, and the cell string of the second cell string group is electrically connected with the second cell unit; wherein the first cell string group and the second cell string group are connected in parallel, and the sum of the number of the cell pieces in the first cell unit and the number of the cell pieces in the second cell unit is less than or equal to the number of the cell pieces in the cell string.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] As fossil fuels are gradually depleted, solar energy is becoming increasingly widely used as a new energy alternative. A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight into electrical energy. Solar cells utilize the photovoltaic principle to generate charge carriers, which are then extracted using electrodes, thus facilitating the efficient use of electrical energy.

[0003] Photovoltaic modules are crucial devices for converting solar energy into electricity. Improving the practicality of photovoltaic modules is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a photovoltaic module that at least improves the practicality of photovoltaic modules.

[0005] This application provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes multiple cell strings, each cell string comprising multiple solar cells arranged along a first direction; a first cell string group, the first cell string group including the cell strings and a first cell unit, the first cell unit including at least one solar cell, the cell strings of the first cell string group being electrically connected to the first cell unit; and a second cell string group, the second cell string group including the cell strings and a second cell unit, the second cell unit including at least one solar cell, the cell strings of the second cell string group being electrically connected to the second cell unit; wherein the first cell string group and the second cell string group are connected in parallel, and the sum of the number of solar cells in the first cell unit and the number of solar cells in the second cell unit is less than or equal to the number of solar cells in the cell string.

[0006] Optionally, the first battery string group includes a first positive terminal and a first negative terminal, and the second battery string group includes a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal; the photovoltaic module further includes: a first connector electrically connected to the first positive terminal and the second positive terminal; and a second connector electrically connected to the first negative terminal and the second negative terminal.

[0007] Optionally, the first connector is located on the solar cell, the second connector is located on the solar cell, and the photovoltaic module further includes: a first isolator located between the first connector and the solar cell; and a second isolator located between the second connector and the solar cell.

[0008] Optionally, the direction in which the first battery cell points to the second battery cell is parallel to the first direction, the battery cell at the end of the first battery cell facing the second battery cell is the second battery cell, and the battery cell at the end of the second battery cell facing the first battery cell is the third battery cell, wherein the second battery cell and the third battery cell are spaced apart.

[0009] Optionally, the second battery cell is electrically connected to one of the first connector and the second connector, and the third battery cell is electrically connected to the other of the first connector and the second connector.

[0010] Optionally, both the second and third battery cells are electrically connected to the first connector, or both the second and third battery cells are electrically connected to the second connector.

[0011] Optionally, the battery string includes a first battery cell disposed at one end; the photovoltaic module further includes: a busbar located on the first battery cell and extending along a second direction, the busbar electrically connecting adjacent battery strings, the second direction being a direction intersecting the first direction; and a separator located between the busbar and the first battery cell.

[0012] Optionally, adjacent solar cells are spaced apart along the first direction, and the photovoltaic module includes a first buffer located between two adjacent solar cells.

[0013] Optionally, the solar cells overlap on adjacent solar cells, and the area where adjacent solar cells overlap is called the overlap area. The photovoltaic module includes a second buffer member, which is located at least in the overlap area and between adjacent solar cells.

[0014] Optionally, the battery strings are overlapped on adjacent battery strings, and the area where adjacent battery strings overlap is the overlap area. The photovoltaic module further includes a third buffer, which is located at least in the overlap area and between adjacent battery strings.

[0015] Optionally, the first battery string group includes a plurality of battery strings connected in series, and the first battery cell is connected in series with the battery strings of the adjacent first battery string group; the second battery string group includes a plurality of battery strings connected in series, and the second battery cell is connected in series with the battery strings of the adjacent second battery string group.

[0016] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages: In the photovoltaic module provided in this application, a first battery string group and a second battery string group are connected in parallel. The first battery string group includes a first battery cell, and the second battery string group includes a second battery cell. The sum of the number of cells in the first battery cell and the number of cells in the second battery cell is less than or equal to the number of cells in the battery string. When the photovoltaic module includes 2N+1 (N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) battery strings, the first battery string group can be configured to include N battery strings, the second battery string group can include another N battery strings, and some of the cells in the remaining battery string can be assigned to the first battery cell, while the remaining cells can be assigned to the second battery cell. This allows the photovoltaic module of this application to be adapted to application scenarios with an odd number of battery strings, thereby improving the practicality of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0017] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with corresponding pictures in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the conventional technology, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a first structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a first circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell and solder strip in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the first solar cell, busbar, and separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A top view schematic diagram of the first solar cell, busbar, and separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a solar cell, a first connector, and a first separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a solar cell, a second connector, and a second separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a first battery string group in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a second battery string in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a structure of a second solar cell, a third solar cell, a solder strip, and a second connector in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a second circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 for Figure 12 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the second and third solar cells in the diagram; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a third circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 for Figure 15 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the second battery cell and the second connector in the process; Figure 18 for Figure 15 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the second battery cell and the second connector in the process; Figure 19 for Figure 15 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the third battery cell and the first connector in the process; Figure 20 for Figure 15 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the third battery cell and the first connector in the process; Figure 21 A schematic diagram of a solar cell and a first buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 22 A schematic diagram of a solar cell and a second buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 23 A schematic diagram of a structure of a cell string and a third buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 24 A schematic diagram of a structure of a cell string and a fourth buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 25 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Battery string; 11. Battery cell; 111. First side; 112. Second side; 113. First battery cell; 114. Second battery cell; 115. Third battery cell; 12. Welding ribbon; 2. First battery string assembly; 21. First battery cell; 3. Second battery string assembly; 31. Second battery cell; 4. Busbar; 5. Separator; 61. First connector; 62. Second connector; 71. First separator; 72. Second separator; 81. First buffer; 82. Second buffer; 83. Third buffer; 84. Fourth buffer; 91. Cover plate; 92. Encapsulation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Photovoltaic modules consist of multiple cell strings. In related technologies, photovoltaic modules typically use a two-parallel-six-string configuration (six cell strings are connected in series to form a cell string group, and then two cell string groups are connected in parallel) or a four-parallel-three-string configuration (three cell strings are connected in series to form a cell string group, and then four cell string groups are connected in parallel). These configurations are generally only suitable for photovoltaic modules with an even number of cell strings, and are not suitable for application scenarios with an odd number of cell strings, resulting in lower practicality of photovoltaic modules.

[0021] Therefore, this application provides a photovoltaic module. When the photovoltaic module includes 2N+1 (N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) battery strings, the first battery string group can be set to include N battery strings, the second battery string group can include another N battery strings, and some of the battery cells in the remaining battery string can be assigned to the first battery unit, and the other part of the battery cells can be assigned to the second battery unit. In this way, the photovoltaic module of this application can be adapted to application scenarios with an odd number of battery strings, thereby improving the practicality of the photovoltaic module.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. Similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0023] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. For example, if the device or element in the illustration is inverted, then the element described as "below," "under," "below," or "bottom" of other elements or features will be oriented "above" or "top" of said other elements or features. Therefore, the term "below" may cover both above and below orientation depending on the context in which the term is used, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Materials may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees, inverted, flipped), and the spatial relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, "electrically connected to one component" means that both components are made of conductive materials, and the two components are in direct contact and connected or connected via other conductive materials. When the photovoltaic module is generating electricity, current flows between the two components. "Electrically contacting one component to another" means that the two components are not only in contact, but also, because both components are made of conductive materials, current flows between the two components when the photovoltaic module is generating electricity.

[0028] In the description of embodiments of this application, the terms "about," "approximately," "roughly," or "about" for a numerical value referring to a specific parameter include the numerical value, and those skilled in the art will understand that the deviation from the numerical value is within the acceptable tolerance of the specific parameter. For example, "about" or "about" for a numerical value may include additional numerical values ​​that are in the range of 90.0% to 110.0% of the numerical value, such as in the range of 95.0% to 105.0%, 97.5% to 102.5%, 99.0% to 101.0%, 99.5% to 100.5%, or 99.9% to 100.1%.

[0029] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this application, the thickness and / or area of ​​layers, films, panels, regions, etc., are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals denote the same elements. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0030] In the description of embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and may be further included. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be an intermediate component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or a component "directly" on another component, or a component surface on which another component is formed or disposed, it indicates that there is no intermediate component between the two components. For simplicity and clarity, various components may be drawn at any scale. In the drawings, some components may be omitted for simplicity.

[0031] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "the component" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0032] The “components” mentioned above can refer to layers, membranes, regions, parts, plates, or structures, etc.

[0033] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of the application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a first structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a first circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A corresponding circuit diagram; to better distinguish the first connector and the second connector, Figure 2 The first connector is indicated by a green line, and the second connector by a red line; additionally... Figure 2 The dashed boxes in the diagram represent battery strings, single-dotted boxes represent battery cells, double-dotted large boxes represent battery strings, and double-dotted small boxes represent battery pieces.

[0035] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The photovoltaic module includes multiple cell strings 1, a first cell string group 2, and a second cell string group 3. Cell strings 1 include multiple cells 11 arranged along a first direction X; the first cell string group 2 includes cell strings 1 and first cell units 21, each cell unit 21 including at least one cell 11, and the cell strings 1 of the first cell string group 2 are electrically connected to the first cell units 21; the second cell string group 3 includes cell strings 1 and second cell units 31, each cell unit 31 including at least one cell 11, and the cell strings 1 of the second cell string group 3 are electrically connected to the second cell units 31; wherein the first cell string group 2 and the second cell string group 3 are connected in parallel, and the sum of the number of cells 11 in the first cell unit 21 and the number of cells 11 in the second cell unit 31 is less than or equal to the number of cells 11 in the cell strings 1.

[0036] Photovoltaic modules are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0037] In some embodiments, a plurality of battery strings 1 are arranged along a second direction Y.

[0038] The battery string 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 arranged along a first direction X.

[0039] In some embodiments, the number of battery cells 11 in each battery string 1 may be the same.

[0040] The solar cell 11 can be one or any combination of BC (Back Contact) cells, TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) cells, HIT / HJT (Heterojunction Technology) cells, PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Cell) cells, thin-film solar cells, and tandem cells. Thin-film solar cells include, but are not limited to, perovskite thin-film solar cells, copper indium selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, gallium arsenide (GaAs) thin-film solar cells, and cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin-film solar cells. Tandem cells include, but are not limited to, perovskite cells stacked with crystalline silicon cells, perovskite cells stacked with perovskite cells, and perovskite cells stacked with thin-film cells.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a solar cell structure in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] refer to Figure 3 The solar cell 11 may include a first side 111 and a second side 112 facing each other. In some embodiments, the solar cell used in a single-glass photovoltaic module is considered a single-sided cell, in which case the first side 111 can serve as the light-receiving surface for receiving sunlight, and the second side 112 serves as the backlight surface. In some embodiments, the solar cell used in a double-glass module or a bifacial module is considered a bifacial cell, in which case both the first side 111 and the second side 112 can serve as light-receiving surfaces and can both be used to receive sunlight. It is understood that the backlight surface referred to in the embodiments of this application can also receive sunlight, but the degree of sunlight reception is weaker than that of the light-receiving surface, and therefore it is defined as a backlight surface.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a solar cell and solder ribbon in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 Using battery cell 11 as an example for TOPCON.

[0044] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the battery string 1 further includes a solder ribbon 12. The solder ribbon 12 can be used to electrically connect two adjacent battery cells 11 to connect the two adjacent battery cells 11 in series.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the first solar cell, busbar, and separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 This is a top view of the structure of the first solar cell, busbar, and separator in a photovoltaic module provided in this application embodiment.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the battery string 1 includes a first battery cell 113 disposed at one end; the photovoltaic module also includes a busbar 4 and a separator 5, the busbar 4 being located on the first battery cell 113 and extending along a second direction Y, the busbar 4 being electrically connected to adjacent battery strings 1, the second direction Y being the direction intersecting the first direction X; the separator 5 being located between the busbar 4 and the first battery cell 113.

[0047] In some embodiments, the busbar 4 is located on the second side 112 of the first solar cell 113. This prevents the busbar 4 from being located on the first side 111 and thus affecting the first side 111's reception of sunlight.

[0048] In other embodiments, the busbar 4 may also be arranged at intervals from the first battery cell 113 along the first direction X.

[0049] The material of the separator 5 may include, but is not limited to, ethylene. Materials include vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene octene elastomer (POE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide, polypropylene, or polyethylene. In some cases, the release liner 5 can be an EVA film.

[0050] The solder ribbon 12 is also used for electrically connecting the first battery cell 113 and the busbar 4. The solder ribbon 12 may include a first part (unidentified) and a second part (unidentified) connected to each other. The first part is located on the first battery cell 113 and is electrically connected to the first battery cell 113. The second part is located on the side of the separator 5 opposite to the first battery cell 113 and is electrically connected to the busbar 4.

[0051] Understandable Figure 5 The illustration shows the first part located on the second surface 112 of the first battery cell 113. In fact, the first part can also be located on the first surface 111 of the first battery cell 113.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first part extends along a first direction X, and the second part is inclined relative to the first part. In this way, the second part may not overlap with the first part along the thickness direction of the battery cell 11, which can avoid the battery cell 11 from fragmenting due to lamination stress concentration in the overlapping area of ​​the first and second parts.

[0053] The second direction Y is the direction that intersects with the first direction X, meaning the first direction X and the second direction Y intersect. The intersection of the first direction X and the second direction Y includes: the first direction X and the second direction Y being perpendicular; or, the angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y being an obtuse angle; or, the angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y being an acute angle. In some examples, the angle between the first direction X and the second direction Y can be 10° to 90°, for example, 10°, 20°, 45°, 55°, 70°, 82°, or 90°. In some specific examples, the angle between the first direction X and the second direction Y can also be 45° to 90°.

[0054] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the first battery string group 2 includes multiple battery strings 1 connected in series, and the first battery cell 21 is connected in series with the battery string 1 of the adjacent first battery string group 2; the second battery string group 3 includes multiple battery strings 1 connected in series, and the second battery cell 31 is connected in series with the battery string 1 of the adjacent second battery string group 3. That is, in a battery string group, adjacent battery strings 1 are connected in series, and the battery cell is also connected in series with the adjacent battery string 1; that is, all the battery cells 11 in a battery string group are connected in series. This simplifies the circuit connection relationship in the photovoltaic module and facilitates manufacturing.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first battery string group 2 includes a first positive terminal (unidentified) and a first negative terminal (unidentified), and the second battery string group 3 includes a second positive terminal (unidentified) and a second negative terminal (unidentified). The photovoltaic module further includes a first connector 61 and a second connector 62, wherein the first connector 61 is electrically connected to the first positive terminal and the second positive terminal; and the second connector 62 is electrically connected to the first negative terminal and the second negative terminal. Thus, the first battery string group 2 and the second battery string group 3 can be connected in parallel through the first connector 61 and the second connector 62.

[0056] The welding strip 12 can also be used to electrically connect the battery string and the connector, so that the first connector 61 is electrically connected to the first positive terminal and the second positive terminal; and the second connector 62 is electrically connected to the first negative terminal and the second negative terminal.

[0057] In some embodiments, the material of the first connector 61 includes, but is not limited to, silver, copper, tin, gold, lead, or nickel. The material of the second connector 62 includes, but is not limited to, silver, copper, tin, gold, lead, or nickel.

[0058] It is understood that in this embodiment of the application, the first connector 61 is used as the positive connector and the second connector 62 is used as the negative connector. In fact, the first connector 61 can also be the negative connector and the second connector 62 can also be the positive connector.

[0059] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a first junction box (not shown) and a second junction box (not shown). The first connector 61 can serve as the positive terminal of the photovoltaic module and is electrically connected to the first junction box. The second connector 62 can serve as the negative terminal of the photovoltaic module and is electrically connected to the second junction box.

[0060] In some embodiments, a first junction box is disposed on the side of the battery cell 11 facing away from the first surface 111, and a second junction box is disposed on the side of the battery cell 11 facing away from the first surface 111. This avoids affecting the absorption of sunlight by the first surface 111.

[0061] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a solar cell, a first connector, and a first separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a solar cell, a second connector, and a second separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0062] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the first connector 61 is located on the solar cell 11, and the second connector 62 is located on the solar cell 11. The photovoltaic module also includes a first isolation member 71 and a second isolation member 72, wherein the first isolation member 71 is located between the first connector 61 and the solar cell 11, and the second isolation member 72 is located between the second connector 62 and the solar cell 11.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first connector 61 is located on the second surface 112 of the solar cell 11, and the second connector 62 is located on the second surface 112 of the solar cell 11. This prevents the first connector 61 and the second connector 62 from blocking the first surface 111 from absorbing sunlight, thereby also contributing to improved performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0064] The first isolator 71 can be used to isolate the first connector 61 and the solar cell 11, preventing short circuits caused by contact between the first connector 61 and the solar cell 11. The first isolator 71 also acts as a buffer, which helps improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0065] The second isolator 72 can be used to isolate the second connector 62 and the solar cell 11, preventing short circuits caused by contact between the second connector 62 and the solar cell 11. The second isolator 72 also acts as a buffer, which helps improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0066] The material of the first separator 71 may include, but is not limited to, EVA, PVB, POE, PET, polyimide, polypropylene, or polyethylene. In some examples, the first separator 71 may be an EVA film. The material of the second separator 72 may include, but is not limited to, EVA, PVB, POE, PET, polyimide, polypropylene, or polyethylene. In some examples, the second separator 72 may be an EVA film.

[0067] In some embodiments, the number of solar cells 11 in the first solar cell string group 2 is equal to the number of solar cells 11 in the second solar cell string group 3. That is, it can be ensured that the current of the first solar cell string group 2 and the second solar cell string group 3 is basically the same, which is beneficial to the stable operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0068] A battery cell includes at least one battery cell 11. When a battery cell includes multiple battery cells 11, the multiple battery cells 11 are arranged along a first direction X. The number of battery cells 11 in a battery cell is less than the number of battery cells 11 in a battery string 1.

[0069] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a first battery string group in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a second battery string in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second cell, a third cell, a solder strip, and a second connector in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0070] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figures 9 to 11 In some embodiments, the direction in which the first battery cell 21 points to the second battery cell 31 is parallel to the first direction X. Thus, the battery cells 11 in the first battery cell 21 and the battery cells 11 in the second battery cell 31 are both arranged along the first direction X, allowing the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 31 to be divided into a battery string 1 containing battery cells 11.

[0071] The battery cell 11 at the end of the first battery unit 21 facing the second battery unit 31 is the second battery cell 114, and the battery cell 11 at the end of the second battery unit 31 facing the first battery unit 21 is the third battery cell 115. The second battery cell 114 and the third battery cell 115 are spaced apart.

[0072] In some cases, the sum of the number of battery cells 11 in the first battery unit 21 and the number of battery cells 11 in the second battery unit 31 is less than the number of battery cells 11 in the battery string 1, such that the second battery cell 114 and the third battery cell 115 are spaced apart along the first direction X. In other cases, the sum of the number of battery cells 11 in the first battery unit 21 and the number of battery cells 11 in the second battery unit 31 is equal to the number of battery cells 11 in the battery string 1, and the second battery cell 114 and the third battery cell 115 can be spaced apart along the first direction X, thereby reducing the risk of microcracks in the battery cells 11 caused by the stacking of the second battery cell 114 and the third battery cell 115.

[0073] When a photovoltaic module includes 2N+1 (N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) battery strings 1, the first battery string group 2 includes N battery strings 1, the second battery string group 3 includes another N battery strings 1, and some of the cells 11 in the remaining battery string 1 are assigned to the first battery unit 21, and the other part of the cells 11 are assigned to the second battery unit 31. This allows the photovoltaic module of this application to be adapted to application scenarios with an odd number of battery strings 1, thereby improving the practicality of the photovoltaic module.

[0074] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some cases, a photovoltaic module includes 13 cell strings 1, each cell string 1 including 12 cells 11. A first cell string group 2 includes 6 cell strings 1, a second cell string 1 includes another 6 cell strings 1, a first cell unit 21 includes 6 cells 11, and a second cell unit 31 includes 6 cells 11. The first cell unit 21 and the second cell unit 31 divide the cells 11 of one cell string 1. Thus, the number of cells 11 in both the first cell string group 2 and the second cell string group 3 is 78.

[0075] It should be noted that, Figure 1 and Figure 2 Taking a photovoltaic module consisting of 13 cell strings as an example, the number of cell strings in a photovoltaic module can actually be other values, such as 9, 11, 15, 17 or 19. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Taking battery string 1 as an example, which includes 12 battery cells 11, the number of battery cells 11 in battery string 1 can actually be other than 12, such as 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21, etc.

[0076] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 13 This is a second circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 for Figure 12 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the second and third solar cells in the diagram. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 16 This is a third circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 17 for Figure 15 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the second battery cell and the second connector in the process. Figure 18 for Figure 15 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the second battery cell and the second connector in the process. Figure 19 for Figure 15 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the third battery cell and the first connector in the process. Figure 20 for Figure 15 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the third battery cell and the first connector in the image. Figure 13 for Figure 12 A corresponding circuit diagram, Figure 16 for Figure 15 A corresponding circuit diagram. Figure 12 and Figure 14 The difference is that, Figure 12 In the illustrated photovoltaic module, the second cell 114 and the third cell 115 are electrically connected to the same connector, while Figure 15 In the illustrated photovoltaic module, the second cell 114 and the third cell 115 are electrically connected to different connectors.

[0077] Reference Figures 12 to 20 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a battery pack (not identified), which includes a plurality of solar cells 11 along a first direction X. The number of solar cells 11 in the battery pack is less than the number of solar cells 11 in the battery string 1.

[0078] When a photovoltaic module includes 2N cell strings 1 and 1 cell pack, the first cell string pack 2 includes N cell strings 1, the second cell string pack 3 includes N cell strings 1, and some of the cell cells 11 in a cell pack are assigned to the first cell unit 21, while other cell cells 11 are assigned to the second cell unit 31.

[0079] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes 12 cell strings 1 and 1 cell pack, each cell string 1 including 13 cells 11, and the cell pack including 12 cells 11. A first cell string pack 2 includes 6 cell strings 1, a second cell string 1 includes another 6 cell strings 1, a first cell unit 21 includes 6 cells 11, and a second cell unit 31 includes 6 cells 11. The first cell unit 21 and the second cell unit 31 are assigned to a cell pack. Thus, the number of cells 11 in both the first cell string pack 2 and the second cell string pack 3 is 84.

[0080] refer to Figures 15 to 20 In some embodiments, the second solar cell 114 is electrically connected to one of the first connector 61 and the second connector 62, and the third solar cell 115 is electrically connected to the other of the first connector 61 and the second connector 62. That is, the connectors for the second solar cell 114 and the third solar cell 115 are different, which allows the first connector 61 and the second connector 62 to be symmetrically arranged along the first direction X, improving the aesthetics of the photovoltaic module. In addition, using connectors to electrically connect to the second solar cell 114 eliminates the need for an additional busbar 4 to connect to the second solar cell 114 to collect the current of the first cell string group 2, and using connectors to electrically connect to the third solar cell 115 eliminates the need for an additional busbar 4 to connect to the third solar cell 115 to collect the current of the second cell string group 3, which helps to save on the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module.

[0081] In some embodiments, the second battery cell 114 is electrically connected to the first connector 61, which may be located on the second battery cell 114, or the first connector may be spaced apart from the second battery cell along a first direction. In other embodiments, the second battery cell is electrically connected to the second connector, which may be located on the second battery cell, or the second connector may be spaced apart from the second battery cell along a first direction.

[0082] In some embodiments, the third battery cell 115 is electrically connected to the second connector 62, which may be located on the third battery cell 115, or the second connector may be spaced apart from the third battery cell along a first direction X. In other embodiments, the third battery cell is electrically connected to the first connector, which may be located on the third battery cell, or the first connector may be spaced apart from the third battery cell along a first direction.

[0083] In some embodiments, the connector is located on the battery cell 11, and the solder strip 12 electrically connecting the second battery cell 114 to the connector may include a third part (not identified) and a fourth part (not identified). The third part is located on and electrically connected to the second battery cell 114, and the fourth part is located on the side of the connector opposite to the battery cell 11 and electrically connected to the connector. The third part extends along a first direction X, and the fourth part may be inclined relative to the third part. In this way, the fourth part may not overlap with the third part along the thickness direction of the battery cell 11, which can avoid the battery cell 11 from fragmenting due to the concentration of lamination stress in the overlapping area of ​​the fourth and third parts.

[0084] In some embodiments, the connector is located on the battery cell 11. The solder strip 12 electrically connecting the third battery cell 115 and the connector may include a fifth part (not identified) and a sixth part (not identified). The fifth part is located on and electrically connected to the third battery cell 115, and the sixth part is located on the side of the connector opposite to the battery cell 11 and electrically connected to the connector. The fifth part extends along a first direction X, and the sixth part may be inclined relative to the fifth part. In this way, the sixth part may not overlap with the fifth part along the thickness direction of the battery cell 11, which can avoid the battery cell 11 from fragmenting due to the concentration of lamination stress in the overlapping area of ​​the sixth and fifth parts.

[0085] refer to Figures 12 to 14 In some embodiments, both the second solar cell 114 and the third solar cell 115 are electrically connected to the second connector 62. That is, the second solar cell 114 and the third solar cell 115 are electrically connected to the same connector, which simplifies the circuit connection of the photovoltaic module and helps to improve the manufacturing efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the electrical connection between the second solar cell 31 and the first solar cell 21 eliminates the need for a busbar 4, which can save on the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module.

[0086] In other embodiments, both the second and third solar cells can be electrically connected to the first connector. This connection between the second and third solar cells and the same connector simplifies the circuit connections of the photovoltaic module, improving its manufacturing efficiency.

[0087] In some embodiments, the solder strips 12 electrically connecting the second battery cell 114 and the second connector 62 do not overlap with the solder strips 12 electrically connecting the third battery cell 115 and the second connector 62 along the thickness direction of the battery cell 11. This avoids the problem of battery cell 11 fragmentation caused by lamination stress concentration on the overlapping solder strips 12.

[0088] It should be noted that, Figure 2 , Figure 13 and Figure 16 The illustration shows a photovoltaic module that includes only the first battery string group 2 and the second battery string group 3. In reality, a photovoltaic module can also include other battery string groups.

[0089] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of a solar cell and a first buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0090] refer to Figure 21In some embodiments, adjacent solar cells 11 along the first direction X are spaced apart, and the photovoltaic module includes a first buffer 81 located between two adjacent solar cells 11. The first buffer 81 can play a buffering role, avoiding problems such as fragmentation or cracking caused by the mutual compression of two adjacent solar cells 11, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0091] The material of the first buffer 81 may include, but is not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, resin materials, polyimide, polypropylene, or polyethylene. In some examples, the first buffer 81 may be an EVA film with a pre-crosslinking degree of 50%.

[0092] It should be noted that, Figure 21 The shape of the first buffer 81 is illustrated as a Z-shape. In reality, the shape of the first buffer 81 can also be an I-shape or a straight line, as long as the first buffer 81 is located between at least two adjacent battery cells 11 to play a buffering role. The embodiments of this application do not limit the shape of the first buffer 81.

[0093] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of a solar cell and a second buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0094] refer to Figure 22 In some embodiments, solar cells 11 overlap with adjacent solar cells 11, and the overlapping area of ​​adjacent solar cells 11 is called the overlap area (not labeled). The photovoltaic module includes a second buffer 82, which is located at least in the overlap area and between adjacent solar cells 11. The overlapping of solar cells 11 with adjacent solar cells 11, i.e., the partial stacking of adjacent solar cells 11, helps save space for placing the solar cells 11 in the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the area utilization rate of the photovoltaic module. The second buffer 82, located in the overlap area of ​​adjacent solar cells 11, can act as a buffer, preventing direct contact between the stacked solar cells 11 and thus avoiding fragmentation of the solar cells 11. The second buffer 82 can also prevent direct contact between the first surface 111 of one solar cell 11 and the second surface 112 of another solar cell 11, thus preventing short circuits.

[0095] The material of the second buffer 82 may include, but is not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, resin materials, polyimide, polypropylene, or polyethylene. In some examples, the second buffer 82 may be an EVA film with a pre-crosslinking degree of 50%.

[0096] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of a battery string and a third buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0097] refer to Figure 23In some embodiments, the battery string 1 overlaps with an adjacent battery string 1, and the area where the adjacent battery strings 1 overlap is the overlap area. The photovoltaic module also includes a third buffer 83, which is located at least in the overlap area and between adjacent battery strings 1.

[0098] The battery string 1 overlaps with adjacent battery strings 1, meaning that adjacent battery strings 1 are partially stacked. This saves space for placing the battery strings 1 in the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the area utilization rate of the photovoltaic module. The third buffer 83 is located in the overlapping area of ​​adjacent battery strings 1, which can act as a buffer to prevent direct contact between the stacked battery strings 1 and the resulting fragmentation of the battery cells 11 in the battery string 1. The third buffer 83 can also prevent short circuits caused by direct contact between adjacent battery strings 1.

[0099] The material of the third buffer 83 may include, but is not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, resin materials, polyimide, polypropylene, or polyethylene. In some examples, the third buffer 83 may be an EVA film with a pre-crosslinking degree of 50%.

[0100] In some embodiments, the length of the overlapping area of ​​adjacent battery strings 1 along the second direction Y is 0.01mm to 0.4mm, for example, 0.01mm to 0.1mm, 0.1mm to 0.2mm, 0.2mm to 0.3mm, or 0.3mm to 0.4mm. For example, the length of the overlapping area of ​​adjacent battery strings 1 along the second direction Y can be 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, or 0.4mm.

[0101] In some embodiments, the battery cell overlaps with an adjacent battery string 1, and the third buffer 83 is also located in the overlap area between the battery cell and the adjacent battery string 1. This helps save space for placing the battery string 1 in the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the area utilization rate of the photovoltaic module. The third buffer 83, also located in the overlap area between the battery cell and the adjacent battery string 1, can act as a buffer to prevent direct contact between the stacked battery strings 1, which could lead to fragmentation of the battery cells 11 in the battery string 1. The third buffer 83 can also prevent short circuits caused by direct contact between adjacent battery strings 1.

[0102] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of a battery string and a fourth buffer in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0103] refer to Figure 24In some embodiments, adjacent cell strings 1 are spaced apart along the second direction Y. The photovoltaic module also includes a fourth buffer 84 located between adjacent cell strings 1. The fourth buffer 84 can act as a buffer to prevent adjacent two cell strings 1 from squeezing each other and causing problems such as cell fragmentation or cracking, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0104] The material of the fourth buffer 84 may include, but is not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, resin materials, polyimide, polypropylene, or polyethylene. In some examples, the fourth buffer 84 may be an EVA film with a pre-crosslinking degree of 50%.

[0105] It should be noted that, Figure 22 The fourth buffer 84 is illustrated as a Z-shape. In reality, the shape of the fourth buffer 84 can also be an I-shape or a straight line, as long as the fourth buffer 84 is located between at least two adjacent battery strings 1 to play a buffering role. This application embodiment does not limit the shape of the fourth buffer 84.

[0106] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the method for fabricating a photovoltaic module may include: first obtaining a first battery string group 2, a second battery string group 3, and a third battery string group, and then connecting the first battery string group 2 and the second battery string group 3 in parallel. The battery string 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 arranged along a first direction X; the first battery string group 2 includes a battery string 1 and a first battery unit 21, the first battery unit 21 including at least one battery cell 11, and the battery string 1 of the first battery string group 2 is electrically connected to the first battery unit 21; the second battery string group 3 includes a battery string 1 and a second battery unit 31, the second battery unit 31 including at least one battery cell 11, and the battery string 1 of the second battery string group 3 is electrically connected to the second battery unit 3; wherein the first battery string group 2 and the second battery string group 3 are connected in parallel, and the sum of the number of battery cells 11 in the first battery unit 21 and the number of battery cells 11 in the second battery unit 31 is less than or equal to the number of battery cells 11 in the battery string 1.

[0107] Figure 25 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0108] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 25 It also includes an encapsulation layer 92 and a cover plate 91; the encapsulation layer 92 is used to cover the surface of the battery string 1; the cover plate 91 is used to cover the surface of the encapsulation layer 92 away from the battery string 1.

[0109] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer 92 includes a first encapsulation sublayer and a second encapsulation sublayer. The first encapsulation sublayer covers one of the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 of the battery cell 11, and the second encapsulation sublayer covers the other of the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 of the battery cell 11. Specifically, at least one of the first encapsulation sublayer and the second encapsulation sublayer can be an organic encapsulation layer 92 such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) film, polyethylene octene elastomer (POE) film, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Alternatively, at least one of the first encapsulation sublayer and the second encapsulation sublayer can also be an EP film, an EPE film, or a PVP film. Among them, EP film refers to a co-extruded film composed of stacked EVA film and POE film; EPE film refers to a co-extruded film formed by sequentially stacking EVA film, POE film, and EVA film; and PVP film refers to a co-extruded film formed by stacking POE film, EVA film, and POE film. Co-extruded films can be prepared by sequentially extruding one or more raw materials onto another pre-made film during the film processing, or by bonding different types of pre-made films together.

[0110] In some cases, the first encapsulation sublayer and the second encapsulation sublayer still have a boundary line before lamination. After lamination, the photovoltaic module will no longer have the concept of the first encapsulation sublayer and the second encapsulation sublayer. That is, the first encapsulation sublayer and the second encapsulation sublayer have formed an integral encapsulation layer 92.

[0111] In some embodiments, the cover plate 91 can be a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate, or other cover plate with light-transmitting function. Specifically, the surface of the cover plate 91 facing the encapsulation layer 92 can be an uneven surface or a textured surface containing multiple raised structures, thereby increasing the utilization rate of incident light. The cover plate 91 may include a first cover plate and a second cover plate, the first cover plate being opposite to the first encapsulation sublayer, and the second cover plate being opposite to the second encapsulation sublayer.

[0112] In some cases, the first direction X is parallel to the width direction of the photovoltaic module, and the second direction Y is parallel to the length direction of the photovoltaic module. That is, the dimension of the cover plate 91 along the first direction X is smaller than the dimension of the cover plate 91 along the second direction Y, so that the multiple battery strings 1 are arranged in a horizontal format along the second direction. Figure 1The diagram illustrates a horizontal layout with multiple battery strings arranged in a horizontal configuration. In other cases, the first direction is parallel to the length of the photovoltaic module, and the second direction is parallel to the width of the photovoltaic module. That is, the dimension of the cover plate along the first direction is greater than the dimension of the cover plate along the second direction, thus forming a vertical layout with multiple battery strings arranged along the first direction.

[0113] In the photovoltaic module provided above, the first battery string group 2 and the second battery string group 3 are connected in parallel. The first battery string group 2 includes a first battery cell 21, and the second battery string group 3 includes a second battery cell 31. The sum of the number of battery cells 11 in the first battery cell 21 and the number of battery cells 11 in the second battery cell 31 is less than or equal to the number of battery cells 11 in the battery string 1. This allows the photovoltaic module of this application to be adapted to application scenarios with an odd number of battery strings 1, thereby improving the practicality of the photovoltaic module.

[0114] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Multiple battery strings, each battery string comprising multiple battery cells arranged along a first direction; A first battery string group, comprising the battery string and a first battery cell, wherein the first battery cell comprises at least one of the battery cells, and the battery string of the first battery string group is electrically connected to the first battery cell; The second battery string group includes the battery string and the second battery unit, the second battery unit includes at least one of the battery cells, and the battery string of the second battery string group is electrically connected to the second battery unit. The first battery string group and the second battery string group are connected in parallel, and the sum of the number of battery cells in the first battery unit and the number of battery cells in the second battery unit is less than or equal to the number of battery cells in the battery string.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first battery string includes a first positive terminal and a first negative terminal, and the second battery string includes a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal; The photovoltaic module also includes: A first connector is electrically connected to the first positive terminal and the second positive terminal; The second connector is electrically connected to the first negative terminal and the second negative terminal.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first connector is located on the solar cell, the second connector is located on the solar cell, and the photovoltaic module further includes: A first separator is located between the first connector and the battery cell; The second separator is located between the second connector and the battery cell.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The direction in which the first battery cell points toward the second battery cell is parallel to the first direction. The battery cell at the end of the first battery cell facing the second battery cell is the second battery cell, and the battery cell at the end of the second battery cell facing the first battery cell is the third battery cell, wherein the second battery cell and the third battery cell are spaced apart.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second battery cell is electrically connected to one of the first connector and the second connector, and the third battery cell is electrically connected to the other of the first connector and the second connector.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the second and third battery cells are electrically connected to the first connector, or both the second and third battery cells are electrically connected to the second connector.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery string includes a first battery cell disposed at one end; The photovoltaic module also includes: A busbar is located on the first battery cell and extends along a second direction. The busbar electrically connects adjacent battery strings. The second direction is the direction that intersects with the first direction. A separator membrane is located between the busbar and the first battery cell.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module comprises: adjacent solar cells spaced apart along the first direction; The first buffer is located between two adjacent battery cells.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cells overlap with adjacent solar cells, and the area where adjacent solar cells overlap is called the overlap area. The photovoltaic module includes: A second buffer is located at least in the overlapping area and between adjacent battery cells.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery strings are connected to adjacent battery strings, and the area where adjacent battery strings overlap is the overlap area. The photovoltaic module also includes: A third buffer is located at least in the overlapping area and between adjacent battery strings.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first battery string group includes multiple battery strings connected in series, and the first battery cell is connected in series with the battery strings of the adjacent first battery string group; the second battery string group includes multiple battery strings connected in series, and the second battery cell is connected in series with the battery strings of the adjacent second battery string group.

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