Template-based clipping for block vector-based intra prediction

Abstract

A video codec can perform template-based clipping based on block vector intra prediction. For example, a device (e.g., a decoder for video decoding) can determine that intra template matching prediction (intra-TMP) is enabled for a current video block in a picture. The device can obtain a template for the current video block. The device can determine a minimum value and a maximum value of a first sample value range based on the template for the current video block. The device can predict the current video block. The device can perform a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first sample value range. The device can decode the picture based on the predicted current video block.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of European patent application 24305528.2, filed on 4 April 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Technology

[0002] Video coding systems can be used to compress digital video signals, for example, to reduce the storage space and / or transmission bandwidth required for such signals. Video coding systems can include, for example, block-based systems, wavelet-based systems, and / or object-based systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Systems, methods, and means for use with devices configured for one or more of video encoding / decoding (e.g., encoding and / or decoding), distribution, and consumption are disclosed.

[0004] In the example, a device (e.g., a decoder for video decoding) can determine that intra template matching prediction (intra-TMP) is enabled for a current video block in the frame. The device can obtain a template for the current video block. Based on the template of the current video block, the device can determine a minimum and maximum value within a first range of sample values. The device can predict the current video block. The device can perform a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first range of sample values. The device can decode the frame based on the predicted current video block.

[0005] In the example, the current video block can be a first video block. The device can obtain a first predicted block of a second video block in the frame. For example, the first predicted block can be in the frame. The device can obtain a second predicted block of the second video block. For example, the second predicted block can be in the frame. The device can perform a second clipping operation on the first predicted block based on a second range of sample values. For example, the second range of sample values ​​can include minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on a template of the first predicted block of the second video block. The device can perform a third clipping operation on the second predicted block based on a third range of sample values. For example, the third range of sample values ​​can include minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on a template of the second predicted block of the second video block. The device can predict the second video block based on the first and second predicted blocks of the second video block.

[0006] The device can determine a simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block. For example, the second video block can be predicted based on the simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block.

[0007] In the example, the device can determine a template for the second video block in the frame. The device can perform a fourth clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on a fourth range of sample values, wherein the fourth range of sample values ​​includes a minimum and a maximum value determined based on the template of the second video block.

[0008] In the example, the current video block may be a first video block. The device may determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of a second sample value range based on a template of a second video block. The device may modify the second sample value range by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values. The device may predict the second video block. The device may perform a second clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on the modified second sample value range.

[0009] In the example, the second sample value range can be modified by subtracting a first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range, adding a second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range, and subtracting the first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range and adding the second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range.

[0010] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on the template of the second video block. For example, the template of the second video block may include multiple reference samples of the second video block. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0011] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on a template of the prediction block of the second video block. For example, the template of the prediction block of the second video block may include multiple reference samples. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0012] In the example, template matching or a block vector associated with the current video block can be used to predict the current video block. For example, the image can be decoded after the first clipping operation is performed on the current video block. For example, the first clipping operation may include: checking whether the sample value of the predicted current video block is outside the range of the first sample value, and modifying the sample value of the predicted current video block according to the range of the first sample value if the sample value of the predicted current video block is outside the range of the first sample value.

[0013] In the example, before performing the first clipping operation on the predicted current video block, one or more of intra-block copy (IBC) filtering, local illumination compensation (LIC), and subpixel prediction can be used to predict the current video block.

[0014] In the example, a device (e.g., an encoder for video encoding) can determine that intra template matching prediction (intra-TMP) is enabled for a current video block in a frame. The device can obtain a template for the current video block. The device can determine a minimum and maximum value of a first range of sample values ​​based on the template of the current video block. The device can predict the current video block. The device can perform a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first range of sample values. The device can encode the frame based on the predicted current video block.

[0015] In the example, the current video block can be a first video block. The device can obtain a first predicted block of a second video block in the frame. For example, the first predicted block can be in the frame. The device can obtain a second predicted block of the second video block. For example, the second predicted block can be in the frame. The device can perform a second clipping operation on the first predicted block based on a second range of sample values. For example, the second range of sample values ​​can include minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on a template of the first predicted block of the second video block. The device can perform a third clipping operation on the second predicted block based on a third range of sample values. For example, the third range of sample values ​​can include minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on a template of the second predicted block of the second video block. The device can predict the second video block based on the first and second predicted blocks of the second video block.

[0016] The device can determine a simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block. For example, the second video block can be predicted based on the simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block.

[0017] In the example, the device can determine a template for the second video block in the frame. The device can perform a fourth clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on a fourth range of sample values, wherein the fourth range of sample values ​​includes a minimum and a maximum value determined based on the template of the second video block.

[0018] In the example, the current video block may be a first video block. The device may determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of a second sample value range based on a template of a second video block. The device may modify the second sample value range by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values. The device may predict the second video block. The device may perform a second clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on the modified second sample value range.

[0019] In the example, the second sample value range can be modified by subtracting a first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range, adding a second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range, and subtracting the first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range and adding the second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range.

[0020] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on the template of the second video block. For example, the template of the second video block may include multiple reference samples of the second video block. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0021] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on a template of the prediction block of the second video block. For example, the template of the prediction block of the second video block may include multiple reference samples. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0022] In the example, before performing the first clipping operation on the predicted current video block, one or more of intra-block copy (IBC) filtering, local illumination compensation (LIC), and subpixel prediction can be used to predict the current video block. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system that can implement one or more of the disclosed embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1B This illustrates that, according to an embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shows an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used in the communication system.

[0025] Figure 1C This illustrates that, according to an embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shows an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used in the communication system shown.

[0026] Figure 1D This illustrates that, according to an embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shows another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN used in the communication system shown.

[0027] Figure 2 An example video encoder is shown.

[0028] Figure 3 An example video decoder is shown.

[0029] Figure 4 Examples of systems that can achieve various aspects and examples are shown.

[0030] Figure 5 An example of an intra-template matching search region that can be used in intra-template matching prediction is shown.

[0031] Figure 6 An example of selecting two optimal predictors for intra-frame TMP is shown.

[0032] Figure 7 Examples of the template shapes on the left and top are shown.

[0033] Figure 8 An example of the IBC reference region depending on the current CU location is shown.

[0034] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating an example of amplitude limiting based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of the current template.

[0035] Figure 10A flowchart illustrating an example of amplitude limiting based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of a reference template.

[0036] Figure 11 This example demonstrates amplitude limiting based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of the current template and the reference template. Detailed Implementation

[0037] A more detailed understanding can be obtained through the following description, which is given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 1A This is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. Communication system 100 may be a multiple access system providing content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. Communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources (including wireless broadband). For example, communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail Unique Word DFT Extended OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0039] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d can be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0040] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a and 114b can be any type of device configured to wirelessly connect to at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. For example, base stations 114a and 114b can be base transceiver stations (BTS), Node-B, eNode B, home Node B, main eNode B, gNB, NR Node B, site controllers, access points (APs), wireless routers, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be understood that base stations 114a and 114b can include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0041] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a specific geographic area that may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may also be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver per sector of the cell. In embodiments, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0042] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Any suitable radio access technology (RAT) can be used to establish air interface 116.

[0043] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base station 114a in RAN 104 / 113 and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA can include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0044] In the embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0045] In the embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can use New Radio (NR) to establish air interface 116.

[0046] In the embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can, for instance, use the dual connectivity (DC) principle to jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access. Therefore, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0047] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSMEDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0048] Figure 1ABase station 114b can be, for example, a wireless router, a home NodeB, a home eNodeB, or an access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in localized areas such as commercial locations, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, air corridors (e.g., for use by drones), roads, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-a, LTE-a Pro, NR, etc.) to establish picocells or femtocells. Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b can be directly connected to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b does not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0049] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data can have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions (such as user authentication). Although Figure 1A As not shown, but will be understood, RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs using the same RAT as or a different RAT than RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) using GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0050] CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0051] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that can use cellular-based radio technology and with a base station 114b that can use IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0052] Figure 1B This is a system diagram illustrating example WTRU 102. (See diagram below.) Figure 1B As shown, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmitting / receiving element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138, etc. It will be understood that, while remaining consistent with the embodiments, WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements.

[0053] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmitting / receiving element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it will be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 can be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0054] Transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In another embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It will be understood that transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0055] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in Figure 1B While depicted as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via air interface 116.

[0056] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals transmitted by transmitting / receiving element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitting / receiving element 122. As described above, WTRU 102 can have multi-mode capability. Therefore, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers for enabling WTRU 102 to communicate via various RATs (e.g., such as NR and IEEE 802.11).

[0057] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 can be coupled to and receive user input data from: a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keyboard 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Additionally, the processor 118 can access information and store data from any suitable type of memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access information and store data from memory that is not physically located on WTRU 102 (such as on a server or home computer (not shown)).

[0058] The processor 118 may receive power from the power supply 134 and may be configured to distribute power to other components in the WTRU 102 and / or control power to those other components. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0059] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be understood that, while remaining consistent with the embodiments, the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method.

[0060] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral devices 138 may include accelerometers, electronic compasses, satellite transceivers, digital cameras (for photos and / or videos), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, Bluetooth® modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, etc. Peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0061] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio, for which the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., signals associated with a specific subframe of both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference through signal processing via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In embodiments, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio, for which the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., signals associated with a specific subframe of both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) are separate.

[0062] Figure 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 104 can employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0063] RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c, but it will be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, for example, eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0064] Each of the eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0065] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is described as part of CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0066] The MME 162 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, and 162c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0067] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to or from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during eNode-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available to WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0068] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, which can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0069] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to circuit-switched networks (such as PSTN 108) to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and traditional terrestrial line communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108, or can communicate with it. Additionally, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0070] Despite WTRU in Figures 1A to 1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that in some representative embodiments, such a terminal may (e.g., temporarily or permanently) use a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0071] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0072] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more Stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may access or interface with a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic entering and / or leaving the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS destined for a STA can be delivered to the AP. Traffic originating from a STA destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, for example, where a source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic can be sent between a source STA and a destination STA using a Direct Link Setup (DLS) (e.g., directly between them). In some representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). WLANs using Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode may not have access points (APs), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to as an "ad-hoc" communication mode in this document.

[0073] When operating in 802.11ac infrastructure mode or a similar mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of fixed width (e.g., a bandwidth of 20 MHz) or dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA / CA) with collision avoidance can be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, the AP STA (e.g., each STA) can sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects that the primary signal is busy and / or determines that the primary signal is busy, that particular STA can back off. In a given BSS, at any given time, only one STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit.

[0074] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels.

[0075] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80 MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. In the 80+80 configuration, data, after channel coding, can be passed through a fragment resolver that splits the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed on each stream separately. The streams can be mapped onto the two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Media Access Control (MAC).

[0076] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV Blank (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support instrument-type control / machine-type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, including, for example, limited capabilities to support (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0077] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STAs operating in the BSS that support the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the 802.11ah example, for STAs that support (e.g., only support) the 1 MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices), the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Assignment Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because an STA (which only supports the 1 MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available band may be considered busy even if most of the band remains idle and potentially available.

[0078] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0079] Figure 1D This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. RAN 113 may also communicate with CN 115.

[0080] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, but it will be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, for example, gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be located on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be located on licensed spectrum. In embodiments, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a can receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0081] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable set of parameters. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can be varied for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various lengths or scalable lengths (e.g., including different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or absolute times of varying durations).

[0082] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobile anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN (such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate substantially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can act as mobile anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput to serve WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0083] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interoperability between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0084] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements is described as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0085] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can act as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMFs 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the service types being used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services relying on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, and services for Machine Type Communication (MTC) access. AMF 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies (such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro) and / or non-3GPP access technologies (such as WiFi).

[0086] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 115 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 115 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and configure them to route traffic through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, or Ethernet-based.

[0087] UPF 184a and 184b can connect via the N3 interface to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113. These gNBs can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as the Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0088] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include or be able to communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. Additionally, CN 115 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be connected to DN 185a and 185b via UPF 184a and 184b through the N3 interface to UPF 184a and 184b and the N6 interface between UPF 184a and 184b and local data networks (DNs) 185a and 185b.

[0089] Given Figures 1A to 1D and Figures 1A to 1D The corresponding descriptions can be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown) that perform one or more of the functions described herein with respect to: WTRU 102a to 102d, base stations 114a to 114b, eNode-B 160a to 160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a to 180c, AMF 182a to 182b, UPF 184a to 184b, SMF 183a to 183b, DN 185a to 185b, and / or any other devices described herein. An emulation device can be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0090] Simulation devices can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions when fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions when temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. Simulation devices may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0091] One or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, a simulation device may be used to test scenarios in a laboratory and / or an undeployed (e.g., tested) wired and / or wireless communication network to perform testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices may be test devices. Simulation devices may transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit system (e.g., which may include one or more antennas).

[0092] This application describes various aspects, including tools, features, examples, models, methods, etc. Many of these aspects are described in a specific manner, and are generally described in a way that may sound restrictive, at least to illustrate the individual features. However, this is for the purpose of clarity of description and does not limit the application or scope of these aspects. In fact, all the different aspects can be combined and interchanged to provide other aspects. Furthermore, these aspects can also be combined and interchanged with those described in previous documents.

[0093] The aspects described and envisioned in this application can be implemented in many different forms. Figures 5 to 11 Some examples can be provided, but other examples are envisioned. Figures 5 to 11 The discussion does not limit the breadth of implementations. At least one aspect generally relates to video encoding and decoding, and at least one other aspect generally relates to transmitting the generated or encoded bitstream. These and other aspects can be implemented as methods, apparatus, computer-readable storage media having instructions thereon stored thereon for encoding or decoding video data according to any of the methods, and / or computer-readable storage media having bitstreams generated according to any of the methods stored thereon.

[0094] In this application, the terms “reconstruction” and “decoding” are used interchangeably, the terms “pixel” and “sample” are used interchangeably, and the terms “image”, “picture” and “frame” are used interchangeably.

[0095] This document describes various methods, each of which includes one or more steps or actions to implement the described method. Unless the correct operation of the method requires a specific order of steps or actions, the order and / or use of specific steps and / or actions can be modified or combined. Additionally, in various examples, terms such as "first," "second," etc., may be used to modify elements, components, steps, operations, etc., such as, for example, "first decoding" and "second decoding." Unless specifically required, the use of such terms does not imply a sequence of operations. Therefore, in this example, the first decoding does not need to be performed before the second decoding, but can be performed, for example, before, during, or in a time period overlapping with the second decoding.

[0096] The various methods and other aspects described in this application can be used to modify, for example... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The illustrated modules of the video encoder 200 and decoder 300 include, for example, a decoding module. Furthermore, the subject matter disclosed herein can be applied to, for example, any type, format, or version of video coding, whether described in standards or recommendations, whether pre-existing or future-developed, and any extensions to such standards and recommendations. Unless otherwise stated or technically excluded, these aspects described in this application may be used alone or in combination.

[0097] Various numerical values ​​are used in the examples described in this application, such as chroma format (e.g., 4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4), block size or coding unit size (e.g., height, width), partition size, number of search regions, number of sub-regions or regions, search step size, number of reconstructed blocks, number of entries in the list, precision, number of directions, number of patterns, number of candidates, candidate order, number of samples, number of references, number of bits, bit value, sub-block size, number of parameters, multiplier value, constant value, range value, minimum value, maximum value, threshold, index value, number of prediction units, number of prediction patterns, number of reference rows, index value, flag value, weight value, minimum value, maximum value, etc. These and other specific values ​​are for the purpose of describing examples, and the aspects described are not limited to these specific values.

[0098] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary video encoder. Variations of the exemplary encoder 200 are contemplated, but for clarity, encoder 200 is described below without describing all anticipated variations.

[0099] Before being encoded, the video sequence may undergo pre-coding processing 201 (e.g., applying color transformations to the input color picture (e.g., converting from RGB 4:4:4 to YCbCr 4:2:0), or performing remapping of the input picture components) to obtain a signal distribution more suited to compression (e.g., using histogram equalization of one of the color components). Metadata may be associated with the pre-processing and appended to the bitstream.

[0100] In encoder 200, the frame is encoded by encoder elements as described below. The frame to be encoded is divided (202) and processed in units such as coding units (CUs). Each unit is encoded using, for example, an intra-frame or inter-frame mode. When a unit is encoded in intra-frame mode, intra-frame prediction (260) is performed. In inter-frame mode, motion estimation (275) and compensation (270) are performed. The encoder determines (205) which mode, intra-frame or inter-frame, to use to encode the unit, and indicates the intra-frame / inter-frame decision by, for example, a prediction mode flag. For example, the prediction residual is calculated by subtracting (210) the prediction block from the original image block.

[0101] The prediction residual is then transformed (225) and quantized (230). The quantized transform coefficients, along with motion vectors and other syntax elements (e.g., screen division information), are entropy encoded (245) to output a bitstream. The encoder can skip the transform and apply quantization directly to the untransformed residual signal. The encoder can bypass both the transform and quantization, i.e., directly encode the residual without applying either the transform or quantization process.

[0102] The encoder decodes the coded block to provide a reference for further prediction. The quantized transform coefficients are dequantized (240) and inverse transformed (250) to decode the prediction residual. The decoded prediction residual and the prediction block are combined (255) to reconstruct the image block. An in-loop filter (265) is applied to the reconstructed image to perform, for example, deblocking / SAO (Sample Adaptive Offset) / ALF (Adaptive Loop Filtering) filtering, thereby reducing coding artifacts. The filtered image is stored in a reference image buffer (280).

[0103] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary video decoder. In the exemplary decoder 300, the bitstream is decoded by decoder elements, as described below. The video decoder 300 typically performs operations similar to... Figure 2 The encoding process described herein is the inverse of the decoding process. Encoder 200 typically also performs video decoding as part of the encoded video data.

[0104] Specifically, the decoder's input includes a video bitstream, which can be generated by the video encoder 200. First, entropy decoding (330) is performed on the bitstream to obtain transform coefficients, prediction modes, motion vectors, and other encoded information. Frame segmentation information indicates how the frame should be segmented. Therefore, the decoder can segment (335) the frame based on the decoded frame segmentation information. The transform coefficients are dequantized (340) and inverse transformed (350) to decode the prediction residuals. The decoded prediction residuals and prediction blocks are combined (355) to reconstruct the image blocks. Prediction blocks (370) can be obtained from intra-frame prediction (360) or motion-compensated prediction (i.e., inter-frame prediction) (375). An in-loop filter (365) is applied to the reconstructed image. The filtered image is stored in a reference frame buffer (380). In some examples (e.g., for a given frame), the contents of the reference frame buffer 380 on the decoder 300 side can be the same as the contents of the reference frame buffer 280 on the encoder 200 side (e.g., for the same frame).

[0105] The decoded image can also undergo post-decoding processing (385), such as inverse color transformation (e.g., a conversion from YCbCr 4:2:0 to RGB 4:4:4) or inverse remapping, which is the inverse of the remapping process performed in the pre-encoding process (201). Post-decoding processing can use metadata derived in the pre-encoding process and signaled in the bitstream. In the example, the decoded image (e.g., after applying an in-loop filter (365) and / or, in the case of post-decoding processing, after post-decoding processing (385)) can be sent to a display device for presentation to the user.

[0106] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating examples of systems in which the various aspects and examples described herein can be implemented. System 400 can be implemented as a device including the various components described below and configured to perform one or more aspects described in this document. Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, various electronic devices such as personal computers, laptop computers, smartphones, tablet computers, digital multimedia set-top boxes, digital television receivers, personal video recording systems, connected home appliances, and servers. Elements of system 400 can be implemented individually or in combination in a single integrated circuit (IC), multiple ICs, and / or discrete components. For example, in at least one example, the processing elements and encoder / decoder elements of system 400 are distributed across multiple ICs and / or discrete components. In various examples, system 400 is communicatively coupled to one or more other systems or other electronic devices via, for example, a communication bus or through dedicated input and / or output ports. In various examples, system 400 is configured to implement one or more aspects described in this document.

[0107] System 400 includes at least one processor 410 configured to execute instructions loaded thereon to implement various aspects described herein, such as those described. Processor 410 may include embedded memory, input / output interfaces, and various other circuitry known in the art. System 400 includes at least one memory 420 (e.g., a volatile memory device and / or a non-volatile memory device). System 400 includes a storage device 440 that may include non-volatile memory and / or volatile memory, including but not limited to electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory, disk drives, and / or optical disk drives. As a non-limiting example, storage device 440 may include internal storage devices, attached storage devices (including removable and non-removable storage devices), and / or network-accessible storage devices.

[0108] System 400 includes an encoder / decoder module 430 configured to, for example, process data to provide encoded or decoded video, and the encoder / decoder module 430 may include its own processor and memory. The encoder / decoder module 430 represents a module that can be included in a device to perform encoding and / or decoding functions. It is well known that a device can include one or both of the encoding and decoding modules. Alternatively, the encoder / decoder module 430 may be implemented as a separate element of system 400, or it may be incorporated into processor 410 as a combination of hardware and software known to those skilled in the art.

[0109] Program code to be loaded onto processor 410 or encoder / decoder 430 to execute the various aspects described in this document may be stored in storage device 440 and subsequently loaded onto memory 420 for execution by processor 410. Depending on various examples, one or more of processor 410, memory 420, storage device 440, and encoder / decoder module 430 may store one or more of various items during the execution of the processes described in this document. Such stored items may include, but are not limited to, input video, decoded video or portions of decoded video, bitstreams, matrices, variables, and intermediate or final results from equations, formulas, operations, and operational logic processing.

[0110] In some examples, the memory within processor 410 and / or encoder / decoder module 430 is used to store instructions and provide working memory for processing required during encoding or decoding. However, in other examples, external memory (e.g., the processing device could be processor 410 or encoder / decoder module 430) is used for one or more of these functions. External memory could be memory 420 and / or storage device 440, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile flash memory. In several examples, external non-volatile flash memory is used to store, for example, the operating system of a television. In at least one example, fast external volatile memory such as RAM is used as working memory for video encoding and decoding operations.

[0111] Inputs to the components of system 400 can be provided through various input devices, as indicated in box 445. Such input devices include, but are not limited to, (i) a radio frequency (RF) section that receives, for example, RF signals transmitted over the air by a broadcaster, (ii) a component (COMP) input terminal (or a set of COMP input terminals), (iii) a universal serial bus (USB) input terminal, and / or (iv) a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) input terminal. Figure 4 Other examples not shown include composite video.

[0112] In various examples, the input device of block 445 has associated input processing elements known in the art. For example, the RF section may be associated with elements suitable for: (i) selecting a desired frequency (also known as selecting a signal, or limiting the signal band to a band), (ii) down-converting the selected signal, (iii) further band-limiting to a narrower band to select (e.g.,) a signal band that may be referred to as a channel in some examples), (iv) demodulating the down-converted and band-limited signal, (v) performing error correction, and / or (vi) demultiplexing to select the desired data packet stream. The RF section of various examples includes one or more elements performing these functions, such as frequency selectors, signal selectors, band limiters, channel selectors, filters, downconverters, demodulators, error correctors, and demultiplexers. The RF section may include tuners performing various functions among these functions, including, for example, down-converting a received signal to a lower frequency (e.g., intermediate frequency or near-baseband frequency) or baseband. In one set-top box example, the RF section and its associated input processing elements receive RF signals transmitted via a wired (e.g., cable) medium and perform frequency selection by filtering, down-converting, and filtering again to the desired frequency band. Various examples rearrange the above (and other) components, remove some of them, and / or add other components that perform similar or different functions. Adding components may include inserting components between existing components, such as inserting amplifiers and analog-to-digital converters. In various examples, the RF section includes an antenna.

[0113] USB and / or HDMI terminals may include corresponding interface processors for connecting system 400 to other electronic devices via USB and / or HDMI connections. It should be understood that aspects of input processing (e.g., Reed-Solomon error correction) may be implemented, for example, within a separate input processing IC or within processor 410 as needed. Similarly, aspects of USB or HDMI interface processing may be implemented, as needed, within a separate interface IC or within processor 410. The demodulated, error-corrected, and demultiplexed stream is provided to various processing elements (including, for example, processor 410 and encoder / decoder 430), which operate in conjunction with memory and storage elements to process the data stream as needed for presentation on the output device.

[0114] Various components of system 400 can be housed within an integrated housing. Within the integrated housing, the various components can be interconnected and transmit data between them using suitable connection devices 425 (e.g., internal buses known in the art, including inter-IC (I2C) buses, wiring, and printed circuit boards).

[0115] System 400 includes a communication interface 450 that enables communication with other devices via a communication channel 460. The communication interface 450 may include, but is not limited to, a transceiver configured to send and receive data via the communication channel 460. The communication interface 450 may include, but is not limited to, a modem or network interface card (NIC), and the communication channel 460 may be implemented, for example, within a wired and / or wireless medium.

[0116] In various examples, wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi networks (e.g., IEEE 802.11, where IEEE refers to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), are used to stream or otherwise provide data to system 400. In these examples, the Wi-Fi signal is received via a communication channel 460 and a communication interface 450 adapted for Wi-Fi communication. The communication channel 460 in these examples is typically connected to an access point or router that provides access to external networks, including the Internet, to allow streaming applications and other over-the-top communications. Other examples use a set-top box to provide streaming data to system 400, delivering data via an HDMI connection to input block 445. Still other examples use an RF connection to input block 445 to provide streaming data to system 400. As indicated above, various examples provide data in non-streaming modes. Additionally, various examples use wireless networks other than Wi-Fi, such as cellular networks or Bluetooth® networks.

[0117] System 400 can provide output signals to various output devices, including display 475, speaker 485, and other peripheral devices 495. Various examples of display 475 include one or more of, for example, touchscreen displays, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, curved displays, and / or foldable displays. Display 475 can be used in televisions, tablets, laptops, cellular phones (mobile phones), or other devices. Display 475 can also be integrated with other components (e.g., in a smartphone) or separate (e.g., an external monitor for a laptop computer). In various examples, other peripheral devices 495 include one or more of stand-alone digital video discs (or digital multifunction discs) (DVDs, for both terms), disc players, stereo systems, and / or lighting systems. Various examples use one or more peripheral devices 495 that provide functionality based on the output of system 400. For example, a disc player performs the function of playing the output of system 400.

[0118] In various examples, signaling (such as AV.Link, Consumer Electronics Control (CEC), or other communication protocols that enable device-to-device control with or without user intervention) is used to transmit control signals between system 400 and display 475, speaker 485, or other peripheral devices 495. Output devices may be communicatively coupled to system 400 via dedicated connections through corresponding interfaces 470, 480, and 490. Alternatively, output devices may be connected to system 400 via communication interface 450 using communication channel 460. Display 475 and speaker 485 may be integrated into a single unit along with another component of system 400 in an electronic device, such as a television. In various examples, display interface 470 includes a display driver, such as a timing controller (TCon) chip.

[0119] For example, if the RF input section 445 is part of a separate set-top box, the display 475 and speaker 485 can alternatively be separate from one or more of the other components. In various examples where the display 475 and speaker 485 are external components, the output signal can be provided via a dedicated output connection, including, for example, an HDMI port, a USB port, or a COMP output.

[0120] The example can be executed by processor 410 or by computer software implemented by hardware or a combination of hardware and software. As a non-limiting example, the example can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits. As a non-limiting example, memory 420 can be of any type suitable for the technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as optical memory devices, magnetic memory devices, semiconductor-based memory devices, fixed memory, and removable memory. As a non-limiting example, processor 410 can be of any type suitable for the technical environment and can encompass one or more microprocessors, general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, and processors based on multi-core architectures.

[0121] Various implementations involve decoding. As used herein, "decoding" can encompass all or part of a process performed, for example, on a received encoded sequence to produce a final output suitable for display. In various examples, such a process includes one or more processes typically performed by a decoder, such as entropy decoding, inverse quantization, inverse transform, and differential decoding. In various examples, such a process may also include, or alternatively may include, a process performed by a decoder of the various implementations described herein, such as determining that intra template matching prediction (intra-TMP) is enabled for a current video block in the frame; obtaining a template for the current video block; determining a minimum and maximum value of a first range of sample values ​​based on the template of the current video block; predicting the current video block; performing a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first range of sample values; and decoding the frame based on the predicted current video block, etc.

[0122] As another example, in one example, "decoding" refers only to entropy decoding; in another example, "decoding" refers only to differential decoding; and in yet another example, "decoding" refers to a combination of entropy decoding and differential decoding. Based on the specific context of the description, it will be clear whether the phrase "decoding process" is intended to specifically refer to a subset of operations or to refer to the broader decoding process, and it is believed that those skilled in the art will understand this well.

[0123] Various implementations involve encoding. Similar to the discussion of "decoding" above, "encoding" as used in this application can include, for example, all or part of a process performed on an input video sequence to produce an encoded bitstream. In various examples, such processes include one or more processes typically performed by an encoder, such as partitioning, differential coding, transform, quantization, and entropy coding. In various examples, such processes can also include, or alternatively can include, processes performed by an encoder of the various implementations described in this application, such as determining that intra template matching prediction (intra-TMP) is enabled for a current video block in the frame; obtaining a template for the current video block; determining a minimum and maximum value of a first range of sample values ​​based on the template of the current video block; predicting the current video block; performing a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first range of sample values; encoding the frame based on the predicted current video block, etc.

[0124] As another example, in one example, "encoding" refers only to entropy encoding; in another example, "encoding" refers only to differential encoding; and in yet another example, "encoding" refers to a combination of entropy encoding and differential encoding. It will be clear from the specific context of the description whether the phrase "encoding process" is intended to refer specifically to a subset of operations or to a broader encoding process, and it is believed that those skilled in the art will understand this well.

[0125] It should be noted that the syntax element names used in this article (such as BlkW, BlkH, SearchRange_w, SearchRange_h, IBC-LIC flags, GetCurrentTemplate, predLumaVal) are descriptive terms only. Therefore, the use of other syntax element names is not excluded.

[0126] When a diagram is presented as a flowchart, it should be understood that it also provides a block diagram of the corresponding apparatus. Similarly, when a diagram is presented as a block diagram, it should be understood that it also provides a flowchart of the corresponding method / process.

[0127] The implementations and aspects described herein can be implemented in, for example, methods or processes, apparatuses, software programs, data streams, or signals. Even if discussed only in the context of a single implementation (e.g., discussed only as a method), the implementation of the features in question can be implemented in other forms (e.g., apparatuses or programs). Apparatuses can be implemented, for example, with appropriate hardware, software, and firmware. Methods can be implemented in, for example, a processor, which generally refers to a processing device, including, for example, a computer, microprocessor, integrated circuit, or programmable logic device. Processors also include communication devices, such as computers, cellular phones, portable / personal digital assistants (“PDAs”), and other devices that facilitate information communication between end users.

[0128] The reference to “an example” or “an example” or “an implementation” or “an implementation”, and their variations, means that the specific features, structures, characteristics, etc., described in connection with the example are included in at least one example. Therefore, the phrases “in an example” or “in the example” or “in an implementation” or “in the implementation”, and any other variations, appearing throughout this application, do not necessarily refer to the same example.

[0129] Additionally, this application may relate to "determining" various types of information. Determining information may include one or more of the following: for example, estimation information, calculation information, prediction information, and information retrieved from memory. Obtaining may include receiving, retrieving, constructing, generating, and / or determining.

[0130] Furthermore, this application may involve "accessing" various types of information. Accessing information may include one or more of the following: for example, receiving information, retrieving information (e.g., retrieving information from memory), storing information, moving information, copying information, calculating information, determining information, predicting information, and estimating information.

[0131] Additionally, this application may relate to "receiving" various types of information. Like "accessing," receiving is a broad term. Receiving information may include one or more of the following: for example, accessing information and retrieving information (e.g., retrieving information from memory). Furthermore, "receiving" is generally referred to in one or more ways during operation, such as storing information, processing information, transmitting information, moving information, copying information, erasing information, calculating information, determining information, predicting information, or estimating information.

[0132] It should be understood that the use of any of the following “ / ”, “and / or”, and “…” (e.g., in the cases of “A / B”, “A and / or B”, and “at least one of A and B”) is intended to cover selecting only the first listed option (A), or only the second listed option (B), or selecting both options (A and B). As yet another example, in the cases of “A, B, and / or C” and “at least one of A, B, and C”, this wording is intended to include selecting only the first listed option (A), or only the second listed option (B), or only the third listed option (C), or only the first and second listed options (A and B), or only the first and third listed options (A and C), or only the second and third listed options (B and C), or selecting all three options (A, B, and C). As will be apparent to those skilled in the art and related fields, this can be extended to a large number of listed items.

[0133] Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "notify with signaling" specifically refers to instructing the corresponding decoder to provide certain information. Encoder signals may include, for example, prediction signals, residual signals, metadata, encoded or motion representation modes and related signals (e.g., ITMP related flags, LIC related flags), partitioning modes, merging modes (e.g., IBC merge mode flags, TM merge flags), reference frames, motion vector predictors (MVP), motion vector differences (MVD), indices, candidate lists, etc. In this way, in the examples, the same parameters are used on both the encoder and decoder sides. Thus, for example, the encoder can send (explicit signaling) specific parameters to the decoder so that the decoder can use the same specific parameters. Conversely, if the decoder already has specific parameters as well as other parameters, signaling can be used without sending (implicit signaling) to simply allow the decoder to know and select specific parameters. Bit savings are achieved in various examples by avoiding the transmission of any actual functionality. It should be understood that signaling can be implemented in various ways. For example, in various examples, one or more syntax elements, flags, etc., are used to signal information to the corresponding decoder. Although the verb form of the word "signal" was mentioned earlier, the word "signal" can also be used as a noun in this text.

[0134] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, implementations can generate various signals, which are formatted to carry, for example, information that can be stored or transmitted. The information may include, for example, instructions for performing a method, or data generated by one of the described implementations. For example, a signal may be formatted to carry a bitstream of the described example. Such a signal may be formatted as, for example, electromagnetic waves (e.g., using the radio frequency portion of the spectrum) or baseband signals. Formatting may include, for example, encoding a data stream and modulating a carrier wave with the encoded data stream. The information carried by the signal may be, for example, analog or digital information. It is well known that signals can be transmitted via a variety of different wired or wireless links. Signals may be stored on, accessed from, or received from, a processor-readable medium.

[0135] This document describes numerous examples. Features of the examples may be provided individually or in any combination across various claim classes and types. Furthermore, examples may include one or more of the features, devices, or aspects described herein, individually or in any combination across various claim classes and types. For example, the features described herein may be implemented in a bitstream or signal that includes information generated as described herein. This information may allow a decoder to decode the bitstream, and the encoder, bitstream, and / or decoder may be any of the embodiments described. For example, the features described herein may be implemented by creating and / or transmitting and / or receiving and / or decoding a bitstream or signal. For example, the features described herein may be implemented by a method, process, apparatus, medium storing instructions, medium storing data, or signal. For example, the features described herein may be implemented by a TV, set-top box, cellular phone, tablet computer, or other electronic device performing decoding. The TV, set-top box, cellular phone, tablet computer, or other electronic device may (e.g., using a monitor, screen, or other type of display) display the resulting image (e.g., an image reconstructed from the residual of a video bitstream). The TV, set-top box, cellular phone, tablet computer, or other electronic device may receive a signal including the encoded image and perform decoding.

[0136] Systems, methods, and means for use with devices configured for one or more of video encoding / decoding (e.g., encoding and / or decoding), distribution, and consumption are disclosed.

[0137] In the example, a device (e.g., a decoder for video decoding) can determine that intra template matching prediction (intra-TMP) is enabled for a current video block in a frame. The device can obtain a template for the current video block. Based on the template of the current video block, the device can determine a minimum and maximum value within a first range of sample values. The device can predict the current video block. The device can perform a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first range of sample values. The device can decode the frame based on the predicted current video block.

[0138] In the example, the current video block can be a first video block. The device can obtain a first predicted block of a second video block in the frame. For example, the first predicted block can be in the frame. The device can obtain a second predicted block of the second video block. For example, the second predicted block can be in the frame. The device can perform a second clipping operation on the first predicted block based on a second range of sample values. For example, the second range of sample values ​​can include minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on a template of the first predicted block of the second video block. The device can perform a third clipping operation on the second predicted block based on a third range of sample values. For example, the third range of sample values ​​can include minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on a template of the second predicted block of the second video block. The device can predict the second video block based on the first and second predicted blocks of the second video block.

[0139] The device can determine a simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block. For example, the second video block can be predicted based on the simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block.

[0140] In the example, the device can determine a template for the second video block in the frame. The device can perform a fourth clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on a fourth range of sample values, wherein the fourth range of sample values ​​includes a minimum and a maximum value determined based on the template of the second video block.

[0141] In the example, the current video block may be a first video block. The device may determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of a second sample value range based on a template of a second video block. The device may modify the second sample value range by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values. The device may predict the second video block. The device may perform a second clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on the modified second sample value range.

[0142] In the example, the second sample value range can be modified by subtracting a first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range, adding a second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range, and subtracting the first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range and adding the second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range.

[0143] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on the template of the second video block. For example, the template of the second video block may include multiple reference samples of the second video block. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0144] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on a template of the prediction block of the second video block. For example, the template of the prediction block of the second video block may include multiple reference samples. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0145] In the example, template matching or a block vector associated with the current video block can be used to predict the current video block. For example, the frame can be decoded after the first clipping operation is performed on the current video block. For example, the first clipping operation may include: checking whether the sample value of the predicted current video block is not within the first sample value range, and modifying the sample value of the predicted current video block according to the first sample value range if the sample value of the predicted current video block is not within the first sample value range.

[0146] In the example, before performing the first clipping operation on the predicted current video block, one or more of intra-block copy (IBC) filtering, local illumination compensation (LIC), and subpixel prediction can be used to predict the current video block.

[0147] In the example, a device (e.g., an encoder for video encoding) can determine that intra template matching prediction (intra-TMP) is enabled for a current video block in a frame. The device can obtain a template for the current video block. The device can determine a minimum and maximum value of a first range of sample values ​​based on the template of the current video block. The device can predict the current video block. The device can perform a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first range of sample values. The device can encode the frame based on the predicted current video block.

[0148] In the example, the current video block can be a first video block. The device can obtain a first predicted block of a second video block in the frame. For example, the first predicted block can be in the frame. The device can obtain a second predicted block of the second video block. For example, the second predicted block can be in the frame. The device can perform a second clipping operation on the first predicted block based on a second range of sample values. For example, the second range of sample values ​​can include a minimum and a maximum value determined based on a template of the first predicted block of the second video block. The device can perform a third clipping operation on the second predicted block based on a third range of sample values. For example, the third range of sample values ​​can include a minimum and a maximum value determined based on a template of the second predicted block of the second video block. The device can predict the second video block based on the first and second predicted blocks of the second video block.

[0149] The device can determine a simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block. For example, the second video block can be predicted based on the simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block.

[0150] In the example, the device can determine a template for the second video block in the frame. The device can perform a fourth clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on a fourth range of sample values, wherein the fourth range of sample values ​​includes a minimum and a maximum value determined based on the template of the second video block.

[0151] In the example, the current video block may be a first video block. The device may determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of a second sample value range based on a template of a second video block. The device may modify the second sample value range by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values. The device may predict the second video block. The device may perform a second clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on the modified second sample value range.

[0152] In the example, the second sample value range can be modified by subtracting a first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range, adding a second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range, and subtracting the first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range and adding the second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range.

[0153] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on the template of the second video block. For example, the template of the second video block may include multiple reference samples of the second video block. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0154] In the example, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value can be determined based on a template of the prediction block of the second video block. For example, the template of the prediction block of the second video block may include multiple reference samples. The device can determine whether a variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value. The device can determine at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value based on the determination that the variance parameter associated with the multiple reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value.

[0155] In the example, before performing the first clipping operation on the predicted current video block, one or more of intra-block copy (IBC) filtering, local illumination compensation (LIC), and subpixel prediction can be used to predict the current video block.

[0156] Figure 5 This illustrates an example of an intra-template matching search region used in intra-template matching prediction (intra-TMP). Intra-TMP is an intra-prediction mode that copies the best prediction block from the reconstructed portion of the current frame (e.g., the current frame), whose L-shaped template matches the current template. For a predefined search range, the encoder can search for the template most similar to the current template in the reconstructed portion of the current frame and use the corresponding block as the prediction block. The encoder can (e.g., then can) signal the use of this mode. The same prediction operation can be performed on the decoder side.

[0157] Prediction signals can be generated by comparing the L-shaped causal neighbors of the current block with... Figure 5The search is generated by matching another block within a predefined search region, which includes: R1: Current CTU R2: Top Left CTU R3: Above CTU R4: Left CTU The sum of absolute differences (SAD) can be used as a cost function. Within a region (e.g., within each region), the decoder can search for the template with the minimum SAD relative to the current template and use its corresponding block as the prediction block. The size of the region (e.g., SearchRange_w, SearchRange_h) can be set to be proportional to the block size (e.g., BlkW, BlkH) to keep the number of SAD comparisons per pixel constant. That is:

[0158] Where "a" can be a constant that controls the trade-off between gain and complexity. For example, "a" can be equal to 5.

[0159] For CUs with dimensions of 64 or less in both width and height, the TMP tool can be enabled. This maximum CU size for intra-frame TMP may be configurable. Intra-frame TMP mode can be signaled at the CU level via a dedicated flag.

[0160] Multiple candidates can be selected for an intra-frame TMP. The index indicating the best candidate can be encoded into the bitstream.

[0161] Intra-frame TMP fusion methods can be used (e.g., in...). Figure 11 1112 or in Figure 10 (As shown in section 1012) (e.g., where the fusion weights are derived from template cost or a fixed value). The number of fusion blocks can be determined by a threshold. Candidate blocks can be fused (e.g., up to three candidate blocks). If one (e.g., only one) block is selected for fusion, the final predictor can be a fusion of the selected matching block and an intra-predictor derived from the planar pattern.

[0162] Subpixel precision can be supported in intra-frame TMP. Subpixel positions around integer pixel positions obtained through template matching can be enabled for use in intra-frame TMP. DCT-IF filters can be used for subpixel interpolation.

[0163] Figure 6 An example of selecting two optimal predictors for intra-frame TMP is shown.

[0164] Adaptive intra-frame TMP fusion can be used (e.g., employing up to two prediction blocks corresponding to the best TM cost and the second-best TM cost), such as... Figure 6As shown, P1 is the predicted data with the lowest TM cost, and P2 is the predicted data with the second lowest TM cost. Conditions (e.g., two conditions) can be applied to determine whether to apply fusion. The weight derivation can be the same as in TIMD. The fused prediction (e.g., the final fused prediction) can be a weighted sum of P1 and P2.

[0165] Other (e.g., three additional) intra-frame TMP modes (e.g., left template mode, top template mode, and L-shaped fusion mode) can be used. The left template mode and the top template mode can derive template matching candidates using the left template and the top template respectively (e.g., only). The L-shaped fusion mode can fuse the two best template matching candidates based on a cost-based linear combination formula. Figure 7 Examples of the template shapes on the left and top are shown.

[0166] Intra-frame TMP can be implemented using Local Illumination Compensation (LIC). LIC can compute a linear model for illumination variations based on a reference template and the current template. Illumination is represented, for example, according to equation (1) (e.g., it can be determined, for example, according to equation (1)):

[0167] Y can be the modified reconstructed value of x. A and B can be linear parametric models calculated based on the current template and the reference template.

[0168] The use of LIC for intra-frame TMP mode can be signaled, for example, via a CU-level flag.

[0169] For screen content encoding, it is permissible to use only top and / or only left templates to determine the LIC model. For camera capture encoding, a top-left template (e.g., only top-left template) can be used.

[0170] For example, if / when LIC is used for a given CU, the intra-frame TMP search procedure can use mean-removed SAD (MRSAD) (e.g., instead of the SAD distortion function) to search for the block vector.

[0171] Intra-TMP can be implemented using a candidate merging mechanism. For example, the intra-TMP search process can incorporate additional candidates from neighboring blocks encoded in intra-TMP or IBC modes. These additional candidates can be referred to as intra-TMP merge candidates. The template matching cost process used to sort the additional candidates among the computed candidates (such as those from a sparse search) can be the same as the template matching cost process used to sort the computed candidates. During the selection of additional (e.g., merged) candidates, local PUs and non-local PUs can be examined (e.g., up to 25). The processing order of neighboring PUs can be the same as in the IBC merging mode. For example, if / when a block vector is found to be within the local or non-local neighborhood of the current PU, the block vector can be added to the current intra-TMP candidate list.

[0172] The template cost of the block vector can be obtained in the same way as for other intra-frame TMP candidates. Candidates can be merged and ranked together with other candidates. For example, the top 30 candidates can be selected for further refinement.

[0173] IBC can be implemented using template matching. For example, in IBC, template matching can be used in IBC merge mode and / or IBC AMVP mode.

[0174] The IBC-TM merge list can be modified compared to the merge list available in the regular IBC merge mode. For example, candidates can be selected based on a pruning method that uses the motion distance between candidates, as is the case in the regular TM merge mode. The end zero motion fill can be replaced with a motion vector pointing to the left (-W, 0), top (0, -H), and top left (-W, -H), where W can be the width of the current CU and H can be the height of the current CU.

[0175] In IBC-TM merging mode, the selected candidates can be refined using template matching methods, such as before rate-distortion optimization (RDO) or the decoding process. IBC-TM merging mode can compete with regular IBC merging mode. The TM merging flag can be signaled to the decoder, for example.

[0176] In the IBC-TM AMVP mode, candidates can be selected from the IBC-TM merge list (e.g., up to three (3)). The selected candidates (e.g., each of the three (3) selected candidates) can be refined, for example, using a template matching method. The (e.g., refined) candidates can be ranked, for example, based on the template matching cost obtained from the (e.g., refined) candidates. Top or best (e.g., only the first two (2)) candidates can be considered during motion estimation.

[0177] Template matching refinement for IBC-TM merging mode and AMVP mode can be simplified (e.g., it is simple). IBC motion vectors can be constrained, for example, (i) to be integers and / or (ii) within the reference region, such as... Figure 8 As shown. Thinning (e.g., full thinning) can be performed at integer precision, such as in IBC-TM merge mode. In IBC-TM AMVP mode, thinning (e.g., full thinning) can be performed at integer or 4-pixel precision, depending on the AMVR value. Thinning can be performed, for example (e.g., only) on uninterpolated samples. The thinned motion vectors and the template used (e.g., in each thinning operation) can adhere to the constraints of the reference region.

[0178] Figure 8 An example of the IBC reference region depending on the current CU position is shown. Filtered IBC prediction can be implemented. The filtered IBC pattern allows a filter to be applied to an IBC predictor, which can be derived by minimizing the MSE between the current template and the reference template.

[0179] For example, the output of the filter can be calculated according to equation (2):

[0180] For example, according to equation (3), the nonlinear term P can be represented (e.g., determined or calculated) as the square of the central sample C, and scaled to the range of sample values ​​of the content:

[0181] The bias term B can represent a scalar offset between the input and output. The bias term B can be set to an intermediate brightness value (e.g., 512 for 10-bit content).

[0182] Filtered modes can be used as additional modes for non-merging IBC blocks. Filtered modes may not be used with IBC-LIC, IBC-CIIP, or RR-IBC. Filtered modes can be inherited (e.g., for IBC merge modes), for example, when constructing a merge mode list. The mode flag can be signaled before the IBC-LIC flag.

[0183] In intra-frame coding, for example, if / when using block vector-based prediction, predictions can be generated by copying pixels from a reference block (e.g., specified by the block vector) to the current block. Intra-frame coding employing block vector-based prediction can be modified (e.g., further) such as filtering, LIC, fusion of multiple candidates, and / or sub-pixel compensation. The resulting predictions may have (e.g., some) values ​​that may not be limited to the current block range, which could lead to outliers, thus constituting erroneous predictions with high residuals that need to be signaled.

[0184] The predicted signal can (e.g., typically) be clipped to the minimum and maximum values ​​(min / max or min, max) of a supported pixel range, which can be defined by the bit depth used. For example, for 10-bit encoding, the clipping can be between zero (0) and 1023.

[0185] Predictions can be adaptively limited, for example, based on a reconstruction template. Template-based limiting of block vector-based intra-predictions can help ensure that extreme values ​​generated by the prediction are within the correct range, which can be (in particular) useful if the prediction is modified or when the prediction is modified (e.g., through additional processes such as filtering, LIC, fusion, and / or subpixel compensation).

[0186] For example, predictions generated by a special mode of extrapolation-based intra-prediction (EIP) can be bounded to the minimum and maximum values ​​of a reference sample of the intra-block. The reference sample can be reconstructed pixels around the current block that can be used to generate the intra-prediction.

[0187] Limiting can be performed relative to the current template (e.g., as...). Figure 9 (As shown in Example 900). For example, through a clipping operation, a prediction generated by a block vector-based prediction (e.g., intra-frame TMP, IBC) can be modified to (e.g., two) extreme values. These (e.g., two) extreme values ​​may correspond to the maximum and minimum values ​​of the current template of the block and / or the predicted block. In the example, reconstructed values ​​around the current block can be used to find the minimum and maximum values ​​(e.g., as shown in Example 900). Figure 9 (As shown in 912). An example of clipping based on the current template for intra-frame TMP is shown in... Figure 9 As shown in the image. Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating an example of clipping based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of a current template is provided. At 902, the device may determine, for example, that intra-frame TMP is enabled for the current video block in the frame. At 904, the device may determine the template of the current video block. At 912, the device may determine the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of a range of sample values ​​based on the template of the current video block. At 908, the device may predict the current video block, for example, using template matching (e.g., as shown at 906). At 910, the device may perform clipping on the predicted current video block based on the range of sample values.

[0188] Limiting can be restricted to situations where the prediction is modified (such as by filtering, LIC, fusion and / or subpixel compensation operations).

[0189] For example, amplitude limiting can be performed based on a reference template (e.g., such as...) Figure 10(As shown in Example 1000). It can be based on the reference value of the block vector (e.g., the reference value defined by the block vector) (e.g., as shown in Example 1000). Figure 10 Limiting is performed (as shown in 1008 and / or 1010 in the template), for example, instead of limiting based on the current template. Limiting based on a reference value of the block vector can be performed for (e.g., each) predictor (e.g., as shown in the template). Figure 10 (as shown in 1008 and / or 1010), for example, in the case of multiple predictor fusion. The block vector can, for example, point to coordinates x, y in the reconstructed region. The reference template can be obtained from reconstructed samples surrounding a block defined by coordinates x, y. Extreme values ​​(e.g., min, max) of the reference template can be found, for example, as in... Figure 10 As shown at position 1008 in the diagram. The prediction generated from the block vector can be appropriately limited, for example, as... Figure 10 As shown at position 1010 in the image. An example of amplitude limiting based on a reference template is shown in... Figure 10 As shown in the image. Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating an example of clipping based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of a reference template is provided. At 1002, the device may determine, for example, to enable intra-frame TMP for the current video block in the frame. The device may determine the template of the current video block at 1004, and / or determine one or more prediction blocks, for example, using template matching as shown at 1006. The device may determine a first prediction block of the current video block in the same frame as the frame including the current video block. The device may determine a second prediction block of the current video block in the same frame as the frame including the current video block. At 1008, the device may determine, for example, based on the template of the first prediction block of the current video block, the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of a first sample value range, and / or may determine, for example, based on the template of the second prediction block of the current video block, the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of a second sample value range. At 1010, the device may perform clipping operation on the first prediction block based on the first sample value range and / or perform clipping operation on the second prediction block based on the second sample value range. At 1012, the device can predict the current video block based on the first prediction block and / or the second prediction block (e.g., by determining a simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block).

[0190] Bandwidth limiting can be applied, for example, based on the current template and a reference template, such as... Figure 11 Example 1100 illustrates this. For example, for the fusion of predictions from multiple block vectors, multiple (e.g., two) clipping operations can be considered. First, (e.g., in...) Figure 11As shown at 1108 and 1110 in the diagram, clipping can be performed on each prediction obtained from (e.g., each) block vector, for example, according to its reference template. Secondly, clipping can be further performed on the final prediction produced by the fusion operation, for example, according to the extreme values ​​of the current template (e.g., in cases where...). Figure 11 (As shown at points 1114 and 1116 in the text). An example of amplitude limiting based on the current template and the reference template is shown in... Figure 11 As shown in the image.

[0191] Figure 11 An example of clipping based on the maximum and minimum values ​​of a current template and a reference template is shown. At 1102, the device may determine, for example, to enable intra-frame TMP for the current video block in the frame. The device may determine the template of the current video block at 1104, and / or determine one or more prediction blocks, for example, using template matching as shown at 1106. At 1116, the device may determine the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of a range of sample values ​​based on the template of the current video block. The device may determine a first prediction block of the current video block in the same frame as the frame that includes the current video block. The device may determine a second prediction block of the current video block in the same frame as the frame that includes the current video block. At 1108, the device may determine the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of a first range of sample values, for example, based on the template of the first prediction block of the current video block, and / or may determine the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of a second range of sample values, for example, based on the template of the second prediction block of the current video block. At 1110, the device can perform a clipping operation on the first prediction block based on the first sample value range, and / or perform a clipping operation on the second prediction block based on the second sample value range. At 1112, the device can predict the current video block based on the first prediction block and / or the second prediction block (e.g., by determining a simple average or weighted average of the first and second prediction blocks). At 1114, the predicted current video block can be clipped, for example by performing a clipping operation based on the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the sample value range determined at 1116.

[0192] Limiting can be based on values ​​other than the minimum and maximum values. In some examples, limiting the limit to the extreme values ​​of the template may be overly conservative. There may be one or more (e.g., some) useful predictions outside the range of the minimum and maximum values ​​of the template that may be unnecessarily limited. The limiting value can be modified, for example, to allow for a greater variety of values ​​in the predicted signal.

[0193] For example, the limiting range can be increased by adding / subtracting a constant, and the minimum and maximum values ​​obtained from the current and / or reference templates can be modified. For example, the minimum value (min) can be decreased to (min-a) and / or the maximum value (max) can be increased to (max+b).

[0194] For example, for multiple (e.g., all) blocks, the values ​​of "a" and "b" can be constants, such as a=10 and b=20. In some examples, the values ​​of "a" and "b" can be variable. For example, the template can be analyzed to determine the values ​​of "a" and "b". For example, if the template is smooth, the values ​​of "a" and "b" can be small. For example, if the template has a complex structure, larger values ​​of "a" and "b" can be used. A smooth template may indicate blocks that are relatively easy to predict. Template extreme values ​​can be correlated with the extreme values ​​of the current block.

[0195] Smoothness can be measured, for example, to determine the values ​​of "a" and "b". In some examples, variance or standard deviation can be used to measure the smoothness of the template. The value of variance or standard deviation can be compared to a threshold. For example, if the value of variance or standard deviation exceeds a threshold, the template can be considered a non-smooth template.

[0196] The decoder can determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the sample value set based on the template of the current video block and / or based on the template of the predicted block of the current video block, and / or limit the prediction based on the determined sample value set (e.g., based on the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the determined sample value set). Decoding tools and techniques include, for example, one or more of entropy decoding, inverse quantization, inverse transform, and differential decoding (e.g., such as...). Figure 3As shown, these decoding tools and techniques can be used to implement one or more of the examples described herein in a decoder. For example, these decoding tools and techniques can be used to implement one or more of the following: determining that intra-frame TMP is enabled for the current video block in the frame; obtaining a template for the current video block; determining a minimum and maximum value of a first sample value range based on the template of the current video block; predicting the current video block; performing a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first sample value range; decoding the frame based on the predicted current video block; for different video blocks (e.g., a second video block), obtaining a first predicted block of the second video block in the frame (e.g., in the same frame); obtaining a second predicted block of the second video block (e.g., in the same frame); and based on the template of the first predicted block of the second video block... The template determines the minimum and maximum values ​​of a second sample value range, and / or performs a clipping operation on the first prediction block based on the second sample value range; it determines the minimum and maximum values ​​of a third sample value range based on the template of the second prediction block of the second video block, and / or performs a clipping operation on the second prediction block based on the third sample value range; it predicts a second video block based on the first and second prediction blocks of the second video block; it determines a simple average or weighted average of the first and second prediction blocks of the second video block, and / or predicts a second video block based on the simple average or weighted average of the first and second prediction blocks of the second video block; for different video blocks (e.g., the second video block in a frame), it determines the template of the second video block in that frame. The template; determines the minimum and maximum values ​​of the sample value range based on the template of the second video block, and / or performs a clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on the sample value range; modifies (e.g., based on the template) the sample value range by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values ​​of the sample value range, and / or performs a clipping operation on the predicted video block based on the modified sample value range; modifies the sample value range by subtracting a first predetermined value from the minimum value of the sample value range and / or adding a second predetermined value to the maximum value of the sample value range; determines at least one of a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value based on the template of the current video block, which includes multiple reference samples of the current video block; determines multiple reference samples of the template of the current video block. Whether the variance parameter associated with the sample is greater than a predetermined variance value; determining at least one of a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value based on whether the variance parameter associated with multiple reference samples of the template of the current video block is greater than the predetermined variance value; determining at least one of the first predetermined value and a second predetermined value based on the template of the predicted block of the current video block; determining whether the variance parameter associated with multiple reference samples of the predicted block of the current video block is greater than the predetermined variance value; determining at least one of the first predetermined value and a second predetermined value based on whether the variance parameter associated with multiple reference samples of the predicted block of the current video block is greater than the predetermined variance value; predicting the current video block using template matching or using the block vector associated with the current video block;After the clipping operation as described in one or more examples in this document, the image is decoded; it is checked whether the predicted sample value of the current video block is outside the sample value range, and if the predicted sample value of the current video block is outside the sample value range, the predicted sample value of the current video block is modified according to the sample value range; before performing the clipping operation on the predicted current video block, one or more of IBC filtering, LIC, and subpixel prediction are used to predict the current video block, etc.

[0197] The encoder can determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the sample value set based on the template of the current video block and / or the template of the predicted block based on the current video block, and / or limit the prediction based on the determined sample value set (e.g., based on the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the determined sample value set). Encoding tools and techniques including one or more of quantization, entropy coding, inverse quantization, inverse transform, and differential coding (e.g., such as...) Figure 2As shown, these encoding tools and techniques can be used to implement one or more of the examples described herein in an encoder. For example, these encoding tools and techniques can be used to achieve one or more of the following: determining that intra-frame TMP is enabled for the current video block in the frame; obtaining a template for the current video block; determining a minimum and maximum value of a first sample value range based on the template of the current video block; predicting the current video block; performing a first clipping operation on the predicted current video block based on the first sample value range; encoding the frame based on the predicted current video block; for different video blocks (e.g., a second video block), obtaining a first predicted block of the second video block in the frame (e.g., in the same frame); obtaining a second predicted block of the second video block (e.g., in the same frame); and encoding the frame based on the template of the first predicted block of the second video block. The template determines the minimum and maximum values ​​of a second sample value range, and / or performs a clipping operation on the first prediction block based on the second sample value range; it determines the minimum and maximum values ​​of a third sample value range based on the template of the second prediction block of the second video block, and / or performs a clipping operation on the second prediction block based on the third sample value range; it predicts a second video block based on the first and second prediction blocks of the second video block; it determines a simple average or weighted average of the first and second prediction blocks of the second video block, and / or predicts a second video block based on the simple average or weighted average of the first and second prediction blocks of the second video block; for different video blocks (e.g., the second video block in the frame), it determines a template for the second video block in the frame. The process involves: determining the minimum and maximum values ​​of a sample value range based on a template of the second video block, and / or performing a clipping operation on the predicted second video block based on the sample value range; modifying (e.g., based on the template) the sample value range by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values ​​of the sample value range, and / or performing a clipping operation on the predicted video block based on the modified sample value range; modifying the sample value range by subtracting a first predetermined value from the minimum value of the sample value range and / or adding a second predetermined value to the maximum value of the sample value range; determining at least one of a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value based on a template of the current video block, which includes multiple reference samples of the current video block; and determining multiple reference samples related to the template of the current video block. Whether the associated variance parameter is greater than a predetermined variance value; determining whether the variance parameter associated with multiple reference samples of the template of the current video block is greater than a predetermined variance value, and determining at least one of a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value; determining at least one of a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value based on the template of the predicted block of the current video block; determining whether the variance parameter associated with multiple reference samples of the predicted block of the current video block is greater than a predetermined variance value; determining whether the variance parameter associated with multiple reference samples of the predicted block of the current video block is greater than a predetermined variance value, and determining at least one of a first predetermined value and a second predetermined value; predicting the current video block using template matching or using the block vector associated with the current video block;The image is encoded after a clipping operation as described in one or more examples herein; the sample value of the predicted current video block is checked to see if it is outside the sample value range, and if so, the sample value of the predicted current video block is modified according to the sample value range; before performing clipping on the predicted current video block, one or more of IBC filtering, LIC, and subpixel prediction are used to predict the current video block, etc.

[0198] Although the features and elements have been described above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. Furthermore, the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM discs and digital multifunction discs (DVDs)). The processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. A device for video decoding, comprising: The processor is configured as follows: It has been determined that intra-frame template matching prediction (intra-frame TMP) is enabled for the current video block in the frame. Obtain the template of the current video block; Based on the template of the current video block, determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the first sample value range; Predict the current video block; A first clipping operation is performed on the predicted current video block based on the first sample value range; as well as The image is decoded based on the predicted current video block.

2. A device for video encoding, comprising: The processor is configured as follows: It has been determined that intra-frame template matching prediction (intra-frame TMP) is enabled for the current video block in the frame. Obtain the template of the current video block; Based on the template of the current video block, determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the first sample value range; Predict the current video block; A first clipping operation is performed on the predicted current video block based on the first sample value range; as well as The image is encoded based on the predicted current video block.

3. The device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the current video block is a first video block, and the processor is further configured to: Obtain a first prediction block of a second video block in the frame, wherein the first prediction block is in the frame; Obtain a second prediction block of the second video block, wherein the second prediction block is in the frame; A second clipping operation is performed on the first prediction block based on a second sample value range, wherein the second sample value range includes the minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on the template of the first prediction block of the second video block; A third clipping operation is performed on the second prediction block based on a third sample value range, wherein the third sample value range includes the minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on the template of the second prediction block of the second video block; and Based on the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block, predict the second video block.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block, wherein the second video block is predicted based on the simple average or weighted average of the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block.

5. The device according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to: Determine the template of the second video block in the image; and A fourth clipping operation is performed on the predicted second video block based on a fourth range of sample values, wherein the fourth range of sample values ​​includes the minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on a template of the second video block.

6. The device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the current video block is a first video block, and the processor is further configured to: Based on the template of the second video block, determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the second sample value range; The second sample value range is modified by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values ​​of the second sample value range; Predict the second video block; as well as A second clipping operation is performed on the predicted second video block based on the modified range of second sample values.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the second sample value range is modified by: subtracting a first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range, adding a second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range, and subtracting the first predetermined value from the minimum value of the second sample value range and adding the second predetermined value to the maximum value of the second sample value range.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value is determined based on the template of the second video block, wherein the template of the second video block includes a plurality of reference samples of the second video block, and wherein the processor is further configured to: Determine whether the variance parameter associated with the plurality of reference samples of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value; and Based on the determination of whether the variance parameter associated with the plurality of reference samples of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value is determined.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value is determined based on a template of a prediction block of the second video block, wherein the template of the prediction block of the second video block includes a plurality of reference samples, and wherein the processor is further configured to: Determine whether the variance parameter associated with the plurality of reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than a predetermined variance value; and Based on the determination of whether the variance parameter associated with the plurality of reference samples of the prediction block of the second video block is greater than the predetermined variance value, at least one of the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value is determined.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the current video block is predicted using template matching or using a block vector associated with the current video block, and wherein the frame is decoded after the first clipping operation is performed on the predicted current video block, and wherein the first clipping operation includes: Check whether the predicted sample value of the current video block is outside the range of the first sample value, and If the predicted sample value of the current video block is not within the range of the first sample value, the predicted sample value of the current video block is modified according to the range of the first sample value.

11. The device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, Before performing the first clipping operation on the predicted current video block, the current video block is predicted using one or more of intra-block copy (IBC) filtering, local illumination compensation (LIC), and subpixel prediction.

12. A method for video decoding, comprising: It has been determined that intra-frame template matching prediction (intra-frame TMP) is enabled for the current video block in the frame. Obtain the template of the current video block; Based on the template of the current video block, determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the first sample value range; Predict the current video block; A first clipping operation is performed on the predicted current video block based on the first sample value range; as well as The image is decoded based on the predicted current video block.

13. A method for video encoding, comprising: It has been determined that intra-frame template matching prediction (intra-frame TMP) is enabled for the current video block in the frame. Obtain the template of the current video block; Based on the template of the current video block, determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the first sample value range; Predict the current video block; A first clipping operation is performed on the predicted current video block based on the first sample value range; as well as The image is encoded based on the predicted current video block.

14. The method of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the current video block is a first video block, and the method further comprises: Obtain a first prediction block of a second video block in the frame, wherein the first prediction block is in the frame; Obtain a second prediction block of the second video block, wherein the second prediction block is in the frame; A second clipping operation is performed on the first prediction block based on a second sample value range, wherein the second sample value range includes the minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on the template of the first prediction block of the second video block; A third clipping operation is performed on the second prediction block based on a third sample value range, wherein the third sample value range includes the minimum and maximum values ​​determined based on the template of the second prediction block of the second video block; and Based on the first prediction block and the second prediction block of the second video block, predict the second video block.

15. The method of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the current video block is a first video block, and the method further comprises: Based on the template of the second video block, determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the second sample value range; The second sample value range is modified by modifying at least one of the minimum and maximum values ​​of the second sample value range; Predict the second video block; as well as A second clipping operation is performed on the predicted second video block based on the modified range of second sample values.

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