A seeder with a power profiling and compacting function and a method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a seeder with power profiling and compacting functions and a method thereof, and relates to the technical field of seeders.The seeder comprises a frame, moving wheels, a power input mechanism, compacting roller units and a profiling connecting mechanism.The power input mechanism comprises a gearbox, a chain wheel and a chain transmission assembly.The application splits a traditional integral compacting roller into multiple independent compacting roller units, each of which corresponds to a ridge body.The power of a tractor is transmitted to each compacting roller unit through the gearbox, the chain wheel and the chain to provide stable rotating power for the compacting roller unit.The single-body support is hinged to the frame through a pin shaft and cooperates with upper and lower spring assemblies to realize up-and-down floating.Each compacting roller unit independently adjusts the position according to the ground level to keep the ground pressure uniform.The ridges are compacted to the same degree of tightness, the soil moisture loss is reduced, and the seeds are closely attached to the soil to provide good conditions for the seed emergence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seeder technology, and in particular relates to a seeder and method with a power-driven contour pressing function. Background Technology

[0002] In the production process of ridging and sowing in farmland, ridge compaction is a crucial step in ensuring sowing quality. By compacting the soil on the ridges, internal soil voids are reduced, the rate of water evaporation is slowed, and seeds are brought into close contact with the soil, providing a stable soil environment for seed germination and seedling growth. Currently, widely used ridging and sowing machines are equipped with compaction mechanisms, whose performance directly affects moisture retention and crop emergence, making them an indispensable functional component of sowing equipment.

[0003] Most existing ridging and seeding machines use an integrated compaction mechanism, with the compaction roller being a single, long shaft component. The entire machine has only one gearbox, with power output from the gearbox driving the entire compaction roller synchronously. While this structure can complete basic compaction work on flat fields, farmland typically has uneven terrain. The integrated compaction roller cannot adjust individually to changes in ridge height, resulting in uneven pressure in some areas and insufficient pressure in others. After compaction, the ridges are unevenly compacted, leading to reduced soil water retention, accelerated moisture loss, and inadequate seed-soil adhesion, impacting germination and seedling emergence, reducing uniformity, and ultimately resulting in inconsistent crop growth and difficulty in increasing yield.

[0004] To address this issue, we provide a seeder with a dynamic contour-following compaction function and its method to solve the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a seeder with a dynamic contour pressing function, which solves the problem in the prior art that the integrated pressing roller cannot be individually adjusted to follow the changes in ridge height, resulting in excessive pressure in some positions and insufficient pressure in others.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0007] This invention relates to a seeder and its method with a power contour-following pressing function, comprising a frame, moving wheels, a power input mechanism, a pressing roller unit, and a contour-following connecting mechanism; The power input mechanism includes a gearbox, sprockets and chain drive components. Power is input from the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor and evenly distributed to each group of press rollers. The press roller unit is a multi-group independent structure, each group corresponding to a ridge body, including a press roller, a unit support and an elastic adjustment component; The contouring connection mechanism hinges the individual support to the frame via a pin. Spring assemblies are installed at the top and bottom of the individual support to achieve independent floating contouring. The entire machine mainly consists of a frame, moving wheels, a power input mechanism, individual press rollers, and the contouring connection mechanism. The power input mechanism includes a gearbox, sprockets, and chain drive components. The power source is the tractor's rear power take-off shaft. After being transmitted through the gearbox, the power is evenly distributed to each group of individual press rollers by the sprockets and chain drive components, ensuring stable operation of each group of press rollers. The individual press rollers are independently set up, with each group corresponding to one ridge. Each group consists of a press roller, an individual support, and an elastic adjustment component. The contouring connection mechanism hinges the individual support to the frame via a pin. Spring assemblies are installed at the top and bottom of the individual support, allowing it to swing up and down around the pin. Each group of individual press rollers floats independently according to the ridge terrain, completing the contouring operation.

[0008] Each group of rollers floats independently, keeping them in close contact with the ridge. This ensures consistent compaction throughout the ridge, reduces soil moisture loss, and allows for close contact between seeds and soil, providing stable conditions for seed germination. Uniform power distribution ensures consistent operation of each roller group. The spring assembly, combined with the pin hinge structure, allows the rollers to adjust their position according to terrain changes, adapting to different ridge heights and meeting the requirements for field sowing and compaction.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that a rotary tillage component is provided at the front end of the frame. The rotary tillage component is driven by a power input mechanism and is used to perform rotary tillage and soil breaking operations on the soil before sowing. The rotary tillage component is driven by the power input mechanism and performs rotary tillage and soil breaking treatment on the field soil during the movement of the seeder, making the soil loose and fine, providing a good soil foundation for subsequent sowing and compaction processes, and ensuring the smooth progress of planting operations.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that a fertilization component is provided on the top of the frame. The fertilization component includes a fertilizer tank, a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer conveying pipe, and a fertilizer furrow opener. Deep fertilization is completed at the same time as sowing. The fertilizer in the fertilizer tank is transported to the fertilizer furrow opener through the fertilizer dispenser and the fertilizer conveying pipe. Deep fertilization is completed simultaneously with sowing, eliminating the need for a separate fertilization process and improving the overall efficiency of farmland planting operations.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the fertilizer application component is connected to the moving wheel via a transmission, and the fertilizer discharge amount is automatically matched and adjusted according to the traveling speed of the seeder. The fertilizer application component and the moving wheel form a transmission connection, and the moving wheel rotates as the seeder moves, thereby driving the fertilizer applicator to work. The fertilizer discharge amount is automatically matched with the traveling speed of the seeder to ensure that the fertilizer application amount per unit area remains uniform.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that a seeder is provided in front of each individual pressing roller, the seeder including a seed box, a seed metering mechanism, a seed guide tube and a seed furrow opener, to achieve one seed per row in a synchronous operation. Each group of pressing rollers is provided with a seeder in front of each individual pressing roller. The seeds in the seed box fall into the seed furrow opened by the seed furrow opener through the seed metering mechanism and the seed guide tube, to achieve one seed per row in a synchronous operation, so that the sowing and pressing processes can be completed continuously.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that the contouring connection mechanism is also provided with a limit block to limit the vertical floating stroke of the single support, so as to avoid excessive lifting and lowering of the press roller. The limit block constrains the vertical floating range of the single support, so as to prevent the single support from driving the press roller to lift or lower beyond the working range, and to keep the press roller in a stable working state.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that the chain drive assembly is also provided with a tension wheel to ensure stable chain transmission and prevent chain slippage and tooth skipping. The chain drive assembly is equipped with a tension wheel to maintain the chain in a suitable tension state, so that the cooperation between the sprocket and the chain remains stable and reduces the occurrence of chain slippage and tooth skipping during transmission.

[0015] The invention is further configured such that the individual pressing rollers are arranged at equal intervals along the transverse side of the frame, the pressing width matches the ridge spacing, the individual pressing rollers are arranged at equal intervals along the transverse side of the frame, and the working width of each group of pressing rollers matches the ridge spacing in the field, ensuring that each ridge can be compacted by the corresponding pressing roller, and the working state of each ridge is uniform.

[0016] The present invention is further configured such that the rotary tillage component is a micro rotary tiller structure, with the rotary tillage blade shaft arranged laterally with the frame. The rotary tillage blade shaft is arranged laterally along the frame, and the working coverage range is adapted to the width of the ridge. At the same time, the rotary tillage depth can be changed by means of an adjustment mechanism to adapt to the land preparation requirements under different soil conditions.

[0017] A method for a seeder with a powered contour-following compaction function includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-determine the operating parameters based on the ridge spacing, ridge height fluctuation range, soil type, and crop variety of the target plot: target ground pressure of a single set of press rollers. Target fertilizer application rate per unit area Target sowing depth, maximum allowable floating displacement of the press roller At the same time, the inherent structural parameters of the equipment and the effective working diameter of the press roller are calibrated. Effective rolling diameter of the moving wheel The lever arm length from the hinge pin of the single bracket to the center of the press roller The lever arm length from the hinge pin to the spring assembly mounting point upper compression spring stiffness coefficient Stiffness coefficient of the lower tension spring Total transmission ratio of power input mechanism The transmission ratio from the moving wheel to the fertilizer applicator ; Complete equipment commissioning according to calibration parameters: Adjust the initial preload of the spring assembly. The installation position of the limiting block of the contour connection mechanism, the tension of the tension wheel, the initial rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage component, the initial opening of the fertilizer applicator of the fertilizer applicator, and the initial parameters of the seed metering mechanism of the seeder. Among them, the initial preload of the spring assembly Calibration is achieved using the following formula: In the formula, The unit is the self-weight of a single press roller. ; This step, through the preload calibration formula, lays the foundation for constant pressure in the subsequent contour pressing operation, ensuring that the pressure of each set of pressing rollers on the ground is consistent in the initial state of the operation, and eliminating the problem of uneven pressing caused by the initial assembly error; Step 1: Connect the seeder to the tractor. Connect the tractor's rear power take-off shaft to the power input end of the gearbox of the power input mechanism. The tractor pulls the seeder to travel in the field at a speed v. At the same time, the tractor's rear power take-off shaft outputs power, which is evenly distributed to each group of press rollers through the gearbox, sprockets and chain drive components, driving the press rollers to rotate stably. During the operation, the seeder's travel speed is collected in real time. With the speed of the tractor's power take-off shaft The rotational speed of the power output shaft is adjusted in real time using the following synchronization formula to ensure that the linear speed of the press roller rotation is synchronized with the speed of the seeder: In the formula, This refers to the driving speed of the pressure roller, expressed in r / min. The synchronous compensation coefficient ranges from 0.98 to 1.02 and is adjusted in real time according to the soil moisture content. This step uses a speed synchronization matching algorithm to solve the problem of mismatch between linear speed and travel speed that is prone to occur when the power-driven pressing roller is driven. This prevents the pressing roller from dragging soil, clogging soil, slipping and damaging the ridge structure, and ensures the smoothness of the pressing operation. At the same time, the tension wheel maintains the chain tension in real time to prevent chain derailment and tooth skipping. Step 3: During the movement of the seeder, the power input mechanism synchronously drives the rotary tillage component to operate. The horizontally arranged rotary tillage blade shaft performs rotary tillage and soil breaking operation on the soil before sowing. During the operation, according to the ridge height fluctuation range specified in Step 1 and the real-time ridge height data, the rotary tillage depth adjustment mechanism adaptively adjusts the working depth of the rotary tillage component to match the ridge height of the subsequent compaction operation and the rotary tillage operation width to match the ridge width, providing loose and uniform soil conditions for the subsequent sowing and compaction operations. Step 4: During the movement of the seeder, the fertilization components and the seeder start working simultaneously: the fertilization furrow opener opens the fertilization furrow, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer box is applied into the fertilization furrow through the fertilizer discharge device and fertilizer delivery pipe to complete deep fertilization. At the same time, the seed furrow opener opens the seed furrow, and the seeds in the seed box fall into the seed furrow through the seed discharge mechanism and seed guide pipe, realizing one seed per row and simultaneous operation of fertilization and sowing. During the operation, the rotational speed of the moving wheels is collected in real time. The real-time travel speed is obtained through the travel speed conversion formula. Then, the working speed of the fertilizer applicator is adjusted in real time through an adaptive matching formula to link the fertilizer discharge rate with the travel speed, ensuring a constant fertilizer application rate per unit area. In the formula, This refers to the instantaneous fertilizer discharge rate of the fertilizer discharger, expressed in kg / min. This refers to the total working width of the seeder, in meters. The transmission efficiency of the fertilizer discharger is taken as 0.9~0.98; This step uses a fertilizer application rate matching algorithm to solve the problem of uneven fertilization when the seeder moves at different speeds, avoids differences in crop growth caused by uneven fertilization, and achieves seamless connection between sowing and fertilization processes, thereby improving field operation efficiency. Step 5: After the sowing and fertilization operations are completed, the individual pressing rollers of each group of ridges will synchronously complete the pressing operation. During the operation, each group of pressing rollers will swing up and down independently with the pin hinge structure of the contour connection mechanism, following the ups and downs of the ridge surface, and will achieve floating contouring in conjunction with the upper and lower spring components. During operation, the floating displacement of each individual press roller is collected in real time. The spring force variation is compensated in real time by the following torque balance formula to ensure that the ground pressure of each individual press roller remains stable at the target value. To achieve a high degree of uniform compaction across the entire field ridge: In the formula, This represents the floating displacement of a single support frame around the hinge pin, expressed in meters (m). Upward floating is positive, and downward floating is negative. At the same time, the maximum floating displacement calibrated in step one In conjunction with limit blocks, the vertical floating stroke of the individual support is restricted to prevent excessive lifting and lowering of the press roller, thus ensuring operational safety and pressure stability. Calibration is achieved using the following formula: In the formula, In order to cope with the upper limit of the pressure on the ground The maximum upward floating displacement, To cope with the lower limit of ground pressure The maximum downward floating displacement, The maximum swing angle of a single support unit is limited by the limit block; This step uses a contour-following pressure torque balancing algorithm to achieve independent adaptive contour-following for each group of press rollers, solving the problems of uneven pressure and large differences in compaction in traditional integrated press rollers. This effectively reduces soil moisture loss, ensures seed-soil adhesion, and improves crop emergence uniformity. Step Six: Throughout the entire operation, the rotational speed, floating displacement, and ground pressure of each group of press rollers, the working parameters of the fertilizer applicator and seed applicator, and the tension status data of the chain drive components are collected in real time. When the ground pressure of the press roller exceeds the allowable fluctuation range, the speed synchronization error exceeds the threshold, or the chain tension is abnormal, the drive speed of the corresponding press roller is immediately adjusted through the power input mechanism, the preload is corrected through the spring adjustment component, and the chain tension is adjusted through the tension wheel to form a closed-loop control throughout the entire process. When the floating stroke of a single support reaches the limit threshold, an early warning is triggered and the floating amplitude is limited to avoid damage to the equipment structure. Step 7: After the entire field operation is completed, first disconnect the power input to the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor. After the rotary tillage assembly, press roller unit, fertilizer applicator, and seed metering mechanism stop operating, lift the seeder to transport mode, complete the equipment cleaning, reset and maintenance, and end this operation.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0019] 1. This invention breaks down the traditional integral roller press into multiple independent roller units, each corresponding to a ridge. The tractor's power is transmitted to each roller unit via a gearbox, sprocket, and chain, providing stable rotational power. The unit support is hinged to the frame by a pin and moves up and down with the help of upper and lower spring assemblies. Each roller unit adjusts its position autonomously according to the ground level to maintain uniform pressure on the ground. After compaction, the ridge remains consistently compacted, soil moisture loss is reduced, and seeds adhere tightly to the soil, providing favorable conditions for seed germination.

[0020] 2. This invention improves upon the existing seeder structure with minimal overall modifications and low production costs, making it suitable for mass production and field application. The contour-following connection mechanism is equipped with limit blocks to control the floating range of the individual support, ensuring the press roller is within a reasonable working range. The chain drive assembly is equipped with a tension wheel, ensuring stable transmission and reducing the probability of chain slippage and tooth skipping. The movable wheels allow for height adjustment. The rotary tillage assembly, fertilization assembly, seeder, and press roller work together, enabling the equipment to adapt to uneven terrain and continuously complete soil breaking, fertilization, sowing, and pressing operations, meeting the actual needs of farmland planting.

[0021] 3. This invention achieves independent floating and constant pressure for each group of press rollers through the spring preload calibration formula and the contour pressing torque balance formula. It is unaffected by the undulation of the ground, and the compaction degree is consistent throughout the ridge. The soil water retention capacity is improved, the seeds adhere more closely to the soil, and the seedling uniformity and survival rate are improved. The closed-loop matching formula of press roller speed and travel speed is adopted to ensure that the linear speed of the press roller is synchronized with the travel speed of the whole machine in real time, avoiding the phenomena of soil dragging, soil accumulation, and slippage of the power-driven press roller. The ridge is formed in a regular shape. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a seeder with a powered contour pressing function and its method.

[0024] Figure 2 A rear-view perspective view of a seeder and its method with a powered contour pressing function.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the connection structure between the press roller unit and the contour connection mechanism in a seeder and its method with a power contour pressing function.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the tensioning wheel in a seeder and its method that has a power-driven contour pressing function.

[0027] Figure 5 A side perspective perspective view of a seeder and its method with a powered contour pressing function.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for a seeder with a powered contour pressing function.

[0029] In the attached diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Moving wheel; 3. Power input mechanism; 4. Press roller unit; 5. Contour connection mechanism; 6. Rotary tillage assembly; 7. Fertilizer assembly; 8. Seeder; 9. Tensioner. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0031] Please see Figure 1-5 The present invention is a seeder and method with a power contour pressing function, comprising a frame 1, a moving wheel 2, a power input mechanism 3, a pressing roller unit 4, and a contour connecting mechanism 5; The power input mechanism 3 includes a gearbox, sprockets and chain drive components. Power is input from the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor and evenly distributed to each group of press roller units 4. The press roller unit 4 consists of multiple independent structures, each corresponding to a ridge body, including the press roller, unit support and elastic adjustment components; The contouring connection mechanism 5 hinges the single support to the frame 1 via a pin. Spring assemblies are set on the upper and lower parts of the single support to achieve independent floating contouring.

[0032] Specifically: The machine mainly consists of a frame 1, moving wheels 2, power input mechanism 3, individual press rollers 4, and contouring connection mechanism 5. The power input mechanism 3 includes a gearbox, sprockets, and chain drive components. The power source is the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor. After the power is transmitted through the gearbox, the sprockets and chain drive components distribute the power evenly to each group of individual press rollers 4, so that each group of press rollers can maintain stable operation. The individual press rollers 4 are set independently, and each group of individual press rollers 4 corresponds to one ridge. Each group consists of a press roller, an individual support, and an elastic adjustment component. The contouring connection mechanism 5 uses a pin to hinge the individual support to the frame 1. Spring components are set at the upper and lower positions of the individual support, so that the individual support can swing up and down with the pin as the fulcrum. Each group of individual press rollers 4 floats independently according to the height of the ridge terrain to complete the contouring operation.

[0033] Each group of press rollers floats independently, keeping them in close contact with the ridge. This ensures consistent compaction throughout the ridge, reduces soil moisture loss, and allows for close contact between seeds and soil, providing stable conditions for seed germination. Uniform power distribution ensures consistent operation of each group of press rollers. The spring assembly, combined with the pin hinge structure, allows the press rollers to adjust their position according to terrain changes, adapting to different ridge heights and meeting the requirements for field sowing and pressing.

[0034] A rotary tillage assembly 6 is installed at the front end of the frame 1. Driven by a power input mechanism 3, the rotary tillage assembly 6 is used for rotary tillage and soil breaking up before sowing. A fertilization assembly 7 is installed at the top of the frame 1. The fertilization assembly 7 includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer delivery pipe, and a fertilizer furrow opener, performing deep fertilization simultaneously with sowing. The fertilization assembly 7 is connected to the moving wheels 2 via a transmission, and the fertilizer dispensing rate is automatically adjusted according to the seeder's travel speed. A seeder 8 is correspondingly installed in front of each set of press rollers 4. The seeder 8 includes a seed box, a seed dispensing mechanism, a seed guide pipe, and a seed furrow opener. The machine operates synchronously with one row per sowing. The contour-following connection mechanism 5 is also equipped with a limit block to limit the vertical floating stroke of the individual support and prevent excessive lifting and lowering of the press roller. The chain drive assembly is also equipped with a tension wheel 9 to ensure stable chain drive and prevent chain slippage and tooth skipping. The individual press rollers 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the transverse direction of the frame 1, and the pressing width matches the row spacing. The rotary tillage assembly 6 is a micro-rotor structure, with the rotary tillage blade shaft arranged transversely with the frame 1. The rotary tillage depth is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism. The moving wheel 2 is a height-adjustable structure used to adjust the overall machine operating height and sowing depth.

[0035] Specifically: The rotary tillage component 6 is driven by the power input mechanism 3. During the seeder's movement, it tills and breaks up the soil in the field, making it loose and fine, providing a good soil foundation for subsequent sowing and compaction processes, ensuring smooth planting operations. Fertilizer in the fertilizer bin is transported to the fertilizer furrow opener via the fertilizer dispenser and fertilizer delivery pipe, completing deep fertilization simultaneously with sowing, eliminating the need for a separate fertilization step and improving the overall efficiency of farmland planting operations. The fertilizer application component 7 is connected to the moving wheels 2, which rotate with the seeder's movement, thereby driving the fertilizer dispenser. The amount of fertilizer dispensed automatically matches the seeder's speed, ensuring uniform fertilization per unit area. Each set of compaction rollers 4 has a corresponding seeder 8 in front of it. Seeds in the seed bin fall into the furrows opened by the seed furrow opener via the seed dispensing mechanism and seed guide pipe, achieving synchronous operation of one seed per row, allowing the sowing and compaction processes to be completed continuously. The limiting block constrains the vertical floating range of the single support, preventing the single support from causing the press roller to rise or fall beyond the working range, thus ensuring that the press roller is always in a stable working state. The chain drive assembly is equipped with a tension wheel 9 to maintain the chain at a suitable tension, ensuring stable cooperation between the sprocket and the chain and reducing chain slippage and tooth skipping during transmission. The press roller units 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the transverse side of the frame 1, and the working width of each set of press rollers matches the ridge spacing in the field, ensuring that each ridge receives compaction treatment from the corresponding press roller, and that the working state of each ridge is uniform. The rotary tillage blade shaft is arranged transversely along the frame 1, and its working coverage is adapted to the ridge width. At the same time, the rotary tillage depth can be changed with the help of the adjustment mechanism to adapt to the land preparation requirements under different soil conditions. The height of the machine can be changed by adjusting the height of the moving wheels 2, thereby adjusting the working height and sowing depth of the machine to adapt to the sowing needs of different plots and different crops.

[0036] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When the tractor pulls the seeder, the power is transmitted by the tractor's rear power output axial power input mechanism 3. After the power is transmitted through the gearbox, it is evenly distributed to each group of independent press rollers 4 through the sprocket and chain transmission assembly, driving each group of press rollers to operate stably. The individual support is hinged to the frame 1 by a pin. Under the action of the spring assembly, each group of press rollers 4 can float up and down independently with the height of the ridge as the fulcrum, so that the press roller always keeps in contact with the surface of the ridge, completing the contour pressing operation and making the compaction of the ridge consistent throughout.

[0037] During the movement of the seeder, the rotary tillage component 6 at the front end of the frame 1 is driven by the power input mechanism 3 to rotary till and break up the soil before sowing. The rotary tillage blade shaft of the micro rotary tillage structure is arranged horizontally, and the rotary tillage depth is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to provide loose and fine soil conditions for sowing. The fertilization component 7 at the top of the frame 1 works synchronously with the equipment. Fertilizer is applied to the soil from the fertilizer box through the fertilizer dispenser, fertilizer delivery pipe and fertilizer furrow opener. The fertilization component 7 is connected to the moving wheel 2 for transmission. The amount of fertilizer dispensed is automatically matched and adjusted according to the speed of the seeder to achieve uniform deep fertilization.

[0038] The seeders 8 in front of each set of press roller units 4 work synchronously. Seeds are sown from the seed box through the seed metering mechanism, seed guide tube, and seed furrow opener into the seed furrow, completing the synchronous sowing of one seed per row. The limiting block on the contour connection mechanism 5 restricts the floating stroke of the unit support to prevent excessive lifting and lowering of the press rollers and maintain stable operation. The tension wheel 9 on the chain drive assembly maintains the chain tension. Multiple sets of press roller units 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the transverse side of the frame 1, with the working width matching the row spacing. The pressing state of each row is uniform. The moving wheel 2 changes the overall working height through height adjustment, thereby adjusting the sowing depth to adapt to the sowing requirements of different plots and crops, and sequentially completes the continuous operation of rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, and pressing.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, based on the seeder with powered contour compaction function provided in the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a method for using a seeder with powered contour compaction function, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Pre-determine the operating parameters based on the ridge spacing, ridge height fluctuation range, soil type, and crop variety of the target plot: target ground pressure of a single 4-unit press roller. Target fertilizer application rate per unit area Target sowing depth, maximum allowable floating displacement of the press roller At the same time, the inherent structural parameters of the equipment and the effective working diameter of the press roller are calibrated. Effective rolling diameter of the 2 moving wheels The lever arm length from the hinge pin of the single bracket to the center of the press roller The lever arm length from the hinge pin to the spring assembly mounting point upper compression spring stiffness coefficient Stiffness coefficient of the lower tension spring 3. Total transmission ratio of power input mechanism The transmission ratio from the moving wheel 2 to the fertilizer dispenser ; Complete equipment commissioning according to calibration parameters: Adjust the initial preload of the spring assembly. The installation position of the limiting block of the contour connection mechanism 5, the tension of the tension wheel 9, the initial rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage component 6, the initial opening of the fertilizer applicator of the fertilizer applicator 7, and the initial parameters of the seeding mechanism of the seeder 8. Among them, the initial preload of the spring assembly Calibration is achieved using the following formula: In the formula, The self-weight of a single press roller unit 4 is given in units. ; This step, through the preload calibration formula, lays the foundation for constant pressure in the subsequent contour pressing operation, ensuring that the pressure of each set of pressing rollers on the ground is consistent in the initial state of the operation, and eliminating the problem of uneven pressing caused by the initial assembly error; Step 1: Connect the seeder to the tractor. Connect the tractor's rear power take-off shaft to the power input end of the gearbox of the power input mechanism 3. The tractor pulls the seeder to travel in the field at a speed v. At the same time, the tractor's rear power take-off shaft outputs power, which is evenly distributed to each group of individual press rollers 4 through the gearbox, sprocket and chain drive assembly, driving the press rollers to rotate stably. During the operation, the seeder's travel speed is collected in real time. With the speed of the tractor's power take-off shaft The rotational speed of the power output shaft is adjusted in real time using the following synchronization formula to ensure that the linear speed of the press roller rotation is synchronized with the speed of the seeder: In the formula, This refers to the driving speed of the pressure roller, expressed in r / min. The synchronous compensation coefficient ranges from 0.98 to 1.02 and is adjusted in real time according to the soil moisture content. This step uses a speed synchronization matching algorithm to solve the problem of mismatch between linear speed and travel speed that is prone to occur when the power-driven pressing roller is driven. This prevents the pressing roller from dragging soil, clogging soil, slipping and damaging the ridge structure, and ensures the smoothness of the pressing operation. At the same time, the tension wheel 9 maintains the chain tension in real time to prevent chain derailment and tooth skipping. Step 3: During the movement of the seeder, the power input mechanism 3 synchronously drives the rotary tillage component 6 to operate. The horizontally arranged rotary tillage blade shaft performs rotary tillage and soil breaking operation on the soil before sowing. During the operation, according to the ridge height fluctuation range specified in Step 1 and the real-time ridge height data, the rotary tillage depth adjustment mechanism adaptively adjusts the working depth of the rotary tillage component 6 to match the ridge height of the subsequent compaction operation. The rotary tillage operation width matches the ridge width, providing loose and uniform soil conditions for the subsequent sowing and compaction operations. Step 4: During the movement of the seeder, the fertilization component 7 and the seeder 8 start working simultaneously: the fertilization furrow opener opens the fertilization furrow, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer box is applied into the fertilization furrow through the fertilizer discharge device and fertilizer delivery pipe to complete deep fertilization. At the same time, the seed furrow opener opens the seed furrow, and the seeds in the seed box fall into the seed furrow through the seed discharge mechanism and seed guide pipe, realizing one seed per row and simultaneous operation of fertilization and sowing. During operation, the rotational speed of the moving wheel 2 is collected in real time. The real-time travel speed is obtained through the travel speed conversion formula. Then, the working speed of the fertilizer applicator is adjusted in real time through an adaptive matching formula to link the fertilizer discharge rate with the travel speed, ensuring a constant fertilizer application rate per unit area. In the formula, This refers to the instantaneous fertilizer discharge rate of the fertilizer discharger, expressed in kg / min. This refers to the total working width of the seeder, in meters. The transmission efficiency of the fertilizer discharger is taken as 0.9~0.98; This step uses a fertilizer application rate matching algorithm to solve the problem of uneven fertilization when the seeder moves at different speeds, avoids differences in crop growth caused by uneven fertilization, and achieves seamless connection between sowing and fertilization processes, thereby improving field operation efficiency. Step 5: After the sowing and fertilization operations are completed, the pressing rollers 4 of each group of ridges will simultaneously complete the pressing operation. During the operation, each group of pressing rollers 4 will swing up and down independently with the pin hinge structure of the contour connecting mechanism 5, following the ups and downs of the ridge surface, and will achieve floating contouring in conjunction with the upper and lower spring assemblies. During operation, the floating displacement of each individual press roller 4 is collected in real time. The spring force variation is compensated in real time by the following torque balance formula to ensure that the ground pressure of each press roller unit 4 remains stable at the target value. To achieve a high degree of uniform compaction across the entire field ridge: In the formula, This represents the floating displacement of a single support frame around the hinge pin, expressed in meters (m). Upward floating is positive, and downward floating is negative. At the same time, the maximum floating displacement calibrated in step one In conjunction with limit blocks, the vertical floating stroke of the individual support is restricted to prevent excessive lifting and lowering of the press roller, thus ensuring operational safety and pressure stability. Calibration is achieved using the following formula: In the formula, In order to cope with the upper limit of the pressure on the ground The maximum upward floating displacement, To cope with the lower limit of ground pressure The maximum downward floating displacement, The maximum swing angle of a single support unit is limited by the limit block; This step uses a contour-following pressure torque balance algorithm to achieve independent adaptive contour-following for each group of press rollers 4, solving the problems of uneven pressure and large differences in compaction of traditional integrated press rollers, effectively reducing soil moisture loss, ensuring seed-soil adhesion, and improving crop emergence uniformity. Step Six: Throughout the entire operation, the rotational speed, floating displacement, and ground pressure of each group of press rollers, the working parameters of the fertilizer applicator and seed applicator, and the tension status data of the chain drive components are collected in real time. When the ground pressure of the press roller exceeds the allowable fluctuation range, the speed synchronization error exceeds the threshold, or the chain tension is abnormal, the drive speed of the corresponding press roller is immediately adjusted through the power input mechanism 3, the preload is corrected through the spring adjustment component, and the chain tension is adjusted through the tension wheel 9 to form a closed-loop control throughout the entire process. When the floating stroke of a single support reaches the limit threshold, an early warning is triggered and the floating amplitude is limited to avoid damage to the equipment structure. Step 7: After the entire field operation is completed, first disconnect the power input to the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor. After the rotary tillage assembly 6, the press roller unit 4, the fertilizer applicator, and the seed metering mechanism stop operating, lift the seeder to the transport state, complete the equipment cleaning, reset and maintenance, and end this operation.

Claims

1. A seeder with a powered contour-following pressing function, characterized in that: It includes a frame (1), moving wheels (2), power input mechanism (3), press roller unit (4), and contouring connection mechanism (5); The power input mechanism (3) includes a gearbox, sprocket and chain drive assembly. Power is input from the rear power output shaft of the tractor and evenly distributed to each group of press roller units (4). The press roller unit (4) consists of multiple independent structures, each corresponding to a ridge body, including a press roller, a unit support and an elastic adjustment component; The contouring connection mechanism (5) hinges the single bracket to the frame (1) through a pin, and spring assemblies are set on the upper and lower parts of the single bracket to achieve independent floating contouring.

2. A seeder with a powered contour-following pressing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the frame (1) is provided with a rotary tillage assembly (6), which is driven by a power input mechanism (3) and is used to perform rotary tillage and soil breaking operations on the soil before sowing.

3. A seeder with a dynamic contour-following pressing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the frame (1) is provided with a fertilization assembly (7), which includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer delivery pipe and a fertilizer furrow opener, and completes deep fertilization operations at the same time as sowing.

4. A seeder with a dynamic contour-following pressing function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fertilizer application component (7) is connected to the moving wheel (2) via a transmission, and the amount of fertilizer applied is automatically adjusted according to the speed of the seeder.

5. A seeder with a powered contour-following pressing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A seeder (8) is provided in front of the press roller unit (4). The seeder (8) includes a seed box, a seed metering mechanism, a seed guide tube and a seed furrow opener to achieve simultaneous operation of one seed per row.

6. A seeder with a powered contour-following pressing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contouring connection mechanism (5) is also provided with a limit block to limit the vertical floating stroke of the single support and prevent the pressing roller from rising and falling excessively.

7. A seeder with a dynamic contour-following pressing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain drive assembly is also equipped with a tension wheel (9) to ensure stable chain drive and prevent chain slippage and tooth skipping.

8. A seeder with a dynamic contour-following pressing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The individual pressing rollers (4) are arranged at equal intervals along the transverse direction of the frame (1), and the pressing width matches the ridge spacing.

9. A seeder with a dynamic contour-following pressing function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary tillage assembly (6) is a micro-rotor structure, with the rotary tillage blade shaft and the frame (1) arranged laterally.

10. A method for a seeder with a dynamic contour-following compaction function according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-determine the operating parameters based on the ridge spacing, ridge height fluctuation range, soil type, and crop variety of the target plot: target ground pressure of a single unit (4) of the single press roller. Target fertilizer application rate per unit area Target sowing depth, maximum allowable floating displacement of the press roller At the same time, the inherent structural parameters of the equipment and the effective working diameter of the press roller are calibrated.

1. Effective rolling diameter of the moving wheel (2) The lever arm length from the hinge pin of the single bracket to the center of the press roller The lever arm length from the hinge pin to the spring assembly mounting point upper compression spring stiffness coefficient Stiffness coefficient of the lower tension spring 1. Power input mechanism (3) Total transmission ratio The transmission ratio from the moving wheel (2) to the fertilizer applicator ; Complete equipment commissioning according to calibration parameters: Adjust the initial preload of the spring assembly. The installation position of the limiting block of the contour connection mechanism (5), the tension of the tension wheel (9), the initial rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage assembly (6), the initial opening of the fertilizer applicator of the fertilizer applicator (7), and the initial parameters of the seed applicator (8). Among them, the initial preload of the spring assembly Calibration is achieved using the following formula: In the formula, The self-weight of a single press roller unit (4) is given in units of 1. ; This step, through the preload calibration formula, lays the foundation for constant pressure in the subsequent contour pressing operation, ensuring that the pressure of each set of pressing rollers on the ground is consistent in the initial state of the operation, and eliminating the problem of uneven pressing caused by the initial assembly error; Step 1: Connect the seeder to the tractor. Connect the rear power output shaft of the tractor to the power input end of the gearbox of the power input mechanism (3). The tractor pulls the seeder to travel in the field at a speed v. At the same time, the rear power output shaft of the tractor outputs power, which is evenly distributed to each group of press rollers (4) through the gearbox, sprocket and chain drive assembly, driving the press rollers to rotate stably. During the operation, the seeder's travel speed is collected in real time. With the speed of the tractor's power take-off shaft The rotational speed of the power output shaft is adjusted in real time using the following synchronization formula to ensure that the linear speed of the press roller rotation is synchronized with the speed of the seeder: In the formula, This refers to the driving speed of the pressure roller, expressed in r / min. The synchronous compensation coefficient ranges from 0.98 to 1.02 and is adjusted in real time according to the soil moisture content. This step solves the problem of mismatch between linear speed and travel speed that is easy to occur when the power-driven pressing roller is driven by a speed synchronization matching algorithm, avoids the pressing roller from dragging soil, clogging soil, slipping and damaging the ridge structure, and ensures the smoothness of the pressing operation. At the same time, the tension wheel (9) maintains the chain tension in real time to prevent chain derailment and tooth skipping. Step 3: During the movement of the seeder, the power input mechanism (3) synchronously drives the rotary tillage component (6) to operate. The horizontally arranged rotary tillage blade shaft performs rotary tillage and soil breaking operation on the soil before sowing. During the operation, according to the ridge height fluctuation range marked in Step 1 and the real-time ridge height data, the rotary tillage depth adjustment mechanism adaptively adjusts the working depth of the rotary tillage component (6) so that the rotary tillage depth is compatible with the ridge height of the subsequent compaction operation and the rotary tillage operation width is matched with the ridge width, providing loose and uniform soil conditions for the subsequent sowing and compaction operations. Step 4: During the movement of the seeder, the fertilization component (7) and the seeder (8) start working simultaneously: the fertilization furrow opener opens the fertilization furrow, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer box is applied into the fertilization furrow through the fertilizer discharge device and fertilizer delivery pipe to complete deep fertilization. The seed furrow opener opens the seed furrow simultaneously, and the seeds in the seed box fall into the seed furrow through the seed discharge mechanism and seed guide pipe to achieve one seed per row and simultaneous operation of fertilization and sowing. During the operation, the rotational speed of the moving wheel (2) is collected in real time. The real-time travel speed is obtained through the travel speed conversion formula. Then, the working speed of the fertilizer applicator is adjusted in real time through an adaptive matching formula to link the fertilizer discharge rate with the travel speed, ensuring a constant fertilizer application rate per unit area. In the formula, This refers to the instantaneous fertilizer discharge rate of the fertilizer discharger, expressed in kg / min. This refers to the total working width of the seeder, in meters. The transmission efficiency of the fertilizer discharger is taken as 0.9~0.98; This step uses a fertilizer application rate matching algorithm to solve the problem of uneven fertilization when the seeder moves at different speeds, avoids differences in crop growth caused by uneven fertilization, and achieves seamless connection between sowing and fertilization processes, thereby improving field operation efficiency. Step 5: After the sowing and fertilization operations are completed, the pressing rollers (4) of each group of ridges will simultaneously complete the pressing operation. During the operation, each group of pressing rollers (4) will swing up and down independently with the pin as the fulcrum as the undulation of the ridge surface through the pin hinge structure of the contour connection mechanism (5), and achieve floating contouring with the upper and lower spring components. During the operation, the floating displacement of each group of press rollers (4) is collected in real time. The spring force changes are compensated in real time by the following torque balance formula to ensure that the ground pressure of each group of press rollers (4) remains stable at the target value. To achieve a high degree of uniform compaction across the entire field ridge: In the formula, This represents the floating displacement of a single support frame around the hinge pin, expressed in meters (m). Upward floating is positive, and downward floating is negative. At the same time, the maximum floating displacement calibrated in step one In conjunction with limit blocks, the vertical floating stroke of the individual support is restricted to prevent excessive lifting and lowering of the press roller, thus ensuring operational safety and pressure stability. Calibration is achieved using the following formula: In the formula, In order to cope with the upper limit of the pressure on the ground The maximum upward floating displacement, To cope with the lower limit of ground pressure The maximum downward floating displacement, The maximum swing angle of a single support unit is limited by the limit block; This step uses a contour pressing torque balance algorithm to achieve independent adaptive contouring of each group of pressing roller units (4), which solves the problems of uneven pressure and large differences in compaction of traditional integrated pressing rollers, effectively reduces soil moisture loss, ensures that seeds adhere to the soil, and improves the uniformity of crop emergence. Step 6: Throughout the entire operation, the rotation speed, floating displacement, and ground pressure of each group of press rollers are collected in real time, as well as the working parameters of the fertilizer applicator and seed applicator, and the tension status data of the chain drive components. When it is detected that the ground pressure of the press roller exceeds the allowable fluctuation range, the speed synchronization error exceeds the threshold, or the chain tension is abnormal, the driving speed of the corresponding press roller is immediately adjusted through the power input mechanism (3), the preload is corrected through the spring adjustment component, and the chain tension is adjusted through the tension wheel (9) to form a closed-loop control throughout the entire process. When it is detected that the floating stroke of the single support reaches the limit threshold, an early warning is triggered and the floating amplitude is limited to avoid damage to the equipment structure. Step 7: After the entire field operation is completed, first cut off the power input to the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor. After the rotary tillage assembly (6), the press roller unit (4), the fertilizer applicator, and the seed applicator stop operating, lift the seeder to the transport state, complete the equipment cleaning, reset and maintenance, and end this operation.

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