Privacy component, display module and display device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of privacy components (20), display module and display device, privacy components (20) include sequentially stacked: first polaroid (POL1), first electrode layer (221), first alignment layer (241), liquid crystal layer (23), second alignment layer (242), second electrode layer (222) and second polaroid (POL2);Wherein, the angle between the alignment direction of first alignment layer (241) and the surface of first electrode layer (221) is less than or equal to 10 °, the angle between the alignment direction of second alignment layer (242) and the surface of second electrode layer (222) is between 80 °-90 °;Wherein, privacy components (20) have sharing mode and privacy mode, in sharing mode, first electrode layer (221) and second electrode layer (222) have first voltage difference;In privacy mode, first electrode layer (221) and second electrode layer (222) have second voltage difference, and first voltage difference is greater than second voltage difference.

Description

Privacy protection components, display modules and display devices Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of display technology, and specifically relates to a privacy protection component, a display module, and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] As display technology becomes increasingly prevalent, people enjoy sharing information with others, but also desire privacy in certain situations. For instance, some display products feature privacy and sharing modes. In privacy mode, only users at a narrow viewing angle can see the display; in sharing mode, users at a wide viewing angle can all see the display. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a privacy protection component, comprising: a first polarizer, a first electrode layer, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, a second electrode layer, and a second polarizer, which are stacked sequentially.

[0004] Wherein, the angle between the alignment direction of the first alignment layer and the surface of the first electrode layer is less than or equal to 10°, and the angle between the alignment direction of the second alignment layer and the surface of the second electrode layer is between 80° and 90°.

[0005] The privacy protection component has a sharing mode and a privacy protection mode. In the sharing mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the privacy protection mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the first voltage difference is greater than the second voltage difference.

[0006] In some embodiments, the privacy shield further includes an optical compensation layer located between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, the optical compensation layer including at least one negative C compensation film.

[0007] In some embodiments, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer is between 0.2 μm and 10 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer is between 400 nm and 20000 nm.

[0008] In some embodiments, the transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the extending direction of the light transmission axis of the first polarizer intersects the extending direction of the light transmission axis of the second polarizer, and the privacy shield further includes:

[0010] A polarization rotation layer is located between the first polarizer and the first electrode layer. The polarization rotation layer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer to a target direction, which is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the polarization rotation layer comprises a polymer liquid crystal layer, or the polarization rotation layer comprises at least one half-wave plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the liquid crystal layer comprises liquid crystal molecules and a polymer.

[0013] This disclosure also provides a privacy protection component, comprising: a first polarizer, a first electrode layer, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, a second electrode layer, and a second polarizer, which are stacked sequentially; the first alignment layer has a first alignment direction, and the second alignment layer has a second alignment direction;

[0014] Wherein, the first alignment direction is parallel to the second alignment direction, and the angle between the first alignment direction and the surface of the first electrode layer and the angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer are both less than or equal to 10°.

[0015] The privacy protection component has a sharing mode and a privacy protection mode. In the sharing mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the privacy protection mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the first voltage difference is less than the second voltage difference.

[0016] In some embodiments, the privacy shield further includes an optical compensation layer located between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, the optical compensation layer including at least one negative C compensation film.

[0017] In some embodiments, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer is between 0.2 μm and 5 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer is between 400 nm and 20000 nm.

[0018] In some embodiments, the transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer;

[0019] When there is no electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the extension direction of the orthogonal projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer onto the first polarizer is perpendicular to the extension direction of the light transmission axis of the first polarizer.

[0020] In some embodiments, the transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer;

[0021] When there is no electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the extension direction of the orthogonal projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer onto the first polarizer is parallel to the extension direction of the light transmission axis of the first polarizer.

[0022] In some embodiments, the transmission axis of the first polarizer intersects the transmission axis of the second polarizer, and the privacy shield further includes:

[0023] A polarization rotation layer is located between the first polarizer and the first electrode layer. The polarization rotation layer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer to a target direction, which is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0024] In some embodiments, the polarization rotation layer comprises a polymer liquid crystal layer, or the polarization rotation layer comprises at least one half-wave plate.

[0025] This disclosure also provides a privacy protection component, comprising: a first polarizer, a first electrode layer, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, a second electrode layer, and a second polarizer, which are stacked sequentially; the first alignment layer has a first alignment direction, and the second alignment layer has a second alignment direction;

[0026] Wherein, the angle between the first alignment direction and the surface of the first electrode layer and the angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer are both less than or equal to 10°, and the orthogonal projections of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule near the first alignment layer and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule near the second alignment layer onto the first electrode layer are perpendicular to each other.

[0027] The privacy protection component has a sharing mode and a privacy protection mode. In the sharing mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the privacy protection mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the first voltage difference is less than the second voltage difference.

[0028] In some embodiments, the privacy shield further includes an optical compensation layer located between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, the optical compensation layer including at least one positive C compensation film.

[0029] In some embodiments, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer is between 0.6 μm and 3.6 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer is between 20 nm and 500 nm.

[0030] In some embodiments, the transmission axis of the first polarizer is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0031] In some embodiments, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule near the first alignment layer is projected onto the first electrode layer at an angle of less than 90° with the light transmission axis of the first polarizer.

[0032] The privacy protection component further includes a polarization rotation layer located between the first polarizer and the first electrode layer. The polarization rotation layer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer to a target direction, the target direction being perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0033] In some embodiments, the polarization rotation layer comprises a polymer liquid crystal layer, or the polarization rotation layer comprises at least one half-wave plate.

[0034] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the first alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer, and the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the second alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0035] or,

[0036] The orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the first alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer, and the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the second alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0037] This disclosure also provides a display module, including a display panel and the aforementioned privacy shield, wherein the privacy shield is located on the light-emitting side of the display panel; the first polarizer, the first electrode layer, the first alignment layer, the liquid crystal layer, the second alignment layer, the second electrode layer and the second polarizer are arranged sequentially in a direction away from the display panel.

[0038] In some embodiments, the display panel includes:

[0039] Display substrate;

[0040] A circular polarizer is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display substrate. The circular polarizer includes a quarter-wave plate and a linear polarizer disposed sequentially along a direction away from the display substrate. The linear polarizer is reused as the first polarizer.

[0041] In some embodiments, the display panel includes:

[0042] The display substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixels and a spacing region surrounding each sub-pixel;

[0043] A grating layer is located between the display substrate and the first polarizer, and includes a plurality of light-shielding portions located in the spacing region; each sub-pixel has at least one light-shielding portion disposed on one side;

[0044] A planarization layer is located on the side of the grating layer away from the display substrate.

[0045] This disclosure also provides a display device, including: the display module described above;

[0046] The driving module is configured to determine a target display mode, and when the target display mode is determined to be a shared mode, control a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, so that the privacy component is in a shared mode; and when the target display mode is determined to be a privacy mode, control a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, so that the privacy component is in a privacy mode. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the privacy protection components provided in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure along the first direction.

[0049] Figure 1C is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure along the second direction.

[0050] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of the liquid crystal molecule arrangement in the liquid crystal layer shown in Figures 1B and 1C.

[0051] Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of two driving waveforms of the display module in shared mode in Embodiment 1.

[0052] Figure 1F is a schematic diagram of two driving waveforms of the display module in privacy mode in Embodiment 1.

[0053] Figure 1G is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of display module sharing in Embodiment 1.

[0054] Figure 1H is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of privacy protection implemented by the display module in Embodiment 1.

[0055] Figure 1I is another cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure along the second direction.

[0056] Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 2 of this disclosure along the first direction.

[0057] Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 2 of this disclosure along the second direction.

[0058] Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure along the first direction.

[0059] Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure along the second direction.

[0060] Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 4 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0061] Figure 4B shows the surface state of the alignment layer when the liquid crystal layer contains polymer and when it does not contain polymer.

[0062] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 5 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0063] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 6 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0064] Figure 7A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 7 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0065] Figure 7B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 7 of this disclosure along the second direction.

[0066] Figure 7C is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in Embodiment 7 of this disclosure.

[0067] Figure 7D is a schematic diagram of two driving waveforms of the display module in privacy mode in Embodiment 7.

[0068] Figure 7E is a schematic diagram of the display module sharing in Embodiment 7.

[0069] Figure 7F is a schematic diagram illustrating the privacy protection principle of the display module in Embodiment 7.

[0070] Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 8 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0071] Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 8 of this disclosure along the second direction.

[0072] Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 9 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0073] Figure 9B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 9 of this disclosure along the second direction.

[0074] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 10 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0075] Figure 11A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment Eleven of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0076] Figure 11B is a top view of the liquid crystal molecules arranged in a TN pattern in Example 11.

[0077] Figure 11C is a schematic diagram of two driving waveforms of the display module in privacy mode in Example 11.

[0078] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment Twelve of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0079] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 15 of this disclosure along a first direction.

[0080] Figure 14 is a partial planar schematic diagram of the display module provided in Embodiment Sixteen of this disclosure.

[0081] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A' in Figure 14.

[0082] Figure 16 is an overall schematic diagram of the display module provided in Embodiment Sixteen of this disclosure.

[0083] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the driving circuit layer and light-emitting device provided in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0084] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the overall frame of the display device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0085] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the driving process of the display device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0086] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, the disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0087] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this disclosure are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this disclosure are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” in this disclosure refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can indicate: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., used in this disclosure are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. "Above," "below," "left," "right," etc., are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described objects changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0088] With the increasing number of in-car displays, minimizing the interference of the central entertainment screen and passenger screen on the driver has become a major focus for ensuring driving safety. To address this issue, some in-vehicle display devices employ display panels with privacy and sharing functions. When the display panel is in privacy mode, the displayed image will not affect the driver.

[0089] In some display panels with privacy and sharing functions, the pixel aperture ratio is reduced; the number of data lines is large, and the wiring is difficult; the development cost of the driving circuit is increased; and the manufacturing process is complex, resulting in a lower yield. To at least solve one of the above technical problems, this disclosure provides a privacy component for placement on the light-emitting side of a display panel. The privacy component has a privacy state and a sharing state, thereby enabling a display module containing the privacy component and the display panel to have both a privacy state and a sharing state. Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of a privacy component provided in some embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 1A, the privacy component 20 includes, in sequence, a first polarizer POL1, a first electrode layer 221, a first alignment layer 241, a liquid crystal layer 23, a second electrode layer 222, a second alignment layer 242, and a second polarizer POL2. Both the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 are linear polarizers.

[0090] The first alignment layer 241 and the second alignment layer 242 are used to align the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 23. The first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 are used to apply voltage to adjust the electric field between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, thereby adjusting the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23.

[0091] In the initial state (the absence of an electric field), the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 can be arranged in any of the following ways: parallel, HAN (Hybrid Alignment Nematic), or TN (Twisted) arrangement. HAN arrangement means that the liquid crystal molecules near one alignment layer are almost parallel to the alignment layer, and the liquid crystal molecules near the other alignment layer are almost perpendicular to the alignment layer. "Almost parallel" means that the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the plane of the alignment layer is less than or equal to 10°, and "almost perpendicular" means that the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the plane of the alignment layer is between 80° and 90°.

[0092] In one example, the liquid crystal layer 23 adopts a HAN arrangement. Specifically, the alignment direction of the first alignment layer 241 is denoted as the first alignment direction, and the alignment direction of the second alignment layer 242 is denoted as the second alignment direction. The angle between the first alignment direction and the surface of the first electrode layer 221 (i.e., the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 231) is less than or equal to 10°, and the angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer 222 is between 80° and 90°. Thus, in the initial state, the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the second alignment layer 242 is approximately perpendicular to the second electrode layer 222, and the angle between the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 and the surface of the second electrode layer 222 is less than or equal to 10°, for example, approximately parallel. In one example, the angle between the alignment direction of the first alignment layer 241 and the first electrode layer 221 is 0.1° to 10°.

[0093] In the shared mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222; in the privacy mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222. When the liquid crystal layer 23 adopts a HAN arrangement, the first voltage difference is greater than the second voltage difference. By controlling the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled, thereby adjusting the polarization state of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 23, which can then be used in conjunction with the second polarizer POL2 to adjust the light output brightness of the privacy component 20. The specific states of the HAN-arranged liquid crystal layer 23 under different voltages will be explained below with specific examples, and will not be elaborated here.

[0094] In another example, the liquid crystal layers 23 are arranged in parallel. Specifically, the first alignment direction is parallel to the second alignment direction, and the angle between the first alignment direction and the surface of the first electrode layer 221 is 0.1 to 10°. This causes the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 to form a tilt angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. The angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer 222 is also 0.1 to 10°, causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the second alignment layer 242 to form an angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. For example, the angle between the first alignment direction and the surface of the first electrode layer 221, and the angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer 222, are both 3°.

[0095] In the shared mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222; in the privacy mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222. When the liquid crystal layer 23 is arranged in parallel, the first voltage difference is less than the second voltage difference. By controlling the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled, thereby adjusting the polarization state of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 23. This, in turn, can be used in conjunction with the second polarizer POL2 to adjust the light output brightness of the privacy component 20. The specific states of the parallel-arranged liquid crystal layer 23 under different voltages will be explained below with specific examples, and will not be elaborated here.

[0096] In another example, the liquid crystal layer 23 is arranged in a TN configuration. Specifically, the angle between the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer 241 and the surface of the first electrode layer 221 is 0.1 to 10°, thereby causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 to form a tilt angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. The angle between the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer 242 and the surface of the second electrode layer 222 is 0.1 to 10°, thereby causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the second alignment layer 242 to form a tilt angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. In addition, the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the first alignment layer 241 and the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the second alignment layer 242 are perpendicular to each other on the orthographic projection onto the first electrode layer 221.

[0097] In the shared mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222; in the privacy mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222. When the liquid crystal layer 23 is arranged in a TN configuration, the first voltage difference is less than the second voltage difference. By controlling the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled, thereby adjusting the polarization state of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 23. This, in turn, can be used in conjunction with the second polarizer POL2 to adjust the light output brightness of the privacy component 20. The specific states of the TN-arranged liquid crystal layer 23 under different voltages will be explained below with specific examples, and will not be elaborated here.

[0098] In this embodiment, by applying voltage to the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, the electric field between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23, and thus adjusting the deflection state of the light incident into the liquid crystal layer 23. In conjunction with the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2, the large-angle light emitted from the display panel can pass through the second polarizer POL2 or not pass through the second polarizer POL2, thereby realizing shared display or privacy display.

[0099] In this embodiment, the display module has a large pixel aperture ratio; and both the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 can be integral structures, with a simple power supply method and no need for complex wiring; in addition, when supplying power to the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, there is no need to design transistors or other control components, thus eliminating the need for complex manufacturing processes.

[0100] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1A, the privacy shield 20 further includes a first substrate SUB1 and a second substrate SUB2 disposed opposite to each other. A liquid crystal layer 23 is located between the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2. A first electrode layer 221 is located on the side of the first substrate SUB1 facing the liquid crystal layer 23, a first alignment layer 241 is located on the side of the first electrode layer 221 facing the liquid crystal layer 23, a second electrode layer 222 is located on the side of the second substrate SUB2 facing the liquid crystal layer 23, and a second alignment layer 242 is located on the side of the second electrode layer 222 facing the liquid crystal layer 23. A first polarizer POL1 is located on the side of the first substrate SUB1 away from the liquid crystal layer 23, and a second polarizer POL2 is located on the side of the second substrate SUB2 away from the liquid crystal layer 23.

[0101] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1A, the privacy shield 20 further includes an optical compensation layer 26 located between the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2. The optical compensation layer 26 can generate a certain phase delay for light, thereby compensating for the phase delay of the liquid crystal layer 23, so as to prevent the privacy shield 20 from being dark at certain large viewing angle positions in the shared state, or from being bright at certain large viewing angle positions in the privacy shield state.

[0102] The optical compensation layer 26 can be located between the first polarizer POL1 and the liquid crystal layer 23, for example, between the first polarizer POL1 and the first substrate SUB1; or it can be located between the second polarizer POL2 and the liquid crystal layer 23, for example, between the second polarizer POL2 and the second substrate SUB2.

[0103] This disclosure also provides a display module, including a display panel and a privacy shield 20. The privacy shield 20 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel to adjust the emitted light from the display panel, so that the display module as a whole can achieve a privacy shield state or a shared state. The first polarizer POL1, the first substrate SUB1, the first electrode 221, the first alignment layer 241, the liquid crystal layer 23, the second alignment layer 242, the second electrode layer 222, the second substrate SUB2, and the second polarizer POL2 are arranged sequentially in a direction away from the display panel.

[0104] The privacy protection components and display modules in this disclosure are described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0105] It should be noted that the display module in this embodiment can be used in a vehicle display device. In this case, the first direction can be the left and right direction when the vehicle display device is in use, and the second direction can be the height direction when the vehicle display device is in use. In the following embodiments, "left and right sides" refers to the position on the light-emitting side of the display device and slightly to the left and right during the use of the vehicle display device, "upper side" refers to the position on the light-emitting side of the display device and slightly above during the use of the vehicle display device, and "lower side" refers to the position on the light-emitting side of the display device and slightly below during the use of the vehicle display device.

[0106] It should also be noted that in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this disclosure, the "×" sign with a circle represents an arrow pointing inwards perpendicular to the paper; the arrows marked on the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 indicate the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizer. The transmission axis of the polarizer refers to a specific direction along which the polarizer transmits light most effectively. The transmission axis is usually determined during the fabrication of the polarizer and determines its effectiveness for light polarized in different directions. The transmission axis is perpendicular to the absorption axis. Specifically, when the polarization direction of the polarized light is consistent with the absorption axis of the polarizer and perpendicular to the transmission axis, the polarizer absorbs light at its maximum. Conversely, when the polarization direction of the polarizer is perpendicular to the absorption axis and parallel to the transmission axis, the polarizer absorbs light at its minimum.

[0107] In the following embodiments, in embodiments one to six, the liquid crystal layer 23 adopts a HAN arrangement. In this case, the light transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2; or, the light transmission axes of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 are not parallel, and a polarization rotation layer 21 is provided on the side of the first polarizer POL1 away from the display panel 10. The polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 is rotated to be parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 by the polarization rotation layer 21. In embodiments seven to ten, the liquid crystal layers are arranged in parallel. In this case, the light transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2; or, the light transmission axes of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 are not parallel, and a polarization rotation layer 21 is provided on the side of the first polarizer POL1 away from the display panel 10. The polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 is rotated to be parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 by the polarization rotation layer 21. In embodiments 11 to 15, the liquid crystal layer 23 adopts a TN arrangement. In this case, the light transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2; or, the light transmission axes of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 are not perpendicular, and a polarization rotation layer 21 is provided on the side of the first polarizer POL1 away from the display panel 10. The polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 is rotated by the polarization rotation layer 21 to be perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2.

[0108] Example 1:

[0109] Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure along a first direction, and Figure 1C is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure along a second direction. As shown in Figures 1B and 1C, the display panel 10 includes a display substrate and a circular polarizer CP disposed on the light-emitting side of the display substrate. The circular polarizer CP includes a quarter-wave plate 15 and a linear polarizer disposed sequentially along a direction away from the display substrate. By providing the circular polarizer CP, the reflection of ambient light by the display module can be reduced or prevented. The linear polarizer is reused as the first polarizer POL1 in the privacy shield component 20, thereby simplifying the overall structure of the display module.

[0110] As shown in Figures 1B and 1C, the display substrate includes a substrate 11 and a driving circuit layer 12, a light-emitting device 13, a pixel defining layer (PDL), and an encapsulation layer 14 disposed on the substrate 11. The light-emitting device 13 can be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

[0111] The driving circuit layer 12 may include pixel circuitry for providing driving signals to the light-emitting device 13. The light-emitting device 13 is located on the side of the driving circuit layer 12 away from the substrate 11. The light-emitting device 13 includes a first electrode 131, a light-emitting layer 133, and a second electrode 132 disposed along the side away from the substrate 11. For example, the first electrode 131 is an anode, and the second electrode 132 is a cathode. Alternatively, the light-emitting device 13 may also include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer located between the first electrode 131 and the light-emitting layer 133, and an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer located between the light-emitting layer 133 and the second electrode 132.

[0112] The pixel defining layer (PDL) is located on the side of the layer containing the first electrode 131 away from the substrate 11, and has multiple pixel openings. Each pixel opening corresponds to a light-emitting device 13, and the pixel opening exposes a portion of the first electrode 131 of the corresponding light-emitting device 13. The light-emitting layer 133 is located in the pixel opening. The second electrodes 132 of the multiple light-emitting devices 13 are connected to form a whole film layer and are located on the side of the pixel defining layer (PDL) away from the substrate 11.

[0113] The encapsulation layer 14 is located on the side of the plurality of light-emitting devices 13 and the pixel defining layer PDL away from the substrate 11, and is used to encapsulate the plurality of light-emitting devices 13 to prevent moisture and / or oxygen from the external environment from corroding the light-emitting devices 13. In some examples, the encapsulation layer 14 includes a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer arranged sequentially along the direction away from the substrate 11. Both the first and second inorganic encapsulation layers can be made of highly dense inorganic materials such as silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxide (SiOx), and silicon nitride (SiNx). The organic encapsulation layer can be made of a polymer material containing a desiccant or a polymer material that can block moisture. For example, a polymer resin can be used to relieve stress on the first and second inorganic encapsulation layers, and it can also include a water-absorbing material such as a desiccant to absorb water, oxygen, and other substances that penetrate the interior.

[0114] As shown in Figures 1B and 1C, a sealant 28 and a spacer 27 are provided between the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2. The sealant 28 surrounds the liquid crystal layer 23 and the spacer 27. The spacer 27 supports the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2, thereby maintaining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23.

[0115] In one example, as shown in Figures 1B and 1C, spacer 27 is located between the first alignment layer 241 and the second alignment layer 242. The shape of spacer 27 includes, but is not limited to, spherical, ellipsoidal, and cylindrical shapes. In another example, as shown in Figure 1I, spacer 27 is located between the second substrate SUB and the second alignment layer 242, wherein the cross-section of spacer 27 (the cross-section of spacer 27 perpendicular to the thickness direction of the second substrate SUB) can gradually decrease along the direction away from the second substrate SUB. In other examples, spacer 27 may also be located between the first substrate SUB1 and the first alignment layer 241, or a portion of spacer 27 may be located between the first substrate SUB1 and the first alignment layer 241, and another portion may be located between the second substrate SUB2 and the second alignment layer 242.

[0116] For example, the side of the second polarizer POL2 away from the substrate 11 may also be provided with an optical adhesive layer OCA and a cover plate CG, with the optical adhesive layer OCA bonded between the cover plate CG and the second polarizer POL2.

[0117] For example, the display module may also include a touch layer (not shown) for detecting touch events. The touch layer may be located between the encapsulation layer 14 and the quarter-wave plate 15, or between the privacy shield 20 and the cover plate CG, or the touch layer may be integrated with the cover plate CG to form an OGS (One Glass Solution) touch panel structure.

[0118] In one example, the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material can be positive or negative; the phase retardation Δnd of the liquid crystal layer 23 is 0.2 to 3 μm, where Δn is the difference in refractive index between the major and minor axes of the liquid crystal molecule 231, and d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23.

[0119] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules 231 in liquid crystal layer 23 in Figures 1B and 1C. As shown in Figures 1B to 1C, the liquid crystal molecules 231 in liquid crystal layer 23 are initially arranged in a HAN configuration. Specifically, the angle between the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer 241 and the surface of the first electrode layer 221 (i.e., the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 231) is less than or equal to 10°, and the angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer 222 is between 80° and 90°. Thus, in the initial state, the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the second alignment layer 242 is approximately perpendicular to the second electrode layer 222, and the angle between the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 and the surface of the second electrode layer 222 is less than or equal to 10°, for example, approximately parallel. In one example, the angle between the alignment direction of the first alignment layer 241 and the first electrode layer 221 is 0.1° to 10°.

[0120] In Figures 1B to 1D, when there is no electric field between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 is the same as the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1. Here, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 refers to the horizontal angle required to rotate the position of the liquid crystal molecule 231 counterclockwise with a certain direction as a reference direction. In this example, the first direction is used as the reference direction. For example, in Figures 1B to 1D, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 is 90°, that is, when there is no electric field between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23, projected onto the first electrode layer 221, extends along the second direction.

[0121] In Figures 1B and 1C, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. For example, the azimuth angles of the transmission axes of both polarizers POL1 and POL2 are 90°, and the azimuth angles of the absorption axes of both polarizers POL1 and POL2 are 0°. In this embodiment, a transmission axis azimuth angle of 0° means that the transmission axis extends along a first direction, and a transmission axis azimuth angle of 90° means that the transmission axis extends along a second direction.

[0122] As shown in Figures 1B and 1C, the privacy shield 20 also includes an optical compensation layer 26 located between the second polarizer POL2 and the liquid crystal layer 23. This optical compensation layer 26 is referred to as the second optical compensation layer 262, which can specifically be located between the second substrate SUB2 and the second polarizer POL2. The second optical compensation layer 262 can be a negative C compensation film, where a negative C compensation film is a compensation film with a refractive index satisfying nx = ny > nz. nx, ny, and nz are the refractive indices of the compensation film in the x, y, and z directions, respectively. x and y are two mutually perpendicular directions parallel to the surface of the compensation film; for example, one of the x and y directions is the first direction, and the other is the second direction. The z direction is the thickness direction of the compensation film. It should be noted that, due to difficulties in actual manufacturing, nx = ny may be difficult to achieve. Optionally, when nx and ny of the compensation film satisfy R0 ≤ 200 nm, the compensation film is also considered to be a negative C compensation film. Where R0 = (nx - ny) * d, and d is the thickness of the compensation membrane.

[0123] Figure 1E shows two driving waveforms of the display module in the shared mode of Embodiment 1, and Figure 1F shows two driving waveforms of the display module in the privacy mode of Embodiment 1. In the shared mode, the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with a first voltage signal V1, and the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with a second voltage signal V2. The voltage difference between the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 is the first voltage difference; alternatively, the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with the first voltage signal V1, and the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with the second voltage signal V2. In the privacy mode, the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with a third voltage signal V3, and the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with a fourth voltage signal V4. There is a second voltage difference between the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4; alternatively, the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with the third voltage signal V3, and the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with the fourth voltage signal V4. The first voltage difference is greater than the second voltage difference. For example, the first voltage difference is between 5 and 30V, and the second voltage difference is between 1 and 5V. For example, the first voltage difference is 15V, or 20V, or 25V, or 30V; the second voltage difference is 2V, or 2.4V, or 2.5V, or 3V.

[0124] Specifically, at least one of the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 is a square wave signal. Taking a first voltage difference of 20V as an example, in one implementation, as shown in Figure 1E(a), the first voltage signal V1 switches between 20V and -20V, and the second voltage signal V2 is 0V. In another implementation, as shown in Figure 1F(b), both the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 switch between 10V and -10V, and when one of the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 is 10V, the other is -10V. This voltage switching method can prevent the liquid crystal molecules 231 from becoming polarized.

[0125] Similarly, at least one of the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 is a square wave signal. Taking a second voltage difference of 2.4V as an example, in one implementation, as shown in Figure 1F(a), the third voltage signal V3 switches between 2.4V and -2.4V, and the fourth voltage signal V4 is 0V. In another implementation, as shown in Figure 1F(b), both the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 switch between 1.2V and -1.2V.

[0126] For the display module in Embodiment 1, the light L0 emitted by the display panel 10 is formed into linearly polarized light after passing through the first polarizer POL1, denoted as the first linearly polarized light L1. The polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1 is consistent with the light transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the extension direction of the second polarizer POL2.

[0127] Figure 1G is a schematic diagram of the display module sharing in Embodiment 1. In the sharing mode, there is a large voltage difference (e.g., 15V) between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, which causes the liquid crystal molecules 231 to deflect at a large angle in the vertical direction, so that the liquid crystal molecules 231 are all in an upright state. At this time, the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1 does not change when it is directed to the forward viewing angle, the large viewing angle positions on the left and right sides, and the large viewing angle positions on the top and bottom sides, and is thus emitted through the second polarizer POL2. In the absence of an optical compensation layer between the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2, when the first linearly polarized light is incident on a large viewing angle of approximately 45 degrees (i.e., the orthographic projection of the line connecting the viewing position and the center of the display surface of the display module onto the display surface has an angle of approximately 45 degrees with the first direction, and the angle between the viewing position and the central axis of the display module is relatively large), the liquid crystal layer 23 will generate a certain optical rotation effect on the first linearly polarized light L1, causing the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1 to rotate to a certain extent, and it will no longer be parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. After setting the optical compensation layer 26, by setting the phase delay of the optical compensation layer 26, the optical compensation layer 26 can adjust the light rays incident on a wide viewing angle position of about 45°, so that the polarization direction of the light rays incident on this position is still the same as the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2, so that the light rays can pass through the second polarizer POL2 smoothly, so that each wide viewing angle position can obtain greater brightness and realize wide viewing angle display.

[0128] Figure 1H is a schematic diagram illustrating the privacy protection principle of the display module in Embodiment 1. In privacy protection mode, there is a small voltage difference (e.g., 2V) between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 to deflect at a small angle in the vertical direction. At this time, when viewed from the normal viewing angle and from the top and bottom, the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1 remains unchanged after passing through the liquid crystal layer 23, allowing it to exit from the second polarizer POL2. Consequently, greater brightness can be obtained at the normal viewing angle and from the top and bottom. However, when viewed from the wide viewing angles on the left and right sides, the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light directed towards the wide viewing angle rotates by approximately 90 degrees after passing through the liquid crystal layer 23, thus becoming perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 and unable to pass through it. In the absence of an optical compensation layer between the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2, when the first linearly polarized light is incident on a wide viewing angle of approximately 45 degrees, the rotation angle of the liquid crystal layer 23 on the first linearly polarized light is less than 90°. This results in the rotated first linearly polarized light still having a certain component along the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2, allowing some light to pass through and causing light leakage. However, by setting the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26, it can adjust the light incident on the wide viewing angle of approximately 45 degrees, rotating the polarization direction of the light to be perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2, thus preventing it from exiting the second polarizer POL2. This allows for narrow viewing angle displays with left and right privacy features.

[0129] In summary, for the display module shown in Embodiment 1, in the sharing mode, a certain amount of light brightness can be obtained at both the normal viewing angle and the wide viewing angle; in the privacy mode, the light brightness at the wide viewing angle on both the left and right sides is basically zero; and the optical compensation film 26 is used to compensate for the viewing angle of the display module to prevent the display module from having a dark viewing angle in the sharing mode and light leakage in the privacy mode.

[0130] When the liquid crystal layer 23 adopts the HAN arrangement, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 can be between 0.2μm and 10μm. The second optical compensation layer 262 adopts a negative C compensation film, and the phase retardation is between 400nm and 20000nm, thereby improving the compensation effect of the second optical compensation layer 262 on the viewing angle.

[0131] Specifically, in this first embodiment, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 1.2 μm and 2.4 μm, and the second optical compensation layer 262 is a negative C compensation film with a phase retardation between 400 nm and 2000 nm. For example, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 1.6 μm and 2 μm, and the phase retardation of the second optical compensation layer 262 is between 1100 nm and 1300 nm.

[0132] Example 2:

[0133] Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 2 of this disclosure along the first direction, and Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 2 of this disclosure along the second direction. As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the display module provided in Embodiment 2 is similar to that in Embodiment 1, except that the liquid crystal layer 23 of the display module in Embodiment 1 contains liquid crystal molecules 231 but not polymers; the liquid crystal layer 23 of the display module in Embodiment 2 contains liquid crystal molecules 231 and polymers 232, thereby forming a polymer-stable mixed-arrangement liquid crystal layer 23. The polymers 232 in the liquid crystal layer 23 can stabilize the liquid crystal state in privacy mode. In addition, the display module in Embodiment 2 includes a first optical compensation layer 261 located between the first polarizer POL1 and the first substrate SUB1 and a second optical compensation layer 262 located between the second polarizer POL2 and the second substrate SUB2. Both the first optical compensation layer 261 and the second optical compensation layer 262 are negative C compensation films. Of course, in Embodiment 2, only the second optical compensation layer 262 can be provided, without the first optical compensation layer 261.

[0134] In the fabrication of the liquid crystal layer 23, polymer monomers are mixed with liquid crystal materials, with the polymer monomers accounting for 0.5% to 3% of the weight in the mixture. The mixture is then poured between the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2, and a driving voltage is applied to the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222. This makes the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 0.1 to 0.3V higher than the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 in the privacy mode of Embodiment 1. Then, ultraviolet light irradiation is used to polymerize the polymer monomers, forming polymer filaments. After the voltage is released, the liquid crystal molecules 231 slightly rebound due to elasticity, thereby stabilizing the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the alignment state required for the privacy mode, achieving a narrow viewing angle characteristic without the need for applied voltage.

[0135] In liquid crystal layer 23, the liquid crystal molecules 231 are constrained by polymer filaments. Liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 are bound by the first alignment layer 241 and are arranged along the surface, with their long axis forming an angle of 6°±2° with the surface of the first electrode layer 221. Liquid crystal molecules 232 near the second alignment layer 242 are bound by the second alignment layer 242 and are arranged perpendicularly, with their long axis forming an angle of 88°~90° with the surface of the second electrode layer 222. In Figures 2A and 2B, the polymer filaments 232 in liquid crystal layer 23 are formed by polymer monomers polymerized under ultraviolet light irradiation. The polymer monomers are typical linear polymer monomers of difunctional acrylates (methacrylates or alkenyl groups). The structure of the polymer monomers is similar to that of the liquid crystal molecules 231, and they can be arranged parallel to adjacent liquid crystal molecules 231, accounting for 1%~3% of the total weight of the liquid crystal system. The polymer monomers, after polymerization, form linear polymer filaments. Due to the flexibility of the polymer filaments and the elasticity of the liquid crystal molecules 231, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 231 changes slightly compared to their state under the applied voltage. Therefore, to obtain a narrow-viewing-angle liquid crystal arrangement without voltage drive, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 23 is slightly higher than the voltage without polymer 232. Thus, after the polymer monomers polymerize, when the voltage is removed, the liquid crystal molecules 231 return to the desired arrangement.

[0136] In the display module shown in Embodiment 2, during use, in sharing mode, voltage is applied to the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 to achieve a large voltage between them; in privacy mode, no voltage needs to be applied to the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222. In privacy mode, the brightness at wide viewing angles on both sides is low; in sharing mode, high brightness can be achieved at wide viewing angles on both sides. The principle of privacy and sharing achieved by the display module shown in Embodiment 2 through the deflection of liquid crystal molecules 231 is similar to that in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0137] In Embodiment 2, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 1.2 μm and 2.4 μm. The first optical compensation layer 261 and the second optical compensation layer 262 are negative C compensation films, and the total phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26 formed by the two is between 400 nm and 2000 nm, thereby improving the compensation effect of the optical compensation layer 26 on the viewing angle. For example, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 1.6 μm and 2 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26 is between 1100 nm and 1300 nm.

[0138] It should be noted that, for the display module in Embodiment 2, the liquid crystal layer 23 in the privacy component 20 can also be configured as a liquid crystal layer 23 containing liquid crystal molecules 231 but not containing polymer 232.

[0139] Example 3:

[0140] Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure along the first direction, and Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure along the second direction. The display module shown in Embodiment 3 is similar to that in Embodiment 1, except that in the display module of Embodiment 3, the optical compensation layer 26 includes a first optical compensation layer 261 and a second optical compensation layer 262. The first optical compensation layer 261 is located on the side of the first polarizer POL1 facing the liquid crystal layer 23, and the second optical compensation layer 262 is located on the side of the second polarizer POL2 facing the liquid crystal layer 23. For example, the first optical compensation layer 261 is located between the first substrate SUB1 and the first polarizer POL1, and the second optical compensation layer 262 is located between the second substrate SUB2 and the second polarizer POL2. Both the first optical compensation layer 261 and the second optical compensation layer 262 are negative C compensation films.

[0141] In addition, in Embodiment 3, the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 differs from the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 by 90°. For example, the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 is 0°, and the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 is 90°. That is, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 both extend along the first direction, the absorption axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the absorption axis of the second polarizer POL2 both extend along the second direction, and the orthogonal projection of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 on the first electrode layer 221 extends along the second direction.

[0142] The driving process of the display module in Embodiment 3 is the same as in Embodiment 1. In shared mode, the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with a first voltage signal V1, and the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with a second voltage signal V2. The voltage difference between the first voltage signal V1 and the second voltage signal V2 is the first voltage difference. In privacy mode, the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with a third voltage signal V3, and the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with a fourth voltage signal V4. There is a second voltage difference between the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4. The first voltage difference is greater than the second voltage difference. For example, the second voltage difference is between 1 and 5V, and the first voltage difference is between 5 and 30V.

[0143] Similar to Embodiment 1, in Embodiment 3, the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, thereby enabling the privacy shield 20 to achieve either a shared state or a privacy shield state. For the specific principle, please refer to the description in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0144] For the display module in Embodiment 3, in the privacy mode, the brightness of the large viewing angle positions on the left and right sides is low, thus achieving privacy protection on the left and right sides; in the sharing mode, the large viewing angle positions on the left and right sides can obtain higher brightness.

[0145] In Embodiment 3, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 1.2 μm and 2.4 μm. The first optical compensation layer 261 and the second optical compensation layer 262 are negative C compensation films, and the total phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26 formed by the two is between 400 nm and 20000 nm, thereby improving the compensation effect of the optical compensation layer 26 on the viewing angle. For example, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 1.6 μm and 2 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26 is between 1100 nm and 1300 nm. For example, the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer 23 is 0.19 to 0.21 (@550 nm), and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 8 μm and 10.5 μm.

[0146] The tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 is 6°±2°, and the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the second alignment layer 242 is 88°~90°.

[0147] Example 4:

[0148] Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 4 of this disclosure along the first direction. As shown in Figure 4A, the display module of Embodiment 4 is similar to that of Embodiment 3. The difference is that the liquid crystal layer 23 of the display module of Embodiment 3 contains liquid crystal molecules 231 but does not contain polymer 232; the liquid crystal layer 23 of the display module shown in Embodiment 4 contains liquid crystal molecules 231 and polymer 232, thereby forming a polymer-stable mixed arrangement liquid crystal layer 23.

[0149] For Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 2 above, when the liquid crystal layer 23 contains polymer 232, specifically, 0.5% to 3% by weight of polymer monomer material RM257, whose chemical formula is shown in formula (1), can be added to the liquid crystal layer 23. A voltage is then applied between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, and ultraviolet light is used to irradiate the polymer monomers, causing them to polymerize and form polymer filaments, thereby forming a polymer-stable liquid crystal layer. This allows for privacy display even without voltage driving. See the description of Embodiment 2 for details.

[0150] Figure 4B shows the surface state of the alignment layer with and without polymer in the liquid crystal layer. The difference between the alignment layer surface without polymer filaments and with polymer filaments was observed by scanning electron microscopy. As shown in Figure 4B, the alignment layer surface with polymer filaments shows multiple broken filaments, while the alignment layer surface without polymer filaments is very clean. This indicates that the incorporation and curing of polymer monomers can realize the generation of polymer filaments and fix the liquid crystal state required for narrow viewing angle.

[0151] Example 5:

[0152] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 5 of this disclosure along the first direction. The display module provided in Embodiment 5 is similar to that in Embodiment 3, except that in Embodiment 5, the optical compensation layer 26 includes a second optical compensation layer 262 but does not include a first optical compensation layer 261, and the second optical compensation layer 262 adopts a negative C compensation layer.

[0153] The phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 1.2 μm and 2.4 μm, and the total phase retardation of the second optical compensation layer 262 is between 400 nm and 2000 nm, thereby improving the compensation effect of the optical compensation layer 26 on the viewing angle.

[0154] The principle of privacy protection and sharing in the display module of this embodiment five is the same as that in embodiments one and three, and will not be repeated here.

[0155] Example 6

[0156] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 6 of this disclosure along the first direction. As shown in Figure 6, the display module in Embodiment 6 is similar to that in Embodiment 4, except that in Embodiment 6, the direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is not parallel to the direction of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. In this case, as shown in Figure 6, the display module further includes a polarization rotation layer 21. The polarization rotation layer 21 is located on the side of the first polarizer POL1 away from the display panel 10 and is used to rotate the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted through the first polarizer POL1 to a target direction, which is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2.

[0157] For example, the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is 45°, and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 is 90°. The polarization rotation layer 21 can rotate the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 by 45°, forming linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2, and then incident on the liquid crystal layer 23. By setting the polarizer rotation layer 21, even when the transmission axes of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 are not parallel, the initial polarization direction of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 23 can be made parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2.

[0158] In one example, the polarization rotation layer 21 includes a polymer liquid crystal layer, which rotates the polarization direction of linearly polarized light by utilizing the phase retardation of the polymer liquid crystal layer. Taking an example where the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is 45° and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 is 90°, the phase retardation in the polarization rotation layer 21 is 0.5 micrometers to 3 micrometers, preferably 2 micrometers. Along the direction from the first substrate SUB1 to the second substrate SUB2, the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the polarization rotation layer 21 changes from 45° to 90°.

[0159] In another example, the polarization rotation layer 21 employs at least one half-wave plate. Taking an example where the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is 45° and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 is 90°, the retardation of the half-wave plate ranges from 0.2 micrometers to 0.4 micrometers, preferably 0.275 micrometers. For example, the polarization rotation layer 21 employs one half-wave plate with an optical axis angle between 66° and 68°; or, for another example, the polarization rotation layer 21 employs multiple half-wave plates, with the optical axis angle of the multiple half-wave plates gradually increasing along the direction away from the first polarizer POL1. For example, the polarization rotation layer 21 uses three half-wave plates, and along the direction away from the first polarizer POL1, the optical axis angle ranges of the three half-wave plates are 51.5 degrees to 53.5 degrees, 66.5 degrees to 68.5 degrees, and 81.5 degrees to 83.5 degrees, respectively. Alternatively, the polarization rotation layer 21 uses five half-wave plates, and along the direction away from the first polarizer POL1, the optical axis angle ranges of the three half-wave plates are 48.5 degrees to 51.5 degrees, 57.5 degrees to 59.5 degrees, 66.5 degrees to 68.5 degrees, 75.5 degrees to 77.5 degrees, and 84.5 degrees to 86.5 degrees, respectively. Of course, the number of half-wave plates included in the polarization rotation layer 21 can be any odd number or an even number.

[0160] It should be noted that Figure 6 illustrates an example where the liquid crystal layer 23 includes liquid crystal molecules 231 and polymer 232. Of course, the liquid crystal layer 23 in Figure 6 may not include polymer 232. Furthermore, Figure 6 illustrates an example where the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer POL2 is the first direction. It could also be an example where the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer POL2 is the second direction, as long as the polarization rotation layer 21 can rotate the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 to be parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. Additionally, Figure 6 illustrates an example where the optical compensation layer 26 includes a first optical compensation layer 261 and a second optical compensation layer 262. It could also be an example where the optical compensation layer 26 only includes the second optical compensation layer 262.

[0161] Example 7:

[0162] Figure 7A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 7 of this disclosure along the first direction, Figure 7B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 7 of this disclosure along the second direction, and Figure 7C is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in Embodiment 7 of this disclosure. As shown in Figures 7A to 7C, the display module of Embodiment 7 is similar to that of Embodiment 1, both including a display panel 10 and a privacy protection component 20, and the privacy protection component 20 includes: a first polarizer POL1, a first electrode layer 221, a first alignment layer 241, a liquid crystal layer 23, a second alignment layer 242, a second electrode layer 222, an optical compensation layer 26, and a second polarizer POL2. The optical compensation layer 26 of Embodiment 7 may include a second optical compensation layer 262, which is a negative C compensation layer. The difference between Embodiment 7 and Embodiment 1 is that the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 in Embodiment 7 are arranged in parallel, and the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 and the light transmission axis direction of the second polarizer POL2 in Embodiment 7 are perpendicular to the setting direction in Embodiment 1.

[0163] Specifically, in Embodiment 7, the first alignment layer 241 has a first alignment direction, and the second alignment layer 242 has a second alignment direction. The angle between the first alignment direction and the first electrode layer 221 is 0.1 to 10°, thereby causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 to form a tilt angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. The angle between the second alignment direction and the second electrode layer 222 is also 0.1 to 10°, causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the second alignment layer 242 to form an angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. For example, the angle between the first alignment direction and the first electrode layer 221, and the angle between the second alignment direction and the second electrode layer 222, are both 6° ± 2°.

[0164] In Embodiment 7, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 are parallel, and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the two polarizers differs from the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 by 90°. For example, when there is no electric field between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 (i.e., the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 is zero), the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 is 90°, and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 is 0°. That is, the transmission axis of the two polarizers extends along the first direction, the absorption axis extends along the second direction, and the orthogonal projection of the liquid crystal molecule 231 on the first substrate SUB1 extends along the second direction.

[0165] Figure 7D is a schematic diagram of two driving waveforms of the display module in the privacy mode of Embodiment 7. As shown in Figure 7D, in the privacy mode of the display module of Embodiment 7, the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with a third voltage signal V3, and the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with a fourth voltage signal V4; alternatively, the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with the fourth voltage signal V4, and the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with the third voltage signal V3. There is a second voltage difference between the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4, which is between 1 and 10V, for example, 3.2V. In one implementation, as shown in Figure 7D(a), the third voltage signal V3 is a square wave signal switching between 3.2V and -3.2V, and the fourth voltage signal V4 is 0V; in another implementation, as shown in Figure 7D(b), both the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 are square wave signals switching between 1.6V and -1.6V.

[0166] In the shared mode, a first voltage signal is applied to one of the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, and a second voltage signal is applied to the other of the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222. The first voltage difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal is less than the second voltage difference. In one example, in the shared mode, the first voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 is between 0 and 0.1V. For example, the voltages on the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 are equal, both being 0V, and the first voltage difference is 0V.

[0167] For the display module provided in Embodiment 7, the light L0 emitted from the display panel 10 forms linearly polarized light after passing through the first polarizer POL1. This linearly polarized light is denoted as the first linearly polarized light L1, and its polarization direction is consistent with the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. Figure 7E is a schematic diagram of the sharing principle of the display module in Embodiment 7. As shown in Figure 7E, in the sharing mode, the voltages on the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 are basically equal or completely equal, thereby preventing the liquid crystal molecules 231 from deflecting. The polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1 does not change when it is directed at the positive angle, the large viewing angle positions on the left and right sides, and the large viewing angle positions on the top and bottom sides, and thus it is emitted through the second polarizer POL2. In the absence of an optical compensation layer between the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2, when the first linearly polarized light is incident on a wide viewing angle of approximately 45°, the liquid crystal layer 23 causes a certain rotation in the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1, preventing it from being parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. However, with the optical compensation layer 26, by adjusting the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26, it can adjust the light incident on the wide viewing angle of approximately 45°, ensuring that the polarization direction of the light incident on this position remains the same as the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2. This allows the light to pass smoothly through the second polarizer POL2, resulting in greater brightness at all wide viewing angles and achieving wide-viewing-angle display.

[0168] Figure 7F is a schematic diagram illustrating the privacy protection principle of the display module in Embodiment 7. As shown in Figure 7F, in the shared mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 to deflect at a small angle in the vertical direction. At this time, the first linearly polarized light L1 incident on the positive viewing angle and the upper and lower sides retains its polarization direction after passing through the liquid crystal layer 23, and can thus exit from the second polarizer POL2, thereby obtaining greater brightness at the positive viewing angle and at various viewing angles on the upper and lower sides. However, when viewed from the wide viewing angles on the left and right sides, the first linearly polarized light incident on the wide viewing angle rotates its polarization direction by about 90° after passing through the liquid crystal layer 23, thus becoming perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 and unable to pass through the second polarizer POL2. In the absence of an optical compensation layer between the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2, when the first linearly polarized light is incident on a wide viewing angle of approximately 45°, the rotation angle of the liquid crystal layer 23 on the first linearly polarized light is less than 90°. This results in the rotated first linearly polarized light still having a certain component along the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2, allowing some light to pass through and causing light leakage. However, by setting the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26, it can adjust the light incident on the wide viewing angle of approximately 45°, rotating the polarization direction of the light to be perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2, thus preventing it from exiting the second polarizer POL2. This allows for narrow viewing angle displays with left and right privacy features.

[0169] Therefore, for the display module shown in Embodiment 7, in the sharing mode, a certain light brightness can be obtained at both the normal viewing angle and the wide viewing angle; in the privacy mode, the light brightness at the wide viewing angle on both the left and right sides is basically zero; and the optical compensation film 26 is used to compensate for the viewing angle of the display module to prevent the display module from having a dark viewing angle in the sharing mode and light leakage in the privacy mode.

[0170] In some examples, when the liquid crystal layer 23 is arranged in a parallel configuration, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 0.2 μm and 5 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 21 is between 400 nm and 20000 nm, thereby improving the viewing angle compensation effect of the optical compensation layer 26. For example, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 0.2 μm and 1.6 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 21 is between 400 nm and 2000 nm; or, for another example, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 0.6 μm and 0.8 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 21 is between 1000 nm and 1500 nm.

[0171] Example 8:

[0172] Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 8 of this disclosure along the first direction, and Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 8 of this disclosure along the second direction. As shown in Figures 8A and 8B, the display module of Embodiment 8 is similar to that of Embodiment 7, except that in Embodiment 8, the azimuth angles of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL and the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 are the same as the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231. That is, when there is no electric field between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, the transmission axes of the first polarizer POL and the second polarizer POL2 are parallel to the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 231 onto the first polarizer POL1. The orthographic projections of the transmission axes of the first polarizer POL1, the second polarizer POL2, and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 231 onto the first polarizer POL1 all extend along the second direction.

[0173] The principle of privacy protection and sharing in the display module of Embodiment 8 is the same as that in Embodiment 7. The phase delay range of the liquid crystal layer 23 and the second optical compensation layer 262 are set with reference to the settings in Embodiment 7, and will not be repeated here.

[0174] Example 9:

[0175] Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 9 of this disclosure along the first direction, and Figure 9B is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 9 of this disclosure along the second direction. As shown in Figures 9A and 9B, the display module of Embodiment 9 is similar to that of Embodiment 8, except that in Embodiment 9, no optical compensation layer is provided between the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2 of the privacy shield 20. Referring to the above description, without the optical compensation layer, the display module exhibits low brightness at some azimuth angles in the shared mode; and light leakage occurs at some azimuth angles in the privacy shield mode.

[0176] Example 10:

[0177] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 10 of this disclosure along the first direction. As shown in Figure 10, the display module of Embodiment 10 is similar to that of Embodiment 8, except that in Embodiment 10, the extension direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the extension direction of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 intersect. In this case, as shown in Figure 10, the display module further includes a polarization rotation layer 21. The polarization rotation layer 21 is located on the side of the first polarizer POL1 away from the display panel 10 and is used to rotate the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted through the first polarizer POL1 to a target direction, which is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2.

[0178] In Figure 10, the polarization rotation layer 21 can be a polymer liquid crystal rotation layer, or a polarization rotation layer including at least one half-wave plate. The parameters of the polymer liquid crystal rotation layer and the half-wave plate can be determined based on the azimuth angle of the transmission axes of the two polarizers to ensure that the polarization rotation layer 21 can rotate the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted through the first polarizer POL1 to a direction parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2.

[0179] It should be noted that Figure 10 is illustrated by taking the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 as extending along the second direction as an example. Alternatively, the light transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 can extend along the first direction.

[0180] Example 11:

[0181] Figure 11A is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 11 of this disclosure along the first direction. As shown in Figure 11A, the display module provided in Embodiment 11 is similar to the display module in Embodiment 1. The differences between the two will be described below.

[0182] In the display module of Embodiment Eleven, the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 are arranged in a TN configuration. For example, the angle between the first alignment direction of the first alignment layer 241 and the first electrode layer 221 is 0.1 to 10°, so that the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 form a tilt angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. For example, the angle between the first alignment direction and the first electrode layer 221 is 2°. The angle between the second alignment direction of the second alignment layer 242 and the second electrode layer 222 is 0.1 to 10°, so that the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the second alignment layer 242 form a tilt angle of 0.1 to 10° in the absence of an electric field. For example, the angle between the second alignment direction and the second electrode layer 222 is 2°. Figure 11B is a top view of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in Embodiment Eleven arranged in a TN configuration. As shown in Figure 11B, the orthographic projections of the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 and the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the second alignment layer 242 on the first electrode layer 221 intersect, for example, are perpendicular to each other.

[0183] Furthermore, in Embodiment Eleven, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. The azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is the same as the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241, and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 is the same as the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the second alignment layer 242. For example, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 are both 45°, and the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the second alignment layer 242 and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 are both 135°.

[0184] Figure 11C is a schematic diagram of two driving waveforms of the display module in the privacy mode of Embodiment 11. For the display module of Embodiment 11, in the shared mode, the first voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 is less than the second voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 in the privacy mode. In one example, the first voltage difference is essentially zero or completely zero, for example, the voltage on the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 are both 0V. In the privacy mode, the first electrode layer 221 is loaded with a third voltage signal V3, and the second electrode layer 222 is loaded with a fourth voltage signal V4. The second voltage difference between the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 is between 1 and 10V. Among them, at least one of the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 is a square wave signal. Taking the voltage difference between the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 as 2V as an example, in one implementation, as shown in Figure 11C(a), the third voltage signal V3 switches between 2.2V and -2.2V, and the fourth voltage signal V4 is 0V. In another implementation, as shown in Figure 11C(b), the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 both switch between 1.1V and -1.1V, and when one of the third voltage signal V3 and the fourth voltage signal V4 is 1.1V, the other is -1.1V.

[0185] For the display module of Embodiment Eleven, the light emitted from the display panel 10 is formed as linearly polarized light after passing through the first polarizer POL1. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is consistent with the extension direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1. In the shared mode, there is no electric field between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, and the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 do not deflect. At this time, when viewed from various viewing angles, the linearly polarized light generated by the first polarizer POL1 rotates 90° in polarization direction after passing through the liquid crystal layer 23, thereby becoming parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2, and can then be emitted from the second polarizer POL2 to achieve wide viewing angle display.

[0186] In the privacy mode, an electric field exists between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, causing the liquid crystal molecules 231 to deflect. In the case where no optical compensation layer 26 is disposed between the first polarizer POL1 and the second polarizer POL2, when linearly polarized light generated from the first polarized light travels toward the normal viewing position and the lower large viewing position, its polarization direction is deflected by approximately 90°, so that it is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 and can thus exit from the second polarizer POL2; when the linearly polarized light generated from the first polarized light travels toward the upper large viewing position, its polarization direction also rotates, so that a partial component of the light can exit from the second polarizer POL2. After the optical compensation layer 26 is disposed, by adjusting the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26, under the combined action of the optical compensation layer 26 and the liquid crystal layer 23, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light traveling toward the upper viewing position remains substantially unchanged, so that it no longer exits from the second polarizer POL2, realizing narrow viewing angle display with unilateral privacy protection (upper-side privacy protection).

[0187] In Example 11, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 0.6μm and 3.6μm, the optical compensation layer 26 comprises a second optical compensation layer 262, the second optical compensation layer 262 adopts a positive C compensation film, and the phase retardation of the second optical compensation layer 262 is between 20nm and 500nm, thereby improving the viewing angle compensation effect of the optical compensation layer 26. For example, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is between 0.8μm and 1.2μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer 26 is between 100nm and 200nm.

[0188] Wherein, the positive C compensation film refers to a compensation film whose refractive index satisfies nx=ny<nz, nx, ny and nz are respectively the refractive indices of the compensation film in the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction, x and y are respectively two mutually perpendicular directions parallel to the surface of the compensation film, for example, one of the x-direction and the y-direction is a first direction, and the other is a second direction; the z-direction is the thickness direction of the compensation film.

[0189] When the display module is used in a vehicle-mounted display device, performing privacy protection for the upper large viewing position can prevent light from irradiating onto the windshield, improve user experience, and there is no need to provide other shielding structures to prevent light from irradiating onto the windshield, so as to avoid affecting the display effect caused by providing other shielding structures.

[0190] Example 12:

[0191] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment Twelve of this disclosure along the first direction. As shown in Figure 12, the display module provided in Embodiment Twelve is similar to the display module in Embodiment Eleven. The liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 are arranged in TN. A positive C compensation film is provided between the second substrate SUB2 and the second polarizer POL2. The differences between Embodiment Twelve and Embodiment Eleven will be described below.

[0192] In embodiment 12, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 are not perpendicular, and an acute angle is formed between them. At this time, a polarization rotation layer 21 is also provided between the first polarizer POL1 and the first electrode layer 221 to rotate the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 to the target direction, which is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2.

[0193] For example, the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is 0°, the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 is 135°, and the polarization rotation axis is used to rotate the 0° linearly polarized light emitted through the first polarizer POL1 by 45° to form linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 45°.

[0194] In other words, in Embodiment Twelve, by setting a polarization rotation layer 21, the initial polarization direction of the linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer 23 is perpendicular to the light transmission axis direction of the second polarizer POL2. The driving method and the principle of achieving privacy protection and sharing in Embodiment Twelve are the same as those in Embodiment Eleven, and will not be repeated here.

[0195] Among them, the polarization rotation layer 21 adopts at least one half-wave plate with a half-wave plate delay of 200-300nm. The azimuth angle of the kth half-wave plate along the direction away from the display panel 10 is (2k-1)*45 / (2n), where n is the number of wave plates and k≤n.

[0196] In one example, the polarization rotation layer 21 can be a single uniaxial half-wave plate (optical axis azimuth angle of 21.5–23.5 degrees), or three uniaxial half-wave plates (optical axis azimuth angles of 6.5–8.5 degrees, 21.5–23.5 degrees, and 36.5–38.5 degrees respectively), or five uniaxial half-wave plates (optical axis azimuth angles of 3.5–5.5 degrees, 12.5–14.5 degrees, 21.5–23.5 degrees, 30.5–32.5 degrees, and 39.5–41.5 degrees respectively). As the number of uniaxial half-wave plates increases, the transmittance increases while the transmittance variation between the normal and privacy states decreases, and the privacy angle remains unchanged.

[0197] It should be noted that in other examples, the polarization rotation layer 21 can also be a liquid crystal layer (denoted as a polarization rotation liquid crystal layer). This polarization rotation liquid crystal layer can be a regular liquid crystal layer or a polymer liquid crystal layer. The twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the polarization rotation liquid crystal layer is related to the required rotation angle of the polarization rotation layer 21. For example, if the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the polarization rotation liquid crystal layer changes from 0° to 45° along the direction away from the display panel 20, then linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 0° can be rotated to 45°.

[0198] The retardation of the polarized light rotating liquid crystal layer is greater than 0.55 micrometers, thereby achieving a polarization rotation efficiency of over 97%.

[0199] In one example, the phase retardation d1*Δn1 of the polarized light rotating liquid crystal layer is 0.5 micrometers to 2 micrometers, where d1 is the thickness of the polarized light rotating liquid crystal layer and Δn1 is the difference in refractive index between the long axis and the short axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the polarized light rotating liquid crystal layer.

[0200] Example 13

[0201] The display module in Embodiment Thirteen is similar to that in Embodiment Eleven, except that in Embodiment Thirteen, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 differs from the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 by 90°, and the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the second alignment layer 242 differs from the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 by 90°. That is, the extension direction of the orthographic projection of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 on the first polarizer POL1 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1, and the extension direction of the orthographic projection of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the second alignment layer 242 on the second polarizer POL2 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1.

[0202] For example, the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is 45°, and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 is 135°. Along the direction away from the display panel 10, the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 are twisted at an azimuth angle from 135° to 45°. When linearly polarized light enters the liquid crystal layer 23, its polarization direction is perpendicular to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 231, and it propagates in o-mode within the liquid crystal layer 23.

[0203] Example 14:

[0204] The display module in Embodiment Fourteen is similar to that in Embodiment Twelve, except that in Embodiment Fourteen, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the second alignment layer 242 is 90° different from the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2, while the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule 231 near the first alignment layer 241 is the same as the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2.

[0205] For example, the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is 0°, and the azimuth angle of the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 is 135°. Along the direction away from the display panel 10, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23 is twisted from 135° to 45°. The polarization rotation layer 21 rotates the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL to the target direction, which is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2. That is, after being rotated by the polarization rotation layer 21, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer 23 is perpendicular to the orthogonal projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 231 near the first alignment layer 241 onto the first electrode layer, and it propagates in the o-mode in the liquid crystal layer 23.

[0206] In this fourteenth embodiment, the polarization rotation layer 21 may include at least one half-wave plate, or it may include a liquid crystal layer.

[0207] It should be noted that in the above embodiments using TN-arranged liquid crystal layers 23, the polarization axis azimuth angle of the first polarizer POL1 is described as 45° or 0°. In other examples, the polarization axis of the first polarizer POL1 can also be other azimuth angles, such as 90°. In this case, the polarizer rotation layer 21 can be used to rotate the polarization angle of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1, and in conjunction with the liquid crystal layer 23 between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, and the second polarizer POL2, the display of the sharing mode and the privacy mode can be realized.

[0208] Example 15:

[0209] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the display module provided in Embodiment 15 of this disclosure along the first direction. The display module in Embodiment 15 is similar to that in Embodiment 11, except that the optical compensation layer 26 is no longer provided in the display module in Embodiment 15.

[0210] The driving method of the display module in Embodiment 15 is the same as that in Embodiment 11. Referring to the description of Embodiment 11 above, when the optical compensation layer 26 is not provided in Embodiment 15, it will cause a certain amount of light leakage in the display module at the upper wide viewing angle position.

[0211] Example 16

[0212] Figure 14 is a partial plan view of the display module provided in Embodiment Sixteen of this disclosure, Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A' in Figure 14, and Figure 16 is an overall schematic diagram of the display module provided in Embodiment Sixteen of this disclosure. As shown in Figures 14 to 16, in Embodiment Sixteen, the display substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixels P and a spacing region located around each sub-pixel P. The plurality of sub-pixels P includes a plurality of red sub-pixels Pr, a plurality of blue sub-pixels Pb, and a plurality of green sub-pixels Pg. For example, the plurality of sub-pixels P can be arranged in multiple columns. The sub-pixels P are the areas where the pixel openings of the pixel defining layer PDL are located. The display module also includes a grating layer located between the display substrate and the first polarizer POL1. The grating layer includes a plurality of light-shielding portions 18 located in the spacing region. The orthographic projection of the light-shielding portions 18 on the substrate 11 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the pixel defining layer PDL on the substrate 11. At least one side of each sub-pixel P is provided with a light-shielding portion 18.

[0213] The privacy protection component 20 can adopt the structure of any one of the privacy protection components 20 in Embodiments 1 to 15.

[0214] By setting the light-blocking part 18, light from a wide viewing angle can be blocked to a certain extent, thereby further reducing the viewing angle range in privacy mode.

[0215] In one example, as shown in Figure 14, each sub-pixel P corresponds to a light-shielding part 18. The light-shielding part 18 is disposed on one side of the corresponding sub-pixel P, and the arrangement direction of each sub-pixel P and the corresponding light-shielding part 18 is the same. For example, in Figure 14, the light-shielding part 18 is located above the corresponding sub-pixel P to reduce the viewing angle on the upper side. At this time, when the anti-spy component 20 adopts any one of the structures in Embodiments 1 to 10 to achieve left and right anti-spying, combined with the light-shielding part 18, the entire display module can achieve three-sided anti-spying. There is a first distance between each sub-pixel P and its corresponding light-shielding part 18 above it. When there are other light-shielding parts 18 below the sub-pixel P, there is a second distance between the sub-pixel P and the light-shielding part 18 below it. The first distance is smaller than the second distance.

[0216] Of course, in other examples, each sub-pixel can also correspond to multiple light-shielding parts 18. For example, light-shielding parts 18 are provided on both the left and right sides of each sub-pixel. In this case, when the privacy component 20 adopts any one of the structures in Embodiments 11 to 15 to achieve upper-side privacy, the combination of light-shielding parts 18 can enable the display module to achieve three-sided privacy. When the privacy component 20 adopts any one of the structures in Embodiments 1 to 10 to achieve left and right privacy, the combination of light-shielding parts 18 can further reduce the viewing angle on the left and right sides.

[0217] As shown in Figures 15 and 16, the light-shielding portion 18 can be located on the side of the encapsulation layer 14 away from the substrate 11. A planarization layer 19 can also be disposed on the side of the light-shielding portion 18 away from the substrate 11, and the circular polarizer CP is located on the side of the planarization layer 19 away from the substrate 11. The light-shielding portion 18 can be multi-layered. When the light-shielding portion 18 is multi-layered, each light-shielding portion 18 can correspond to one planarization layer 19, and the planarization layer 19 is located on the side of the corresponding light-shielding portion 18 away from the substrate 11.

[0218] Example 17:

[0219] The display module of Embodiment Seventeen is similar to that of Embodiment One, except that in Embodiment One, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is relatively small, for example, less than or equal to 10 micrometers; while in Embodiment Seventeen, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is relatively large, for example, the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer 23 is 5.0 micrometers or more, and when the birefringence of the liquid crystal is 0.2, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is 25 micrometers or more, and its thickness range can be 25 to 100 micrometers. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer 23 can be positive or negative. When the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is positive, the compensation value of the negative C compensation film also needs to be increased.

[0220] In one example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is increased to about 30 micrometers, and the compensation value of the negative C compensation film is increased to about 5 micrometers. In this case, the privacy angle in privacy mode is about 30°. As another example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is increased to about 40 micrometers, and the compensation value of the negative C compensation film is increased to about 7.2 micrometers. In this case, the privacy angle in privacy mode is about 20°.

[0221] In another example, the liquid crystal material is BHR28300-400, with a birefringence Δn = 0.237 and a dielectric anisotropy Δε = -9.6. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is 50–100 micrometers. For example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is 50–70 micrometers, and no optical compensation layer is provided. Yet another example is that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 is 70–90 micrometers, and no optical compensation layer is provided.

[0222] In another example, liquid crystal layer 23 uses dual-frequency liquid crystal material and does not have an optical compensation layer, which combines the good narrow viewing angle characteristics of positive liquid crystal and the advantage of negative liquid crystal that it does not need a compensation film in the case of wide viewing angle.

[0223] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the driving circuit layer 12 and the light-emitting device 13 provided in some embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 17, the driving circuit layer 12 in the above embodiments may include a pixel circuit, which includes multiple transistors and capacitors. Only one transistor and one capacitor are shown in Figure 17.

[0224] In some embodiments, a semiconductor layer is disposed on a substrate 11. The material of the semiconductor layer may include, for example, inorganic semiconductor materials (e.g., polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, etc.), organic semiconductor materials, and oxide semiconductor materials. The semiconductor layer includes an active layer T_a for each transistor T0. The active layer T_a includes a channel portion and source connection portions and drain connection portions located on both sides of the channel portion. The source connection portions are connected to the source T_s of transistor T0, and the drain connection portions are connected to the drain T_d of transistor T0. Both the source connection portions and the drain connection portions may be doped with impurities (e.g., N-type impurities or P-type impurities) with a higher impurity concentration than the channel portion. The channel portion is directly opposite the gate T_g of transistor T0. When the voltage signal applied to the gate T_g reaches a certain value, a carrier path is formed in the channel portion, forming a connection that turns on the source T_s and drain T_d of transistor T0. The transistor shown in FIG17 is a dual-gate transistor; of course, it can also be a single-gate transistor.

[0225] In one example, to prevent or reduce the diffusion of metal atoms and / or impurities from the substrate 11 into the active layer of the transistor, a second buffer layer BFL can be provided between the semiconductor layer and the substrate 11.

[0226] In some embodiments, a first gate insulating layer GI1 is disposed on the semiconductor layer, and a first gate electrode layer is disposed on the first gate insulating layer GI1. The first gate electrode layer includes the gate T_g of each transistor T0 and the first electrode 131 plate C11 of capacitor C1. A second gate insulating layer GI2 is disposed on the first gate electrode layer, and a second gate electrode layer is disposed on the second gate insulating layer GI2. An interlayer insulating layer ILD is disposed on the second gate electrode layer, and a source / drain conductive layer is disposed on the interlayer insulating layer ILD. The source / drain conductive layer may include the source T_s and drain T_d of each transistor. The transistor T0 shown in FIG. 17 includes a gate T_g, a source T_s, a drain T_d, and an active layer T_a. A passivation layer PVX is disposed on the first source / drain conductive layer. The material of the passivation layer PVX may include a silicon compound, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. A planarization layer PLN is located on the side of the passivation layer PVX away from the substrate 11, and the surface of the planarization layer PLN away from the substrate 11 is substantially flat. The planarization layer PLN is made of an organic insulating material, such as polyimide, epoxy resin, acrylic, polyester, photoresist, polyacrylate, polyamide, siloxane, and other resin-based materials. Alternatively, the organic insulating material may include elastic materials such as urethane or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The first electrode 131 of the light-emitting device 13 and the pixel defining layer PDL are disposed on the side of the planarization layer PLN away from the substrate 11. The first electrode 131 is electrically connected to the drain T_d of the transistor through a via penetrating the planarization layer PLN.

[0227] This disclosure also provides a display device. FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the display device provided in this disclosure, and FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the driving process of the display device provided in this disclosure. As shown in FIG18, the display device includes the display module and the driving module in the above embodiments. The driving module includes a system motherboard 30 and a driving circuit board 40. The driving module is configured to determine the target display mode, and when the target display mode is determined to be a sharing mode, control a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 to control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23, so that the privacy component 20 is in the sharing mode; and when the target display mode is determined to be a privacy mode, control a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 to control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules 231 in the liquid crystal layer 23, so that the privacy component 20 is in the privacy mode.

[0228] As shown in Figure 18, the driving module includes a system motherboard 30 and a driving circuit board 40 electrically connected to the system motherboard 30. The driving circuit board 40 is electrically connected to the system motherboard 30 via a first circuit board 51, to the display panel 10 via a second circuit board 52, and to the privacy shield 20 via a third circuit board 53. The driving circuit board 40 is equipped with a mode control chip 42 and a display driver chip 41. The display driver chip 41 may include, for example, a timing control (TCON) circuit. As shown in Figure 19, after receiving a power-on command, the system motherboard 30 receives a video source and determines the target display mode, and provides image information to the driving circuit board 40 based on the video source. The display driver chip 41 provides display drive signals to the display panel 10 based on the image information, thereby enabling the display panel 10 to display an image. When the system motherboard 30 determines that the target display mode is a shared mode, it provides a first control signal to the mode control chip 42. In response to the first control signal, the mode control chip 42 provides corresponding voltage signals to the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222 to control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules 231, so that a first voltage difference is achieved between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, thereby putting the privacy component 20 into a shared mode. When the target display mode is determined to be a privacy mode, the system motherboard 30 provides a second control signal to the mode control chip 42. In response to the second control signal, the mode control chip 42 provides corresponding voltage signals to the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, so that a second voltage difference is achieved between the first electrode layer 221 and the second electrode layer 222, thereby controlling the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules 231, thereby putting the privacy component 20 into a privacy mode.

[0229] In one example, the system motherboard 30 can determine the target display mode based on the mode selection command input by the user; when the mode selection command input by the user is a privacy protection command, the target display mode is determined to be a privacy protection mode; when the mode selection command input by the user is a sharing command, the target display mode is determined to be a sharing mode.

[0230] In another example, after receiving a power-on command, the system motherboard 30 defaults to the current target display mode as shared mode; upon receiving a switch command, it determines the target display mode as privacy mode; upon receiving another switch command, it determines the target display mode as shared mode; and so on.

[0231] The display device can include any device or product with display functionality. For example, the display device can be a smartphone, mobile phone, e-book reader, desktop computer (PC), laptop PC, netbook (PCePDA), portable multimedia player (PMP), digital audio player, mobile medical device, camera, wearable device (e.g., head-mounted device, electronic clothing, electronic bracelet, electronic necklace, electronic accessory, electronic tattoo, or smartwatch), television set, etc. In some embodiments, the display device is particularly suitable as an in-vehicle display device.

[0232] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of this disclosure, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of this disclosure, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A privacy protection component, comprising, in sequence, a first polarizer, a first electrode layer, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, a second electrode layer, and a second polarizer; in, The angle between the alignment direction of the first alignment layer and the surface of the first electrode layer is less than or equal to 10°, and the angle between the alignment direction of the second alignment layer and the surface of the second electrode layer is between 80° and 90°. The privacy protection component has a sharing mode and a privacy protection mode. In the sharing mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the privacy protection mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the first voltage difference is greater than the second voltage difference.

2. The privacy device according to claim 1, wherein, The privacy protection component further includes an optical compensation layer located between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, the optical compensation layer including at least one negative C compensation film.

3. The privacy device according to claim 2, wherein, The phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer is between 0.2 μm and 10 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer is between 400 nm and 20000 nm.

4. The privacy device according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

5. The privacy device according to claim 1, wherein, The light transmission axis of the first polarizer extends in a direction that intersects with the light transmission axis of the second polarizer. The privacy shield also includes: A polarization rotation layer is located between the first polarizer and the first electrode layer. The polarization rotation layer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer to a target direction, which is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

6. The privacy device according to claim 5, wherein, The polarization rotation layer includes a polymer liquid crystal layer, or the polarization rotation layer includes at least one half-wave plate.

7. The privacy device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The liquid crystal layer comprises liquid crystal molecules and polymers.

8. A privacy protection component, comprising, in sequence, a first polarizer, a first electrode layer, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, a second electrode layer, and a second polarizer; wherein the first alignment layer has a first alignment direction, and the second alignment layer has a second alignment direction; in, The first alignment direction is parallel to the second alignment direction, and the angle between the first alignment direction and the surface of the first electrode layer, and the angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer are both less than or equal to 10°. The privacy protection component has a sharing mode and a privacy protection mode. In the sharing mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the privacy mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the first voltage difference is smaller than the second voltage difference.

9. The privacy device according to claim 8, wherein, The privacy protection component also includes an optical compensation layer located between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, the optical compensation layer including at least one negative C compensation film.

10. The privacy device according to claim 9, wherein, The phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer is between 0.2 μm and 5 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer is between 400 nm and 20000 nm.

11. The privacy device according to claim 8, wherein, The transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer; When there is no electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the extension direction of the orthogonal projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer onto the first polarizer is perpendicular to the extension direction of the light transmission axis of the first polarizer.

12. The privacy device according to claim 8, wherein, The transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer; When there is no electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the extension direction of the orthogonal projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer onto the first polarizer is parallel to the extension direction of the light transmission axis of the first polarizer.

13. The privacy device according to claim 8, wherein, The transmission axis of the first polarizer intersects the transmission axis of the second polarizer, and the privacy shield further includes: A polarization rotation layer is located between the first polarizer and the first electrode layer. The polarization rotation layer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer to a target direction, which is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

14. The privacy device according to claim 13, wherein, The polarization rotation layer includes a polymer liquid crystal layer, or the polarization rotation layer includes at least one half-wave plate.

15. A privacy protection component, comprising, in sequence, a first polarizer, a first electrode layer, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, a second electrode layer, and a second polarizer; wherein the first alignment layer has a first alignment direction, and the second alignment layer has a second alignment direction; in, The angle between the first alignment direction and the surface of the first electrode layer, and the angle between the second alignment direction and the surface of the second electrode layer are both less than or equal to 10°. The long axis of the liquid crystal molecule near the first alignment layer and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule near the second alignment layer are perpendicular to each other on the first electrode layer. The privacy protection component has a sharing mode and a privacy protection mode. In the sharing mode, there is a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the privacy mode, there is a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the first voltage difference is smaller than the second voltage difference.

16. The privacy device according to claim 15, wherein, The privacy protection component also includes an optical compensation layer located between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, the optical compensation layer including at least one positive C compensation film.

17. The privacy device according to claim 16, wherein, The phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer is between 0.6 μm and 3.6 μm, and the phase retardation of the optical compensation layer is between 20 nm and 500 nm.

18. The privacy device according to claim 15, wherein, The transmission axis of the first polarizer is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

19. The privacy device according to claim 15, wherein, The long axis of the liquid crystal molecule near the first alignment layer has an orthogonal projection onto the first electrode layer and an angle of less than 90° with the light transmission axis of the first polarizer. The privacy protection component also includes: A polarization rotation layer is located between the first polarizer and the first electrode layer. The polarization rotation layer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer to a target direction, which is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

20. The privacy device according to claim 19, wherein, The polarization rotation layer includes a polymer liquid crystal layer, or the polarization rotation layer includes at least one half-wave plate.

21. The privacy device according to claim 15, wherein, The orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the first alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer, and the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the second alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer. or, The orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the first alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer, and the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules near the second alignment layer onto the first electrode layer is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer.

22. A display module, comprising a display panel and a privacy component according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the privacy component is located on the light-emitting side of the display panel; The first polarizer, the first electrode layer, the first alignment layer, the liquid crystal layer, the second alignment layer, the second electrode layer, and the second polarizer are arranged sequentially in a direction away from the display panel.

23. The display module according to claim 22, wherein, The display panel includes: Display substrate; A circular polarizer is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display substrate. The circular polarizer includes a quarter-wave plate and a linear polarizer disposed sequentially along a direction away from the display substrate. The linear polarizer is reused as the first polarizer.

24. The display module according to claim 22, wherein, The display panel includes: The display substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixels and a spacing region surrounding each sub-pixel; A grating layer is located between the display substrate and the first polarizer, and includes a plurality of light-shielding portions located in the spacing region; at least one side of each sub-pixel is provided with the light-shielding portion; A planarization layer is located on the side of the grating layer away from the display substrate.

25. A display device, comprising: The display module according to any one of claims 22 to 24; The driving module is configured to determine a target display mode, and when the target display mode is determined to be a shared mode, control a first voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, so that the privacy component is in a shared mode; and when the target display mode is determined to be a privacy mode, control a second voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, so that the privacy component is in a privacy mode.

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