Planting device for fruit and vegetable plants and method for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants

Abstract

Provided is a method for cultivating a fruit and vegetable plant that is capable of harvesting fruits with a higher sugar content than before. A fruit and vegetable plant cultivation device and use thereof, wherein the fruit and vegetable plant cultivation device comprises: a light source that irradiates artificial light; a hydroponic cultivation mechanism for the fruit and vegetable plant; a decomposition liquid generation unit that decomposes residues of the fruit and vegetable plant to obtain a decomposition liquid; and a decomposition liquid supply unit that supplies the decomposition liquid to the hydroponic cultivation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a cultivation device and a cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, environmental problems such as global warming have prompted calls for a shift towards a circular society that considers the environment. A circular society aims to reduce waste by reusing / regenerating previously discarded items and to achieve sustainable production through resource recycling.

[0003] For example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2022-42960 discloses a method for manufacturing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation using organic matter. The method is characterized by generating inorganic fertilizer components by combining the first and second steps described below. The first step involves placing organic matter in a highly breathable bag or container, such as a mesh bag, to make the low-moisture organic matter hydrated and then inorganicating it through the action of microorganisms. The second step involves extracting inorganic components and minute organic matter from the first step in a container containing water, so that the conductivity of the water (nutrient solution) reaches a target value, and then aerating it to promote nitrification through the action of microorganisms and inorganicate the organic matter. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0005] Regarding the utilization of cultivation residues, methods for using them as fertilizers have been studied, as in Patent Document 1 mentioned above. However, to date, a large portion of the cultivation residues from harvested crops (e.g., inedible parts) remains unutilized and is discarded. The reason for this lack of utilization is believed to be that in the inorganic processing methods of cultivation residues, as in Patent Document 1, decomposition begins with the parts easily decomposed by microorganisms and dissolves, thus altering the composition of the resulting fertilizer. Since this alteration in fertilizer composition affects plant growth and makes it difficult to produce vegetables of stable quality, vegetable producers are hesitant to adopt it.

[0006] Furthermore, in artificial light-type plant factories, plant growth is controlled by precisely controlling the cultivation environment. Therefore, the nutrient solution composition must also be kept the same in each cultivation process.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for methods to generate fertilizers from cultivation residues with minimal changes in composition.

[0008] One embodiment of the present invention aims to solve the problem of providing a cultivation device and a cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants that effectively utilize cultivation residues.

[0009] means for solving technical problems

[0010] The present invention includes the following methods.

[0011] <1>

[0012] A cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants, comprising: Light source, illuminating artificial light; Hydroponic cultivation facilities for fruit and vegetable plants; The decomposition liquid generation unit decomposes fruit and vegetable residues to obtain a decomposition liquid; and The decomposition solution supply unit supplies the decomposition solution to the hydroponic cultivation facility.

[0013] <2>

[0014] According to the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants described in <1>, wherein, The decomposition solution contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur.

[0015] <3>

[0016] According to the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants described in <1> or <2>, wherein, The decomposition liquid generation unit obtains the decomposition liquid by setting the recovery rate of phosphorus and potassium in fruit and vegetable residues to be above 60%.

[0017] <4>

[0018] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein, The fruit and vegetable plant is the tomato.

[0019] <5>

[0020] A method for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants, comprising the following steps: Using artificial light for hydroponic cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants; The residues of fruits and vegetables are decomposed to obtain a decomposition liquid; and The decomposition solution is supplied to hydroponic cultivation facilities.

[0021] Invention Effects

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a cultivation device and a cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants that effectively utilize cultivation residues are provided. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 It is a chart showing the results of a decomposition experiment on cultivation residue.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following describes in detail the methods for implementing the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the constituent elements (including element steps, etc.) are not essential. The same applies to numerical values ​​and their ranges; the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0026] In this invention, the values ​​recorded before and after “~” are respectively included in the range of values ​​represented by “~” as the minimum and maximum values.

[0027] In the numerical ranges described in stages in this invention, the upper or lower limit value described in one numerical range can be replaced with the upper or lower limit value of other numerical ranges described in stages. Furthermore, in the numerical ranges described in this invention, the upper or lower limit value of the numerical range can also be replaced with the values ​​shown in the embodiments.

[0028] In this invention, the term "process" includes not only independent processes, but also processes that can be clearly distinguished from other processes, as long as the intended purpose of the process can be achieved.

[0029] In this invention, "fruit and vegetable plants" refers to plants whose fruits are harvested.

[0030] In this invention, "fruit and vegetable plant body" refers to a growing fruit and vegetable plant. "Fruit and vegetable plant seedling" refers to a fruit and vegetable plant body in its seedling stage.

[0031] In this invention, "culture solution" refers to a substance obtained by dissolving the nutrients (inorganic and organic substances) required for plant growth in water or the like.

[0032] [Cultivation equipment for fruit and vegetable plants]

[0033] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention comprises: a light source for irradiating artificial light; a hydroponic cultivation mechanism for fruit and vegetable plants; a decomposition liquid generation unit for decomposing the residue of fruit and vegetable plants to obtain decomposition liquid; and a decomposition liquid supply unit for supplying the decomposition liquid to the hydroponic cultivation mechanism.

[0034] In the cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants, fertilizers are typically used from a productivity perspective. For example, various fertilizers are applied in soil cultivation, but most of the fertilizers applied are not absorbed by the fruit and vegetable plants and instead flow out of the soil into rivers. Furthermore, in the past, cultivation residues such as the inedible parts of harvested fruit and vegetable plants (e.g., tomato leaves, stems, and roots; strawberry leaves, stems, and roots), despite containing components found in fertilizers, were still discarded.

[0035] In contrast, in the fruit and vegetable cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the waste of fertilizer components flowing into rivers can be reduced by using hydroponics. Furthermore, by supplying the decomposition liquid obtained from the decomposition of fruit and vegetable residues to the hydroponic cultivation unit, components in the fruit and vegetable residues that are identical to fertilizer components can be reused in the hydroponic cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants.

[0036] In particular, the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention is equipped with a light source for illuminating artificial light, thus ensuring stable growth of the fruit and vegetable plants. Therefore, the concentration of inorganic components in the residue of the fruit and vegetable plants varies little. Consequently, when using the residue decomposition solution in the hydroponic cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants, it is easy to adjust the inorganic components required for cultivation.

[0037] Thus, in the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention, the residue of previously discarded fruit and vegetable plants can be effectively utilized.

[0038] On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2022-42960 does not contain any information about the light source used to irradiate artificial light, which is insufficient from the perspective of suppressing changes in the concentration of inorganic components.

[0039] <Fruit and Vegetable Plants>

[0040] There are no particular limitations on fruit and vegetable plants. Examples include Solanaceae plants such as tomatoes, eggplants, and bell peppers; Cucurbitaceae plants such as melons, cucumbers, pumpkins, and zucchini; Leguminosae plants such as broad beans, peas, and fava beans; Rosaceae plants such as strawberries; Malvaceae plants such as okra; and Gramineae plants such as corn.

[0041] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention is suitable for plants of the Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae families. The fruit and vegetable plants cultivated using the cultivation device of this invention are preferably Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae plants, more preferably tomatoes or melons, and even more preferably tomatoes.

[0042] In addition, tomatoes include medium-sized tomatoes, cherry tomatoes (mini tomatoes), and fruit tomatoes. Furthermore, melons include netted melons (green-fleshed varieties, red-fleshed varieties, etc.) and non-netted melons.

[0043] Compared to leafy greens like lettuce and cabbage, tomatoes have a higher proportion of inedible parts. Previously, the inedible parts of tomatoes, such as leaves, stems, and roots, were discarded. By reusing these inedible parts and other residues, the amount of fertilizer newly added to the cultivation equipment can be significantly reduced.

[0044] The following is for reference. Figure 2 The structure of the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention will be described.

[0045] Figure 2This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the cultivation device 100 includes: a light source 11 for illuminating artificial light; a hydroponic cultivation mechanism, including a culture medium storage tank 21 and a culture medium tank 22; a decomposition liquid generator 31 for decomposing fruit and vegetable plant residues 30 to obtain decomposition liquid; and a decomposition liquid supply pipe 41 for supplying the decomposition liquid to the hydroponic cultivation mechanism. The cultivation device 100 also includes a decomposition liquid storage tank 34 for storing the decomposition liquid.

[0047] <Light Source>

[0048] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention is equipped with a light source for irradiating artificial light.

[0049] There are no particular limitations on the light source; examples include semiconductor light sources such as LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and discharge lamps such as fluorescent lamps. From the viewpoint of suppressing heat generated by the light source, LEDs are preferred.

[0050] There can be one type of LED or two or more types.

[0051] LEDs can be LEDs that emit visible light such as red, blue, and green, or LEDs that emit ultraviolet light (wavelength below 380nm) or infrared light (wavelength above 780nm).

[0052] From the perspective of promoting photosynthesis in fruit and vegetable plants, LEDs emitting light in the 400nm–700nm wavelength range are preferred. Furthermore, considering improving energy efficiency and space utilization efficiency, it is important to increase the fruit yield per plant; therefore, using both red and blue LEDs simultaneously is preferable. In particular, the selection of the light source wavelength during the seedling stage of fruit and vegetable cultivation helps to increase or decrease fruit yield; therefore, using both red and blue LEDs during the seedling stage is preferred. Thus, for example, compared to using white LEDs during the seedling stage, increased yield can be expected.

[0053] The placement of the light source is not particularly limited; for example, the light source can be placed on at least one of the top or side of the fruit or vegetable plant. Figure 2 As shown, from the viewpoint of space utilization efficiency, the light source 11 is preferably arranged on the side of the fruit and vegetable plant 10. For example, multiple light sources are arranged at equal intervals on both sides of the fruit and vegetable plant along a direction parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0054] <Hydroponic Cultivation Institution>

[0055] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention includes a hydroponic cultivation mechanism.

[0056] Hydroponic cultivation facilities are not particularly limited. For example, well-known hydroponic cultivation methods include deep flow hydroponics, film hydroponics, drip irrigation hydroponics, spray hydroponics, and tidal hydroponics.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the hydroponic cultivation facility preferably includes a culture solution storage tank 21 and a culture solution tank 22.

[0058] Culture medium storage tank 21 stores culture medium used to supply culture medium to culture medium tank 22.

[0059] Furthermore, by connecting the culture medium storage tank 21 and the culture medium tank 22 with the culture medium supply pipe 23, the culture medium contained in the culture medium storage tank 21 can be sent to the culture medium tank 22.

[0060] The culture solution tank 22 contains a culture solution for soaking the roots of fruit and vegetable plants. The culture solution contained therein is drawn up from the roots to the fruit and vegetable plants.

[0061] There are no particular limitations on the components contained in the culture medium, but from the viewpoint of promoting the growth of fruit and vegetable plants, it is preferred to include at least one of the following: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfur.

[0062] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants of the present invention includes a decomposition liquid generating unit, described later. Therefore, the culture medium is a decomposition liquid obtained by the decomposition liquid generating unit or a liquid after adjusting the composition of the decomposition liquid. Furthermore, a commonly known culture medium can be used before the decomposition of fruit and vegetable plant residues by the decomposition liquid generating unit.

[0063] <Decomposition Liquid Generation Unit>

[0064] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention includes a decomposition liquid generation unit for decomposing fruit and vegetable plant residues to obtain decomposition liquid.

[0065] The decomposition liquid generation unit is preferably a so-called "elimination-type" processor. An elimination-type processor refers to a processor that uses microorganisms to decompose fruit and vegetable residues to obtain a decomposition liquid.

[0066] Figure 2 The decomposition liquid generator 31 shown has a feed inlet (not shown) for feeding fruit and vegetable residues 30, microorganisms, etc. Furthermore, the decomposition liquid generator 31 has a mixer 32 for stirring the fruit and vegetable residues 30 to ensure uniform decomposition of the residues 30.

[0067] The decomposition of fruit and vegetable plant residues using microorganisms is carried out, for example, through the following methods.

[0068] The residue and bacterial bed are added to the decomposition liquid generator 31, and the mixer 32 is rotated to agitate them. Agitation can be continuous or intermittent. Water is also supplied to the decomposition liquid generator 31 during agitation. The amount of water supplied is adjusted according to the concentration of liquid fertilizer required for cultivation.

[0069] The types of microorganisms are not particularly limited; for example, Bacillus subtilis, a soil bacterium, can be cited.

[0070] Inside the decomposition liquid generator 31, there is a mesh plate for capturing solid substances so that only the decomposition liquid flows to the decomposition liquid storage tank 34.

[0071] The decomposition liquid storage tank 34 is a tank for temporarily storing the decomposition liquid generated by the decomposition liquid generator 31. The decomposition liquid generated by the decomposition liquid generator 31 is sent to the decomposition liquid storage tank 34 via the decomposition liquid supply pipe 33.

[0072] The obtained decomposition solution preferably contains at least one of the following: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfur.

[0073] By supplying a decomposition solution containing these elements to hydroponic cultivation facilities, the growth of fruit and vegetable plants is promoted.

[0074] Furthermore, the proportions of the components in the decomposition solution obtained from the decomposition solution generation unit are close to those in the aforementioned culture solution. While the proportions of the components in the culture solution are important for the growth of fruit and vegetable plants, adjusting the composition when supplying the decomposition solution to a hydroponic cultivation facility is relatively easy.

[0075] In the decomposition liquid generation unit, the recovery rates of phosphorus and potassium in fruit and vegetable plant residues are preferably above 60%.

[0076] By achieving a recovery rate of over 60% for phosphorus and potassium, which are particularly needed for the growth of fruit and vegetable plants, the previously discarded residues have high utilization value.

[0077] The recovery rate mentioned above is calculated based on the phosphorus and potassium content contained in the residue of fruit and vegetable plants and the phosphorus and potassium content contained in the decomposition liquid.

[0078] The contents of phosphorus and potassium can be determined using ion chromatography.

[0079] <Decomposition Fluid Supply Unit>

[0080] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention includes a decomposition liquid supply unit for supplying decomposition liquid to the hydroponic cultivation mechanism.

[0081] The decomposition solution supply unit is not particularly limited as long as it is a device capable of supplying the decomposition solution obtained from the decomposition solution generation unit to the hydroponic cultivation unit. Examples of decomposition solution supply units include flow pipes (e.g., equipped with pumps) that connect the decomposition solution generation unit and the hydroponic cultivation unit and allow the decomposition solution to flow.

[0082] exist Figure 2 In the cultivation device 100 shown, the decomposition liquid stored in the decomposition liquid storage tank 34 is transported to the culture medium storage tank 21 via the decomposition liquid supply pipe 41.

[0083] In order to enable the liquid to be transported from the decomposition solution storage tank 34 to the culture medium storage tank 21 at the desired time, a valve V1 is provided on the decomposition solution supply pipe 41.

[0084] In the decomposition solution storage tank 34, the components contained in the decomposition solution can be analyzed in advance, and after adding a certain component to the decomposition solution to match the components of the culture medium, the liquid with adjusted composition is supplied to the culture medium storage tank 21.

[0085] As an additional component, nitrogen can be cited as an example.

[0086] Furthermore, water can be added to keep the conductivity of the culture medium within an appropriate range.

[0087] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention preferably also includes mechanisms for controlling temperature and humidity, light intensity of the light source, light-dark cycle, carbon dioxide concentration, etc.

[0088] Cultivation methods for fruit and vegetable plants

[0089] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention includes: a step of irradiating artificial light and carrying out hydroponic cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants; a step of decomposing fruit and vegetable plant residues to obtain decomposition liquid; and a step of supplying the decomposition liquid to the hydroponic cultivation facility.

[0090] <Cultivation Process>

[0091] Artificial light is used during the cultivation process.

[0092] Temperature conditions can be adjusted by an air conditioner installed within the hydroponic cultivation facility for growing fruits and vegetables. For example, the temperature can be adjusted in conjunction with light conditions to provide two or more temperature options, such as daylight temperature and dark period temperature.

[0093] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the upper limit of the temperature for the next planting season is preferably below 29°C, more preferably below 28.5°C, and even more preferably below 28°C.

[0094] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the lower limit of the temperature for the next planting season is preferably above 15℃, more preferably above 20℃, and even more preferably above 25℃.

[0095] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the upper limit of the dark period temperature is preferably below 25°C, more preferably below 23°C, and even more preferably below 22°C.

[0096] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the lower limit of the dark period temperature is preferably above 10℃, more preferably above 13℃, and even more preferably above 15℃.

[0097] The light and dark temperatures were measured by placing a thermometer 1 cm away from the fruit and vegetable plant. For example, the THA-3151 temperature and humidity sensor manufactured by T&D Corporation can be used as the thermometer.

[0098] Furthermore, in this invention, "light period" refers to the period during which the fruit and vegetable plant is irradiated by a light source. Also, in this invention, "dark period" refers to the period during which the fruit and vegetable plant is not irradiated by a light source.

[0099] There are no particular limitations on the methods for controlling the light and dark periods of temperature, and they can be carried out using methods that are already known. For example, the light and dark periods of temperature can be controlled by monitoring the light and dark periods of the seedling environment using the aforementioned thermometers, and by supplying warm or cold air as needed.

[0100] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the ratio of the light period time to the dark period time (light period time / dark period time) is preferably 0.5 to 5, more preferably 1 to 4, and even more preferably 2 to 3.

[0101] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the relative humidity in the cultivation process is preferably controlled at 50% to 80%, and more preferably at 55% to 77%.

[0102] Relative humidity is measured by placing a hygrometer 1 cm away from the fruit and vegetable plant. For example, the THA-3151 temperature and humidity sensor manufactured by T&D Corporation can be used as the hygrometer.

[0103] There are no particular limitations on the method of humidity control; it can be carried out using methods that are already known. For example, humidity conditions can be controlled by monitoring the humidity of the cultivation environment using the aforementioned hygrometer, and by using an air conditioning unit with humidification and dehumidification functions as needed.

[0104] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and sugar content, the optimal light intensity for artificial light irradiating fruit and vegetable plants during cultivation is 200 μmol / m².2 / s~800μmol / m 2 / s, more preferably 250 μmol / m 2 / s~600μmol / m 2 / s.

[0105] Light intensity is measured by positioning the measuring device with its light-receiving surface facing the light source at a distance of 1 cm from the fruit or vegetable plant. For example, a quantum light sensor (LI-COR, LI-190R) can be used as the measuring device. Furthermore, when the light source is positioned in two or more directions on the fruit or vegetable plant, the sum of the light intensities measured with the measuring device facing each light source is defined as the aforementioned light intensity.

[0106] Light intensity can be controlled by changing the type and number of light sources (LEDs, fluorescent lamps, etc.), changing the distance between the light source and the fruit and vegetable plants, and using dimmable light sources.

[0107] Regarding artificial light irradiation, it can be applied from the top of the fruit and vegetable plant or from the side. However, from the perspective of cultivation efficiency and space utilization efficiency, the side application is preferred.

[0108] Furthermore, artificial light can also be applied from the side and above.

[0109] From the perspective of increasing the yield, the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment during the cultivation process is preferably 300 ppm to 2000 ppm, more preferably 400 ppm to 1500 ppm.

[0110] Carbon dioxide concentration was measured by placing a carbon dioxide concentration meter 1 cm away from the fruit and vegetable plant. For example, the LI-850 manufactured by LI-COR could be used as the carbon dioxide concentration meter.

[0111] There are no particular limitations on the method for controlling carbon dioxide concentration; it can be done using methods that are already known. For example, the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment can be monitored using the aforementioned carbon dioxide concentration meter, and air conditioning devices can be used as needed.

[0112] <Seedling Process>

[0113] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants of the present invention can include a seedling raising process. In the seedling raising process, the germinated fruit and vegetable plant is cultivated into a fruit and vegetable plant seedling.

[0114] From the perspective of cultivation efficiency, hydroponics is the preferred method for raising seedlings of fruit and vegetable plants, and deep-flow hydroponics is even more preferred.

[0115] From the perspective of cultivation efficiency, it is preferable to use a culture solution with a nitrogen concentration of more than 10 ppm by mass in the seedling raising process.

[0116] In the seedling stage, artificial light can be used to switch between light and dark periods for germinating fruit and vegetable plants, with temperature conditions preferably adjusted during the light and dark periods. For example, it is possible to adjust to two or more temperature conditions, such as light-period temperature and dark-period temperature.

[0117] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the upper limit of the next period temperature is preferably 29°C or less, more preferably 28.5°C or less, and even more preferably 28°C or less.

[0118] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the lower limit of the temperature during the next period is preferably 15°C or higher, more preferably 20°C or higher, and even more preferably 25°C or higher.

[0119] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the upper limit of the dark period temperature is preferably 25°C or less, more preferably 23°C or less, and even more preferably 22°C or less.

[0120] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the lower limit of the dark period temperature is preferably 10°C or higher, more preferably 13°C or higher, and even more preferably 15°C or higher.

[0121] In addition, the light source, wavelength, etc. of artificial light can be the same as those recorded in the cultivation process.

[0122] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the ratio of the light period time to the dark period time (light period time / dark period time) is preferably 0.3 to 3, more preferably 0.5 to 2.

[0123] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the relative humidity in the seedling raising process is preferably controlled at 50% to 80%, and more preferably at 55% to 77%.

[0124] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the optimal light intensity for irradiating fruit and vegetable plants after germination during the seedling stage is 200 μmol / m². 2 / s~800μmol / m 2 / s, more preferably 250 μmol / m 2 / s~600μmol / m 2 / s.

[0125] Regarding artificial light irradiation, it can be applied from the top of the fruit and vegetable plant after germination or from the side. However, from the perspective of cultivation efficiency and space utilization efficiency, it is preferable to apply it from the top.

[0126] Furthermore, artificial light can also be applied from the side and above.

[0127] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until harvest, the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment during the seedling raising process is preferably 300 ppm to 2000 ppm, more preferably 400 ppm to 1500 ppm.

[0128] There is no particular limitation on the duration of the seedling raising process, but from the viewpoint of growth after transplanting and shortening the period until bud break, it is preferred to be 5 to 40 days, more preferably 10 to 35 days, even more preferably 12 to 30 days, and especially preferably 15 to 30 days.

[0129] When seedlings are raised using hydroponics, there are no particular limitations on the support used to support the fruit and vegetable plants after germination. It is preferable to use a material that has both appropriate permeability and water retention, and more preferably polyurethane sponge, phenolic resin sponge, rock wool, or a support platform with water-retaining sheets.

[0130] <Germination Process>

[0131] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants of the present invention can include a germination process. The germination process involves treating the seeds of the fruit and vegetable plants used in the germination process to germinate.

[0132] There are no particular limitations on the germination method; it can be carried out using methods already known. For example, it can be done by sowing fruit and vegetable seeds onto a support that is thoroughly moistened with water and storing it in the dark. As for the support, the same support used in the seedling process can be cited.

[0133] Furthermore, seeds of fruit and vegetable plants with similar growth stages are selected from those that have been identified and germinated, and seedlings are raised in this way, which can ensure that the harvest time of the fruits is consistent and improve cultivation efficiency.

[0134] The germination temperature varies depending on the type and variety of fruit and vegetable plant used, but for commercially available seeds, this is usually publicly available. Furthermore, if the germination temperature is unclear, it can be confirmed experimentally. Also, depending on the type and variety of fruit and vegetable plant used, dormancy-breaking treatments may be necessary during germination. During germination, some seeds require specific wavelengths of light, some require darkness, and some germinate under either condition. This information can also be obtained in the same way as the germination temperature.

[0135] The relative humidity during the germination process is preferably set to 70%–100%, and more preferably 80%–95%. By setting it within this range, the drying out of the plant body during the germination period can be prevented, thus promoting good growth.

[0136] The period required for germination is not fixed, but it is preferably the period from root formation to the start of hypocotyl elongation, which is mostly about a few days to a week. By using this period for germination, the roots can grow fully and the hypocotyl can be prevented from elongating excessively. The seedlings then grow well during the seedling stage, and the period until flowering can be shortened, so it is preferred.

[0137] <Decomposition Process>

[0138] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention includes a step of decomposing the residue of fruit and vegetable plants to obtain a decomposition liquid. For example, a method using the aforementioned decomposition liquid generation unit can be cited as a method for decomposing the residue of fruit and vegetable plants to obtain a decomposition liquid.

[0139] The details of the decomposition solution are as described above.

[0140] <Decomposition Solution Supply Process>

[0141] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention includes the step of supplying the decomposition solution to a hydroponic cultivation facility.

[0142] By supplying the decomposition solution to hydroponic cultivation facilities, the residues of fruit and vegetable plants are effectively utilized.

[0143] Example

[0144] The above embodiments will be described in more detail below through examples, but the above embodiments are not limited to these examples.

[0145] <Example 1>

[0146] Tomato seeds (variety: Momotaro Yoke (registered trademark)) were sown onto 5cm square polyurethane sponges (made by Kyowa Co.,LTD., yellow culture medium for fruit and vegetables) that were fully filled with pure water, and stored in the dark at a temperature of 28°C and a relative humidity of 70% for 3 days.

[0147] After confirming that the tomato seeds had rooted, seedlings were cultivated using deep flow hydroponics for 17 days. The liquid fertilizer used was Home Hyponica manufactured by Kyowa Co., Ltd., diluted 500 times with pure water.

[0148] In addition, SHOWA DENKO KK LEDs (CIVILIGHT, DPT2RB120Q33) were used as the light source during seedling cultivation to achieve a light intensity of 250 μmol / m² on the polyurethane foam. 2 Irradiation was carried out at a rate of / s. Other environmental conditions for seedling cultivation were set as follows.

[0149] -Seedling Environment Conditions-

[0150] • Light-dark cycle: 16 hours (light period) / 8 hours (dark period)

[0151] • Temperature: 27℃ (light period) / 19℃ (dark period)

[0152] Relative humidity: 70%

[0153] • Carbon dioxide concentration: 1,000 ppm

[0154] • Plant spacing: 15cm

[0155] Ten tomato seedlings obtained through the above-described seedling cultivation were grown under the cultivation conditions shown below. During the growth period, single-stem pruning (removing lateral buds and leaves, etc.) and trellising were carried out according to conventional methods. After three inflorescences (first to third inflorescences) grew on the main stem, the plant was further confirmed to have three true leaves on the upper side of the third inflorescence after they unfolded. The plant was then pinched back while retaining these true leaves.

[0156] The cultivation ends when all the tomato fruits produced up to the third inflorescence mentioned above are harvested.

[0157] In addition, when the number of flower buds exceeds 6, bud removal begins from the 7th bud. And when the number of fruits exceeds 4, fruit removal begins from the 5th fruit.

[0158] -Conditions for Childbirth Procedures-

[0159] • Support structure: Polyurethane foam directly used in the seedling cultivation process

[0160] • Light-dark cycle: 16 hours (light period) / 8 hours (dark period)

[0161] • Temperature: 27℃ (light period) / 19℃ (dark period)

[0162] Humidity: 70%

[0163] • Nutrient solution: Dilute "Hyponica Liquid Fertilizer" manufactured by Kyowa Co., Ltd. with pure water to a ratio of 500 before use.

[0164] • Carbon dioxide concentration: 1,000 ppm

[0165] • Illumination conditions: Illuminate from two sides, with a light intensity set at 250 μmol / m². 2 / s×2 directions.

[0166] —Pre-treatment process for decomposition—

[0167] After completing the above-mentioned growth process and harvesting all the fruits, the cultivation residue is separated into leaves, stems, and roots. The stems are then finely cut to a length of no more than 5 cm.

[0168] —Residue Decomposition Process—

[0169] While stirring, water was supplied at a rate of 3 mL / min per 1 kg of cultivation residue, and the residue was decomposed by microorganisms. Water was continuously drained from the device, and all the drained water was recycled as decomposition liquid. The decomposition process lasted 4 days, during which approximately 20 L of decomposition liquid was recovered from each 1 kg of cultivation residue.

[0170] —Nutrient liquefaction process—

[0171] To ensure the decomposition solution stored in the storage tank could be used as a nutrient solution for plant cultivation in a hydroponic system, sterilization was performed. The sterilization process involved filtration through a 0.45 μm filter followed by filtration through a 0.2 μm filter. Furthermore, after the decomposition solution evaluation process described below, nitrogen and trace elements were added to supplement any deficient elements in plant cultivation based on the evaluation results. The decomposition solution was then diluted with water to achieve a suitable electrical conductivity (EC) of 1 mS / cm before being supplied to the hydroponic system.

[0172] —Decomposition Solution Evaluation Process—

[0173] Partial samples of the cultivation residue before decomposition were taken, and the content of inorganic elements was determined by fluorescence X-ray analysis and combustion method.

[0174] Furthermore, the decomposition solution was sampled, and the concentrations of representative ions required for plant cultivation were determined using ion chromatography. Based on the measured ion concentrations and the volume of the decomposition solution, the amount of elements that could be recovered was calculated.

[0175] Furthermore, the recovery rate of each inorganic element was calculated based on the elemental amounts before and after decomposition. The results are presented below. Figure 1 middle.

[0176] —Reproducibility Assessment—

[0177] In addition to using the obtained decomposition solution, a second cultivation was carried out under the same conditions as described above. Then, a pre-decomposition treatment process, a residue decomposition process, a nutrient liquefaction process, and a decomposition solution evaluation process were performed. Furthermore, in addition to using the obtained decomposition solution, a third cultivation was carried out under the same conditions as described above, along with the pre-decomposition treatment process, the residue decomposition process, and the decomposition solution evaluation process.

[0178] The results of evaluating the ion concentration of the decomposition solution generated after three cultivation cycles (the first cycle using commercially available liquid fertilizer, and the second and third cycles using decomposition solution) using ion chromatography are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the unit of ion concentration is ppm.

[0179] [Table 1]

[0180] As shown in Table 1, the composition ratio of the decomposition liquid generated after three cultivation cycles remained almost unchanged, and the amount of topdressing required in the nutrient liquefaction process was the same in all three liquids. This indicates that because the composition ratio of the decomposition liquid is stable, it is unnecessary to evaluate the ion concentration each time; only the prescribed amount of topdressing is needed.

[0181] Furthermore, the entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-042746, filed on March 18, 2024, is incorporated herein by reference. Moreover, all documents, patent applications, and technical standards described in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as those specifically and separately described and incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants, comprising: Light source, illuminating artificial light; Hydroponic cultivation facilities for fruit and vegetable plants; The decomposition liquid generation unit decomposes the residue of the fruit and vegetable plants to obtain decomposition liquid; and The decomposition solution supply unit supplies the decomposition solution to the hydroponic cultivation unit.

2. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The decomposition solution contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur.

3. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The decomposition liquid generation unit obtains the decomposition liquid by setting the recovery rate of phosphorus and potassium in the residue of the fruit and vegetable plants to be 60% or more.

4. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The fruit and vegetable plant in question is the tomato.

5. A method for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants, comprising the following steps: Using artificial light for hydroponic cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants; The residues of fruits and vegetables are decomposed to obtain a decomposition liquid; and The decomposition solution is supplied to the hydroponic cultivation facility where the hydroponic cultivation is carried out.

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