Terminal and communication method

Abstract

A terminal has a control section that assumes, in a NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) based on TDD (Time division duplex), that the length of a radio frame and the length of a guard period are set to values longer than in a TN (Terrestrial Network), and a communication section that, in the radio frame, transmits an uplink at any timing of the guard period after downlink reception or after the guard period has elapsed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to terminals and communication methods in wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), which is the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being researched to meet the requirements of high-capacity systems, high-speed data transmission, low latency, simultaneous connection of multiple terminals, low cost, and power saving (e.g., Non-Patent Literature 1).

[0003] In addition, NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) is currently under research. NTN uses non-terrestrial networks such as satellites to provide services to areas that are mainly inaccessible to terrestrial 5G networks due to cost constraints (e.g., non-patent literature 2 and non-patent literature 3).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.0.0 (2023-12)

[0007] Non-patent literature 2: 3GPP TR 38.821 V16.2.0 (2023-03)

[0008] Non-Patent Literature 3: Konishi et al., “A Study Related to Downlink Frequency Sharing in HAPS Mobile Communication Systems”, China Electronics and Information Communication Society General Conference, B-17-1, 2020

[0009] Non-patent document 4: 3GPP TS 38.211 V18.1.0 (2023-12)

[0010] Non-patent document 5: 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, RP-234078, December 2023

[0011] Non-patent document 6: 3GPP TS 38.101-5 V18.4.0 (2023-12)

[0012] Non-patent document 7: 3GPP TS 38.213 V18.1.0 (2023-12)

[0013] Non-patent document 8: 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.0.0 (2023-12) Summary of the Invention

[0014] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0015] As the current duplexing method in NTN, FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) is generally used. On the other hand, by using TDD (Time Division Duplex), it is possible to easily handle asymmetric traffic loads on the uplink and downlink, using only one frequency band for both uplink and downlink. However, in NTN environments with large RTT (Round-Trip Time), TDD requires a large GP (Guard Period), thus necessitating the specification of a new frame structure.

[0016] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to use TDD (Time Division Duplex) in NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environments.

[0017] Methods for solving problems

[0018] According to the disclosed technology, a terminal is provided, comprising: a control unit that envisions setting the length of the radio frame and the length of the protection period to be longer than those of the TN (Terrestrial Network) in a TDD (Time Division Duplex) based NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network); and a communication unit that transmits an uplink in the radio frame, after downlink reception, at any time during the protection period or after the protection period has elapsed.

[0019] The effects of the invention

[0020] According to the disclosed technology, TDD (Time Division Duplex) can be used in NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing an example (1) of NTN.

[0022] Figure 2 The diagram shows an example (2) of NTN.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing example (3) of NTN.

[0024] Figure 4 The diagram shows an example (4) of NTN.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing an example (5) of NTN.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the received frame structure (1).

[0027] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the received frame structure (2).

[0028] Figure 8 This is a diagram used to illustrate the propagation delay of NTN.

[0029] Figure 9 The figure shows an example (1) during the protection period.

[0030] Figure 10 The figure shows example (2) during the protection period.

[0031] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 or a terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiments described below are merely examples, and the application of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0040] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present invention, existing technologies are appropriately used. These existing technologies include, for example, existing LTE, but are not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning that includes LTE-Advanced and subsequent methods (e.g., NR).

[0041] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, the terms SS (Synchronization Signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in conventional LTE are used. These are for ease of description, and the same signals, functions, etc., can also be referred to by other names. In addition, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, NR-PDCCH, NR-PDSCH, NR-PUCCH, and NR-PUSCH, respectively. However, even signals used for NR are not necessarily explicitly labeled as "NR-".

[0042] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the duplex mode can be TDD (Time Division Duplex), FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), or other modes (e.g., Flexible Duplex).

[0043] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the “configure” wireless parameters can be pre-configured predetermined values ​​or wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of NTN. NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) refers to a network that uses non-terrestrial devices such as satellites to provide services to areas that are primarily inaccessible to terrestrial 5G networks due to cost constraints. Furthermore, NTN enables the provision of more reliable services. For example, it is envisioned for applications in IoT (Internet of Things), ships, buses, trains, and critical communications. Additionally, NTN offers scalability based on efficient multicast or broadcast.

[0045] As an example of NTN, such as Figure 1 As shown, satellite 10A can retransmit signals sent from ground base station 10B and can provide services to areas such as mountainous regions where no ground base stations are deployed.

[0046] Alternatively, a terrestrial 5G network can also have the structure described below. A terrestrial 5G network includes one or more base stations 10 and terminals 20. Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and wirelessly communicates with terminals 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time and frequency domains; the time domain can be defined by the number of OFDM symbols, and the frequency domain can be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. Base station 10 sends synchronization signals and system information to terminal 20. Synchronization signals are, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. System information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH, also known as broadcast information.

[0047] Base station 10 sends control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of beamforming for signal transmission and reception. Furthermore, both base station 10 and terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) based communication to DL or UL. Additionally, base station 10 and terminal 20 can also communicate via CA (Carrier Aggregation) based SCell (Secondary Cell) and PCell (Primary Cell).

[0048] Terminal 20 is a communication device with wireless communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, tablet computer, wearable terminal, or M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. Terminal 20 receives control signals or data from base station 10 via DL and sends control signals or data to base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of an NTN. The area of ​​each cell or beam in an NTN is much wider compared to a terrestrial network (TN). Figure 2 This illustrates an example of an NTN structure formed through satellite retransmission. The connection between satellite 10A and NTN gateway 10B is called a feeder link, and the connection between satellite 10A and UE20 is called a service link.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the differential delay between the near-side UE20A and the far-side UE20B is, for example, 10.3 ms in the case of GEO (Geosynchronous orbit) and 3.2 ms in the case of LEO (Low Earth orbit). Additionally, the beam size in the NTN is, for example, 3500 km in the case of GEO and 1000 km in the case of LEO.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating example (3) of NTN. For example... Figure 3 As shown, NTN is realized by satellites in space or flying objects in the air. For example, a satellite in GEO can be a satellite in a geostationary orbit at an altitude of 35,786 km. For example, a satellite in LEO can be a satellite in an orbit at an altitude of 500-2000 km with a period of 88-127 minutes. For example, HAPS (High Altitude Platform Station) can be a flying object in a hovering flight at an altitude of 8-50 km.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, and HAPS spacecraft can connect to ground station gNBs via gateways. Furthermore, the service area can be expanded in the order of HAPS, LEO, and GEO.

[0053] For example, NTN can extend the coverage of 5G networks to non-service areas or service areas. Additionally, NTN can improve the continuity, availability, and reliability of services in ships, buses, trains, or other critical communications. Furthermore, NTN can be notified by sending dedicated parameters to terminal 20; these dedicated parameters may be, for example, parameters related to the determination of Timing Advance (TA) based on satellite or airborne information.

[0054] Figure 4 The figure shows an example (4) of NTN. Figure 4 This illustrates an example of an NTN network architecture conceived as a transparent payload. Figure 4 As shown, the Core Network (CN) 10D, gNB 10C, and gateway 10B are interconnected. Gateway 10B is connected to satellite 10A via a feeder link. Satellite 10A is connected to terminal 20A or VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) 20B via a service link. NR Uu is established between gNB 10C and terminal 20A or VSAT 20B.

[0055] Furthermore, the network architecture of NTN can employ either FDD or TDD. Additionally, the terrestrial cells can be fixed or mobile. Furthermore, terminal 20 can have GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) support capabilities. For example, a power level 3 handheld device can be envisioned in FR1. Additionally, VSAT devices can be envisioned at least in FR2.

[0056] Furthermore, the NTN network architecture can also envision regenerative payloads. For example, gNB functionality could be carried on satellites or spacecraft. Alternatively, gNB-DU could be carried on a satellite or spacecraft, while gNB-CU could be configured as a ground station.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating example (5) of NTN. For example... Figure 5As shown, the TA in the NTN includes a common TA corresponding to the distance from satellite / HAPS10A to the reference point (RP) in the feeder link, and a UE-specific TA corresponding to the distance from satellite / HAPS10A to UE20 in the serving link. The TA of the serving link is the UE-specific TA, which varies depending on the location of UE20. Additionally, the feeder link includes a user-transparent delay corresponding to the distance from the reference point to gNB / gateway 10B.

[0058] The reference point used for UL synchronization can be determined based on the network implementation. For example, the reference point can be any location on a satellite, gNB, GW, or feeder link. In a gNB or GW, for ease of implementation, the time domains of DL and UL can be consistent. In a satellite, to reduce UE load, UE actions related to common TA can be omitted.

[0059] For example, the TA in NTN can be calculated by TTA = (NTA + NTA, UE-specific + NTA, common + NTA, offset) × TC (refer to Non-Patent Literature 4).

[0060] The NTA is 0 in the case of PRACH and is notified via TA commands based on MAC-CE (Medium Access Control-ControlElement). The NTA can be a closed-loop TA.

[0061] NTA, UE-specific, is the TA inherent to the UE. NTA, UE-specific, can be a value estimated by the UE within its own device to compensate for service link latency in advance. NTA, UE-specific, is calculated based on the UE's location and the celestial positions of serving satellites.

[0062] NTA, common is the public TA controlled by the network. Hereinafter, NTA, common will also be referred to as the public TA. For example, a value of 0 is supported when the reference point is a satellite. NTA, offset can also be a fixed value used in TA calculations as specified in the specification.

[0063] Downlink coverage extension in NTN is being investigated (see Non-Patent Document 5). Furthermore, considering NTN deployment constraints such as payload power limitations, large satellite footprint, and limited feeder link bandwidth, optimized performance is being provided for downlink coverage, particularly when addressing handheld terminals (including smartphones with -5.5dBi antenna gain).

[0064] DL coverage extension is necessary to address satellite payload constraints, which refer to the inability, due to limited power and limited feeder link bandwidth, to activate all beams at a "nominal" EIRP density (see Section 6.1.1 of Non-Patent Document 2) at a given time. DL coverage extension maximizes the number of beams that can be activated simultaneously, ensuring service to all user terminals within the satellite footprint. It also ensures that all satellite radio cells continue to exist even without service, allowing new users to join or preventing impacts on end-user QoS.

[0065] DL coverage extension can be considered at the link level, improving the link margin of the selected physical channels to cope with the reduction of EIRP in FR1-NTN. The improvement of link margin for physical channels (e.g., PDSCH and PDCCH) can be considered without affecting the SSB design.

[0066] In addition, DL coverage extension takes system-level considerations to support efficient, dynamic, and flexible power sharing between beams or different beam patterns / sizes (i.e., wide or narrow) within the satellite footprint for FR1-NTN and FR2-NTN.

[0067] A beneficial downlink coverage extension is being investigated, aimed at supporting additional reference satellite payload parameters for both GSO (Geostationary orbit) and NGSO (non-Geostationary orbit) constellations operating in FR1-NTN or FR2-NTN.

[0068] The additional reference satellite payload parameters are defined by the assumption of power sharing between satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns / sizes (i.e., wide or narrow) within the satellite footprint. According to these parameters, the satellite beams may not all be activated simultaneously, or may be activated at a level less than the nominal EIRP density of each satellite beam (see Section 6.1.1 of Non-Patent Document 2) due to limited power and limited feeder link bandwidth.

[0069] Defining associated KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) for corresponding power sharing concepts, required link-level and system-level evaluation methods, and coverage evaluation makes it possible to identify the need for extended physical channel / signal and system-level approaches.

[0070] The research includes solutions for link-level extensions (e.g., for PDCCH, PDSCH) for FR1-NTN and / or system-level extensions for FR1-NTN and / or FR2-NTN, determined as needed, enabling dynamic and flexible power sharing between different satellite beam patterns / sizes (i.e., wide or narrow) between satellite beams or within the satellite footprint.

[0071] For example, SSB channel enhancement is not considered. For example, in FR1-NTN, in the case of a smartphone, the terminal's antenna gain is assumed to be -5.5 dBi, and the terminal is assumed to be a full-duplex terminal, with at least 2Rx considered in the terminal. For example, the preferred NGSO could be LEO Set-1@600 km. For example, Rel-18 network power saving techniques should be considered a baseline in system-level studies.

[0072] In NTN, SIB reception based on existing NR specifications sometimes fails to provide sufficient BLER (Block Error Rate) performance, thus necessitating the introduction of extensions to expand the coverage of SIB1. For example, coverage extensions for SIB1, SIB19, SIB25, SIB6, SIB7, or any other SIB can be introduced.

[0073] For example, the LLS results related to the PDSCH SIB1 coverage evaluation collected from different sources are as follows.

[0074] With PDSCH carrying SIB1 Option 1 (800-bit payload), the required SNR (Signal to noise ratio) was observed to be -5.8 dB on average (14 sources).

[0075] With PDSCH carrying SIB1 Option 2 (payload size 1280 bits), the required average SNR observed was -3.4 dB (12 sources).

[0076] At parameters LEO600km, Set1-1FR1, and 1-2FR1, 14 sources observed no coverage gaps for PDSCHs with SIB1 option 1. The coverage margin averaged approximately 3.9 dB compared to a CNR of -1.9 dB. At 12 sources, no coverage gaps were observed for PDSCHs with SIB1 option 2. The coverage margin averaged approximately 1.5 dB compared to a CNR of -1.9 dB.

[0077] At parameters LEO600km and Set1-3FR1, 11 sources observed coverage gaps for PDSCHs with SIB1 option 1. The average coverage gap was approximately 4.1 dB compared to a CNR of -9.9 dB. One source observed no coverage gaps for PDSCHs with SIB1 option 1. The coverage margin was 3.4 dB compared to a CNR of -9.9 dB. Ten sources observed coverage gaps for PDSCHs with SIB1 option 2. The average coverage gap was approximately 6.5 dB compared to a CNR of -9.9 dB.

[0078] Additionally, some results assume a combination of SIB1 (SIB1 repeats within 160ms), while others do not. Furthermore, these results were obtained independently of the performance of other channels or signals and do not imply successful reception of other channels or signals before or after detecting the PDSCH carrying SIB1.

[0079] The following are LLS results related to PDSCH SIB19 coverage evaluation collected from different sources.

[0080] The average SNR required for a PDSCH carrying SIB19 was observed to be -6.9 dB (14 sources). In parameters LEO600km, Set1-1FR1, and 1-2FR1, 12 sources observed no coverage gaps for PDSCHs with SIB19. The coverage margin was approximately 4.2 dB on average compared to a CNR of -1.9 dB. In parameters LEO600km and Set1-3FR1, 10 sources observed coverage gaps for PDSCHs with SIB19. The coverage gap was approximately 3.5 dB on average compared to a CNR of -9.9 dB.

[0081] Furthermore, the above results do not assume any combination of SIB19 signals. Additionally, these results were obtained independently of the performance of other channels or signals and do not imply successful reception of other channels or signals before or after detecting a PDSCH carrying SIB19.

[0082] Currently, in NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network), FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) is generally used. For example, in 3GPP (registered trademark) NR NTN (refer to Non-Patent Document 6), the operating frequency band n256 for FDD is defined as UL (Upper Length) of 1980MHz-2010MHz and DL (Lower Length) of 2170MHz-2200MHz. Furthermore, in the operating frequency band n255 for FDD, UL is defined as 1626.5MHz-1660.5MHz and DL is defined as 1525MHz-2200MHz. Additionally, in the operating frequency band n254 for FDD, UL is defined as 1610MHz-1626.5MHz and DL is defined as 2483.5MHz-2500MHz.

[0083] NR considers TDD mode to be the primary duplex mode, supporting FDD mode only in a few frequency bands used for FR1. Radio frames are fixed at 10ms. Subframes are fixed at 1ms. Time slots are defined as 14 OFDM symbols.

[0084] The parameter set (numerology) and CP length determine the temporal characteristics of OFDM symbols and the frequency characteristics of PRB.

[0085] The parameter set is specified as μ=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The SCS and the duration of the symbol or time slot vary along with the parameter set.

[0086] Regarding CP length, the standard CP length is 14 symbols per time slot, while the extended CP length is 12 symbols per time slot. The extended CP length is only supported by the 60kHz SCS.

[0087] Table 1 shows examples of CP length, parameter set, SCS, OFDM symbol length, CP length, and slot length in NR.

[0088] [Table 1]

[0089] The UL-DL transmission mode determines the UL-DL transmission period, the DL time slots, DL symbols, flexible symbols, UL symbols, and the number of UL time slots within each period. A maximum of two different UL-DL transmission modes (Mode 1 and Mode 2) are supported simultaneously.

[0090] Reference SCS settings μ ref The same applies to both modes. Refer to the SCS settings for μ. ref SCS configuration μ less than or equal to any set DL BWP or UL BWP.

[0091] In Mode 1 / Mode 2, set the following parameters.

[0092] During the time slot setting period, P and P2, as well as different μ values, ref Relative to a given μ ref A set with distinct values ​​for P and P2. Periods P and P2 must contain an integer number of time slots. The minimum value of P and P2 is more than one time slot length. The maximum value of P and P2 is less than one frame length.

[0093] In each cycle, OFDM symbols are set in the order of DL-Flex-UL.

[0094] ·Number of time slots d slots / d slots，2 The number of DL slots is set based on the high-level parameter nrofDownlinkSlots (refer to Non-Patent Document 7).

[0095] ·Number of time slots u slots / u slots，2 The number of UL slots is set based on the high-level parameter nrofUplinkSlots (refer to non-patent document 7).

[0096] ·DL code element number d symbols / d symbols，2 The number of DL symbols is set based on the high-level parameter nrofDownlinkSymbols (see Non-Patent Document 7).

[0097] ·UL code element number u symbols / u symbols，2 The number of UL symbols is set based on the high-level parameter nrofUplinkSymbols (see Non-Patent Document 7).

[0098] d slots / d slots，2 and u slots / u slots，2 The value is 0, 1, 2, ..., maxNorfslots. maxNorfslots is 320. d symbols / d symbols，2 and u symbols / u symbols，2 The value is 0, 1, 2, ..., maxNorfslymbols-1. maxNorfslymbols is 14 in the normal CP and 12 in the extended CP.

[0099] Table 2 shows the support cycles for P or P2.

[0100] [Table 2]

[0101] As shown in Table 2, SCS supports different periods for P or P2.

[0102] When the UE is configured with two UL-DL transmission modes, the time slot format of each time slot in the first time slot range is represented by mode 1, and the time slot format of each time slot in the second time slot range is represented by mode 2.

[0103] The time slot setting period (msec) of (P+P2) includes the first S=P×2^μ ref Each time slot and the second S2=P2×2^μ ref One time slot. The following will be recorded before / corresponding to P, and after / corresponding to P2.

[0104] S-slot and S2 time slot include the first d slots / d slots，2 DL time slot and the last u slots / u slots，2 UL time slot. DL symbol d symbols / d symbols，2 Configured in the initial DL slot d slots / d slots，2 After that. UL code element u symbols / u symbols，2 Configured in the final UL time slot u slots / u slots，2 Previously. Flexible code (Sd slots -u slots )×N symb slot -d symbols -u symbols / (S2-d) slots ,2-u slots，2 )×N symb slot -d symbols，2 -u symbols，2 It is included in the S / S2 time slot.

[0105] The UE assumes that P or P+P2 is divisible by 20 milliseconds. The UE assumes that the start symbol of each 20 / P or 20 / (P+P2) period is the start symbol in an even-numbered frame.

[0106] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the received frame structure (1). Figure 6 This is an example of a frame structure that only supports mode 1. slots =3, u slots =1, and the total number of time slots of P during this period is S=5.

[0107] Figure 7This is a diagram illustrating an example of the received frame structure (2). Figure 7 This is an example of a frame structure that supports both Mode 1 and Mode 2. slots，2 =2, u slots，2 =2, and the total number of time slots in P2 during this period is S2=5.

[0108] The time slot format determines the UL, DL, or flexible resource configuration within a single time slot (typically CP14 OFDM symbols, extended CP12 OFDM symbols). The time slot format informs how the symbols within a time slot are used. Within a given time slot, it defines which symbols are used for UL and which symbols are used for DL. Table 3 shows examples of typical CP time slot formats (see Non-Patent Document 7).

[0109] [Table 3]

[0110] The protection period is a gap set for the switching between UL and DL. The UL / DL transition time is defined by Non-Patent Document 4, which is 13.02 μs in FR1 and 7.01 μs in FR2. UEs without full-duplex capability are not intended to have a time interval longer than N from the last received final DL symbol. RX-TX T C Earlier UL transmission, or N from the final symbol of the last transmitted UL. TX-RX T C Earlier DL reception.

[0111] The duration of the protection period (GP) must meet the spatial propagation time (T). prop This includes the migration time required for changes between the defined ON / OFF power levels of the transmitter, the migration time required for transitions between transmit and receive modes, and the configuration of the cell phase synchronization error margin. From the lower-level perspective, during handover from DL to UL, a protection time, such as a protection symbol, is needed to avoid conflicts between DL reception and UL transmission. On the other hand, during handover from UL to DL, since DL and UL are synchronized due to timing advance, no protection time is required. Table 4 shows an example of the GP for each SCS.

[0112] [Table 4]

[0113] Previously, FDD-based satellite network communication was used for television broadcasting, SMS services, and other applications. Mobile phone Direct to Satellite Service (D2SS) is a hot topic in the industry. Currently, more and more satellite operators and terrestrial mobile operators are collaborating to implement D2SS.

[0114] On the other hand, among the main candidate spectrum bands for integrating TN and NTN in 6G, the primary duplex mode for TN systems is TDD mode. The advantages of TDD-based NTN for D2SS can be listed below.

[0115] The abundance of mobile applications leads to asymmetrical UL and DL service loads for D2SS. FDD mode with symmetrical UL / DL spectrum results in wasted spectrum resources. TDD mode can flexibly adjust the configuration of UL and DL time slots to follow the UL and DL service loads.

[0116] • Due to spectrum resource constraints, FDD mode requires a pair of UL and DL spectrums. On the other hand, TDD mode only requires one spectrum band for both UL and DL.

[0117] Regarding the hardware cost of mobile phones, FDD mode requires two sets of antennas, one for the transmitter and the other for the receiver, resulting in higher hardware costs. On the other hand, to reduce costs, TDD mode can be designed based on a single set of antennas used for both the transmitter and receiver via a duplexer or switching circuit.

[0118] As a problem with TDD-based NTN, in order to cover a wider coverage distance, considering the longer round-trip time (RTT), TDD-based NTN requires a larger GP (GP).

[0119] Figure 8 This is a diagram used to illustrate the propagation delay of NTN. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the propagation delays of HAPS and satellites are as follows.

[0120] For a HAPS height of 20km with a coverage radius of 50km, the transmission distance of the UE relative to the cell edge is 54km, which means the maximum RTT is 0.36ms.

[0121] For an LEO satellite with a coverage radius of 750km and an altitude of 600km, the transmission distance relative to the cell edge UE is 960km, which means the maximum RTT is 6.4ms.

[0122] The propagation delay is much greater than the GP delay of 13μs or 7μs in NR. With TN TDD reused, the ratio of DL to UL transmission time is only 1-64%=36%. Directly applying TN TDD in an NTN system leads to excessive GP overhead that reduces transmission efficiency.

[0123] Table 5 shows examples of the GP for each frame in HAPS and LEO with TN TDD applied.

[0124] [Table 5]

[0125] As shown in Table 5, in HAPS at an altitude of 20km, the GP overhead per frame is 4%, independent of SCS. In LEO at an altitude of 600km, the GP overhead per frame reaches 64%, independent of SCS.

[0126] As an existing method to reduce GP overhead, there is a method of setting a larger GP + larger TA. Similarly, the UE does not intend to compensate for differentials between common reference points, nor does it intend to compensate for the overall RTT. The common TA is defined and compensated by the network. UL timing advance (TA) can be performed using a differential TA method based on the common TA. In the case of satellites performing DL transmissions, UEs with a larger TA are able to transmit signals.

[0127] On the other hand, additional interference is generated between DL and UL on the UE side. GP overhead remains high, reaching 19% relative to a given setting with a 10ms frame length for NR.

[0128] In addition, one method to reduce GP overhead is to extend the frame length. This can be achieved by increasing the number of time slots within a frame. Other methods for extending the frame length also exist. It is necessary to investigate methods for updating the TDDUL-DL transmission mode and time slot format based on longer frame lengths.

[0129] NR NTN supports a public TA of 0-270ms (see Non-Patent Literature 8). For example, for... Figure 8 The coverage radius shown is 750km with an LEO satellite altitude of 600km. The transmission distance of the UE at the cell edge is 960km, which means the maximum RTT is 6.4ms.

[0130] Consider a 4ms common TA based on the minimum RTT selection of the central UE. The propagation delay difference is still much greater than the GP of 13μs or 7μs in NR. Table 6 shows the GP overhead per frame when applying the common TA and reusing TN TDD.

[0131] [Table 6]

[0132] As shown in Table 6, regardless of SCS, the ratio of DL and UL transmission time is only 1-24%=76%. Even when using a common TA, directly applying TN TDD in an NTN system will still result in excessive GP overhead and reduced transmission efficiency.

[0133] When NTN supports TDD mode, if the TDD design is reused from TN, the large GP overhead for TDD mode NTN, with or without common TA compensation, will lead to a reduction in transmission time ratio. To increase the transmission time ratio while maintaining compatibility with TN TDD, a frame structure needs to be designed for TDD mode NTN.

[0134] Therefore, in order to reduce GP overhead, the frame length can be increased based on TN TDD.

[0135] Figure 9 This is a diagram representing example (1) of the protection period. For example, as shown in... Figure 9 As shown, to increase the frame length, the number of subframes can be increased while keeping the subframe length constant. When the number of subframes is 20, the GP overhead is 32%; when the number of subframes is 30, the GP overhead is 21%; and when the number of subframes is 40, the GP overhead is 16%.

[0136] Figure 10 This is a diagram representing example (2) of the protection period. For example, as shown in... Figure 10 As shown, the subframe length can also be increased by increasing the number of time slots or the time slot length, thus increasing the frame length while keeping the number of subframes constant. When the subframe length is doubled, the GP overhead is 32%; when the subframe length is tripled, the GP overhead is 21%; and when the subframe length is quadrupled, the GP overhead is 16%.

[0137] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, increasing the frame length based on TN TDD reduces the GP overhead without a common TA to 16% in a 40ms frame length. This GP overhead is significantly less than the 64% overhead under TN TDD.

[0138] The TDD mode period P can also be set to 20ms, 40ms, or 80ms, which are longer than 10ms. The periodicity of the TDD mode can be defined, for example, as DDDSU. D can represent DL, U can represent UL, and S can represent flexible. Each D, U, and S can correspond to a predetermined time-domain unit, such as a time slot.

[0139] Action 1) can introduce a wireless frame length defined as greater than P or 10ms.

[0140] Action 1-1) The number of subframes in each radio frame can also be greater than the maximum value of P=10ms.

[0141] Actions 1-2) The length of each subframe can also be longer than the case where P=10ms.

[0142] Action 1-2-1) The number of time slots in each subframe can be greater than the maximum value of P=10ms.

[0143] (Action 1-2-2) The length of each time slot can also be longer than in the case of P=10ms.

[0144] Furthermore, a "subframe" can be replaced with any temporal unit. Additionally, a "radio frame" can be replaced with a "frame".

[0145] Action 2) can also specify the periodic TDD mode in the case of 2-mode configuration (P and P2).

[0146] Action 3) can also be applied to dynamic TDD.

[0147] In addition, "M" or "m" can be set or indicated through the network, or a list of values ​​can be given through the specification. "M" or "m" may also not be defined in the specification.

[0148] Furthermore, in this embodiment, when defining "extension" or "addition" compared to existing specifications, the 6G RAT without a baseline specification can also be considered for determination.

[0149] Action 1-1) When the duration of each subframe is given, the number of subframes within each frame can be defined based on a given value or an extension of the baseline value.

[0150] The duration of each subframe is defined as a given value A. The number of subframes within each frame is N. subframe frame Defined as a given value or an extension based on the baseline value B. The baseline value B can be the same as the baseline value defined in the NR. For example, it can also be another value specified by B=10 or 6G-RAT. For example, "baseline" can be used in TN / FDD-NTN, and an extended value can be used in TDD-NTN. The extension factor can be M or 2. m .

[0151] Option 1: Define the number of subframes within each frame based on the spread factor M. M is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... For a given M, the number of subframes within each frame is N. subframe frame =B×M. That is, the frame length is A×B×M[ms].

[0152] Option 2: Define the number of subframes within each frame based on the spread factor 2^m. m is a non-negative integer chosen from a set of non-negative values, for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... For a given m, the number of subframes within each frame is N. subframe frame =B×2 m That is, the frame length is A×B×2. m [ms].

[0153] Option 1 supports finer granularity of frame length changes. Option 2 offers better frame-level matching. Larger spread factors are divisible by smaller spread factors.

[0154] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This indicates examples of setting the frame length to 10ms, 20ms, 30ms, or 40ms when μ=0, i.e., SCS=15kHz.

[0155] With a frame length of 10ms, the spreading factor is M=1 in option 1 and m=0 in option 2. With a frame length of 20ms, the spreading factor is M=2 in option 1 and m=1 in option 2. With a frame length of 30ms, the spreading factor is M=3 in option 1, but is not supported in option 2. With a frame length of 40ms, the spreading factor is M=4 in option 1 and m=2 in option 2.

[0156] Table 7 shows that... Figure 11 Considering the overhead of LEO's GP in the context of the frame structure.

[0157] [Table 7]

[0158] As shown in Table 7, with a frame length of 10ms, the number of subframes is 10, and the GP overhead is 64%. With a frame length of 20ms, the number of subframes is 20, and the GP overhead is 32%. With a frame length of 30ms, the number of subframes is 30, and the GP overhead is 21%. With a frame length of 40ms, the number of subframes is 40, and the GP overhead is 16%.

[0159] For example, in option 1 with M=2 or in option 2 with m=1, the radio frame consists of 20 subframes and has a length of 20ms.

[0160] Actions 1-2) When the number of subframes within each frame is given, the duration of each subframe can be defined as a given value or an extension based on the baseline value.

[0161] The number of subframes N within each frame subframe frame It is defined as a given value.

[0162] Action 1-2-1) Given a set of parameters, specify the duration of each time slot and the number of time slots within each subframe. N slot subframe，μDefined as a given value or an extension based on the baseline value C. For a given set of parameters, the duration of each time slot is defined as a given value D, which can be the same as defined in NR, i.e., D = 1 / 2. μ Or other values ​​specified in 6G-RAT.

[0163] The baseline value C can be the same as defined in NR. Alternatively, C=2. μ Or other values ​​specified in 6G-RAT. For example, "baseline" can be used in TN / FDD-NTN, and an extended value in TDD-NTN. The extension factor can be M or 2. m .

[0164] Option 1: For a given set of parameters, the number of time slots in each subframe can be defined based on the spread factor M.

[0165] M is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... For a given M, the number of time slots in each subframe is N. slot subframe，μ =C×M. That is, the subframe length is D×C×M[ms]. The number of time slots in each frame is N. subframe frame ×C×M. The frame length is N. subframe frame ×D×C×M[ms].

[0166] Option 2: For a given set of parameters, the number of time slots within each subframe can be based on the spread factor 2. m To define.

[0167] m is a non-negative integer chosen from the set of non-negative values; for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... For a given m, the number of time slots in each subframe is N. slot subframe，μ =C×2 m That is, the subframe length is D×C×2. m [ms]. The number of time slots within each frame is N. subframe frame ×C×2 m The frame length is N. subframe frame ×D×C×2 m [ms].

[0168] Option 1 supports finer-grained subframe length changes. Option 2 offers better subframe-level matching. Larger spread factors are divisible by smaller spread factors.

[0169] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12This indicates examples of setting the frame length to 10ms, 20ms, 30ms, or 40ms when μ=0, i.e., SCS=15kHz.

[0170] With a frame length of 10ms, the spread factor is M=1 in option 1 and m=0 in option 2, and one subframe consists of one time slot. With a frame length of 20ms, the spread factor is M=2 in option 1 and m=1 in option 2, and one subframe consists of two time slots. With a frame length of 30ms, the spread factor is M=3 in option 1 but not supported in option 2, and one subframe consists of three time slots. With a frame length of 40ms, the spread factor is M=4 in option 1 and m=2 in option 2, and one subframe consists of four time slots.

[0171] Table 8 shows that... Figure 12 Considering the overhead of LEO's GP in the context of the frame structure.

[0172] [Table 8]

[0173] As shown in Table 8, when SCS=15kHz, with a frame length of 10ms, the number of time slots is 10, and the GP overhead is 64%. With a frame length of 20ms, the number of time slots is 20, and the GP overhead is 32%. With a frame length of 30ms, the number of time slots is 30, and the GP overhead is 21%. With a frame length of 40ms, the number of time slots is 40, and the GP overhead is 16%.

[0174] For example, in option 1 with M=2 or in option 2 with m=1, the radio frame consists of 10 subframes and has a length of 20ms. Each subframe consists of 2 time slots.

[0175] (Action 1-2-2) For a given set of parameters, when the number of time slots in each subframe is given, the duration of each time slot can be defined as a given value or an extension based on the baseline value.

[0176] For a given set of parameters, the number of time slots N in each subframe slot subframe，μ Defined as a given value. The number of symbols N in each subframe. symb slot It is defined as a given value or an extension based on the baseline value E.

[0177] The baseline value E can be one of the 14 values ​​for a standard CP, one of the 12 values ​​for an extended CP, or another value specified in 6G-RAT. For example, the “baseline” value can be used in TN / FDD-NTN, and the extended value can be used in TDD-NTN.

[0178] Option 1: Define the number of symbols in each time slot based on the spreading factor M. M is a positive integer selected from the set of possible values, such as M=1, 2, 3, 4, ...

[0179] For a given M, the number of symbols in each time slot is N. symb slot =E×M. The number of symbols in each time slot is N. slot subframe，μ ×N symb slot ×M.

[0180] Option 2: Based on expansion factor 2 m Increase the number of symbols in each time slot. m is a non-negative integer selected from the set of non-negative values, for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

[0181] For a given M, the number of symbols in each time slot is N. symb slot =E×2 m The number of symbols in each subframe is N. slot subframe，μ ×N symb slot ×2 m .

[0182] Option 1 supports finer-grained slot length changes. Option 2 offers better slot-level matching. Larger spread factors are divisible by smaller spread factors.

[0183] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This indicates examples of setting the frame length to 10ms, 20ms, 30ms, or 40ms when μ=0, i.e., SCS=15kHz.

[0184] With a frame length of 10ms, the spreading factor is M=1 in option 1 and m=0 in option 2, with one time slot consisting of 14 symbols. With a frame length of 20ms, the spreading factor is M=2 in option 1 and m=1 in option 2, with one time slot consisting of 28 symbols. With a frame length of 30ms, the spreading factor is M=3 in option 1 but not supported in option 2, with one time slot consisting of 42 symbols. With a frame length of 40ms, the spreading factor is M=4 in option 1 and m=2 in option 2, with one time slot consisting of 56 symbols.

[0185] Table 9 shows that... Figure 13 Considering the overhead of LEO's GP in the context of the frame structure.

[0186] [Table 9]

[0187] As shown in Table 9, when SCS=15kHz, with a frame length of 10ms, the number of symbols per slot is 14, and the GP overhead is 64%. With a frame length of 20ms, the number of symbols per slot is 28, and the GP overhead is 32%. With a frame length of 40ms, the number of symbols per slot is 56, and the GP overhead is 16%.

[0188] For example, in option 1 with M=2 or option 2 with m=1, the radio frame consists of 10 subframes and has a length of 20ms. One time slot consists of 28 symbols.

[0189] The spatial propagation time difference (RTT) is a major influencing factor for the general propagation distance (GP) in NTN. The spatial propagation time difference is the difference between the local time to travel (RTT) and the common time to travel (TA). The RTT is determined by factors such as the altitude of the satellite or HAPS and the coverage radius of a beam from the satellite or HAPS.

[0190] The scaling method and the corresponding M, m, and GP lengths can be predefined in the specification or notified via SIB. The M, m, and GP lengths may differ for different frequencies, NTN types, settings, or TA settings.

[0191] Example 1: In the case of HAPS with an altitude of 20km and a coverage radius of 50km and without common TA compensation, the GP overhead can be reduced to 2% relative to the frame length of 20ms by applying an expansion factor of M=2 (m=1).

[0192] Example 2: In the case of HAPS with a height of 20km and a coverage radius of 50km and a common TA compensation of 0.13ms, the GP overhead is only 2% of the NR 10ms frame length, and no extension is required.

[0193] Example 3: In LEO satellites with an altitude of 600km and a coverage radius of 750km, without common TA compensation, the GP overhead can be reduced to 16% relative to a 40ms frame length by applying an expansion factor of M=4 (m=2).

[0194] Example 4: In the case of LEO satellites with an altitude of 600km, a coverage radius of 750km, and a common TA compensation of 4ms, the GP overhead can be reduced to 12% relative to a 20ms frame length by applying an expansion factor of M=2 (m=1).

[0195] Example 5: In LEO satellites with an altitude of 1200km and a coverage radius of 1800km, without common TA compensation, the GP overhead can be reduced to 18% relative to an 80ms frame length by applying an expansion factor of M=8 (m=3).

[0196] Example 6: In the case of LEO satellites with an altitude of 1200km, a coverage radius of 1800km, and a common TA compensation of 8ms, the GP overhead can be reduced to 16% relative to a 40ms frame length by applying an expansion factor of M=4 (m=2).

[0197] In actions 1-1) and 1-2-1), the slot length remains unchanged, with only one subframe and / or the number of slots within a frame increasing. Therefore, slot-based scheduling can support lower latency, lower scheduling latency can support shorter scheduling periods, and more flexible scheduling configurations can support longer scheduling periods.

[0198] In Action 1-2-2), the slot length increases while the slot number within a subframe / frame remains unchanged. The slot format for self-contained frames / slots offers greater flexibility. Due to lower GP overhead, transmission based on mini-slots is more efficient.

[0199] Here, the TDD UL-DL transmission mode and period can be set to two modes: P and P2.

[0200] Action 2) can also specify the periodicity of the TDD mode in the case of a 2-mode configuration (P and P2) as described below. Furthermore, the following can also be applied to the case where the TDD mode is a 1-mode configuration, provided it is applicable.

[0201] Action 2-1) The UE can envision a period longer than 20ms, such as 40ms, 80ms or 160ms, which is divisible by period P or P+P2.

[0202] The UE envisions that the time divisible by period P or P+P2 can be defined as a given value or an extension based on the baseline value Xms. For example, a baseline value can be used in TN / FDD-NTN, and an extended value in NTN. The baseline value Xms can be 20ms defined by NR or another value specified in 6G-RAT. The extension factor can be M or 2. m .

[0203] Option 1: Imagine that the time during which the UE is divisible by period P or P+P2 can be defined based on an extension factor M. M is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values, for example, M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... For a given M, imagine that the time during which the UE is divisible by period P or P+P2 is X×M [ms]. Option 1 applies to option 1 of action 1-1 and option 1 of action 1-2-1 / action 1-2-2.

[0204] Option 2: Can be based on expansion factor 2 mLet m be the time period that the user is expected to be divisible by period P or P+P2. m is a non-negative integer chosen from the set of non-negative values, for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... For a given m, the time period that the user is expected to be divisible by period P or P+P2 is X. 2^m milliseconds. Option 2 applies to both Action 1-1 Option 2 and Action 1-2-1 / 1-2-2 Option 2.

[0205] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of the frame structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 This example illustrates the case where the baseline value X is set to 20ms and P is set to 10ms. For example... Figure 14 As shown, when M=1 in option 1 and m=0 in option 2, it is divisible by 20ms / P=2. When M=2 in option 1 and m=1 in option 2, it is divisible by 20ms / P=4. When M=4 in option 1 and m=2 in option 2, it is divisible by 20ms / P=8.

[0206] Action 2-2) can define the values ​​of the parameters of a given mode for a given set of baseline parameters.

[0207] Action 2-2-1) can define the value of P or P2 for a given mode for a given set of baseline parameters.

[0208] Option 1: For a given set of baseline parameters, the values ​​of P or P2 can be defined as a set of given values, or as an extension of the set of baseline values. The set of baseline values ​​can be the same as defined in NR, or it can be other values ​​specified in 6G-RAT. The extension factor can be M or 2. m .

[0209] Option 1-1: Define the value of P or P2 based on the expansion coefficient M. M is a positive integer selected from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Option 1-1 applies to both Action 1-1 Option 1 and Action 1-2-1 / Action 1-2-2 Option 1.

[0210] Option 1-2: Based on expansion factor 2 m Define the value of P or P2. m is a non-negative integer selected from the set of non-negative values, for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... Option 1-2 applies to both action 1-1 option 2 and action 1-2-1 / action 1-2-2 option 2.

[0211] Table 10 shows examples of the values ​​of period P or P2 when Option 1 is applied with the NR definition value as the baseline set.

[0212] [Table 10]

[0213] As shown in Table 10, the period of the NR definition value can be defined as 2, 3, or 4 times. 2 times corresponds to M=2 in option 1-1 and m=1 in option 1-2. 3 times corresponds to M=3 in option 1-1. 4 times corresponds to M=4 in option 1-1 and m=2 in option 1-2.

[0214] Option 2: For a given set of baseline parameters, the value of P or P2 can be defined as a set of given values, or as an extension of the set of baseline values.

[0215] Option 2-1: For a given set of baseline parameters, the maximum value of either P or P2 can be defined based on an extension of the baseline value Yms. The baseline value Y can be the same as the baseline value defined in NR, or it can be another value specified in 6G-RAT. Y can vary depending on the parameter set. The extension factor can be M or 2. m .

[0216] Option 2-1-1: The maximum value of P or P2 is defined based on the expansion coefficient M. M is a positive integer selected from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... For a given M, the maximum value of P or P2 is Y × M [ms]. Option 2-1-1 applies to Action 1-1 Option 1 and Action 1-2-1 / Action 1-2-2 Option 1.

[0217] Option 2-1-2: The maximum value of P or P2 is based on the expansion factor 2. m Defined. m is a non-negative integer chosen from the set of non-negative values, for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... For some m, the maximum value of P or P2 is Y × 2. m [ms]. Option 2-1-2 applies to both Action 1-1 Option 2 and Action 1-2-1 / Action 1-2-2 Option 2.

[0218] Table 11 shows examples of the values ​​of period P or P2 when the NR definition value is set to the baseline Y[ms] and option 2-1 is applied.

[0219] [Table 11]

[0220] As shown in Table 11, a maximum value can be added to the period of the defined NR value. Twice the maximum value corresponds to M=2 in option 2-1-1 and m=1 in option 2-1-2. Three times the maximum value corresponds to M=3 in option 2-1-1. Four times the maximum value corresponds to M=4 in option 2-1-1 and m=2 in option 2-1-2.

[0221] Option 2-2: For a given set of baseline parameters, the maximum value of P or P2 can be defined based on the extension of the baseline value Yms, and more values ​​can be defined for P or P2.

[0222] The baseline value Yms can be the same as the value defined in NR, or it can be another value specified in 6G-RAT. Y can be the same or different for different parameter sets, and the expansion factor can be M or 2. m .

[0223] Option 2-2-1: The maximum value of P or P2 is defined based on the expansion coefficient M.

[0224] M is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... The maximum value of P or P2 relative to a given M is Y × M [ms]. More values ​​of P or P2 can be defined.

[0225] For example, when M=2, 4ms / 20ms and 4ms / 10ms can be defined as P and P2 for μ=0, ..., 5, and μ=6, respectively. Similarly, when M=4, 4ms / 8ms / 20ms / 40ms and 4ms / 8ms / 10ms / 20ms can be defined as P and P2 for μ=0, ..., 5, and μ=6, respectively. Option 2-2-1 applies to both action 1-1 option 1 and action 1-2-1 option 1.

[0226] Option 2-2-2: The maximum value of P or P2 is based on the expansion factor 2. m Defined.

[0227] m is a non-negative integer chosen from the set of non-negative values; for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... The maximum value of P or P2 relative to a given m is Y × 2. m [ms].

[0228] It can define more values ​​for P or P2.

[0229] For example, when m=1, 4ms / 20ms and 4ms / 10ms can be defined as P and P2 for μ=0, ..., 5, and μ=6, respectively. Similarly, when m=2, 4ms / 8ms / 20ms / 40ms and 4ms / 8ms / 10ms / 20ms can be defined as P and P2 for μ=0, ..., 5, and μ=6, respectively. Option 2-2-1 applies to both action 1-1 option 2 and action 1-2-1 option 2.

[0230] Table 12 shows examples of the values ​​of period P or P2 when the NR definition value is set to the baseline Y[ms] and action 2-2-1 option 2 is applied.

[0231] [Table 12]

[0232] As shown in Table 12, the NR definition can also be defined by adding a maximum value and other values ​​to the period. In option 2-1-1, when M=2 and in option 2-1-2, when m=1, 4ms, 10ms, and 20ms can be added. In option 2-1-1, when M=3, 3ms, 6ms, 15ms, 30ms, 1.5ms, 3.75ms, 7.5ms, and 10ms can be added. In option 2-1-1, when M=4 and in option 2-1-2, when m=2, 4ms, 10ms, 20ms, and 40ms can be added.

[0233] Option 3: For a given set of baseline parameters, the minimum value of P or P2 can be defined based on an extension of the baseline value Zms. The baseline value Zms can be the same as the baseline value defined in NR, or it can be another value specified in 6G-RAT. Z can be the same or different depending on the parameter set. The extension factor can be M or 2. m .

[0234] Option 3-1: For all sets of baseline parameters, the minimum value of P or P2 can be defined based on an extension of the baseline value Zms.

[0235] Option 3-1-1: Define the minimum value of P or P2 based on the expansion coefficient M. M is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values, for example, M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... For some M, the minimum value of P or P2 is Z × M [ms]. Smaller values ​​of P or P2 can also be defined with respect to action 2-2.

[0236] For example, when M=2, the minimum value of P or P2 can also be 2ms when μ=0, and 1ms when μ=1, ..., 6. When μ=0 and the time slot length is 2ms, P or P2=5ms is not defined. When μ=1 and the time slot length is 1ms, P or P2=2.5ms is not defined. When μ=2 and the time slot length is 0.5ms, P or P2=1.25ms is not defined. When μ=3, ..., 6, the minimum value is 1ms, therefore P=6.25ms is not defined. Option 3-1-1 applies to option 1 of action 1-1 and option 1 of action 1-2-1 / action 1-2-2.

[0237] Option 3-1-2: Based on expansion factor 2 m Define the minimum value of P or P2. m is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values; for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... For some m, the minimum value of P or P2 is Z × 2. m[ms]. Fewer values ​​for P or P2 can also be defined for action 2-2.

[0238] For example, when m=1, the minimum value of P or P2 can be 2ms when μ=0, and 1ms when μ=1, ..., 6. When μ=0 and the time slot length is 2ms, P or P2=5ms is not defined. When μ=1 and the time slot length is 1ms, P or P2=2.5ms is not defined. When μ=2 and the time slot length is 0.5ms, P or P2=1.25ms is not defined. When μ=3, ..., 6, the minimum value is 1ms, therefore P=6.25ms is not defined. Option 3-1-2 applies to option 2 of action 1-1 and option 2 of action 1-2-1 / action 1-2-2.

[0239] Because the time slot lengths of actions 1-1) and 1-2-1) are different from those of actions 1-2-2), the supported values ​​of P or P2 are also different. Table 13 shows examples of the supported values ​​of P or P2 for actions 1-2) and 1-2-1) based on option 3-1, M=2 (m=1).

[0240] [Table 13]

[0241] Table 14 shows examples of the values ​​of P or P2 supported by option 3-1, M=2 (m=1) for action 1-2-2.

[0242] [Table 14]

[0243] In Table 14, due to the large time slot length, for example, the 5ms for μ=0, 2.5ms for μ=1, and 1.25ms for μ=2 supported in Table 13 are not supported.

[0244] Table 15 shows examples of the values ​​of P or P2 supported by option 3-1, M=4 (m=2) for actions 1-2) and 1-2-1).

[0245] [Table 15]

[0246] Table 16 shows examples of the values ​​of P or P2 supported by option 3-1, M=4 (m=2) for action 1-2-2.

[0247] [Table 16]

[0248] In Table 16, due to the large time slot length, for example, the 5ms and 10ms with μ=0, 2.5ms with μ=1, and 2.5ms with μ=2 supported in Table 15 are not supported.

[0249] Option 3-2: For a partial set of baseline parameters, the minimum value of P or P2 can be defined based on an extension of the baseline value Zms.

[0250] Option 3-2-1: Define the minimum value of P or P2 based on the expansion coefficient M. M is a positive integer selected from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... In a partial set of reference parameters, for a certain M, the minimum value of P or P2 is Z × M [ms].

[0251] Option 3-2-1 applies to Action 1-1 Option 1 and Action 1-2-1 / Action 1-2-2 Option 1.

[0252] Option 3-2-2: Based on expansion factor 2 m Define the minimum value of P or P2. m is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values; for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... In a partial set of reference parameters, for some m, the minimum value of P or P2 is Z × 2. m [ms].

[0253] Option 3-2-2 applies to Action 1-1 Option 2 and Action 1-2-1 / Action 1-2-2 Option 2.

[0254] Option 4: For a given set of baseline parameters, the minimum, maximum, and other values ​​of P or P2 can be defined based on the extension of the baseline values. The maximum value Y and minimum value Z of the baseline can be the same as the values ​​defined by NR, and the other values ​​can be the values ​​specified by 6G-RAT. For different parameter sets, Y and Z can be the same or different, and the extension coefficient can be M or 2. m .

[0255] Option 4-1: The minimum and maximum values ​​of P or P2 with respect to all baseline parameter sets can be defined based on the expansion coefficient M. M is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... The maximum value of P or P2 relative to a given M is Y × M [ms], and the minimum value is Z × M [ms]. Option 4-1 applies to both Action 1-1 Option 1 and Action 1-2-1 / Action 1-2-2 Option 1.

[0256] Option 4-2: Based on expansion factor 2 m Let m be the minimum and maximum value of P or P2 relative to all reference parameter sets. m is a non-negative integer chosen from the set of non-negative values; for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... . The maximum value of P or P2 relative to a given m is Y × 2. m [ms], minimum value is Z×2 m[ms]. Option 4-2 applies to both Action 1-1 Option 2 and Action 1-2-1 / Action 1-2-2 Option 2.

[0257] Because the time slot lengths of actions 1-1) and 1-2-1) are different from those of actions 1-2-2), the supported values ​​of P or P2 are also different. Table 17 shows examples of the supported values ​​of P or P2 for options 3-2, M=2 (m=1), and M=4 (m=2) for actions 1-2) and 1-2-1).

[0258] [Table 17]

[0259] Table 18 provides examples of the P or P2 values ​​supported by options 3-2, M=2 (m=1), and M=4 (m=2) for actions 1-2-2).

[0260] [Table 18]

[0261] Because the time slot lengths of actions 1-1), 1-2-1), and 1-2-2) are different, the supported values ​​of P or P2 are also different. Table 19 shows examples of the supported values ​​of P or P2 for option 4, M=2 (m=1) for actions 1-2) and 1-2-1).

[0262] [Table 19]

[0263] Table 20 provides examples of the values ​​of P or P2 supported by option 4, M=2 (m=1) during action 1-2-2).

[0264] [Table 20]

[0265] Action 2-2-2) can also define values ​​for parameters other than P and P2 for a given mode, based on a given set of baseline parameters.

[0266] Option 1: For a given set of reference parameters, based on the given value or baseline value Q μref The values ​​of parameters S and S2 are defined by compression.

[0267] The baseline value can be the same as the baseline value defined in NR, or it can be another value specified in 6G-RAT. The compression factor can be M or 2. m .

[0268] Option 1-1: The values ​​of parameters S and S2 can be defined based on the compression factor M. M is a positive integer selected from the set of possible values, such as M=1, 2, 3, 4, ... When SCS is set to μref, the slot setting period of P or P2[ms] can include S=Q μref / M or S2=Q μref / M time slots. Option 1-1 can also be applied only to option 1 of action 1-2-2.

[0269] Option 1-2: Based on compression factor 2 m Update the values ​​of parameters S and S2.

[0270] m is a non-negative integer selected from the set of non-negative values; for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... When SCS is set to μref, it can include S = Q. μref / 2 m Or S2=Q μref / 2 m Each time slot. Option 1-2 can also be applied only to option 1 of action 1-2-2.

[0271] Option 2: For a given set of baseline parameters, the value of the parameter maxNorfslots can be defined based on a given value or an extension of the baseline value L. The baseline value can be the same as the baseline value defined in NR, or it can be another value specified in 6G-RAT. The value of the parameter maxNorfslots represents d slots / d slots，2 and u slots / u slots，2 The maximum value.

[0272] Option 2-1: The value of the parameter maxNorfslots can be defined based on the expansion coefficient M. M is a positive integer selected from the set of possible values, such as M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... The value of the parameter maxNorfslots is L × M. Option 2-1 applies to both Action 1-1 Option 1 and Action 1-2-1 Option 1.

[0273] Option 2-2: The value of the parameter maxNorfslots can be based on the expansion factor 2. m Let m be a non-negative integer selected from the set of non-negative values, for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... The value of the parameter maxNorfslots is L × 2. m Option 2-2 applies to both Action 1-1 Option 2 and Action 1-2-1 Option 2.

[0274] Option 3: For a given set of baseline parameters, the value of the parameter `maxNorfslymbols` can be defined based on a given value or an extension of the baseline value. The baseline value can be the same as the baseline value defined in NR, or it can be another value specified in 6G-RAT. The value of the parameter `maxNorfslymbols` represents the parameter `d`. symbols / d symbols，2 and u symbols / u symbols，2 The maximum value. Option 3 can also be applied only to actions 1-2-2.

[0275] Option 3-1: The value of the parameter `maxNorfslymbols` can be defined based on the expansion coefficient `M`. `M` is a positive integer chosen from the set of possible values, for example, `M = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...`. The value of the parameter `maxNorfslymbols` is `N`. symb slot ×M. Here, N symb slot N is the number of symbols in each time slot. symb slot It can be 14 in the normal CP, 12 in the extended CP, or other values ​​that should be specified in 6G-RAT. Option 3-1 can also be applied only to option 1 of action 1-2-2.

[0276] Option 3-2: The value of the parameter maxNorfslymbols can be based on the expansion factor 2. m Let m be a non-negative integer selected from the set of non-negative values, for example, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... The value of the parameter maxNorfslymbols is N. symb slot ×2 m Option 3-2 can also be applied only to option 1 of action 1-2-2.

[0277] Based on action 2), the following new candidate values ​​can be introduced. The normative impact can also be explicitly defined.

[0278] • Time slot configuration period P[ms] based on dl-UL-TransmissionPrriodicity

[0279] • Number of time slots d based on nrofDownlinkSlots, including only DL symbols slots / d slots，2

[0280] • Number of time slots u based on nrofUplinkSlots, including only UL symbols slots / u slots，2

[0281] • Number of DL symbols d based on nrofDownlinkSymbols symbols / d symbols，2

[0282] · UL symbol number u based on nrofUplinkSymbols symbols / u symbols，2

[0283] In a TDD-based NTN system, GP is larger than TN, and the time slot format table defined in Non-Patent Document 7 is not applicable to a TDD-based NTN system.

[0284] For example, at SCS=15kHz, when HAPS requires 5 symbols for the GP, entries in the slot format table with fewer than 5 flexible OFDM symbols are no longer applicable. Similarly, when LEO requires 6.4 slots for the GP, entries in a slot that include downlink / flexible / uplink OFDM symbols are no longer applicable. Therefore, it is also possible to define the slot format table in such a way that at least the symbols required for the GP are flexible symbols.

[0285] Action 3-1) Two separate tables can also be defined between TN and NTN. The TN time slot format table can be the same as or different from the NR table. The NTN time slot format can be defined as follows.

[0286] Option 1: A generic time slot format table can be designed for both HAPS and satellites.

[0287] Option 2: Two different time slot format tables can be designed for HAPS and satellite respectively.

[0288] Action 3-2) Define the same table between TN and NTN, but some entries may also be used only in either TN or NTN.

[0289] Option 1: Define a common time slot format table for TN / NTN with HAPS and satellites.

[0290] Option 2: Two different time slot format tables can be defined for TN / NTN with HAPS and TN / NTN with satellites respectively.

[0291] In addition, action 3-1 applies to action 1-2-2, and action 3-2 applies to action 1-1 and action 1-2-1.

[0292] Tables 21 and 22 show examples of the NTN slot format when one slot in option 1 of action 3-1) consists of 28 symbols. The NTN slot format can be the same as the NR definition.

[0293] [Table 21]

[0294] [Table 22]

[0295] Tables 23 and 24 show examples of the NTN slot format when one slot in option 2 of action 3-1 consists of 28 symbols. The NTN slot format can be the same as the NR definition.

[0296] [Table 23]

[0297] [Table 24]

[0298] Table 25 shows an example of the NTN slot format when one slot in option 2 of action 3-1) consists of 28 symbols. The NTN slot format can be the same as the NR definition.

[0299] [Table 25]

[0300] Table 26 shows an example of the general time slot format defined for TN, HAPS, and satellite NTN when one time slot in option 1 of action 3-2 consists of 14 symbols.

[0301] [Table 26]

[0302] Table 27 shows an example of the time slot format table for TN and HAPS NTN when one time slot in option 2 of action 3-2) consists of 14 symbols, and time slot format tables are defined for TN and HAPS-oriented NTN and TN and satellite NTN respectively.

[0303] [Table 27]

[0304] Table 28 shows an example of the time slot format table for TN and NTN for satellite, where one time slot in option 2 of action 3-2 consists of 14 symbols and time slot format tables are defined for TN and NTN for HAPS and NTN for TN and satellite respectively.

[0305] [Table 28]

[0306] As shown in Tables 27 and 28, the time slot format table applicable to satellite NTN can have more flexible symbols compared to the time slot format table applicable to HAPS. Furthermore, in the time slot format table applicable to satellite NTN, DL and UL switching can be avoided within the time slot.

[0307] You can also define the UE capabilities shown below.

[0308] • Define UE capabilities based on whether the UE supports direct access to NTN satellites and / or HAPS.

[0309] • Define UE capabilities based on whether the UE supports TDD-based NTN.

[0310] • Define UE capabilities based on whether the UE supports the frame length of the TDD-based NTN frame structure.

[0311] • Define UE capabilities related to whether the UE supports TDD UL-DL transmission mode for NTN.

[0312] • Define UE capabilities based on whether the UE supports time slot format tables for TN and / or NTN.

[0313] UE capabilities may be the same or different across different frequency bands. UEs may report their capabilities across different frequency bands together or separately.

[0314] You can also define the satellite / HAPS capabilities shown below.

[0315] • Define satellite and / or HAPS capabilities regarding whether satellites and / or HAPS support TDD-based NTN.

[0316] • Define satellite / HAPS capabilities regarding whether satellites and / or HAPS support frame lengths for TDD-based NTN frame structures.

[0317] • Define satellite / HAPS capabilities regarding whether satellites and / or HAPS support TDD UL-DL transmission mode for NTN.

[0318] • Define the time slot format table for NTN regarding whether satellites and / or HAPS support it, defining satellite and / or HAPS capabilities.

[0319] Through the above embodiments, terminal 20 can extend the period of TDD mode and expand the frame structure, thereby using TDD in the NTN environment.

[0320] That is, it is possible to use TDD (Timedivision duplex) in NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environments.

[0321] (Device structure)

[0322] Next, an example of the functional structure of the base station 10 and terminal 20 performing the processes and actions described above will be explained. The base station 10 and terminal 20 include the functions implemented in the above embodiments. However, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may each have only a portion of the functions described in the embodiments.

[0323] <Base Station 10>

[0324] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 15 As shown, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130 and a control unit 140. Figure 15 The functional structure shown is only one example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional parts can be arbitrary.

[0325] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and wirelessly transmitting the signal. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 110 transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and obtaining, for example, higher-level information from the received signals. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 110 has the function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc., to the terminal 20. Furthermore, the receiving unit 120 receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0326] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information sent to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to communication in the NTN.

[0327] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs control related to communication in the NTN. Furthermore, the control unit 140 controls communication with the terminal 20 based on a UE capability report related to radio parameters received from the terminal 20. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0328] Terminal 20

[0329] Figure 16This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 16 As shown, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. Figure 16 The functional structure shown is only one example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional parts can be arbitrary.

[0330] The transmitting unit 210 generates a transmission signal based on the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains higher-layer signals from the received physical layer signals. Furthermore, the receiving unit 220 has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, etc., transmitted from the base station 10. For example, as D2D communication, the transmitting unit 210 transmits PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), etc., to other terminals 20, and the receiving unit 120 receives PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH from other terminals 20.

[0331] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. In addition, the setting unit 230 also stores preset setting information. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to communication in the NTN.

[0332] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 performs control related to communication in the NTN. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0333] (Hardware structure)

[0334] The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiments ( Figure 15 and Figure 16The diagram illustrates blocks organized by function. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within the aforementioned single or multiple devices.

[0335] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that performs the sending function is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0336] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station 10, terminal 20, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 and a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 may also be configured as a computer device that physically includes a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0337] Additionally, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of base station 10 and terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured to not include any of them.

[0338] The functions in base station 10 and terminal 20 are implemented by reading predetermined software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and storage device 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls the communication of communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading and writing data in storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0339] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the aforementioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc., can also be implemented using the processor 1001.

[0340] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage devices 1003 and communication devices 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program is used that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the actions described in the above embodiments. For example, Figure 15 The control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown can also be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. And, for example, Figure 16 The control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown can also be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Although it has been described that the various processes described above are executed by one processor 1001, the various processes described above can also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be implemented by more than one chip. In addition, the program can also be sent from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0341] Storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. Storage device 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. Storage device 1002 can store programs (program code), software modules, etc., that are executable for implementing the communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0342] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of the following: CD-ROM (CompactDisc ROM) or other optical discs, hard disks, floppy disks, magneto-optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multifunction discs, Blu-ray discs), smart cards, flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives), floppy disks, magnetic stripes, etc. The aforementioned storage medium may, for example, be a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0343] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It may also be referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may, for example, be configured to include a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, transceiver antennas, amplifiers, transceiver units, transmission path interfaces, etc., can also be implemented using the communication device 1004. The transceiver unit may also be physically or logically separated into a transmitting unit and a receiving unit.

[0344] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0345] Furthermore, the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, among other devices, are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses used between the devices.

[0346] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), or a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0347] Figure 18 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 18 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to communication devices mounted on the vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0348] The drive unit 2002 may be composed, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid power system of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a steering wheel), configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0349] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (I / O port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 of the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0350] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depress signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depress signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signals obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0351] The Information Service Unit 2012 comprises various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices such as the communication module 2013 to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (such as keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) and output devices that perform output to external sources (such as displays, speakers, LED lights, touch panels, etc.).

[0352] The Driver Assistance System 2030 comprises various devices used to prevent accidents or reduce driver workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the Driver Assistance System 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to achieve driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0353] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheel 2007, rear wheel 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 2029 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0354] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0355] The communication module 2013 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2028 described above, the information obtained based on those signals, and the information obtained via the information service unit 2012 based on input from an external source (user) to an external device. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0356] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit for outputting information (e.g., outputting information to devices such as displays and speakers based on PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from that PDSCH). Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., of the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0357] (Summary of implementation methods)

[0358] As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a terminal is provided, comprising: a control unit that envisions setting the length of the radio frame and the length of the guard period to be longer than those of the TN (Terrestrial Network) in a TDD (Time Division Duplex) based NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network); and a communication unit that, in the radio frame, transmits an uplink at any time during the guard period or after the guard period has elapsed, following downlink reception.

[0359] Through the above structure, by extending the TDD mode period and expanding the frame structure, terminal 20 can use TDD in an NTN environment. That is, it can use TDD (Time Division Duplex) in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment.

[0360] Alternatively, the control unit envisions that the radio frame is lengthened by increasing the number of subframes constituting the radio frame. With this structure, by extending the TDD mode period and expanding the frame structure, the terminal 20 can use TDD in an NTN environment.

[0361] Alternatively, the control unit envisions extending the duration of the subframes constituting the radio frame. With this structure, by extending the period of the TDD mode and expanding the frame structure, the terminal 20 can use TDD in an NTN environment.

[0362] Alternatively, the control unit envisions that the radio frame is lengthened by increasing the number of time slots contained in the subframes constituting the radio frame. With this structure, by extending the period of the TDD mode and expanding the frame structure, the terminal 20 can use TDD in an NTN environment.

[0363] Alternatively, the control unit envisions that the radio frame is lengthened by increasing the number of symbols contained in the time slots of the subframes constituting the radio frame. With this structure, by extending the period of the TDD mode and expanding the frame structure, the terminal 20 can use TDD in an NTN environment.

[0364] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a communication method is provided in which a terminal performs the following steps: assuming that in a TDD (Time Division Duplex) based NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network), the length of the radio frame and the length of the guard period are set to a value longer than that of the TN (Terrestrial Network); and in the radio frame, after downlink reception, an uplink is transmitted at any time during the guard period or after the guard period has elapsed.

[0365] Through the above structure, by extending the TDD mode period and expanding the frame structure, terminal 20 can use TDD in an NTN environment. That is, it can use TDD (Time Division Duplex) in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment.

[0366] (Supplement to the implementation method)

[0367] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand various modifications, alterations, substitutions, and replacements. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The distinctions between items in the above description are not essential to the present invention. Items described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical components. Multiple functional units may be operated by a single physical component, or a single functional unit may be operated by multiple physical components. Regarding the processing described in the embodiments, the order of processing may be interchanged unless there is a contradiction. For ease of explanation, a functional block diagram is used to illustrate the base station 10 and terminal 20, but such a device may also be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the base station 10 and the software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the terminal 20 may also be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server and other suitable storage media, respectively.

[0368] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, the notification of information may be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. Additionally, RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, for example, it may also be an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.

[0369] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to systems utilizing LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems extended therefrom. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0370] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this specification may be rearranged in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order for the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0371] In this specification, certain actions performed by base station 10 may sometimes also be performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having base station 10, it is obvious that various actions performed to communicate with terminal 20 can be performed by at least one of base station 10 and other network nodes besides base station 10 (e.g., considering MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides base station 10, but other network nodes can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0372] The information or signals described in this disclosure can be output from a higher (or lower) layer to a lower (or higher) layer. They can also be input or output via multiple network nodes.

[0373] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0374] The determination in this disclosure can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0375] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0376] In addition, software, commands, and information can also be sent and received via transmission media. For example, when software is sent from a webpage, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of transmission media.

[0377] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description as a whole can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0378] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0379] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0380] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated using indexes.

[0381] The names used for the above parameters are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by all appropriate names, therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0382] In this disclosure, the terms "base station (BS)," "wireless base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0383] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station RRH: Remote Radio Head). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0384] In this disclosure, the base station sending information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control / actions.

[0385] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" can be used interchangeably.

[0386] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0387] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to an object capable of movement, with arbitrary speed. This also includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of mobile bodies include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, two-wheeled trailers, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, Drone (registered trademark), multi-rotor helicopters, quadcopter helicopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., automobiles, airplanes, etc.), a mobile body moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., drones, autonomous vehicles, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0388] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a user terminal. For example, the communication between the base station and the user terminal can be replaced by communication between multiple terminals 20 (e.g., D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.), and various forms / implementations of this disclosure can also be applied. In this case, the terminal 20 can also be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be replaced with side channel.

[0389] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station can also be configured to have the functions of the aforementioned user terminal.

[0390] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Additionally, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include matters that are considered as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0391] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof are intended to indicate any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, including cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between the two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (including both visible and invisible regions) to “connect” or “couple” to each other.

[0392] The reference signal can be simply called RS (Reference Signal), or, depending on the standard applied, pilot.

[0393] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0394] Any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements can be taken, or that in any form the first element must precede the second element.

[0395] Alternatively, the "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0396] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0397] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each frame in the time domain is called a subframe. A subframe can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0398] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0399] In the time domain, a time slot can be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0400] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type (type) A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type (type) B.

[0401] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can each be referred to by other corresponding names.

[0402] For example, a subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0403] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each terminal 20) in units of TTI. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0404] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than the TTI.

[0405] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini time slot) can become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can be controlled.

[0406] A TTI with a duration of 1ms is also called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a time slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, or a time slot.

[0407] Additionally, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can be replaced with a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can be replaced with a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0408] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0409] Furthermore, the temporal domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, which can be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0410] In addition, one or more RBs can also be called Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0411] Furthermore, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE can be a radio resource area consisting of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0412] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0413] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. One or more BWPs can be set for a UE within a single carrier.

[0414] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and it is not assumed that the UE will transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of the active BWP. In addition, "cell", "carrier", etc. in this disclosure can be replaced by "BWP".

[0415] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0416] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure also includes cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0417] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Additionally, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0418] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched depending on the execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a notification of "It is X") is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., without notification of the predetermined information).

[0419] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0420] Label Explanation

[0421] 10: Base station

[0422] 110: Sending Department

[0423] 120: Receiving Department

[0424] 130: Setting Department

[0425] 140: Control Department

[0426] 20: Terminal

[0427] 210: Sending Department

[0428] 220: Receiving Department

[0429] 230: Setting Department

[0430] 240: Control Department

[0431] 1001: Processor

[0432] 1002: Storage device

[0433] 1003: Auxiliary storage device

[0434] 1004: Communication device

[0435] 1005: Input device

[0436] 1006: Output device

[0437] 2001: Vehicles

[0438] 2002: Drive Unit

[0439] 2003: Steering Unit

[0440] 2004: Accelerator Pedal

[0441] 2005: Brake Pedal

[0442] 2006: Gear Shift

[0443] 2007: Front Wheel

[0444] 2008: Rear Wheel

[0445] 2009: Axle

[0446] 2010: Electronic Control Department

[0447] 2012: Information Services Department

[0448] 2013: Communication Module

[0449] 2021: Current Sensor

[0450] 2022: Speed ​​Sensor

[0451] 2023: Barometric Pressure Sensor

[0452] 2024: Vehicle Speed ​​Sensor

[0453] 2025: Accelerometer

[0454] 2026: Brake Pedal Sensor

[0455] 2027: Gearshift Sensor

[0456] 2028: Object Detection Sensor

[0457] 2029: Accelerator Pedal Sensor

[0458] 2030: Driver Assistance Systems Department

[0459] 2031: Microprocessors

[0460] 2032: Memory (ROM, RAM)

[0461] 2033: Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A terminal having: The control unit envisions that in a TDD-based NTN, the length of the radio frame and the length of the guard period are set to values ​​longer than those of a TN. TDD stands for Time Division Duplex, NTN stands for Non-Terrestrial Network, and TN stands for Terrestrial Network; and The communication unit, in the radio frame, transmits the uplink at any time during the protection period or after the protection period has elapsed, following downlink reception.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit envisions that the wireless frame is lengthened by increasing the number of subframes constituting the wireless frame.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit envisions that the wireless frame is extended by increasing the duration of the subframes that constitute the wireless frame.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit envisions that the radio frame is lengthened by increasing the number of time slots contained in the subframes that constitute the radio frame.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit envisions that the radio frame is lengthened by increasing the number of symbols contained in the time slots of the subframes constituting the radio frame.

6. A communication method in which a terminal performs the following steps: Imagine a TDD-based NTN where the length of the radio frame and the length of the guard period are set to be longer than those of a TN. TDD stands for Time Division Duplex, NTN stands for Non-Terrestrial Network, and TN stands for Terrestrial Network; and In the radio frame, the uplink is transmitted at any time during the protection period or after the protection period has elapsed, following downlink reception.

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