Photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells and its fabrication method

Abstract

This invention provides a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells and its fabrication method, comprising a perovskite cell layer, a composite interface layer, a collector backplate, and a side seal; the perovskite cell layer, the composite interface layer, and the collector backplate are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to back-light direction; the back-light side of the perovskite cell layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the composite interface layer, and the back-light side of the composite interface layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the collector backplate; the composite interface layer includes a first thermally conductive adhesive layer, a barrier coating, and a second thermally conductive adhesive layer. This invention employs a sandwich composite interface structure with a barrier coating sandwiched between a thermally conductive adhesive layer, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional interlayer structures that can only conduct heat or provide insulation, cannot simultaneously block halogen ions and water vapor / oxygen, and are prone to high-temperature damage to the perovskite during the preparation of dense protective films. This results in the thermally conductive adhesive layer possessing multiple functions including efficient heat dissipation, ion corrosion prevention, and water vapor barrier, increasing durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar photovoltaic and photothermal coupling technology, specifically, it relates to a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are considered a key development direction for next-generation high-efficiency photovoltaic technology due to their combination of high theoretical efficiency and good industrial compatibility. However, perovskite materials are highly sensitive to temperature and are susceptible to degradation mechanisms such as thermally induced ion migration, accelerated interfacial reactions, and phase separation under actual operating conditions, severely limiting the long-term stability and reliability of the devices. To address this issue, the industry has gradually developed perovskite photovoltaic-thermal integrated (PVT) modules, which remove waste heat from the cells through a back-side heat collection structure, simultaneously achieving cooling and heat recovery. The relevant existing technologies are as follows: Chinese patent CN211606485U discloses a high-efficiency photovoltaic-thermal module that combines perovskite cells and metal collectors. The internal design incorporates hexagonal interconnected channels to enhance heat exchange. The cells and collectors are encapsulated with two layers of EVA adhesive and a TPT insulating film, collecting heat through circulating fluid. While this solution achieves a basic combination of power generation and heat collection, it has several drawbacks: Firstly, the TPT film only provides simple insulation and cannot prevent the corrosive halogen ions within the perovskite cells, which will gradually corrode the metal collector backsheet over time, causing equipment damage. Secondly, the module only uses ordinary side sealing, with the side sealing layer and bottom insulation layer independent, allowing moisture and air to easily seep in, further accelerating cell aging. Furthermore, this solution only employs a single fluid heat exchange method, lacking differentiated design for different cells such as single-junction and perovskite-silicon tandem cells, and does not incorporate heat pump equipment to improve thermal quality, resulting in limited overall temperature control and energy utilization.

[0003] Chinese patent CN120834773A discloses a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic photothermal coupling system. It uses a semi-transparent perovskite cell, leveraging its spectral transmittance, and places a separate heat collection layer below the cell, along with an anti-reflection layer, to separate and utilize solar energy of different wavelengths. The recovered heat can be used for heating, hydrogen production, and other applications. This solution primarily focuses on the utilization of solar spectral energy and diversified thermal applications. Only an anti-reflection layer is placed between the cell and the heat collection layer; there is no composite structure designed to address thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and water and vapor resistance. Furthermore, this solution aims to solve the problem of spectral separation and utilization of light energy, rather than actively controlling the temperature to address issues such as high-temperature aging and ion migration in perovskite. This fails to effectively slow down cell degradation, and the lack of a complete sealing structure results in poor stability during long-term outdoor use.

[0004] Chinese patent CN223829738U discloses a bifacial flexible solar cell that combines a double-layer flexible perovskite cell with a curved reflector. It also adds a heat-conducting channel and a spectral coating to the reflector, enabling both bifacial power generation and heat collection, making it suitable for various curved surface installation scenarios. However, its heat-conducting structure is merely a rear-mounted auxiliary channel, not an integrated active temperature control structure tightly attached to the back of the cell. Furthermore, it does not use specialized barrier materials to resist halogen corrosion or mitigate high-temperature phase transition issues, and the sides are simply sealed with conventional adhesive, failing to achieve overall airtight protection. Therefore, it is not suitable for large-area, long-life photovoltaic thermal modules.

[0005] Based on the above existing technologies, it can be found that perovskite photovoltaic and solar thermal modules currently on the market still have the following problems: 1. The interlayer of perovskite photovoltaic thermal modules only uses a combination of ordinary insulating film and thermally conductive adhesive, which cannot simultaneously achieve the multiple functions of efficient heat conduction, halogen ion blocking, and water vapor and oxygen blocking, resulting in poor interlayer structure reliability. 2. The side sealing structure and bottom protection of perovskite photovoltaic and thermal modules are separate and cannot form an overall sealed protection system. External moisture and impurities can easily penetrate into the module, accelerating battery aging and failure. 3. The heat exchange design of perovskite photovoltaic thermal modules is simple and does not combine the collector with the heat pump system, making it difficult to achieve precise temperature control and graded utilization of heat energy according to different application scenarios. 4. Existing protective films mostly use conventional preparation methods, which can easily damage the perovskite core layer and make it difficult to prepare a highly dense protective layer.

[0006] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, this invention proposes a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells and its fabrication method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells and its fabrication method. This is achieved through a unique sandwich interface structure with a barrier coating sandwiched between two thermally conductive adhesive layers, a sealing system where the side seal and barrier coating overlap, a room-temperature directional chemical vapor deposition process adapted to perovskite, and the matching of differentiated heat-collecting media and coupling systems for different cell types. This effectively suppresses perovskite thermal degradation and halogen corrosion, significantly extends device lifespan, increases total lifespan power generation, and achieves synergistic and efficient utilization of electrical energy and thermal energy of varying grades.

[0008] A photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells provided by the present invention includes a perovskite cell layer, a composite interface layer, a collector backplate, and a side seal. The perovskite battery layer, the composite interface layer, and the collector back plate are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to back-light direction; the back-light side of the perovskite battery layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the composite interface layer, and the back-light side of the composite interface layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the collector back plate. The composite interface layer includes a first thermally conductive adhesive layer, a barrier coating, and a second thermally conductive adhesive layer. The first thermally conductive adhesive layer, the barrier coating, and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to backlighting direction; the backlighting side of the perovskite solar cell layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer, the backlighting side of the second thermally conductive adhesive layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the solar collector back plate, and the barrier coating is sandwiched between the first thermally conductive adhesive layer and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer. The back plate of the solar collector has multiple flow channels, and the solar collecting medium flows through the flow channels. The side seal is arranged along the periphery of the perovskite cell layer to the back plate of the collector. The side seal is an independent side sealing structure, and its inner lower edge overlaps and is bonded to the edge of the barrier coating. The barrier coating constitutes the bottom protection structure of the component. The side sealing structure and the bottom protection structure are independent of each other and overlap and connect to form a continuous sealing and protection system. The heat collection medium includes sensible heat medium and latent heat medium; When the heat collection medium is a sensible heat medium, the outer side of the back plate of the heat collector is covered with an insulation back plate; When the heat collection medium is a latent heat medium, the back plate of the heat collector is coupled to the direct expansion heat pump system as an evaporator. The direct expansion heat pump system includes a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator; The back plate of the solar collector constitutes the evaporator. The evaporator outlet is connected to the compressor inlet, the compressor outlet is connected to the condenser inlet, and the condenser outlet is connected to the evaporator inlet via a throttling device, forming a closed loop of working fluid.

[0009] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell layer is any one of a single-junction perovskite solar cell, a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, or a perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cell.

[0010] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell layer includes a first adhesive layer, a top electrode, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite absorber layer, a second charge transport layer, and a back electrode. The first adhesive layer, the top electrode, the first charge transport layer, the perovskite absorption layer, the second charge transport layer, and the back electrode are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to back-light direction; The backlight side of the first adhesive layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the top electrode, the backlight side of the top electrode is bonded to the light-receiving side of the first charge transport layer, the backlight side of the first charge transport layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the perovskite absorption layer, the backlight side of the perovskite absorption layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the second charge transport layer, and the backlight side of the second charge transport layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the back electrode. A surface film is provided on the light-receiving side of the first adhesive layer, and the edge of the surface film overlaps and is bonded to the inner upper edge of the side seal.

[0011] Preferably, when the perovskite solar cell layer is a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, the perovskite solar cell layer further includes a composite tunneling layer and a crystalline silicon absorber layer; The composite tunneling layer and the crystalline silicon absorption layer are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to backlighting direction; The backlight side of the perovskite absorption layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the composite tunneling layer, the backlight side of the composite tunneling layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the crystalline silicon absorption layer, and the backlight side of the crystalline silicon absorption layer is bonded to the light-receiving side of the second charge transport layer.

[0012] Preferably, the side seal is made of a low water vapor permeability polymer water-blocking material, and the material is selected from polyisobutylene butyl rubber, polyolefin elastomer, and thermoplastic polyurethane. The sensible heat working fluid is selected from pure water and water-ethylene glycol mixed solution, and the latent heat working fluid is an environmentally friendly refrigerant. The thermal insulation back panel is made of a low thermal conductivity insulation material, which is selected from polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene board, silica aerogel felt, and vacuum insulation board.

[0013] Preferably, both the first thermally conductive adhesive layer and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer are high thermal conductivity interface adhesive layers, and the material is EVA or POE; the barrier coating material is parylene.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for fabricating a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells, comprising the following steps: S1. A first thermally conductive adhesive layer is bonded to the backlight side of the perovskite solar cell layer to obtain a prefabricated substrate; S2. Fully cover and shield the light-receiving surface and sidewalls of the prefabricated substrate, exposing only the back surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2); S3. Barrier coatings of 1–10 μm are prepared by Perelin vacuum CVD process under vacuum and room temperature conditions. The CVD process includes substrate cleaning and activation, drying, dimer sublimation, high-temperature pyrolysis and room temperature polymerization, without damaging the perovskite. S4. Attach the second thermally conductive adhesive layer to the back side of the barrier coating, and then attach and fix the back side of the second thermally conductive adhesive layer to the light-receiving side of the back plate of the collector with the flow channel and pre-loaded heat collection medium. S5. Along the periphery of the perovskite cell layer to the back plate of the collector, fill the gap with water-blocking sealing material to form a side seal, so that the lower inner edge of the side seal overlaps and bonds with the edge of the barrier coating, thus completing the component preparation.

[0015] Preferably, the CVD in step S3 is divided into three steps: high-temperature pyrolysis of dimers, gas-phase transport of monomers, and room-temperature polymerization, with no high temperature in the matrix throughout the process.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, the second thermally conductive adhesive layer and the back plate of the collector are fixed in a vacuum-pressed manner to achieve seamless contact.

[0017] Preferably, in step S5, the side seal is cured at room temperature after filling, and the width and thickness of the cured side seal are both on the order of millimeters.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts a sandwich composite interface structure with a thermally conductive adhesive layer sandwiching a barrier coating, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional interlayer structures that can only conduct heat or insulate, cannot simultaneously block halogen ions and water vapor and oxygen, and are prone to high-temperature damage to perovskite during the preparation of dense protective films. This makes the thermally conductive adhesive layer have multiple functions such as efficient heat dissipation, ion corrosion prevention and water vapor barrier, thus increasing durability.

[0019] 2. The present invention adopts an integrated sealing structure in which the side seal overlaps the barrier coating and the surface film, which overcomes the defects of the side seal and bottom protection being independent and the easy intrusion of water vapor and impurities that accelerates battery degradation. It forms a continuous and uninterrupted sealed protective barrier, effectively extending the service life of the component and increasing the power generation throughout the entire cycle.

[0020] 3. This invention adopts a heat exchange coupling structure that can switch between sensible heat and latent heat working fluids, overcoming the shortcomings of single heat exchange mode, lack of heat pump cooperation, difficulty in precise temperature control and graded utilization of heat energy. It is suitable for single-junction and perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem cells, with uniform module temperature and no hot spots, and can graded recovery of high and low grade heat energy.

[0021] 4. The present invention adopts a low-temperature preparation process of first bonding a thermally conductive adhesive layer, then shielding the battery, and finally depositing a barrier coating at room temperature. This process overcomes the defects of traditional film formation processes, such as easy thermal damage to perovskite and poor density of the barrier layer. The resulting barrier film is free of pinholes, and the entire process is low-temperature and non-destructive to the device, thereby improving the yield of mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional exploded structural diagram of the single-junction perovskite sensible heat photovoltaic-thermal integrated module of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the room temperature vacuum CVD deposition process for the parylene barrier coating of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a comparison curve of the lifespan and total lifespan power generation of the cooled / uncooled components under simulated operating conditions according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0023] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 1. Perovskite solar cell layer; 2. First thermally conductive adhesive layer; 3. Barrier coating; 4. Second thermally conductive adhesive layer; 5. Collector backplate; 6. Collector working fluid; 7. Side seal; 8. Surface thin film; 9. First adhesive layer; 10. Top electrode; 11. First charge transport layer; 12. Perovskite absorber layer; 13. Second charge transport layer; 14. Back electrode; 15. Thermal insulation backplate; 16. Composite tunneling layer; 17. Crystalline silicon absorber layer. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] This invention discloses a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells, comprising a perovskite cell layer 1, a composite interface layer, a collector backplate 5, and a side seal 7; the perovskite cell layer 1, the composite interface layer, and the collector backplate 5 are stacked and assembled sequentially from top to bottom along the direction from the light-receiving side to the backlight side; the composite interface layer is sandwiched between the backlight side of the perovskite cell layer 1 and the light-receiving side of the collector backplate 5, forming the core stacked body of the module for photoelectric and photothermal coupling.

[0026] The composite interface layer includes a first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2, a barrier coating 3, and a second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4. The first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2, the barrier coating 3, and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4 are sequentially stacked along the light-receiving to backlighting direction to form an integrated sandwich structure. The upper surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 is bonded and fixed to the backlighting lower surface of the perovskite solar cell layer 1. The barrier coating 3 is completely sandwiched between the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4. The lower surface of the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4 is bonded and fixed to the light-receiving upper surface of the collector backplate 5.

[0027] Both the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4 are made of EVA or POE high thermal conductivity polymer materials, and the thickness is uniformly controlled in the range of 50 μm to 200 μm. This thickness range can ensure that each layer structure obtains sufficient mechanical adhesion and thermal stress buffer space, while minimizing the interfacial contact thermal resistance, thereby establishing a low thermal resistance continuous heat transfer channel between the perovskite battery layer 1 and the collector back plate 5.

[0028] The barrier coating 3 is preferably made of parylene, which blocks the penetration of water vapor and oxygen from the environment upwards and inhibits the diffusion and corrosion of free halide ions inside the perovskite to the metal collector back plate 5 downwards. The barrier coating 3 made of parylene is prepared by room temperature vacuum chemical vapor deposition process, with a film thickness of 1 to 10 μm. The film is continuous without pinholes, fully adhered and conforms to the shape. There are no high-temperature processes in the entire preparation process, so it will not cause thermal stress damage to the perovskite battery layer 1.

[0029] The side seal 7 is filled with the gaps along the periphery formed by the perovskite cell layer 1 to the top surface of the collector back plate 5. The side seal 7 is an independent annular sealing component. The inner bottom edge of the side seal 7 is tightly heat-fused and bonded to the outer periphery of the barrier coating 3. The two work together to form a continuous and uninterrupted physical barrier from the side edge and bottom of the module, jointly preventing external water vapor and oxygen from entering the module from the side gaps. The side seal 7 is made of a high-molecular water-blocking material with extremely low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), such as polyisobutylene (PIB), butyl rubber, polyolefin elastomer (POE), or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). After molding, the width and thickness of the side seal 7 are both on the order of millimeters.

[0030] The edges of the surface film 8 are bent downwards and hot-melt bonded to the upper inner edge of the side seal 7. Combined with the overlapping structure of the lower edge of the side seal and the outer edge of the barrier coating, a complete three-layer closed-loop sealing and protection system is constructed to prevent water vapor, oxygen and salt spray from penetrating in all directions.

[0031] The collector back plate 5 is made by processes such as single-sided blow molding, tube-plate brazing or profile extrusion molding; the side of the collector back plate 5 that contacts the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4 is a continuous flat surface, and this continuous flat surface achieves seamless full-surface contact with the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4.

[0032] Multiple interconnected flow channels are integrally formed inside the back plate 5 of the solar collector. The flow channels are completely embedded in the back side of the continuous flat surface or pre-placed inside the back plate. The flow channel cavity is filled with and circulates the heat collection medium 6. When the heat collection medium 6 circulates in the flow channel, it uniformly and continuously removes the excess heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic device through the heat conduction path of the entire surface contact.

[0033] The heat collection medium is divided into two categories: sensible heat medium and latent heat medium. The two types of medium are suitable for different heat dissipation and recovery schemes. When the heat collection medium 6 is a sensible heat medium, the sensible heat medium includes, but is not limited to, water or a water-ethylene glycol mixed solution; at this time, the outer surface of the collector back plate 5 is further covered with an insulation back plate 15. The insulation back plate 15 is an insulation layer structure, and the insulation layer structure uses a low thermal conductivity insulation material. The materials of the insulation back plate 15 include polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene board, and silica aerogel felt or vacuum insulation board; the insulation back plate 15 is tightly attached to the collector back plate 5 to maximize the blocking of heat conduction and convection dissipation of the heat collection medium to the external environment during the circulation process, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of low-grade heat energy of the system.

[0034] When the heat collection medium 6 uses a latent heat medium, the latent heat medium is an environmentally friendly refrigerant. At this time, the back plate 5 of the heat collector acts as an evaporator and is further coupled and connected to the direct expansion heat pump system. Through the latent heat of the gas-liquid phase change of the refrigerant in the heat collection medium channel, the constant temperature cooling and high-grade heat energy recovery of the perovskite solar cell unit are achieved.

[0035] The direct expansion heat pump system includes a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator. The back plate 5 of the heat collector constitutes the evaporator. The evaporator outlet pipe is connected to the compressor inlet, the compressor outlet is connected to the condenser inlet, and the condenser outlet is connected to the evaporator inlet via the throttling device pipe, thus forming a closed loop of the heat collection medium 6.

[0036] When the heat-collecting medium circulating in the component channel is a latent heat medium, the coupled direct expansion heat pump system, compared with traditional sensible heat mediums or passive cooling, can achieve heat recovery and reuse through heat pump. In terms of cooling performance, the latent heat medium can significantly reduce the component temperature, greatly improve the temperature uniformity of the component surface, avoid temperature unevenness and hot spots caused by the introduction of cooling structures, and ensure that the system can still operate normally under extreme environmental conditions through coupling with the heat pump system. It is widely applicable to photovoltaic and solar thermal power supply and heating applications, building-integrated solar energy, distributed energy supply and other application scenarios in extremely hot and cold regions.

[0037] Example 1 This embodiment is a single-junction perovskite photovoltaic-thermal integrated module adapted for residential low-temperature thermal storage conditions. It is filled with sensible heat working fluid and only requires a room-temperature liquid circulation pipeline, without the need for a direct expansion heat pump system.

[0038] In this embodiment, the composite interface adopts a composite structure of POE thermally conductive adhesive and parylene film. The first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4 are both made of POE high thermal conductivity film with a thickness of 100 μm, which can ensure that the heat generated by the perovskite battery layer 1 is uniformly transferred downward along the vertical path of the stack. The barrier coating 3 is a dense parylene film with a thickness of 5 μm. Its extremely low water vapor permeability can simultaneously block external water vapor and oxygen from intruding inward, while also preventing the halogen ions inside the perovskite system from corroding the metal collector back plate 5 downward.

[0039] The side seal 7 fills the gap along the periphery formed by the perovskite cell layer 1 and the top surface of the collector back plate 5. The side seal 7 is made of polyisobutylene butyl rubber, and the width of the side seal after molding is about 12 mm. The lower inner edge of the side seal is heat-fused to the outer edge of the barrier coating 3; at the same time, the outer edges of the surface film 8 are turned down, and the turned-up area is heat-fused to the upper inner edge of the side seal 7, forming a complete sealing ring with bidirectional overlap.

[0040] The back plate 5 of the solar collector is made of aluminum alloy through integral extrusion molding. Multiple interconnected channels inside circulate the sensible heat collection medium 6, which is formed by mixing ethylene glycol and pure water at a volume ratio of 1:4.

[0041] The sensible heat medium can be either pure water or ethylene glycol aqueous solution. Pure water is suitable for mild, frost-free areas, while the mixed solution has low-temperature antifreeze properties, which can expand the application scenarios in northern winters.

[0042] The perovskite solar cell layer 1, as the outermost light-receiving body of the module, is composed of a surface film 8, a first adhesive layer 9, a top electrode 10, a first charge transport layer 11, a perovskite absorption layer 12, a second charge transport layer 13, and a back electrode 14, which are sequentially stacked and bonded along the light-receiving direction to the backlight direction. The surface film 8 is bonded to the light-receiving side of the first adhesive layer 9, the top electrode 10 is bonded to the backlight side of the first adhesive layer 9, the first charge transport layer 11 is bonded to the backlight side of the top electrode 10, the perovskite absorption layer 12 is bonded to the backlight side of the first charge transport layer 11, the second charge transport layer 13 is bonded to the backlight side of the perovskite absorption layer 12, the back electrode 14 is bonded to the backlight side of the second charge transport layer 13, and the back electrode 14 is bonded to the light-receiving surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 on the backlight side. All layers are bonded without gaps.

[0043] The surface film thickness is 3.2 mm. The top electrode 10 is made of FTO transparent conductive glass with a thickness of 100–500 nm. The first charge transport layer 11 has a thickness of 10–50 nm, and the second charge transport layer 13 has a thickness of 20–100 nm. The perovskite absorber layer has a thickness of 300–800 nm. The back electrode has a thickness of 80–200 nm. Each film thickness range is adapted to the fabrication requirements of high-efficiency single-junction perovskite devices.

[0044] In this embodiment, a heat insulation backplate 15 is attached to the back side of the collector backplate 5, and the heat insulation backplate 15 completely covers the bottom end face of the collector backplate 5; the heat insulation backplate 15 is made of polyurethane foam material.

[0045] In this embodiment, when working under sunlight, the perovskite absorption layer 12 absorbs sunlight and completes the photoelectric conversion, converting the loss into waste heat. The heat is uniformly conducted along the stack through the composite interface to the back plate 5 of the collector. The ethylene glycol-pure water mixed working fluid circulates in the flow channel to absorb heat and raise the temperature, and the low-temperature waste heat is transported to the heat storage equipment for storage.

[0046] The bottom insulation back panel 15 reduces heat dissipation from the back panel. The edge seal 7, the barrier coating 3, and the surface film edge overlap to form a complete sealing structure, which bidirectionally blocks corrosive media and inhibits the migration of perovskite ions at high temperatures and the deterioration of phase separation.

[0047] Under the standard 1.5 AM, 298 K simulated operating conditions, this embodiment can control the steady-state operating temperature of the components to within 45 ℃, increase the service life of the devices by 3 to 5 times compared to components without cooling, increase the power generation over the entire life cycle by 3 to 7 times, and recover 40 to 50 ℃ warm water to directly supply the building's domestic hot water pipe network.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a single-junction perovskite photovoltaic-thermal integrated module configuration, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1, a 3.2 mm transparent surface film 8 is selected, and after plasma cleaning, the first adhesive layer 9, FTO top electrode 10, first charge transport layer 11, perovskite absorption layer 12, second charge transport layer 13 and metal back electrode 14 are stacked layer by layer. Each layer is subjected to low-temperature annealing treatment. After all functional layers are stacked, a complete single-junction perovskite battery substrate is obtained by low-temperature pre-pressing. A 100 μm thick POE film is laminated on the back side of the battery substrate back electrode 14 as the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 to obtain the prefabricated substrate.

[0049] S2 uses a silicone protective interlayer to fully cover and shield the light-receiving surface and all sidewalls of the prefabricated substrate, leaving only the backlit lower surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 exposed as the deposition working surface.

[0050] S3, the prefabricated substrate with the back side facing up is fixed in the vacuum cavity, and a 5 μm thick pinhole-free parylene barrier coating is prepared using the Parylene vacuum chemical vapor deposition process.

[0051] The complete process flow of Parelin vacuum chemical vapor deposition includes two main stages: substrate pretreatment and vapor deposition, with the following detailed steps: S31. Substrate cleaning: Use ultrasonic cleaning, plasma cleaning or solvent wiping to remove contaminants such as grease, dust, and oxides from the surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer substrate; common cleaning agents include isopropanol (IPA), acetone or deionized water.

[0052] S32. Activation treatment: For substrates that are difficult to adhere to, such as PTFE and silicone, plasma treatment or chemical treatment with silane coupling agents can be used to improve the surface energy of the substrate and enhance the adhesion of the barrier coating.

[0053] S33. Low-temperature drying: After cleaning and activation, the substrate is placed in an oven at 50-80 ℃ to dry thoroughly, completely removing residual moisture from the substrate surface and avoiding pinholes and delamination defects in the coating.

[0054] S34, Dimer Sublimation: Solid pyrene dimer is heated to 120-160 °C in a vacuum environment, causing it to directly sublimate into a gaseous dimer.

[0055] S35. High-temperature pyrolysis: The gaseous dimer is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber at 650-700 ℃ and decomposes upon heating to generate highly active monomers.

[0056] S36, Room temperature deposition polymerization: The active monomer is transported to a room temperature deposition chamber at 25-30 ℃, where it spontaneously polymerizes on the substrate surface to form a uniform and dense poly(p-xylene) film; the film thickness can be flexibly controlled by the amount of dimer fed and the deposition time, and the process can prepare films of 0.1-50 μm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the barrier coating is controlled to be 5 μm.

[0057] The entire deposition process only treats the gaseous raw materials at high temperatures, while the prefabricated substrate is kept at room temperature throughout the process, which will not cause thermal stress or high-temperature decomposition damage to the perovskite solar cell layer. In this embodiment, the pyrolysis temperature is 690℃, the monomer delivery pipeline is kept at a constant temperature of 300~500℃, and the deposition chamber is kept at a constant temperature of 25℃.

[0058] S4, a 100 μm POE film is laid on the back side of the barrier coating 3 as the second thermally conductive adhesive layer 4. The aluminum alloy collector back plate 5, which is pre-filled with a 1:4 ethylene glycol-pure water mixed working fluid 6 and has multiple internally formed connecting channels, is aligned with the composite structure. Vacuum lamination is then performed to complete the seamless overall bonding, eliminating interfacial air gaps and constructing a uniform thermally conductive channel.

[0059] S5, thermoplastic polyurethane sealant is injected into the gaps along the periphery of the perovskite cell layer 1 to the top surface of the collector back plate 5. The injection width is controlled to be 12 mm. It is left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to cure naturally. After curing, the bottom edge of the inner side of the side seal 7 is hot-melted and overlapped with the outer edge of the barrier coating 3. At the same time, the edges of the surface film 8 are turned up and tightly bonded to the upper edge of the inner side of the side seal 7 to form a continuous side edge sealing barrier.

[0060] S6, silica aerogel is composite and pressed with vacuum insulation board to obtain insulation back plate 15. Low temperature pressure sensitive adhesive is coated on the back side of the collector back plate 5 and then cold-pressed. Finally, a full range of appearance and performance tests are carried out on the interlayer bonding, sealing and flow channel sealing of the components to remove defective products. The whole process is carried out at low temperature, which will not damage the perovskite layer structure.

[0061] Example 2 This embodiment is a single-junction perovskite photovoltaic-thermal integrated module adapted to a direct expansion heat pump, filled with latent heat refrigerant, equipped with a direct expansion heat pump closed loop, and without an insulation backplate 15.

[0062] This embodiment maintains the same basic structure as Embodiment 1. The difference is that multiple interconnected channels inside the collector back plate 5 allow R290 environmentally friendly refrigerant to circulate as the latent heat collection medium 6, and the collector back plate 5 directly serves as an evaporator connected to the closed loop of the direct expansion heat pump.

[0063] During operation, the liquid refrigerant absorbs the heat generated by the tandem solar cells within the internal channels of the backsheet, undergoing a dramatic gas-liquid phase change and boiling. Leveraging the refrigerant's extremely high latent heat transfer coefficient, the system effectively locks the single-junction perovskite solar cells within the optimal operating temperature range of 25–35 °C, maximizing photoelectric conversion efficiency while ensuring minimal temperature gradients on the large-area module surface, thus preventing localized high-temperature hotspots from tearing the perovskite film. The refrigerant, after absorbing waste heat and completely vaporizing, enters the compressor to perform work, pressurizing and heating, stably outputting high-grade heat energy at 60–75 °C, suitable for high-grade heating scenarios such as winter heating in frigid regions and industrial auxiliary heating. The entire heat pump system is not limited by extreme high or low temperature environments and can stably achieve photovoltaic power generation and waste heat recovery throughout the year.

[0064] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a single-junction heat pump type photovoltaic-thermal integrated module configuration, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1. Prepare a complete single-junction perovskite solar cell substrate according to the procedure in Example 1. Attach a 100 μm POE film to the backlight side of the back electrode to form the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2, thus obtaining the prefabricated substrate.

[0065] S2 uses a silicone interlayer to fully cover and shield the light-receiving surface and sidewalls of the prefabricated substrate, exposing only the backlight surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer.

[0066] S3, a 5 μm thick barrier coating was prepared using the Parelin vacuum chemical vapor deposition process.

[0067] The complete process flow of Parelin vacuum chemical vapor deposition includes two main stages: substrate pretreatment and vapor deposition, with the following detailed steps: S31. Substrate cleaning: Use ultrasonic cleaning, plasma cleaning or solvent wiping to remove contaminants such as grease, dust, and oxides from the surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer substrate; common cleaning agents include isopropanol (IPA), acetone or deionized water.

[0068] S32. Activation treatment: For substrates that are difficult to adhere to, such as PTFE and silicone, plasma treatment or chemical treatment with silane coupling agents can be used to improve the surface energy of the substrate and enhance the adhesion of the barrier coating.

[0069] S33. Low-temperature drying: After cleaning and activation, the substrate is placed in an oven at 50-80 ℃ to dry thoroughly, completely removing residual moisture from the substrate surface and avoiding pinholes and delamination defects in the coating.

[0070] S34, Dimer Sublimation: Solid pyrene dimer is heated to 120-160 °C in a vacuum environment, causing it to directly sublimate into a gaseous dimer.

[0071] S35. High-temperature pyrolysis: The gaseous dimer is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber at 650-700 ℃ and decomposes upon heating to generate highly active monomers.

[0072] S36, Room temperature deposition polymerization: The active monomer is transported to a room temperature deposition chamber at 25-30 ℃, where it spontaneously polymerizes on the substrate surface to form a uniform and dense poly(p-xylene) film; the film thickness can be flexibly controlled by the amount of dimer fed and the deposition time, and the process can prepare films of 0.1-50 μm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the barrier coating is controlled to be 5 μm.

[0073] The entire deposition process only treats the gaseous raw materials at high temperatures, while the prefabricated substrate is kept at room temperature throughout the process, which will not cause thermal stress or high-temperature decomposition damage to the perovskite solar cell layer; the pyrolysis temperature is 690 ℃, the monomer delivery pipeline is kept at a constant temperature of 300~500 ℃, and the deposition chamber is kept at a constant temperature of 25 ℃.

[0074] S4, after laying a 100 μm POE second thermally conductive adhesive layer, is aligned and vacuum-pressed together with the collector back plate 5, which has multiple built-in connecting channels and reserved pressure-resistant interfaces; the collector back plate 5 is formed by vacuum brazing, and after the assembly is completed, it is connected to the heat pump pipeline through the pressure-resistant interface to complete the vacuuming, leak detection and R290 refrigerant charging.

[0075] S5, inject sealant into the gaps around the top surface of the perovskite cell layer 1 to the collector back plate 5, and cure at room temperature for 24 hours; after curing, the lower edge of the inner side of the side seal is hot-melted and overlapped with the outer edge of the barrier coating, and the surface film is turned over and bonded to the upper edge of the side seal.

[0076] S6, omitting the 15th assembly process of the insulation back plate, connects the two ends of the collector back plate flow channel to the compressor, air-cooled condenser, and throttling capillary tube in sequence through pressure-resistant pipes, assembling the complete direct expansion heat pump closed loop, and completing the inspection and warehousing.

[0077] Example 3 This embodiment is a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem photovoltaic-thermal integrated module adapted to mild and low-humidity outdoor conditions. It is filled with pure water as the sensible heat medium, equipped with only a normal temperature liquid circulation pipeline, without an external direct expansion heat pump system, and is equipped with an insulation backplate 15.

[0078] This embodiment is basically consistent with the basic structure of Embodiment 1. The difference is that a composite tunneling layer 16 and a crystalline silicon absorption layer 17 are added sequentially from the light-receiving direction to the backlight between the backlight side of the perovskite absorption layer 12 and the light-receiving side of the second charge transport layer 13. The composite tunneling layer 16 has a thickness of 20 nm, and the crystalline silicon absorption layer 17 has a thickness of 300-800 nm. The backlight side of the perovskite absorption layer 12 is attached to the light-receiving side of the composite tunneling layer 16, the backlight side of the composite tunneling layer 16 is attached to the light-receiving side of the crystalline silicon absorption layer 17, and the backlight side of the crystalline silicon absorption layer 17 is attached to the light-receiving side of the second charge transport layer 13.

[0079] During operation under sunlight, the perovskite absorption layer 12 mainly absorbs short-wave sunlight, while the crystalline silicon absorption layer 17 is responsible for absorbing long-wave sunlight. The two work together to broaden the spectral absorption range and significantly improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. Excess heat generated by photoelectric loss and internal resistance is uniformly conducted to the back plate 5 of the collector through the composite interface layer. The flat contact surface of the back plate ensures that the heat is transferred to the internal sensible heat working fluid without obstruction.

[0080] Under high-irradiation conditions in summer, the water pump drives the pure water sensible heat medium to circulate in multiple interconnected channels. Through continuous heat conduction, the waste heat generated by the perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell is dissipated, keeping its steady-state operating temperature below 45 ℃ and effectively suppressing thermally induced phase separation. At the same time, the system outputs warm water at 40-50 ℃, which can be directly connected to the building's domestic hot water network.

[0081] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a perovskite-crystalline silicon stacked sensible heat-generating component configuration, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1, the surface thin film 8, the first adhesive layer 9, the top electrode 10, the first charge transport layer 11, and the perovskite absorber layer 12 are prepared sequentially, and then the composite tunneling layer 16, the crystalline silicon absorber layer 17, the second charge transport layer 13, and the back electrode 14 are deposited sequentially to form a complete stacked battery substrate; a 100 μm POE film is bonded to the backlight side of the back electrode to form the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2, and the prefabricated substrate is obtained.

[0082] S2 uses a silicone sandwich layer to fully cover and shield the prefabricated substrate, exposing only the back surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer.

[0083] S3, a 5 μm thick barrier coating was prepared using the Parelin vacuum chemical vapor deposition process.

[0084] The complete process flow of Parelin vacuum chemical vapor deposition includes two main stages: substrate pretreatment and vapor deposition, with the following detailed steps: S31. Substrate Cleaning: Use ultrasonic cleaning, plasma cleaning, or solvent wiping to remove contaminants such as grease, dust, and oxides from the surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer substrate; common cleaning agents include isopropanol (IPA), acetone, or deionized water; S32. Activation treatment: For substrates that are difficult to adhere to, such as PTFE and silicone, plasma treatment or chemical treatment with silane coupling agents can be used to improve the surface energy of the substrate and enhance the adhesion of the barrier coating. S33. Low-temperature drying: After cleaning and activation, the substrate is placed in an oven at 50-80 ℃ to dry thoroughly, completely removing residual moisture from the surface of the substrate and avoiding pinholes and delamination defects in the coating. S34, Dimer Sublimation: Solid pyrene dimer is heated to 120-160 ℃ in a vacuum environment, causing it to directly sublimate into a gaseous dimer; S35, High-temperature pyrolysis: The gaseous dimer is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber at 650-700 ℃ and decomposes upon heating to generate highly active monomers; S36, Room temperature deposition polymerization: The active monomer is transported to a room temperature deposition chamber at 25-30 ℃, where it spontaneously polymerizes on the substrate surface to form a uniform and dense poly(p-xylene) film; the film thickness can be flexibly controlled by the amount of dimer fed and the deposition time, and the process can prepare films of 0.1-50 μm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the barrier coating is controlled to be 5 μm. The entire deposition process only treats the gaseous raw materials at high temperatures, while the prefabricated substrate is kept at room temperature throughout the process, which will not cause thermal stress or high-temperature decomposition damage to the perovskite solar cell layer; the pyrolysis temperature is 690 ℃, the monomer delivery pipeline is kept at a constant temperature of 300~500 ℃, and the deposition chamber is kept at a constant temperature of 25 ℃.

[0085] S4, the second thermally conductive adhesive layer of the contract specification is vacuum-pressed onto the back plate of the collector, which is pre-filled with pure water sensible heat medium and has multiple internal connecting channels.

[0086] S5, inject polyisobutylene butyl rubber sealant along the gaps around the component, and cure at room temperature to form a 12 mm wide side seal 7; the lower inner edge of the side seal is heat-fused to the outer edge of the barrier coating, and the surface film is rolled up to fit and seal the upper edge of the side seal.

[0087] S6, assemble polyurethane composite insulation back panel 15, complete the assembly of the stacked sensible heat integrated component, and test and finalize the sealing performance.

[0088] Example 4 This embodiment is a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem photovoltaic-thermal integrated module adapted to harsh working conditions of high humidity and salt spray in coastal and marine environments. It is filled with R410A environmentally friendly latent heat refrigerant and equipped with a direct expansion heat pump system. The lower surface of the collector is in direct contact with the air and has no heat insulation back panel structure.

[0089] The internal layer structure of the stacked battery in this embodiment is consistent with that in embodiment 3. To match the higher heat dissipation requirements of the stacked battery, the back plate 5 of the collector in this embodiment adopts a high-pressure aluminum tube plate brazed microchannel structure. The microchannels form multiple interconnected heat exchange channels inside the back plate. The entire heat exchange system is directly coupled to the direct expansion heat pump system. The heat insulation back plate is eliminated, and the lower surface of the back plate 5 of the collector is in direct contact with the air. The internal circulating medium is replaced with R410A environmentally friendly refrigerant.

[0090] During operation, the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the tandem solar cells within the microchannels of the backplane, undergoing a dramatic gas-liquid phase change and boiling. Utilizing the extremely high latent heat transfer coefficient of the phase change, the system not only firmly locks the tandem solar cells at their optimal operating temperature of 25–35 °C, maximizing efficiency, but also ensures minimal temperature gradients on the surface of large-area components, preventing localized hot spots from tearing the perovskite film. The refrigerant, vaporized after absorbing waste heat, enters the compressor to perform work, stably outputting high-grade heat energy at temperatures as high as 60–75 °C, suitable for winter heating or industrial auxiliary heating in frigid regions.

[0091] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a high weather-resistant perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem heat pump module configuration, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1, prepare the surface thin film 8 to the perovskite absorption layer in sequence, deposit the composite tunneling layer and the crystalline silicon absorption layer, and then form the back electrode. Attach a 100 μm EVA film as the first thermally conductive adhesive layer 2 to the backlight side of the back electrode to obtain the prefabricated substrate. Use a silicone interlayer to fully cover and shield the light-receiving surface and all sidewalls of the prefabricated substrate, exposing only the backlight working surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer.

[0092] S2, a dense, thickened barrier coating with a thickness of 10 μm was prepared using the Parylene vacuum chemical vapor deposition process.

[0093] The complete process flow of Parelin vacuum chemical vapor deposition includes two main stages: substrate pretreatment and vapor deposition, with the following detailed steps: S21. Substrate cleaning: Use ultrasonic cleaning, plasma cleaning or solvent wiping to remove contaminants such as grease, dust, and oxides from the surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer substrate; common cleaning agents include isopropanol (IPA), acetone or deionized water.

[0094] S22. Activation treatment: For substrates that are difficult to adhere to, such as PTFE and silicone, plasma treatment or chemical treatment with silane coupling agents can be used to improve the surface energy of the substrate and enhance the adhesion of the barrier coating.

[0095] S23. Low-temperature drying: After cleaning and activation, the substrate is placed in an oven at 50-80 ℃ to dry thoroughly, completely removing residual moisture from the substrate surface and avoiding pinholes and delamination defects in the coating.

[0096] S24, Dimer Sublimation: Solid pyrene dimer is heated to 120-160 °C in a vacuum environment, causing it to directly sublimate into a gaseous dimer.

[0097] S25. High-temperature pyrolysis: The gaseous dimer is introduced into a pyrolysis chamber at 650-700 ℃ and decomposes upon heating to generate highly active monomers.

[0098] S26. Room temperature deposition polymerization: The active monomer is transported to a room temperature deposition chamber at 25-30 ℃ and spontaneously polymerizes on the substrate surface to form a uniform and dense poly(p-xylene) film. The film thickness can be flexibly controlled by the amount of dimer fed and the deposition time. The process can prepare films of 0.1-50 μm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the barrier coating is controlled to be 10 μm.

[0099] The entire deposition process only treats the gaseous raw materials at high temperatures, while the prefabricated substrate is kept at room temperature throughout the process, which will not cause thermal stress or high-temperature decomposition damage to the perovskite solar cell layer; the pyrolysis temperature is 690 ℃, the monomer delivery pipeline is kept at a constant temperature of 300~500 ℃, and the deposition chamber is kept at a constant temperature of 25 ℃.

[0100] S3, after applying the second thermally conductive EVA adhesive layer of the contract specifications, is vacuum-pressed with the collector back plate 5, which adopts tube-plate brazing process, has multiple built-in microchannels and reserved pressure-resistant interfaces; after the collector back plate 5 is formed, a pressure-resistant pipeline interface is reserved. After the components are assembled, they are connected to the heat pump system to complete vacuuming, leak detection and R410A refrigerant charging.

[0101] S4, inject polyisobutylene butyl rubber into all the gaps around the component, control the curing width to 12 mm, and fully cure at room temperature; after curing, the inner edge of the side seal is seamlessly heat-fused to the outer edge of the barrier coating, and the surface film is simultaneously flipped up and bonded to the upper edge of the side seal for sealing.

[0102] S5, omitting the assembly steps of the polyurethane insulation back plate 15, connect the pressure-resistant pipes at both ends of the collector back plate to the compressor, air-cooled condenser, and throttling capillary tube in sequence to assemble the complete direct expansion heat pump closed loop; finally, check the layer bonding status, edge seal sealing and pipe unobstructedness of each component, and remove defective components to complete the preparation.

[0103] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0104] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells, characterized in that: It includes a perovskite cell layer (1), a composite interface layer, a collector backplate (5), and a side seal (7). The perovskite battery layer (1), the composite interface layer and the collector back plate (5) are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to back-light direction; the back-light side of the perovskite battery layer (1) is attached to the light-receiving side of the composite interface layer, and the back-light side of the composite interface layer is attached to the light-receiving side of the collector back plate (5). The composite interface layer includes a first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2), a barrier coating (3), and a second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4). The first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2), the barrier coating (3), and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4) are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to backlight direction; the backlight side of the perovskite battery layer (1) is bonded to the light-receiving side of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2), the backlight side of the second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4) is bonded to the light-receiving side of the collector back plate (5), and the barrier coating (3) is sandwiched between the first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2) and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4); The back plate (5) of the solar collector is provided with multiple flow channels, and the solar collector medium (6) flows through the flow channels. The side seal (7) is arranged along the periphery of the perovskite cell layer (1) to the back plate (5) of the collector. The side seal (7) is an independent side sealing structure, and its inner lower edge overlaps and is bonded to the edge of the barrier coating (3). The barrier coating (3) constitutes the bottom protection structure of the component. The side sealing structure and the bottom protection structure are independent of each other and overlap and connect to form a continuous sealing protection system. The heat collection medium (6) includes sensible heat medium and latent heat medium; When the heat collection medium (6) is a sensible heat medium, the outer side of the heat collector back plate (5) is covered with a heat insulation back plate (15). When the heat collection medium (6) is a latent heat medium, the back plate (5) of the heat collector is coupled to the direct expansion heat pump system as an evaporator; The direct expansion heat pump system includes a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator; The back plate (5) of the solar collector constitutes the evaporator. The evaporator outlet is connected to the compressor inlet, the compressor outlet is connected to the condenser inlet, and the condenser outlet is connected to the evaporator inlet via a throttling device, forming a closed loop of working fluid.

2. The photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite cell layer (1) is any one of a single-junction perovskite cell, a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem cell, or a perovskite-perovskite tandem cell.

3. The photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell layer (1) includes a first adhesive layer (9), a top electrode (10), a first charge transport layer (11), a perovskite absorption layer (12), a second charge transport layer (13), and a back electrode (14). The first adhesive layer (9), top electrode (10), first charge transport layer (11), perovskite absorption layer (12), second charge transport layer (13), and back electrode (14) are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to back-light direction; The backlight side of the first adhesive layer (9) is attached to the light-receiving side of the top electrode (10), the backlight side of the top electrode (10) is attached to the light-receiving side of the first charge transport layer (11), the backlight side of the first charge transport layer (11) is attached to the light-receiving side of the perovskite absorption layer (12), the backlight side of the perovskite absorption layer (12) is attached to the light-receiving side of the second charge transport layer (13), and the backlight side of the second charge transport layer (13) is attached to the light-receiving side of the back electrode (14). A surface film (8) is provided on the light-receiving side of the first adhesive layer (9), and the edge of the surface film (8) overlaps and is bonded to the inner upper edge of the side seal (7).

4. The photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the perovskite cell layer (1) is a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem cell, the perovskite cell layer (1) further includes a composite tunneling layer (16) and a crystalline silicon absorption layer (17). The composite tunneling layer (16) and the crystalline silicon absorption layer (17) are stacked sequentially along the light-receiving to backlighting direction; The backlight side of the perovskite absorption layer (12) is attached to the light-receiving side of the composite tunneling layer (16), the backlight side of the composite tunneling layer (16) is attached to the light-receiving side of the crystalline silicon absorption layer (17), and the backlight side of the crystalline silicon absorption layer (17) is attached to the light-receiving side of the second charge transport layer (13).

5. The photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side seal (7) is made of a low water vapor permeability polymer water-blocking material, and the material is selected from polyisobutylene butyl rubber, polyolefin elastomer, and thermoplastic polyurethane. The sensible heat working fluid is selected from pure water and water-ethylene glycol mixed solution, and the latent heat working fluid is an environmentally friendly refrigerant. The thermal insulation back panel (15) is made of a low thermal conductivity insulation material, which is selected from polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene board, silica aerogel felt, and vacuum insulation board.

6. The photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2) and the second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4) are both high thermal conductivity interface adhesive layers, and the material is EVA or POE; the barrier coating (3) is made of parylene.

7. A method for fabricating a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. A first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2) is bonded to the backlight side of the perovskite solar cell layer (1) to obtain a prefabricated substrate; S2. Fully cover and shield the light-receiving surface and sidewalls of the prefabricated substrate, exposing only the back surface of the first thermally conductive adhesive layer (2); S3. A 1-10 μm barrier coating was prepared by Perelin vacuum CVD process under vacuum and room temperature conditions (3). The CVD process includes substrate cleaning and activation, drying, dimer sublimation, high-temperature pyrolysis and room temperature polymerization. The perovskite was not damaged throughout the process. S4. Apply the second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4) to the back side of the barrier coating (3), and then apply and fix the back side of the second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4) to the light-receiving side of the collector back plate (5) with the flow channel and pre-filled heat collection medium. Apply and fix the light-receiving side of the collector back plate (5) with the reserved pressure-resistant interface. If the latent heat working medium is used to match the collector back plate (5), the refrigerant is not pre-filled after the collector back plate (5) is formed. After the components are assembled and connected to the heat pump system, vacuuming, leak detection and refrigerant charging are carried out in a unified manner. S5. Along the periphery of the perovskite cell layer (1) to the back plate (5) of the collector, fill the gap with water-blocking sealing material to form a side seal (7), so that the lower inner edge of the side seal (7) overlaps and adheres to the edge of the barrier coating (3), thus completing the component preparation.

8. The method for preparing a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 7, characterized in that: The CVD in step S3 is divided into three steps: high-temperature pyrolysis of dimers, gas-phase transport of monomers, and room-temperature polymerization, with no high temperature in the matrix throughout the process.

9. The method for preparing a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the second thermally conductive adhesive layer (4) and the collector back plate (5) are fixed in a vacuum-pressed manner to achieve seamless contact.

10. The method for preparing a photovoltaic-thermal integrated module based on perovskite solar cells according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the side seal (7) is filled and then cured at room temperature. The width and thickness of the cured side seal are both in the millimeter range.

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