Nozzle unit, combustor, and power generation device

Abstract

The nozzle unit of the present disclosure is a nozzle unit included in a combustor in which a plurality of groups of injection ports are formed on a surface on the combustion chamber side of the combustor, the group of injection ports including a first injection port that injects fuel gas and a second injection port that injects oxidizer gas, the plurality of groups of injection ports being arranged so that flames generated by combustion of the fuel gas injected from all of the groups of injection ports interfere with each other.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to nozzle units, burners, and power generation devices. Background Technology

[0002] Society expects electricity to be supplied according to demand. In gas turbine power generation units that generate electricity by rotating a turbine using combustion gases obtained from burning fuel gases, high-precision combustion control is desired in order to generate electricity according to demand.

[0003] As a burner capable of highly precise combustion control of fuel gases, there is, for example, the burner disclosed in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 1 discloses a gas turbine in which a portion of the gaseous fuel is injected in a direction intersecting with air, which serves as an oxidant, and another portion of the gaseous fuel is injected in a direction not intersecting with air. According to Patent Document 1, by intentionally creating regions where the gaseous fuel and air mix immediately after injection and regions where such mixing does not occur, a suitable combustion state can be achieved.

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2023 / 053605 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem the invention aims to solve

[0008] As a method for generating electricity with higher output, there are methods to increase the firepower of the burner. As a method to increase the firepower of the burner, there is a method to assemble multiple burners in the burner into a burner assembly.

[0009] In a burner with an assembly of burners, greater firepower can be achieved by overlapping the flames produced by multiple burners within the combustion chamber. However, in cases where there are areas where the flames from multiple burners overlap and areas where they do not, the combustion state can sometimes be uneven due to differences in the regions within the combustion chamber. For example, in a multi-burner configuration, the flame produced by a burner located at the end is less likely to overlap with the flames from other burners; therefore, its flame state can be considered different from the areas where the flames overlap.

[0010] Thus, when the combustion state varies depending on the region within the combustion chamber, the temperature distribution within the combustion chamber will become uneven, and the combustion efficiency may sometimes decrease.

[0011] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a nozzle unit and a burner that can homogenize the combustion state and improve the combustion efficiency in a burner with multiple burners, as well as a power generation device including the burner.

[0012] Solution to the problem

[0013] One aspect of the present disclosure is a nozzle unit included in a burner, wherein a plurality of nozzle outlet groups are formed on the surface of the burner on the combustion chamber side, the nozzle outlet groups including a first nozzle outlet for ejecting fuel gas and a second nozzle outlet for ejecting oxidant gas, the plurality of nozzle outlet groups being arranged at positions such that the flames generated by the combustion of the fuel gas ejected from all nozzle outlet groups interfere with each other.

[0014] One aspect of the present disclosure is a burner comprising the aforementioned nozzle unit, combustion chamber, fuel supply mechanism for supplying the fuel gas to the first nozzle outlet, and oxidant supply mechanism for supplying the oxidant gas to the second nozzle outlet.

[0015] One aspect of the power generation apparatus disclosed herein includes the aforementioned burner, a turbine that rotates by combustion gases generated from the combustion of the fuel gas in the combustion chamber, and a generator that generates electricity using the rotational force of the turbine.

[0016] Invention Effects

[0017] According to this disclosure, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of flameout and backfire, and improve the control ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a power generation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a burner.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a diagram used to illustrate an assembly of nozzles.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the structure of the nozzle unit.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing the shape of the flame produced by the combustion of gas ejected from a group of nozzles.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating a first configuration example of multiple nozzle outlet groups on the surface of a nozzle unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing a state in which all nozzle groups generate flames in a first configuration example with multiple nozzle groups.

[0025] Figure 8This is a diagram illustrating a second configuration example of multiple nozzle outlet groups on the surface of a nozzle unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing a state in a second configuration example where all nozzle groups produce flames. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, sometimes unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted, such as detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of substantially the same structures.

[0028] <Power Generation Unit 100>

[0029] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a power generation device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The power generation device 100 includes a burner 10, a turbine 20, and a generator 30. It should be noted that... Figure 1 In the diagram, the burner 10, turbine 20 and generator 30 are shown as independent structures, but in reality these structural elements can also be integrated to form the power generation device 100.

[0030] Fuel gas and oxidizer gas are supplied to burner 10. Burner 10 mixes and combusts the fuel gas and oxidizer gas, supplying combustion gas to turbine 20.

[0031] The turbine 20 uses the combustion gas to rotate and supplies rotational power to the generator 30.

[0032] The generator 30 generates electricity using rotational power. The electricity generated by the generator 30 is supplied to the outside (e.g., a power transmission network or a device that uses electricity).

[0033] <Burner 10>

[0034] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of burner 10. Figure 2 In the example shown, the burner 10 includes a nozzle unit 11, a burner bushing 12, and a burner housing 13.

[0035] Nozzle unit 11 is a unit that sprays fuel gas and oxidant gas supplied to burner 10 into combustion chamber C formed by burner bushing 12. The fuel gas is, for example, hydrogen. The oxidant gas is, for example, oxygen. Alternatively, nozzle unit 11 can also spray cooling gas together with the fuel gas and oxidant gas into combustion chamber C. The cooling gas is, for example, water vapor. It should be noted that in the following description, the surface of the plate-shaped member (nozzle plate) constituting nozzle unit 11 on the combustion chamber C side is referred to as surface 11S.

[0036] It should be noted that the fuel gas is not limited to hydrogen; for example, it can also be natural gas or synthetic methane gas. Furthermore, the oxidant gas is not limited to oxygen; for example, it can also be air, but from the viewpoint of reducing NOx, oxygen is preferred. The cooling gas is not limited to water vapor; it can also be air.

[0037] The burner bushing 12 is the container that constitutes the combustion chamber C. Figure 2 In the example shown, the burner bushing 12 is cylindrical. The nozzle unit 11 is disposed on one side of the bottom portion of the burner bushing 12, and the other side of the bottom portion is connected to the turbine 20 (see reference). Figure 1 ).

[0038] The burner housing 13 is a container that houses the nozzle unit 11 and the burner bushing 12. Figure 2 In the example shown, the burner housing 13 is cylindrical.

[0039] Cooling gas (e.g., water vapor) to be supplied to the combustion chamber C of the burner bushing 12 is supplied to the bottom part of one side of the burner housing 13. The burner bushing 12 has a plurality of inlet holes 14 on its wall surface, through which the cooling gas supplied to the burner housing 13 flows into the interior of the combustion chamber C.

[0040] In the combustion chamber C, fuel gas and oxidizer gas ejected from nozzle unit 11 mix and are ignited, thus combustion occurs. By forcefully ejecting the fuel gas and oxidizer gas from nozzle unit 11, a flame is generated at a certain distance from nozzle unit 11. This prevents nozzle unit 11 from being burned by the flame. In addition, cooling gas is ejected from the surface of nozzle unit 11 on the combustion chamber C side to prevent nozzle unit 11 from burning. Furthermore, cooling gas flowing in from inlet hole 14 prevents the inner surface of burner bushing 12 from burning.

[0041] <Nozzle Unit 11>

[0042] The nozzle unit 11 will now be described. A plurality of nozzle outlet groups 40 are provided on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11. Each nozzle outlet group 40 includes a first nozzle outlet 41 for ejecting fuel gas and a second nozzle outlet 42 for ejecting oxidizer gas. The nozzle outlet group 40 is equivalent to a burner in a conventional burner.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a diagram used to illustrate a nozzle assembly 40. In Figure 3 The image shows an enlarged view of one of the multiple nozzle outlet groups 40 disposed on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11.

[0044] The nozzle assembly 40 consists of a first nozzle 41 and two second nozzles 42 arranged along the arrangement direction Da. The first nozzle 41 is located in the center of the two second nozzles 42.

[0045] The first nozzle 41 is the nozzle for ejecting fuel gas. The second nozzle 42 is the nozzle for ejecting oxidizer gas.

[0046] A specific configuration example of the plurality of nozzle outlet groups 40 on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11 will be described in detail later.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the structure of nozzle unit 11. (For example...) Figure 4 As shown, the nozzle unit 11 has a fuel gas storage section 51, an oxidant gas storage section 52, a fuel gas supply mechanism 53, and an oxidant gas supply mechanism 54.

[0048] The fuel gas storage unit 51 is a tank for storing fuel gas supplied from outside the burner 10 and is disposed inside the nozzle unit 11. The fuel gas supply mechanism 53 supplies the fuel gas stored in the fuel gas storage unit 51 to the first nozzle outlet 41 via a fuel gas flow path. It should be noted that this disclosure is not limited thereto; the fuel gas storage unit may also be disposed outside the nozzle unit. The shape of the fuel gas flow path may be a straight line or a curve.

[0049] The oxidant gas storage unit 52 is a tank for storing oxidant gas supplied from outside the burner 10 and is disposed inside the nozzle unit 11. The oxidant gas supply mechanism 54 supplies the oxidant gas stored in the oxidant gas storage unit 52 to the second nozzle outlet 42 via the oxidant gas flow path. It should be noted that this disclosure is not limited to this; the oxidant gas storage unit may also be disposed outside the nozzle unit. The shape of the oxidant gas flow path may be a straight line or a curve.

[0050] Preferably, the fuel gas storage section 51 for storing fuel gas and the oxidant gas storage section 52 for storing oxidant gas have different depths, i.e., different distances from the surface 11S. By adopting such a structure, even if the distance d1 between the nozzle groups 40 in the arrangement direction Da is reduced, the fuel gas storage section 51 and the oxidant gas storage section 52 can be arranged in a manner that prevents them from overlapping. This allows for miniaturization of the nozzle unit 11, and consequently, miniaturization of the burner 10.

[0051] To ensure that the flow rate and velocity of the fuel gas ejected from the two second nozzles 42 included in a nozzle assembly 40 are the same, it is preferable that the size and shape of the oxidant gas flow path connecting the oxidant gas storage section 52 and the two second nozzles 42 are the same, so as to ensure that the pressure loss is the same. In addition, when the flow paths are close to each other, the flow may sometimes interfere with each other. Therefore, for example, it is preferable to arrange the flow paths in a curved manner so that the flow paths are arranged at a certain distance from each other.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the shape of the flame F produced by the combustion of gas ejected from a nozzle assembly 40. Figure 5 The surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11 and the state of the flame F, as viewed from the combustion chamber C side, are shown. In this embodiment, as... Figure 5 As shown, the flame F produced by the combustion of fuel gas ejected from a nozzle group 40 extends in a direction Db perpendicular to the arrangement direction Da than in the arrangement direction Da. For example, this type of flame can be produced by adjusting at least one of the configuration positions of the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzle 42 in the nozzle group 40, the ejection velocity of the gas ejected from each nozzle, and the ejection direction.

[0053] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, in the following description, the flame produced by the combustion of fuel gas ejected from a certain nozzle group 40 is sometimes referred to as the flame produced by nozzle group 40.

[0054] Next, the configuration of the plurality of nozzle outlet groups 40 on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11 will be described.

[0055] <First Configuration Example>

[0056] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating a first configuration example of a plurality of nozzle outlet groups 40 on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11 of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 The state of surface 11S as viewed from the front is shown.

[0057] exist Figure 6 In the first configuration example shown, a plurality of nozzle groups 40 are arranged in a spiral pattern. More specifically, in a nozzle group 40, a first nozzle 41 that ejects fuel gas is positioned on the spiral curve Cs, and two second nozzles 42 are positioned symmetrically about the curve Cs. Thus, a nozzle group 40 is configured such that the arrangement direction of the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzles 42 is approximately perpendicular to the spiral curve Cs.

[0058] exist Figure 6In the diagram, the spiral curve Cs is shown as a shaded area, within which the first nozzle 41 is located. It should be noted that... Figure 6 The region corresponding to curve Cs is shown to illustrate the spiral shape and is not the actual shape formed on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11.

[0059] exist Figure 6 In the diagram, a nozzle assembly 40 is shown surrounded by an elliptical dashed line. It should be noted that the number of nozzle assemblies 40 disposed on the surface 11S of a nozzle unit 11 is not limited to... Figure 6 The examples shown can also be more or fewer.

[0060] The distance d4 between adjacent first nozzles 41 on curve Cs is set such that the flames generated by the combustion of fuel gases ejected from each first nozzle 41 interfere with each other. When the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11 has a circular shape with a diameter of 40 mm, the distance d4 is set, for example, to 3 mm, and preferably to a range of 2 mm or more and 15 mm or less. Furthermore, the distances between the nozzle groups 40 disposed on the surface 11S may not all be the same.

[0061] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in a first configuration example where all nozzle groups 40 generate flames. Figure 7 In the diagram, the flames F generated by multiple first nozzles 41 are schematically represented as solid elliptical lines.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, the flame F generated by a nozzle assembly 40 extends in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the nozzles in the nozzle assembly 40. Furthermore, as... Figure 6 As shown, in the first configuration example, the plurality of nozzle groups 40 are configured such that the arrangement direction of the included nozzles is approximately perpendicular to the spiral curve Cs. Thus, as... Figure 7 As shown, in the first configuration example, the flames generated by adjacent nozzle groups 40 interfere with each other, and furthermore, the flames F generated by each of all nozzle groups 40 interfere with each other. It should be noted that, in this specification, flame interference refers to the situation where each flame influences the other through heat or gas flow, thereby enhancing the flame, which is equivalent to the state in which parts of each flame are in contact with each other in appearance.

[0063] As described above, in the first configuration example of the nozzle outlet group 40 provided on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11, by causing the flames F generated by all nozzle outlet groups 40 to interfere with each other, the combustion state in the combustion chamber C of the burner 10 can be stabilized. This eliminates temperature unevenness in the combustion chamber C and improves combustion efficiency.

[0064] Furthermore, even if there are individual differences among the multiple nozzle groups 40, such as differences in the size of the flames produced by each nozzle group 40, these individual differences can be absorbed in the overall flame generated in the combustion chamber C by making the flames F produced by all nozzle groups 40 interfere with each other.

[0065] Furthermore, in the first configuration example, since the nozzle assembly 40 adopts a spiral arrangement, it is easy to increase the size of the nozzle unit 11 when it is desired. When the nozzle assemblies are arranged in a row, although flame interference occurs in the portion of the row except at both ends, flame interference does not occur at the ends of the row. If the size of the nozzle unit having a nozzle column formed by arranging the nozzle assemblies in a row is increased, for example, by arranging the nozzle columns side by side in a direction perpendicular to the column direction, thereby arranging the nozzle assemblies in a matrix form, more nozzle assemblies located at the ends will be generated, thus increasing the frequency of temperature unevenness and reducing combustion efficiency. When increasing the size of the first configuration example, by arranging new nozzle assemblies 40 along the extension of the spiral, it is possible to easily design a larger nozzle unit 11 without increasing the number of ends. Thus, a nozzle unit 11 that reduces temperature unevenness and improves combustion efficiency can be provided.

[0066] Furthermore, when it is necessary to change the distance between the nozzle assemblies 40, the nozzle unit 11 that changes the distance between the nozzle assemblies 40 can be easily designed by enlarging or shrinking the entire assembly of the helically arranged nozzle assemblies 40. By standardizing the design pattern of arranging multiple nozzle assemblies 40 in a helical shape, it is also easy to redesign the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11.

[0067] <Second Configuration Example>

[0068] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating a second configuration example of a plurality of nozzle outlet groups 40 on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11 of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 The state of surface 11S viewed from the front is shown.

[0069] like Figure 8 As shown, in the second configuration example, multiple nozzle groups 40 are configured to be located on different sides of multiple equilateral triangles. That is, the nozzle groups 40 are configured such that their arrangement direction is parallel to the sides of the equilateral triangles. It should be noted that the first nozzle 41 included in each nozzle group 40 is located at the midpoint of each side of the equilateral triangle.

[0070] It should be noted that, in Figure 8In the diagram, an equilateral triangle with multiple nozzle groups 40 arranged on each side is shown in dashed lines. However, these dashed lines are shown to illustrate the arrangement of the nozzle groups 40 and are not actually formed on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11.

[0071] The number of nozzle outlet groups 40 disposed on the surface 11S of a nozzle unit 11 is not limited to... Figure 8 The examples shown can also be more or fewer.

[0072] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in a second configuration example where all nozzle groups 40 generate flames. Figure 9 In the diagram, the flames F generated by multiple first nozzles 41 are schematically represented as solid elliptical lines.

[0073] like Figure 5 As shown, the flame F generated by a nozzle assembly 40 extends in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the nozzles in the nozzle assembly 40. Furthermore, as... Figure 8 As shown, in the second configuration example, the plurality of nozzle groups 40 are configured such that the arrangement direction of the included nozzles is parallel to the side of an equilateral triangle, and the first nozzle 41 is located at the midpoint of that side. Thus, as... Figure 9 As shown, in the second configuration example, the flames generated by adjacent nozzle groups 40 interfere with each other, and consequently, the flames F generated by all nozzle groups 40 interfere with each other.

[0074] As described above, in the second configuration example of the nozzle outlet group 40 provided on the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11, by causing the flames F generated by all nozzle outlet groups 40 to interfere with each other, the combustion state in the combustion chamber C of the burner 10 can be stabilized. This eliminates temperature unevenness in the combustion chamber C and improves combustion efficiency.

[0075] Furthermore, even if the multiple nozzle groups 40 have individual differences, such as differences in the size of the flames they produce, these individual differences can be absorbed in the overall flame generated in the combustion chamber C by making the flames F produced by all nozzle groups 40 interfere with each other.

[0076] Furthermore, for example, when it is necessary to increase the size of the nozzle unit 11, a new nozzle outlet group 40 can be arranged on the side of the equilateral triangle adjacent to the equilateral triangle corresponding to the already arranged nozzle outlet group 40. Thus, it is easy to design an enlarged nozzle unit 11 without increasing the number of ends where flame interference will occur. When it is necessary to change the distance between the nozzle outlet groups 40, the nozzle unit 11 with the changed distance between the nozzle outlet groups 40 can be easily designed by enlarging or reducing the size of the equilateral triangle on each side. By standardizing the design pattern of arranging multiple nozzle outlet groups 40 on the sides of the equilateral triangle, new designs for the surface 11S of the nozzle unit 11 also become easier.

[0077] The entire disclosure of the specification, drawings and abstract contained in Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-051820, filed on March 27, 2024, is incorporated herein by reference.

[0078] Industrial applicability

[0079] This disclosure is useful for nozzle units used in the burners of power generation devices for turbine power generation.

[0080] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0081] 100: Power generation device;

[0082] 10: Burner;

[0083] 11: Nozzle unit;

[0084] 11S: Surface;

[0085] 12: Burner bushing;

[0086] 13: Burner housing;

[0087] 14: Inlet hole;

[0088] 20: Turbine;

[0089] 30: Generator;

[0090] 40: Spray nozzle assembly;

[0091] 41: First jet outlet;

[0092] 42: Second jet outlet;

[0093] 51: Fuel gas storage section;

[0094] 52: Oxidizing gas storage section;

[0095] 53: Fuel gas supply organization;

[0096] 54: Oxidizing gas supply mechanism.

Claims

1. A nozzle unit included in a burner, A plurality of nozzle groups are formed on the surface of the combustion chamber side of the burner, the nozzle groups including a first nozzle for injecting fuel gas and a second nozzle for injecting oxidizer gas. The plurality of nozzle groups are configured such that the flames generated by the combustion of the fuel gas ejected from all nozzle groups interfere with each other.

2. The nozzle unit according to claim 1, wherein, In the nozzle assembly, two second nozzles are positioned at points symmetrical to each other with one of the first nozzles as the center.

3. The nozzle unit according to claim 2, wherein, When the surface is viewed from the front, the first nozzle of the plurality of nozzle groups is arranged on a spiral curve.

4. The nozzle unit according to claim 2, wherein, The plurality of nozzle groups are configured such that, when viewed from the front, the plurality of nozzle groups are located on different sides of one or more equilateral triangles.

5. The nozzle unit according to claim 4, wherein, The first nozzle is formed at the midpoint of the edge.

6. A burner comprising: The nozzle unit as described in claim 1; Combustion chamber; A fuel supply mechanism that supplies the fuel gas to the first nozzle; and An oxidant supply mechanism supplies the oxidant gas to the second nozzle.

7. A power generation device comprising: The burner as claimed in claim 6; A turbine that utilizes the rotation of combustion gases produced by burning the fuel gas in the combustion chamber; and A generator that generates electricity using the rotational force of the turbine.

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