Corn directional guiding device

Abstract

The application discloses a corn directional seed guiding device, wherein the seed guiding pulley set and the identification and turning unit are respectively installed on the two sides of the outer frame, the furrow opening and flattening unit fixed to the outer frame is installed directly below the identification and turning unit, the seed protection arc surface in the furrow opening and flattening unit is located directly below the direction maintaining and entering soil section; the side of the identification and turning unit facing the seed guiding pulley set is provided with a smooth gravity seed guiding working surface, the outer side of the seed guiding belt of the seed guiding pulley set is fixed with the partition plates used for supporting and conveying single corn seeds at equal intervals; the seed guiding belt, the partition plates, the gravity seed guiding working surface and the two side plates of the outer frame enclose the corn vertical seed guiding space with an open upper end, and the continuous seed protection arc surface area is arranged directly below the outlet of the gravity seed guiding working surface; and the thickness of the corn vertical seed guiding space between the seed guiding pulley set and the identification and turning unit is used for guaranteeing that the corn seeds in the corn vertical seed guiding space maintain the vertical state. The application can still maintain the directional sowing posture with the first surface upward after the seed is covered with soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sowing equipment technology, specifically relating to a corn directional sowing device, and more particularly to a device and method for directional sowing of corn seeds with the embryo surface facing upwards. Background Technology

[0002] Corn is one of my country's major grain crops, and its sowing quality directly affects the uniformity of emergence and the final yield. The orientation of the embryo surface of corn seeds in the soil influences the root development of the radicle, the emergence path of the plumule, and the early growth status of seedlings. When seeds germinate with a suitable and consistent embryo surface orientation, the growth direction of the radicle and plumule is more stable, which helps to shorten the emergence path, reduce energy consumption during germination, improve emergence speed and uniformity of the population, and thus provide a foundation for building a uniform population and improving the efficiency of light, water, and fertilizer use.

[0003] However, most existing corn planters use mechanical or pneumatic seed metering devices, which primarily focus on precision seeding and seed spacing control. They lack effective online recognition and control capabilities for seed spatial orientation, especially embryo orientation. During seed metering, guidance, and placement, seeds are prone to random tumbling, resulting in inconsistent embryo orientation and spatial posture after falling into the seed furrow. This leads to increased differences in the growth paths of the radicle and plumule, inconsistent emergence time and seedling growth, creating a "seedling of varying sizes" phenomenon that hinders uniform corn plant growth and the realization of yield potential.

[0004] Therefore, developing a device and method that can automatically identify the orientation of the germ surface of maize seeds during the sowing process and directionally control the seeds according to a preset target posture is of great significance for improving maize sowing quality, enhancing seedling uniformity, and improving population establishment quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a corn directional seeding device. The technical solution includes an outer frame with two side plates, a seed-guiding pulley assembly, an identification and turning unit, a soil-covering unit, and a trenching and flattening unit. The seed-guiding pulley assembly and the identification and turning unit are respectively installed on both sides of the outer frame. The trenching and flattening unit, fixed to the outer frame, is installed directly below the identification and turning unit. The seed-protecting arc surface of the trenching and flattening unit is located directly below the direction-maintaining soil-entry section. The soil-covering position of the soil-covering units installed on both sides of the outer frame is located behind the trenching and flattening unit.

[0006] The identification and flipping unit has a smooth gravity seed guiding working surface on one side facing the seed guiding pulley group. The seed guiding belt of the seed guiding pulley group has partition plates fixed at equal intervals on the outside for supporting and transporting single corn seeds. The seed guiding belt, partition plates, gravity seed guiding working surface and the two side plates of the outer frame form a vertical corn seed guiding space with an open top. A continuous seed protection arc surface area is provided directly below the outlet of the gravity seed guiding working surface.

[0007] The height of the vertical seed-guiding space between the seed-guiding pulley assembly and the seed-guiding belt is the first gap thickness H1. This thickness ensures that the corn seeds in the vertical seed-guiding space remain vertical. Before sowing, the corn seeds in the vertical seed-guiding space are always constrained by the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate and the seed-protecting arc surface, thus avoiding random slippage and secondary flipping. The first gap thickness H1... 1= Minimum width of seed W min ×K1, where K 1= 0.8~1.1.

[0008] The gravity-guided seeding working surface consists of, from top to bottom, a feeding section, an identification section, a transition and transportation section, a turning section, and a direction-maintaining soil-insertion section, among which:

[0009] The feeding section is located below the seed guide belt pulley assembly and is used to introduce seeds from the seeder or other equipment above. The height of the opening at the top of the feeding section is usually level with the beginning of the vertical section of the seed guide belt.

[0010] The identification section is equipped with an LED lighting device and an image acquisition module. The LED lighting device emits light that illuminates the seeds in the identification section at a low angle to reduce glare. The image is collected by the image acquisition module and sent to the data processing and control module. The data processing and control module is fixed in the identification and flipping unit through a dustproof and shockproof control box. The data processing and control module determines the orientation of the corn germ. If the set first side is facing the identification section, it sends a signal to the solenoid valve of the pulse-type air nozzle.

[0011] The transition transport section has a certain length to ensure the computing time and installation space of the data processing and control module. The outer end faces of the transition transport section and the identification section are flush to ensure that the blank surface direction and the identified surface are the same.

[0012] Turning Section: The gravity-guided seeding working surface has a seed rotation space in the turning section; the solenoid valves of all pulse-type air nozzles are electrically connected to the data processing and control module. The pulse-type air nozzles include at least a first air nozzle and a second air nozzle. Both air nozzles are arranged at a fixed installation angle and are controlled by solenoid valves, which can spray short and powerful airflows; after receiving a signal, the pulse-type air nozzles spray airflow to turn the corn seeds in the seed rotation space, so that when all corn seeds leave the turning section, the first side is facing upwards.

[0013] When the corn seed is in the orientation-maintaining soil section, its posture is limited and maintained, and the germ surface remains upward when it is in the seed-protecting arc surface of the furrowing and flattening unit. Specifically, when it is between the orientation-maintaining soil section and the seed-protecting arc surface area, the front end of the seed-protecting arc surface extends to the downstream position of the orientation-maintaining soil section in advance, forming a continuous corn arc seed-guiding space with the seed-supporting surface of the seed guide wheel group's partition plate. This allows the corn seed to enter the flat-lying channel in the soil before significant slippage that could cause posture instability occurs. In the flat-lying channel in the soil, the first surface remains upward.

[0014] The first face is set as either a blank face or a non-blade face.

[0015] The trenching and flattening unit includes: a trenching blade surface, a seed-protecting arc surface, a pressing surface, and a seed-protecting plane.

[0016] The foremost ditching blade is wedge-shaped and used for breaking the soil and creating trenches;

[0017] The pressing plane at the lower end of the trenching and flattening unit is set behind the trenching blade. Its lower surface is smooth and flat, and is used to compact and flatten the bottom of the trench.

[0018] The seed-protecting arc surface matches the lower contour of the seed-guiding pulley assembly. The upper end of the furrowing and flattening unit extends to the downstream of the transport and soil-injection section, forming a continuous seed-protecting arc surface area together with the partition plate of the seed-guiding pulley assembly. This arc surface area ensures that the seeds, after being adjusted in the turning section, gradually turn to a first-side-up position during transport. The height of the seed-protecting arc surface area is greater than the maximum thickness D of the corn seeds to be sown. max And it is less than the height required for the seed to complete the flipping, so that the seed can move with the seed guide pulley group but cannot be flipped a second time in this area;

[0019] The seed protection plane is a thin plate that extends backward and downward from the end of the pressing plane, forming an acute angle with the horizontal plane;

[0020] The top of the recognition segment has an attitude adjustment ramp.

[0021] The trenching and leveling unit also includes a soil cleaning brush, which is installed behind the seed protection arc surface. Its bristles slightly press against the surface of the seed guide pulley assembly to clean the separator plate.

[0022] The maximum point of the seed rotation space is the height H2 of the gap between the flipping sections. ;

[0023] The distance between the seed protection plane 505 and the bottom of the trench is H3, which is the reserved height of the seed protection plane. ;

[0024] The width of the pressing surface ;

[0025] Among them, K2, K3, and K4 are empirical coefficients, with values ​​ranging from 1.2 to 1.8, 1.5 to 2.2, and 1.2 to 2.0, respectively.

[0026] The front end of the seed-protecting arc is positioned at an angle α of 10° to 25° between the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate and the horizontal plane; the angle between the tangent direction at the end of the seed-protecting arc and the bottom of the seed furrow can be 0° to 10° to reduce the attitude disturbance during seed release.

[0027] The outer frame serves as the mounting frame for the entire unit. The seed guide belt in the seed guide belt wheel assembly is mounted approximately vertically on the outer frame via bearings and pulleys. The seed guide belt wheel assembly is driven by a servo motor or hydraulic motor. The moving speed of the seed guide belt in the seed guide belt wheel assembly is synchronized with the forward speed of the seeder to ensure zero-speed seeding.

[0028] The separator plate is perpendicular to the seed guide pulley assembly.

[0029] The soil covering unit consists of a pair of adjustable-angled soil covering wheels. The soil covering spring in the soil covering unit is connected between the outer frame and the soil covering wheel bracket to provide stable downward pressure. The upper end of the soil covering wheel bracket is hinged to the outer frame.

[0030] When the seed reaches the recognition segment, the image acquisition module captures an image of the seed under uniform illumination;

[0031] The data processing and control module uses a trained embryo surface recognition algorithm to analyze the embryo surface features, back features, seed tip features, seed base features, lateral edge features, and seed projection aspect ratio in the image in real time. It determines the seed's orientation as follows: embryo surface facing the image acquisition module (qualified posture), embryo surface facing away from the image acquisition module (flat reverse posture), side-standing posture, seed tip upright posture, seed base upright posture, or uncertain posture. At the same time, the system records the number of the separator plate where the seed is located, its angle position, or the time information of reaching the flipping section.

[0032] When the corresponding seed enters the turning section as the seed guide pulley group rotates, the control system triggers the pulse nozzle 303 at the corresponding position according to the attitude category and the jet parameter mapping table. Under a fixed jet direction, the pulse airflow is ejected according to the preset or calibrated nozzle number, jet pressure, jet duration, number of pulses and trigger time.

[0033] Specifically, for the qualified posture of the first face away from the image acquisition module, the pulse nozzle 303 is not triggered; for the flat reverse posture of the first face facing the image acquisition module, an air pressure of 0.14 to 0.22 MPa, a single air jet duration of 80 to 120 ms, and 2 to 3 pulse air jets are used to cause the seed to flip over.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. Achieved precise directional sowing: Through a combination of "image recognition + posture classification + fixed-angle pulse pneumatic attitude adjustment," corn seeds can be actively and online controlled to achieve an ideal sowing posture with uniform emergence, solving the problem of random seed posture.

[0036] 2. Ensures stable seed placement posture: Through multiple safeguards including seed guide wheel group partition plate support, continuous limiting transition section, seed protection arc surface constraint, near-horizontal tangential release, zero-speed seed placement, and seed protection plane protection, the seeds will not flip over when transported in the vertical seed guide space and seed protection arc surface area of ​​the corn, and will eventually turn into a "first side up" posture. This ensures that the seeds maintain the directional sowing posture with the first side up after falling into the seed furrow and being covered with soil. It avoids the problem of seeds flipping over and turning to the second side up under conditions of slight follow-up slippage or close-fitting slippage.

[0037] 3. Excellent adaptability and reliability: The key structural parameters of the device can be adaptively adjusted according to the size of different corn varieties, making it highly versatile. The soil-cleaning brush and adaptive soil pressure design improve the operational reliability of the device under complex field conditions.

[0038] 4. Ultimately, it can increase yield: By achieving rapid, uniform, and robust emergence, it is conducive to building a reasonable crop population, improving the utilization rate of light and heat resources, and laying a solid foundation for high and stable corn yields. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a corn orienting seeding device according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the identification and flipping unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the flipping unit and the seed guide pulley assembly are identified in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching and flattening unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the trenching and flattening unit from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the trenching and flattening unit and the seed guide wheel assembly cooperate in an embodiment of the present invention. The direction-maintaining soil entry section 104, the seed-protecting arc surface area 105, and the seed-feeding area 106 are used to show the process of the seed being supported by the partition plate 201, continuously limited, and released nearly horizontally until it falls into the seed trench. α is the angle between the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 of the seed guide wheel assembly and the horizontal plane.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a front view schematic diagram of the key gaps and dimensions near the flipping section in an embodiment of the present invention, where H1 is the thickness of the first gap and H2 is the height of the gap in the flipping section.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a front view schematic diagram of the key gaps and dimensions of the trenching and flattening unit in an embodiment of the present invention, where H3 is the reserved height of the seed protection plane.

[0048] Figure 10 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the key gaps and dimensions of the trenching and flattening unit in an embodiment of the present invention, where W is the width of the flattening plane.

[0049] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the electrical control system of the corn directional planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] in,

[0051] 1. Outer frame; 10. Gravity-guided seeding working surface; 101. Feeding section; 102. Identification section; 103. Turning section; 104. Direction-maintaining soil insertion section; 105. Seed protection arc surface area; 106. Seed placement area; 107. Soil clearing area; 108. Seed protection plane area; 109. Soil covering and seed protection area; 111. Transition and transportation section;

[0052] 2. Seed guide pulley assembly;

[0053] 3. Identification and flipping unit; 301. LED lighting device; 302. Image acquisition module; 303. Pulse air nozzle; 304. Control box;

[0054] 4. Soil covering unit; 401. Soil covering spring; 402. Soil covering wheel;

[0055] 5. Trenching and leveling unit; 501. Trenching blade; 502. Seed protection arc surface; 503. Soil cleaning brush; 504. Pressing surface; 505. Seed protection surface. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] like Figures 1-10The embodiment of the present invention shown includes: an outer frame 1 with two side plates, a seed guide pulley assembly 2, an identification and turning unit 3, a soil covering unit 4, and a trenching and flattening unit 5. The seed guide pulley assembly 2 and the identification and turning unit 3 are respectively installed on both sides of the outer frame 1. The trenching and flattening unit 5, which is fixed to the outer frame 1, is installed directly below the identification and turning unit 3. The seed protection arc surface 502 in the trenching and flattening unit 5 is located directly below the direction-maintaining soil entry section 104. The soil covering position of the soil covering unit 4 installed on both sides of the outer frame 1 is located behind the trenching and flattening unit 5.

[0058] The identification and flipping unit 3 has a smooth gravity seed guiding working surface 10 on one side facing the seed guiding pulley group 2. The seed guiding belt of the seed guiding pulley group 2 has partition plates 201 fixed at equal intervals on the outer side for supporting and transporting single corn seeds. The seed guiding belt, partition plates 201, gravity seed guiding working surface 10 and the two side plates of the outer frame 1 form a vertical corn seed guiding space with an open upper end. A continuous seed-protecting arc surface area 105 is provided directly below the outlet of the gravity seed guiding working surface 10.

[0059] The height of the vertical seed guiding space between the seed guiding pulley group 2 and the seed guiding pulley group 2 is the first gap thickness H1. This thickness is used to ensure that the corn seeds in the vertical seed guiding space remain vertical. Before seeding, the corn in the vertical seed guiding space is always limited by the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 and the seed-protecting arc surface, thereby avoiding random slippage and secondary flipping.

[0060] The gravity-guided seeding working face 10 is provided from top to bottom as follows: a feeding section 101, an identification section 102, a transition and transportation section 111, a turning section 103, and a direction-maintaining soil-insertion section 104.

[0061] The feeding section 101 is below the seed guide belt pulley group 2 and is used to introduce seeds from the seeder or other equipment above. The height of the opening at the upper end of the feeding section 101 is usually flush with the beginning of the vertical section of the seed guide belt.

[0062] An LED lighting device 301 and an image acquisition module 302 (such as an industrial camera) are provided at the identification section 102. The light emitted by the LED lighting device 301 illuminates the seeds in the identification section 102 at a low angle to reduce glare. The image is collected by the image acquisition module 302 and sent to the data processing and control module (a circuit board integrating a processor and memory). The data processing and control module is fixed in the identification and flipping unit 3 by a dustproof and shockproof control box 304. The data processing and control module determines the orientation of the corn germ. If the set first face is facing the identification section 102, a signal is sent to the solenoid valve of the pulse air nozzle 303. An attitude adjustment ramp is provided at the top of the identification section 102.

[0063] The first side is set as either the blank side or the non-blank side, depending on the needs (each with its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the environment), and the other side is the second side; in this embodiment, the first side is set as the blank side.

[0064] The transition transport section 111 has a certain length to ensure the time and installation space for the calculation data processing and control module. The outer end faces of the transition transport section 111 and the identification section 102 are flush to ensure that the blank surface direction and the identified ones are the same.

[0065] Turning section 103: The gravity seed guiding working surface 10 has a seed rotation space in the turning section 103. The maximum point of the seed rotation space is the height H2 of the gap between the turning sections. The solenoid valves of all pulse air nozzles 303 are electrically connected to the data processing and control module. The pulse air nozzles 303 include at least a first air nozzle and a second air nozzle. Both air nozzles are arranged at a fixed installation angle and are controlled by solenoid valves. They can spray short and powerful airflows. After receiving a signal, the pulse air nozzles 303 spray airflow to turn the corn seeds in the seed rotation space, so that when all corn seeds leave the turning section 103, the germ surface faces the seed guiding belt.

[0066] When the corn seed is in the orientation-maintaining entry section 104, its posture is limited and maintained. The orientation of the first side is maintained towards the seed guide belt in the seed-protecting arc surface 502 (seed-protecting arc surface area 105) and seed-protecting plane 505 (seed placement area 106) of the trenching and flattening unit 5. In the flat channel in the soil (each stage after soil covering, i.e., soil clearing area 107, seed-protecting plane area 108 and soil covering seed-protecting area 109), it is maintained facing upward. Among them, when between the orientation-maintaining entry section 104 and the seed-protecting arc surface area 105, the front end of the seed-protecting arc surface 502 extends to the downstream position of the orientation-maintaining entry section 104 in advance, forming a continuous corn arc seed-guiding space with the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 of the seed guide belt wheel group 2, so that the corn seed enters the flat channel in the soil before significant slippage that may cause posture instability.

[0067] The trenching and flattening unit 5 is fixed to the front end of the outer frame 1 by a connector. The trenching and flattening unit 5 is an integral block structure, including: trenching blade 501, seed protection arc surface 502, soil cleaning brush 503, pressing surface 504 and seed protection surface 505.

[0068] The foremost ditching blade 501 is made of wear-resistant steel plate and is wedge-shaped, used for breaking soil and opening trenches. The pressing plane 504 at the lower end of the ditching and flattening unit 5 is located behind the ditching blade 501, and its lower surface is smooth and flat, used for compacting and leveling the bottom of the trench. The seed-protecting arc surface 502 in the ditching and flattening unit 5 matches the contour of the lower part of the seed guide pulley group 2. The upper end of the ditching and flattening unit 5 extends downstream of the direction-maintaining soil entry section 104, and together with the partition plate 201 of the seed guide pulley group 2, forms a continuous seed-protecting arc surface area 105 (limiting transition function). The height of this limiting channel is also greater than the maximum thickness D of the corn seed to be sown. max The height is less than that required for the seeds to complete the flipping, so that the seeds can move with the seed guide pulley group 2 but cannot be flipped a second time in this area; the soil cleaning brush 503 is installed behind the seed protection arc surface 502, and its bristles slightly press the surface of the seed guide pulley group 2 to clean the separator plate 201; the seed protection plane 505 is a thin plate extending backward and downward from the end of the pressing plane 504, forming an acute angle with the horizontal plane; the distance between the seed protection plane 505 and the bottom of the ditch is the reserved height H3 of the seed protection plane.

[0069] The seed-protecting arc surface 502 and the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 together form a continuous limiting transition seed-protecting arc surface area 105, so that the seeds after being adjusted in the flipping area gradually turn to the "first side up" posture during the transportation process; the seed-protecting arc surface area 105 allows the seeds to undergo slight follow-up sliding or close sliding under the support of the partition plate 201, but also restricts their secondary flipping.

[0070] In this embodiment, the setting of key parameters is exemplified as follows: Assume the size range of the corn seed variety to be sown is: maximum seed length L max =12 mm, minimum seed width W min =10 mm, maximum seed width W max =12 mm, maximum seed thickness D max =8 mm, then set:

[0071] First gap thickness (Constrained posture) = Minimum seed width W min ×0.9=9 mm (take 9 mm to limit attitude flipping within the identification and transport sections).

[0072] Flipping section gap height (Provide flipping space) = Maximum seed width W max ×1.25=15 mm (take 15 mm to provide space for jet flipping within the flipping section).

[0073] Protective plane reserved height (Balancing seed protection and soil flow) = Maximum seed thickness D max×1.5=12 mm (take 12 mm, taking into account both seed protection and soil flow).

[0074] Pressing plane width (Balancing compaction effect and working resistance) = Maximum length L max ×1.8=21.6mm (take 22 mm, taking into account both the compaction effect of the trench bottom and the working resistance).

[0075] Among them, K1, K2, K3, and K4 are empirical coefficients, with values ​​ranging from 0.8 to 1.1, 1.2 to 1.8, 1.5 to 2.2, and 1.2 to 2.0, respectively.

[0076] The front end of the seed-protecting arc surface 502 can be positioned at an angle α of 10° to 25° between the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 and the horizontal plane. The angle between the tangent direction at the end of the seed-protecting arc surface 502 and the bottom of the seed furrow can be 0° to 10° to reduce the attitude disturbance during seed release.

[0077] The outer frame 1 is the mounting frame for the entire unit. The seed guide belt in the seed guide belt wheel assembly 2 is installed in the outer frame 1 approximately vertically through bearings and pulleys. The seed guide belt wheel assembly 2 is driven by a servo motor or hydraulic motor. The moving speed of the seed guide belt in the seed guide belt wheel assembly 2 is synchronized with the forward speed of the seeder to ensure zero-speed seeding.

[0078] In this embodiment, the partition plate 201 is perpendicular to the seed guide pulley group 2.

[0079] The soil covering unit 4 is installed at the rear of the outer frame 1. In this embodiment, the soil covering wheel 402 in the soil covering unit 4 is a pair of rubber wheels or metal wheels with adjustable tilt angle. The soil covering spring 401 in the soil covering unit 4 is connected between the outer frame 1 and the soil covering wheel 402 bracket to provide stable downward pressure. The upper end of the soil covering wheel 402 bracket is hinged to the outer frame 1.

[0080] The device operates as follows:

[0081] Before the sowing operation begins, the operator adjusts or replaces the inner lining plate of the identification and flipping unit 3 with the corresponding gap, adjusts the height of the seed protection plane 505, and selects or adjusts the width of the pressing plane 504 according to the size of the selected seed variety and the formula mentioned above. At the same time, the matching relationship between the drive speed of the seed guide pulley group 2 and the forward speed of the seeder is input into the control system.

[0082] During operation, the sowing process includes:

[0083] Stage 1: The seeds are fed through the feeding section 101 as the seed guide belt rotates. In the feeding section 101, the seeds are guided into the vertical seed guiding space of corn enclosed by the seed guide belt, the partition plate 201, the gravity seed guiding working surface 10 and the two side plates of the outer frame 1, and move downward as the seed guide belt rotates.

[0084] In stage 2, when the seed reaches the recognition segment 102, the image acquisition module 302 captures a clear image of the seed under uniform illumination. The data processing and control module can use a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model or other embryo surface recognition algorithms to analyze the embryo surface features, back features, seed tip features, seed base features, lateral edge features, and seed projection aspect ratio in the image in real time. The system determines the seed to be in a qualified posture with the embryo surface facing the image acquisition module 302, a flat reverse posture with the embryo surface facing away from the image acquisition module 302, a side-standing posture, a seed tip upright posture, a seed base upright posture, or an uncertain posture. At the same time, the system records the number of the separator plate 201 where the seed is located, its angle position, or the time information of its arrival at the flipping segment 103.

[0085] Stage 3: When the corresponding seed rotates into the flipping section 103 with the seed guide pulley group 2, the control system triggers the pulse nozzle 303 at the corresponding position according to the attitude category and the jet parameter mapping table. Under the fixed jet direction, the pulse airflow is ejected according to the preset or calibrated nozzle number, jet pressure, jet duration, number of pulses and trigger time.

[0086] Specifically, for the qualified posture of the embryo with its back to the image acquisition module 302, the pulse nozzle 303 is not triggered; for the flat reverse posture of the embryo with its face towards the image acquisition module 302, an air pressure of 0.14 to 0.22 MPa, a single air jet duration of 80 to 120 ms, and 2 to 3 pulse air jets are used to cause the seed to flip over.

[0087] Stage 4: The seed enters the soil in the same direction as section 104, and its posture is kept in a limited position.

[0088] Stage 5: When the seed is between the orientation-maintaining soil entry section 104 and the seed-protecting arc surface area 105, the front end of the seed-protecting arc surface 502 extends to the downstream position of the orientation-maintaining soil entry section 104 in advance, forming a continuous limiting transition section with the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 of the seed guide pulley group 2, so that the corn seed enters the limiting channel before significant slippage that may cause instability of posture can occur.

[0089] Stage 6: The seed is located between the orientation-maintaining soil section 104 and the seed-protecting arc surface area 105. The front end of the seed-protecting arc surface 502 extends to the downstream position of the orientation-maintaining soil section 104, forming a continuous limiting transition section with the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 of the seed guide pulley group 2. After being adjusted by the flipping section 103, the seed continues to move in this area with the seed guide pulley group 2 and gradually turns to the "first side up" posture. Slight follow-up slippage or contact slippage of the seed is allowed in the partition plate 201, but the joint constraint of the seed-protecting arc surface 502 and the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate 201 restricts it from flipping over a second time.

[0090] Stage 7: After the seeds are placed, the seed protection plane 505 blocks most of the frontal impact of the backfill soil from behind. Under the constant pressure provided by the soil covering spring 401, the soil covering wheel 402 smoothly pushes the soil on both sides into the soil covering and seed protection area 109, covering the seeds and completing moderate compaction.

[0091] Thus, a corn seed was precisely sown into the soil with its first side facing upwards, achieving the ideal position.

Claims

1. A corn-guided seeding device, characterized in that, include: The outer frame (1) with two side plates, the seed guide wheel assembly (2), the identification and turning unit (3), the soil covering unit (4), and the trenching and flattening unit (5) are respectively installed on both sides of the outer frame (1). The trenching and flattening unit (5), which is fixed to the outer frame (1), is installed directly below the identification and turning unit (3). The seed protection arc surface (502) in the trenching and flattening unit (5) is located directly below the direction-maintaining soil entry section (104). The soil covering position of the soil covering unit (4) installed on both sides of the outer frame (1) is located behind the trenching and flattening unit (5). The identification and flipping unit (3) has a smooth gravity seed guiding working surface (10) on one side facing the seed guiding pulley group (2). The seed guiding belt of the seed guiding pulley group (2) is fixed with partition plates (201) at equal intervals on the outside of the seed guiding belt for supporting and transporting single corn seeds. The seed guiding belt, partition plates (201), gravity seed guiding working surface (10) and the two side plates of the outer frame (1) form a vertical corn seed guiding space with an open top. A continuous seed-protecting arc surface area (105) is provided directly below the outlet of the gravity seed guiding working surface (10). The height of the vertical seed-guiding space between the seed-guiding pulley group (2) and the seed-guiding wheel group (2) is the first gap thickness H1. This thickness is used to ensure that the corn seeds in the vertical seed-guiding space remain vertical. Before sowing, the corn in the vertical seed-guiding space is always limited by the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate (201) and the seed-protecting arc surface, thus avoiding random slippage and secondary flipping. The first gap thickness H1 1= Minimum width of seed W min ×K1, where K 1= 0.8~1.

1.

2. The corn directional seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity-guided seeding working surface (10) is provided with, from top to bottom, a feeding section (101), an identification section (102), a transition and transportation section (111), a turning section (103), and a direction-maintaining soil-insertion section (104), wherein: The feeding section (101) is below the top of the seed guide belt pulley group (2) and is used to introduce seeds from the above seeder or other equipment. The height of the opening at the top of the feeding section (101) is usually flush with the beginning of the vertical section of the seed guide belt. An LED lighting device (301) and an image acquisition module (302) are provided at the identification section (102). The light emitted by the LED lighting device (301) illuminates the seeds in the identification section (102) in a low-angle sweeping manner to reduce reflection. The image is collected by the image acquisition module (302) and sent to the data processing and control module (a circuit board integrating a processor and memory). The data processing and control module is fixed in the identification and flipping unit (3) through a dustproof and shockproof control box (304). The data processing and control module determines the orientation of the corn germ surface. If the set first surface is facing the identification section (102), a signal is sent to the solenoid valve of the pulse air nozzle (303). The transition transport section (111) has a certain length to ensure the calculation time and installation space of the data processing and control module. The outer end faces of the transition transport section (111) and the identification section (102) are flush to ensure that the blank surface direction is the same as that of the identified blank. Turning section (103): Gravity seed guiding working surface (10) has a seed rotation space in the turning section (103); the solenoid valves of all pulse air nozzles (303) are electrically connected to the data processing and control module. The pulse air nozzle (303) includes at least a first air nozzle and a second air nozzle. Both air nozzles are arranged at a fixed installation angle and are controlled by solenoid valves. They can spray short and powerful airflows. After receiving a signal, the pulse air nozzle (303) sprays airflow to turn the corn seeds in the seed rotation space so that when all corn seeds leave the turning section (103), the first side is facing upwards. When the corn seed is in the orientation-maintaining soil entry section (104), its posture is limited and maintained, and the germ surface remains facing upward when it is in the seed-protecting arc surface (502) of the furrowing and flattening unit (5). Among them, when it is between the orientation-maintaining soil entry section (104) and the seed-protecting arc surface area (105), the front end of the seed-protecting arc surface (502) extends to the downstream position of the orientation-maintaining soil entry section (104) in advance, forming a continuous corn arc seed-guiding space with the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate (201) of the seed-guiding belt wheel group (2), so that the corn seed enters the flat channel in the soil before significant slippage that may cause posture instability occurs; the first surface remains facing upward in the flat channel in the soil.

3. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first face is set as either a blank face or a non-blade face.

4. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The trenching and flattening unit (5) includes: a trenching blade (501), a seed-protecting arc surface (502), a pressing surface (504), and a seed-protecting surface (505); The foremost trenching blade (501) is wedge-shaped and used for breaking soil and trenching; The pressing surface (504) at the lower end of the trenching and flattening unit (5) is set behind the trenching blade (501). Its lower surface is smooth and flat, and is used to compact and flatten the bottom of the trench. The seed-protecting arc surface (502) matches the lower contour of the seed-guiding pulley group (2). The upper end of the furrowing and flattening unit (5) extends to the downstream of the transport and soil-entry section (104) and together with the partition plate (201) of the seed-guiding pulley group (2), forms a continuous seed-protecting arc surface area (105). The seed-protecting arc surface area (105) causes the seeds, after being adjusted by the turning section, to gradually turn to the first-side-up position during the transport process. The height of the seed-protecting arc surface area (105) is greater than the maximum thickness D of the corn seeds to be sown. max And less than the height required for the seed to complete the flipping, so that the seed can move with the seed guide pulley group (2) but cannot be flipped twice in this area; The seed protection plane (505) is a thin plate that extends backward and downward from the end of the pressing plane (504) and forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane; The top of the identification segment (102) is provided with an attitude adjustment ramp.

5. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The trenching and leveling unit (5) also includes a soil cleaning brush (503), which is installed behind the seed protection arc surface (502). Its bristles slightly press the surface of the seed guide pulley group (2) to clean the partition plate (201).

6. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The maximum point of the seed rotation space is the height H2 of the gap between the flipping sections. ; The distance between the seed protection plane 505 and the bottom of the trench is H3, which is the reserved height of the seed protection plane. ; The width of the pressing surface ; Among them, K2, K3, and K4 are empirical coefficients, with values ​​ranging from 1.2 to 1.8, 1.5 to 2.2, and 1.2 to 2.0, respectively.

7. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The front end of the seed-protecting arc surface (502) is positioned at an angle α of 10° to 25° between the seed-supporting surface of the partition plate (201) and the horizontal plane; the angle between the tangent direction at the end of the seed-protecting arc surface (502) and the bottom of the seed furrow is 0° to 10° to reduce the attitude disturbance when the seeds are released.

8. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer frame (1) is the mounting frame for the entire unit. The seed guide belt in the seed guide belt wheel assembly (2) is installed in the outer frame (1) approximately vertically through bearings and pulleys. The seed guide belt wheel assembly (2) is driven by a servo motor or hydraulic motor. The moving speed of the seed guide belt in the seed guide belt wheel assembly (2) is synchronized with the forward speed of the seeder. The separator plate (201) is perpendicular to the seed guide pulley assembly (2); The soil covering wheel (402) in the soil covering unit (4) is a pair of wheels with adjustable inclination angle. The soil covering spring (401) in the soil covering unit (4) is connected between the outer frame (1) and the soil covering wheel (402) bracket to provide stable downward pressure. The upper end of the soil covering wheel (402) bracket is hinged to the outer frame (1).

9. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the seed reaches the recognition segment (102), the image acquisition module (302) captures an image of the seed under uniform illumination; The data processing and control module uses a trained embryo surface recognition algorithm to analyze the embryo surface features, back features, seed tip features, seed base features, lateral edge features, and seed projection aspect ratio in the image in real time. It determines the seed as a qualified posture with the embryo surface facing the image acquisition module (302), a flat reverse posture with the embryo surface facing away from the image acquisition module (302), a side-standing posture, a seed tip standing posture, a seed base standing posture, or an uncertain posture. At the same time, the system records the number of the separator plate (201) where the seed is located, the angle position, or the time information of reaching the flipping section (103).

10. A corn directional seeding device according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the corresponding seed rotates into the flipping section (103) along with the seed guide pulley group (2), the control system triggers the pulse nozzle 303 at the corresponding position according to the attitude category and the jet parameter mapping table, and sprays out pulse airflow according to the preset or calibrated nozzle number, jet pressure, jet duration, number of pulses and trigger time under a fixed jet direction; Specifically, for the qualified posture of the first face-back image acquisition module (302), the pulse nozzle 303 is not triggered; for the flat reverse posture of the first face-to-image acquisition module (302), a jet pressure of 0.14 to 0.22 MPa, a single jet duration of 80 to 120 ms, and 2 to 3 pulse jets are used to cause the seed to flip over.

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