A push plate type precise seeding machine for yam

Abstract

The application discloses a push plate type precise yam seeding machine, and the whole machine frame is sequentially arranged with a ditching unit, a material and seed distributing bin unit, two-row seeding execution units and a soil covering unit from front to back; the material and seed distributing bin unit is provided with a herringbone-shaped flow distribution guide plate matched with an adjustable width adjusting plate to adapt to yams with different lengths, and the flow distribution guide plate and the double-sided push plate mechanism form a W-shaped cross section; the push plate type feeding mechanism adopts three-layer stepped fixed plates and two linkage push movable plates, is intermittently lifted by a motor push rod, and realizes automatic single-particle feeding; a rudder control blocking plate is arranged in the middle of a seed dropping slide, and when the blocking plate is blocked, automatic bud hole alignment is completed by the weight of the seed potato, and the single-particle and double-particle seeding modes can be switched by adjusting the opening and closing frequency of the blocking plate. The device can complete two-row synchronous seeding by only one person sitting and feeding, greatly reduces the number of workers and labor intensity, has strong adaptability to seed potato specifications, uniform seeding plant spacing, uniform bud hole orientation, and significantly improves single-machine operation efficiency, and meets the demand of yam large-scale precision planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural root crop sowing machinery technology, specifically involving a push-plate type precision yam planter, which is suitable for simultaneous mechanized sowing of two rows of yam cutting seed potatoes in ridges, and can meet the needs of simplified and precise agronomic operations in large-scale yam planting. Background Technology

[0002] Yam is a dual-purpose economic crop used for both medicinal and culinary purposes, and its planting area in China is expanding year by year. Yam seed tubers are irregularly shaped rods of varying lengths and thicknesses. Planting agronomy requires uniform plant spacing and consistent bud orientation, placing extremely high demands on the seed tuber posture control, quantitative planting, and automated feeding capabilities of the planting equipment. Currently, the mainstream yam planting methods in China are divided into two categories: purely manual planting and semi-mechanized trough-type belt conveyor planting.

[0003] Manual sowing is labor-intensive, with a daily operating area of ​​less than 3 mu (approximately 0.2 hectares), high labor costs, and poor sowing consistency, making it completely unsuitable for large-scale contiguous planting. The most widely used trough-type belt yam planter on the market consists of a traction frame, a furrowing plow, a conveyor belt with an arc-shaped groove, a double-sided manual operating platform, and a soil covering and compaction mechanism. The belt groove spacing is fixed, and during operation, 6 to 7 workers are required to follow the machine throughout the entire process, continuously bending over to place the yams one by one into the belt groove.

[0004] Existing trough-type belt seeders have four inherent technical defects: First, they are highly dependent on manual labor, requiring a large number of workers. During the yam planting season, there is a significant labor shortage, and labor costs significantly increase the barrier to entry for planting. Second, their operating efficiency is entirely limited by the speed of manual seed placement. A 10-hour workday can only cover 8 acres, and large-scale planting requires multiple machines operating in parallel, resulting in high equipment investment costs. Third, the belt groove size is fixed, only suitable for a single size of seed potato. Deviations in thickness and length can easily cause seed potatoes to get stuck or crushed, reducing the germination rate in the field. Fourth, they lack a bud eye correction structure and cannot switch between single / double seed planting modes. After planting, the bud eyes are oriented randomly, resulting in uneven germination and making them unsuitable for the dense planting and high-yield agronomic requirements of different yam varieties.

[0005] The existing equipment lacks an integrated structure for automatic material storage, distribution, and tiered feeding, making it impossible to achieve single-person operation and fully automatic material distribution and feeding, and difficult to adapt to the development trend of modern agriculture towards less manpower and standardized planting. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical shortcomings of existing trough-type belt yam planters, such as high labor requirements, low automation, poor seed potato compatibility, and insufficient planting precision, this invention provides a push-plate type precision yam planter. It adopts a structure combining a stepped lifting push-plate automatic feeding system with a servo motor-controlled seed placement, achieving automatic yam feeding, single-seed pushing, bud eye orientation alignment, and quantitative planting, significantly reducing labor requirements and improving seed potato compatibility and planting precision.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a push-plate type precision yam planter, including a frame, and a furrowing unit, a seed distribution bin unit, a two-row sowing execution unit, and a soil covering unit arranged sequentially from front to back along the working direction of the frame.

[0008] The trenching unit includes two symmetrically arranged trenchers. The trenchers are V-shaped plow plate structures, which are fastened to the lower front of the frame with bolts. As the machine moves, they pre-open two parallel planting trenches of equal width and depth, providing regular trenches for subsequent planting.

[0009] The seed distribution unit consists of a vertical front panel, a vertical rear panel, and a herringbone-shaped diversion guide plate. The front and rear panels are parallel to each other and rigidly connected at their lower parts by the herringbone-shaped diversion guide plate, which is inverted V-shaped. This guide plate automatically diverts the centrally placed yam seed potatoes to the left and right sides, supplying them to the left and right planting execution units respectively. A slidable feed bin width adjustment plate is mounted on the diversion guide plate. Two horizontal push-pull rods are fixed at the rear end of the adjustment plate. These rods pass through guide holes in the rear panel, and pushing or pulling them forward or backward changes the distance between the adjustment plate and the front panel to accommodate yam segments of different lengths. The diversion guide plate, combined with the push-plate feeding mechanism on both sides, has a W-shaped vertical cross-section, ensuring that the seed potatoes slide smoothly into the stepped slide of the push plate without accumulation or blockage.

[0010] Each side is equipped with a seeding execution unit. Each unit includes a push-plate feeding mechanism and a seed dropping slide assembly. The lower end of the push-plate feeding mechanism is connected to the lower discharge side of the diversion guide plate, and the upper high-position discharge port is seamlessly connected to the upper port of the seed dropping slide assembly. The lower port of the seed dropping slide is vertically aligned with the planting furrow opened by the furrow opener.

[0011] The push-plate feeding mechanism is the core automatic feeding component of this invention, comprising three parallel, inclined, and fixed push plates, two movable push plates, a movable connecting plate, and a servo drive assembly (electric push rod). The three push plates are bent and fixed to the frame at both ends, arranged in a stepped, inner-high, outer-low layered manner. The innermost fixed plate receives the seed potatoes sliding down from the diversion guide plate. An independent planar slide is formed between two adjacent push plates, and a movable push plate is slidably assembled in each slide. A gap smaller than the minimum diameter of the yam is reserved between the push plates and the movable push plates to prevent the seed potatoes from falling through the gap. The lower ends of the two movable push plates are rigidly connected as a whole by the movable connecting plate. The lower end of the electric push rod is hinged to the frame, and the upper end is hinged to the outer side of the movable connecting plate. The electric push rod extends and retracts to drive the two movable push plates to intermittently rise and fall along the inclined slide. The upper ends of the three fixed plates and the two movable plates are all bent outward to form a guide support edge. The multi-level support edges work together to complete the step-by-step lifting of the yam and the single-layer single-grain conveying.

[0012] The seed-dropping slide assembly is fixedly installed on the outermost upper side of the outermost push-fixing plate, and consists of a seed-dropping trough, a movable baffle plate, and a rudder mechanism. The seed-dropping trough is an inclined trough with a higher front and lower rear, and is formed by a seed-dropping bottom plate and two parallel seed-dropping side plates. The width of the trough is perfectly matched with the width of the field planting furrow, which constrains the downward posture of the seed potatoes. A movable baffle plate is horizontally hinged in the middle of the trough, and the rudder mechanism is fixed to the outer wall of the side plate. The output shaft of the rudder mechanism is rigidly connected to the rotating shaft of the baffle plate. The rudder mechanism drives the baffle plate to swing around the rotating shaft to realize the sealing / opening of the slide channel. When the baffle plate is closed, it receives the downward-sliding seed potatoes. Relying on the weight of the seed potatoes, the bud end face is made to fit the vertical surface of the baffle plate, and the bud orientation is automatically unified.

[0013] The soil covering unit includes two sets of symmetrical soil covering devices. Each set of soil covering devices is equipped with two toothed soil covering discs. The soil covering devices are fixed below the rear of the machine frame and correspond to two planting trenches respectively. After the seeds are planted, the soil on both sides of the trenches is collected simultaneously to complete the soil covering and compaction process.

[0014] Two wheels are mounted at the bottom of the frame to support the machine. A traction suspension frame is welded to the front of the frame, which can be quickly assembled with a tractor traction device. A storage rack is fixed to the front of the upper part of the frame for pre-piling large quantities of yam seed potatoes. A foot pedal is fixed to the rear of the frame, and a seat is mounted on the pedal, allowing the operator to complete centralized feeding while seated, greatly reducing fatigue from standing and bending over. The electric push rod and servo motor are electrically connected to the whole machine control system. The control system can independently set the push frequency of the electric push rod, the opening and closing interval of the servo motor baffle, and the duration of each opening, so as to freely switch between single-seed and double-seed planting modes.

[0015] Using the above technical solution, the specific functions of each component in this invention are as follows: Frame: The main load-bearing structure of the machine, integrating all functional units; the front traction suspension enables the tractor to traction and travel, while the bottom wheels reduce resistance when moving in the field. Ditching unit (ditch opener): A trench forming component placed before operation, which opens two rows of planting trenches of the same size at one time, providing a regular planting position for seeding; The seed distribution unit features a single-person centralized feeding and storage system, automatic left and right diversion components, and a herringbone diversion guide plate to ensure even distribution of batches of seed potatoes to both sides of the planting mechanism. The silo width adjustment plate adapts to seed potatoes of different lengths, eliminating the problems of material piling and jamming caused by different lengths. The W-shaped cross-section structure ensures that the seed potatoes smoothly enter the push plate slide. Push-plate feeding mechanism: The core component of fully automatic stepped single-grain feeding, three stepped fixed plates + two linked movable plates form a multi-level lifting and conveying channel; electric push rod synchronously drives the two movable plates to lift and lower intermittently, relying on the guide support edge to lift the seed potatoes step by step, forcing single-layer separation and preventing multiple potatoes from being stacked and conveyed, realizing automatic feeding without manual assistance; gap design prevents seed potatoes from falling. Seed drop chute assembly: bud eye orientation correction + quantitative seed control components; inclined trough constrains the downward posture of seed potatoes to avoid tilting; servo motor drives the baffle to realize channel opening and closing control, and completes the uniform alignment of bud eyes when the baffle is stationary and blocked; the frequency of baffle opening and closing can be adjusted by the program to flexibly switch between single-seed dense planting and double-seed high-yield agronomic modes. Covering unit (covering device): After sowing, a soil covering and compaction component is placed. The toothed covering disc gathers the soil from the edge of the furrow and covers the yam seed potatoes to ensure the soil environment for seedling emergence. Storage rack, foot pedal + seat: Human-machine matching components. The storage rack stores seed potatoes in advance, and the operator can sit or stand to feed the potatoes without having to bend over continuously, which greatly reduces labor intensity. Control system: The central control unit for the machine's motion, synchronously matching the feeding rhythm of the electric push rod with the seeding rhythm of the servo motor, and precisely controlling the plant spacing and the number of seeds dropped.

[0016] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Significantly reduce labor and lower labor costs: Abandoning the traditional belt conveyor with 6-7 people simultaneously planting, this equipment only requires 1 operator to sit and feed materials to complete the simultaneous planting of two rows, eliminating seasonal labor shortages, reducing labor input by more than 85%, and operators do not need to bend over continuously, significantly reducing labor intensity.

[0017] (2) The seed potato specifications are universally compatible and there is no problem with the potato being stuck or damaged: the seed storage compartment is equipped with adjustable width adjustment plates to accommodate different lengths of cuttings; the stepped push plate structure has no fixed grooves and adapts to the thickness of the yam by relying on the inclined support edge, so there is no problem of the belt groove squeezing and breaking, and the field emergence rate is increased by 10% to 15%.

[0018] (3) Automatic orientation and alignment of buds, high degree of standardization in sowing: The middle of the seed drop slide is equipped with a rudder motor to control the baffle plate. When the seed potato stops sliding down, it relies on its own weight to make the buds face forward uniformly. No manual correction is required. The buds are in the same direction when entering the soil, and the seedlings are neat and uniform, which meets the agronomic requirements of large-scale yam standardized planting.

[0019] (4) Adjustable sowing mode to adapt to diverse agronomy: By adjusting the opening and closing frequency of the servo motor through the control system, the single-seed dense planting and double-seed high-yield sowing modes can be switched with one click. One device can adapt to different yam varieties and different planting density requirements, making the device more versatile.

[0020] (5) Automated continuous operation, greatly improving work efficiency: It realizes continuous operation of ditching, automatic material distribution, step-by-step material pushing, bud eye correction, quantitative seeding and soil covering. A single person can work on 16 to 20 acres in 10 hours, which is more than twice that of traditional belt seeders, reducing the number of large-scale planting equipment required.

[0021] (6) Simultaneous operation on both sides, stable and reliable structure: The left and right sets of push plate feeding mechanisms are driven by electric push rods in sync, and the W-type diversion bins provide balanced material supply. The spacing between the two rows of seed plants and the number of seeds are completely uniform. The overall mechanical structure has no belt wear or slippage defects, resulting in a lower failure rate in the field and lower maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall shape of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the seed distribution unit and the seeding execution unit; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the push plate of the pusher-type feeding mechanism at its lowest position; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the push plate of the pusher-type feeding mechanism during the pushing process; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the seed-dropping slide assembly and the trenching unit.

[0023] Explanation of the labels in the attached drawings: 1-Frame; 2-Ditching unit; 3-Seed distribution unit; 4-Sowing execution unit; 5-Soil covering unit; 6-Seat; 7-Front compartment plate; 8-Rear compartment plate; 9-Diverting guide plate; 10-Pushing fixed plate; 11-Pushing movable plate; 12-Modible connecting plate; 13-Servo drive assembly (electric push rod); 14-Guide support edge; 15-Seed dropping trough; 16-Modible baffle plate; 17-Steering motor; 18-Bug width adjustment plate; 19-Push-pull rod; 20-Walking wheel; 21-Storage rack; 22-Step pedal. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 5 The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be fully and clearly described, and those skilled in the art can process, assemble and realize the operation of the whole machine based on the embodiments without creative labor.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a push-plate type precision yam planter. The main supporting component is the frame 1. The frame 1 is equipped with a furrowing unit 2, a seed distribution unit 3, two symmetrically arranged seeding execution units 4, and a soil covering unit 5 in sequence from front to back along the tractor traction direction. The bottom of the frame 1 is equipped with two walking wheels 20, and the front end is welded with a traction suspension frame, which can be quickly connected to the tractor traction device. The upper front side of the frame 1 is fixed with a storage rack 21 for storing batches of yam cuttings and seed potatoes. The rear side of the frame is fixed with a foot pedal 22, and a seat 6 is installed on the foot pedal, so that the operator can sit and complete the feeding operation.

[0026] The trenching unit 2 includes two symmetrical V-shaped trenchers, which are bolted to the lower front of the frame 1. The lateral spacing of the two trenchers matches the spacing of two rows of yam planting. As the machine moves, two parallel planting trenches are dug in advance. The width and depth of the trenches can be adjusted up and down by the bolts.

[0027] Combination Figure 2 The material distribution bin unit 3 is formed by welding together a front bin plate 7, a rear bin plate 8, and a herringbone-shaped diversion guide plate 9. The front bin plate 7 and the rear bin plate 8 are vertically parallel and opposite each other, and their bottoms are rigidly welded to the diversion guide plate 9. The diversion guide plate 9 is inverted V-shaped, with a centralized feeding port at the top and discharge edges on the left and right sides of the bottom, which respectively connect to two sets of push-plate feeding mechanisms. The diversion guide plate 9 has long strip-shaped grooves on the front and back, and a bin width adjustment plate 18 is slidably installed in the grooves. Two horizontal push-pull rods 19 are vertically fixed at the rear end of the adjustment plate 18. A circular guide hole is opened at the corresponding position of the rear bin plate 8, and the push-pull rods 19 extend outward from the guide hole. The operator can adjust the longitudinal distance between the bin width adjustment plate 18 and the front bin plate 7 by pushing and pulling the push-pull rods 19 back and forth, which can accommodate yam segments of different lengths from 10 to 30 cm and avoid long potatoes getting stuck and short potatoes piling up. After the diversion guide plate 9 is combined with the left and right push plate feeding mechanism, the vertical cross section is W-shaped. The seed potatoes slide smoothly into the push plate stepped slide along the inclined surfaces on both sides of the diversion guide plate without accumulation or blockage.

[0028] Each seeding execution unit 4 includes a push-plate feeding mechanism and a seed dropping slide assembly. The left and right sets of structures are completely symmetrical and operate synchronously.

[0029] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 Detailed description of the push-plate feeding mechanism structure and pushing action: The push-plate feeding mechanism includes three fixed pushing plates 10, two movable pushing plates 11, a movable connecting plate 12, and a servo drive assembly 13 (electric push rod); the three fixed pushing plates 10 are bent at both ends and bolted to the frame 1. The three fixed plates are arranged in a stepped layered manner along the inner and outer directions, with the innermost plate being higher than the outermost. The upper end of the innermost fixed pushing plate 10 receives the yam seed tubers sliding down from the diversion guide plate 9; an independent inclined plane slide is formed between two adjacent fixed pushing plates 10, and a movable pushing plate 11 is slidably assembled inside each slide; the push-plate... The fixed plate 10 and the push movable plate 11 are parallel to each other, with a 1-5mm gap between them (smaller than the minimum diameter of conventional yam seed potatoes) to prevent seed potatoes from falling through the gap; the lower ends of the two push movable plates 11 are synchronously welded and fixed to the movable connecting plate 12 to realize the linkage and synchronous lifting of the two movable plates; the lower end of the electric push rod 13 is hinged to the fixed support of the frame 1, and the upper end of the electric push rod 13 is hinged to the outer wall of the movable connecting plate 12; the upper ends of the three push fixed plates 10 and the two push movable plates 11 are all bent outward to form a 45° guide support edge 14, and the multi-level support edge forms a stepped lifting and conveying channel.

[0030] In the push-plate feeding mechanism, a planar slide is formed between two adjacent push-fixed plates 10. The surface of the push-fixed plate 10 directly forms a lateral limiting and sliding support for the push-movable plate 11, ensuring the sliding reliability of the push-movable plate 11 in reciprocating lifting without the need for additional guide rails. A small gap is reserved between the push-movable plate 11 and the push-fixed plate 10. This gap is smaller than the minimum diameter of the yam seed tuber, which can avoid the sliding jamming problem caused by processing tolerances and soil debris, and prevent the yam seed tuber from leaking out of the mating gap, thus stably realizing the step-by-step single-grain lifting and feeding.

[0031] Complete material pushing process: Figure 3 To push the movable plate 11 to its lowest reset state, at this time the movable plate is fully retracted to the lower part of the slide, and the yam seed potatoes sliding down the diversion guide plate stop on the innermost push fixing plate 10's guide support edge 14; the control system outputs a signal to drive the electric push rod 13 to extend upward, driving the movable connecting plate 12 and the two push movable plates 11 to rise upward along the inclined slide (e.g. Figure 4 In the upward pushing state, the guide support edge 14 of the pusher plate 11 lifts the bottom single yam seed one level upward; after the electric push rod 13 extends to its maximum stroke, the seed potato rolls to the support edge of the outer first-level pusher plate 10 under the gravity of the inclined guide support edge 14; then the electric push rod 13 retracts and resets, and the pusher plate 11 slides downward back to its original position. Figure 3 At the lowest position, the push fixing plate 10 prevents the seed potatoes from falling back with the movable plate; the electric push rod 13 continuously reciprocates, realizing the step-by-step single-layer lifting and conveying of the yam, and finally pushing the single yam to the high discharge end of the outermost push fixing plate 10, and smoothly feeding it into the seed dropping slide assembly through the guide support edge 14. The left and right sets of electric push rods extend and retract synchronously to ensure that the feeding rhythm of the two rows is completely unified.

[0032] Combination Figure 5 The structure of the seed-dropping slide assembly and the seed control and bud correction process are explained as follows: The seed-dropping slide assembly is fixed on the outer side of the upper end of the outermost push fixing plate 10, and consists of a seed-dropping trough 15, a movable baffle plate 16, and a servo motor 17. The seed-dropping trough 15 is formed by a seed-dropping bottom plate and two parallel seed-dropping side plates, which together form an inclined trough that is higher in the front and lower in the back. The width of the inner cavity of the trough is equal to the width of the planting furrow opened by the furrow opener, which limits the left and right deviation of the seed potatoes. A rotating shaft runs horizontally through the middle of the seed-dropping trough 15, and a movable baffle plate 16 is fixed on the rotating shaft. The baffle plate 16 can swing around the rotating shaft by 90°. The servo motor 17 is bolted to the outer wall of the outer seed-dropping side plate, and the output shaft of the servo motor 17 is rigidly connected to the rotating shaft of the baffle plate 16 on the same axis.

[0033] Seed placement and bud alignment process: Under normal conditions, servo motor 17 drives movable baffle 16 to horizontally block the internal channel of seed placement trough 15; the yam delivered from the high position of the pusher mechanism slides down along the bottom plate of seed placement trough 15 and finally stops against the vertical surface of movable baffle 16; the yam seed tuber is an irregular rod-shaped tuber with a bud at one end and a blunt, rounded end. Under the action of its own weight, the end with the bud naturally faces forward and fits against the vertical surface of baffle 16, automatically completing the uniform alignment of all the buds of the tubers to be planted; the control system outputs a signal according to the set mode to drive servo motor 17 to flip baffle 16 to open the channel: Single-seed planting mode: The opening and closing frequency of the servo motor corresponds one-to-one with the pushing frequency of the electric push rod. Each time the baffle is opened, only one seed potato aligned with the bud eye is released and falls into the planting ditch below. Double-seed planting mode: Reduce the opening and closing frequency of the servo motor, and after the baffle continuously receives two seed potatoes with aligned buds, it flips and opens, and the two seed potatoes slide into the soil simultaneously, keeping the buds facing the same direction.

[0034] The soil covering unit 5 includes two sets of symmetrical soil covering devices. Each set of soil covering devices is equipped with two toothed soil covering discs. The soil covering device support is bolted to the lower part of the rear of the frame 1, corresponding to the two planting ditches respectively. After the seed potatoes fall into the ditch, they continue to move along with the machine. The toothed soil covering discs on both sides gather the surface soil of the ditch, completely covering the yam seed potatoes, and simultaneously completing the soil covering and compaction process.

[0035] The complete field operation process of the whole machine of the present invention is as follows: Step 1: Pre-operation debugging: Push and pull the push rod 19 according to the length of the yam segments, and adjust the position of the hopper width adjustment plate 18 to match the seed potatoes; set the electric push rod pushing frequency (matching the target plant spacing) and servo motor opening and closing parameters through the control system, and select the single / double seed planting mode. Step 2: The tractor pulls the frame 1 and moves at a constant speed along the yam planting ridge. Simultaneously, the front ditching unit 2 opens two parallel planting ditches. The operator sits on the seat 6 of the foot pedal 22 and continuously feeds the batch of yams stacked on the storage rack 21 into the top feeding port of the seed distribution unit 3. Step 3: Seed potatoes fall into the herringbone-shaped diversion guide plate 9 and are automatically diverted along the left and right inclined surfaces to the inner stepped slides of the two sets of push-plate feeding mechanisms; Step 4: The left and right electric push rods 13 extend and retract synchronously and intermittently, driving the pusher plate 11 to reciprocate and lift, conveying the yam piece by piece upwards to the high-level discharge port. Step 5: The yam enters the seed trough 15 and slides down. It is stopped by the closed movable baffle 16 and relies on its own weight to complete the uniform alignment of the buds. The servo motor 17 flips the baffle at a preset frequency to release a quantitative amount of seed potatoes, which fall precisely into the planting ditch below. Step 6: The soil covering unit 5 at the rear of the frame simultaneously gathers the soil to cover the seed potatoes, completing the entire mechanized sowing process of trenching, material distribution, automatic material pushing, bud eye correction, quantitative seeding, and soil covering in one go.

[0036] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions, or local optimizations made based on the structural principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A push-plate type precision yam planter, characterized in that: It includes a frame, and a trenching unit, a seed distribution unit, a two-row seeding execution unit, and a soil covering unit arranged sequentially from front to back along the working direction of the frame; The ditching unit includes two ditchers, which are symmetrically fixed to the lower part of the front of the frame and used to open two parallel planting furrows in the field. The material sorting bin unit includes a vertically arranged front bin and a rear bin, with the lower part of the front bin and the rear bin connected by a herringbone-shaped diversion guide plate. Two rows of seeding execution units are respectively set on the left and right sides of the diversion guide plate. Each row of seeding execution units includes a push plate feeding mechanism and a seed dropping slide assembly. The lower end of the push plate feeding mechanism is connected to the lower side of the diversion guide plate. The vertical cross section formed by the diversion guide plate and the push plate feeding mechanisms on the left and right sides is W-shaped. The seed dropping slide assembly is located outside the push plate feeding mechanism. The upper end of the push plate feeding mechanism is connected to the upper port of the seed dropping slide assembly. The lower port of the seed dropping slide assembly is located directly behind the trenching unit. The soil covering unit includes two soil covering devices, which are symmetrically fixed below the rear of the machine frame and located directly behind the two furrow openers, corresponding to the two planting furrows, for covering and compacting the planting furrows after sowing.

2. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pusher-type feeding mechanism includes a fixed pusher plate, a movable pusher plate, a movable connecting plate, and a servo drive assembly. Three fixed pusher plates are arranged at an angle and parallel to each other. The front and rear sides of the three fixed pusher plates are bent and fixedly installed on the frame. The three fixed pusher plates are arranged in a stepped shape, with the innermost plate higher than the outermost plate. The upper end of the innermost fixed pusher plate connects to the lower side of the diversion guide plate. Two movable pusher plates are provided. A planar slide rail exists between each pair of adjacent fixed pusher plates. One movable pusher plate is slidably mounted within each planar slide rail. The movable pusher plate connects with the fixed pusher plate... A gap is left between the fixed plates, the gap being smaller than the minimum diameter of the yam seed tuber. The lower ends of the two push movable plates are connected as one unit by the movable connecting plate. The lower end of the servo drive assembly is hinged to the frame, and the upper end of the servo drive assembly is hinged to the outer side of the movable connecting plate. The servo drive assembly is used to drive the push movable plates to perform intermittent reciprocating lifting and lowering motion along the inclined direction of the push fixed plates. The upper ends of the three push fixed plates and the two push movable plates are all provided with guide support edges bent towards the outward discharge direction, which are used to support and push the yam seed tuber step by step upward.

3. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seed-dropping slide assembly is fixedly installed on the outer side of the upper end of the outermost push-fixing plate. The seed-dropping slide assembly includes a seed-dropping trough, a movable baffle plate, and a servo motor. The seed-dropping trough is a trough-shaped structure with a higher front and lower rear. The upper inlet of the seed-dropping trough corresponds to the high outlet of the push-fixing plate, and the lower outlet of the seed-dropping trough corresponds to the planting furrow in the field. The movable baffle plate is horizontally hinged to the middle of the seed-dropping trough via a rotating shaft. The servo motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the seed-dropping trough. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the movable baffle plate. The servo motor is used to drive the movable baffle plate to swing around the rotating shaft to open or block the internal channel of the seed-dropping trough. When the movable baffle plate is in the closed state, it is used to block the yam seed potatoes sliding down the seed-dropping trough, so that the bud end of the yam seed potato is attached to the vertical surface of the movable baffle plate, and the bud eyes are aligned, so that the planting spacing can be controlled.

4. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed hopper width adjustment plate is slidably mounted on the diversion guide plate along the front-to-back direction. Two push-pull rods are fixedly connected to the rear side of the feed hopper width adjustment plate. Both push-pull rods are horizontally mounted along the front-to-back direction. The rear feed hopper plate has guide holes for the push-pull rods to pass through. By moving the push-pull rods back and forth, the distance between the feed hopper width adjustment plate and the front feed hopper plate can be adjusted to accommodate yam seed potatoes of different lengths.

5. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outermost pusher plate has a bent guide support edge at the top that connects to the inner side of the upper feed inlet of the seed trough, which is used to smoothly guide the yam seed potatoes pushed to a high position into the seed trough.

6. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The servo drive component is an electric push rod; the two push-plate feeding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the left and right, and the servo drive components of the two push-plate feeding mechanisms are driven synchronously to achieve synchronous feeding on both sides, corresponding to the synchronous sowing of two rows of yams.

7. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed-dropping trough is composed of a seed-dropping base plate and two parallel seed-dropping side plates. The width of the inner groove of the seed-dropping trough matches the width of the planting ditch, which is used to restrain the downward movement of the yam seed potatoes and ensure that the seed potatoes fall accurately into the planting ditch.

8. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the frame is equipped with two symmetrical traveling wheels, and the front of the frame is equipped with a traction suspension frame for connecting to external traction equipment. The upper part of the frame is equipped with a storage rack and a foot pedal. The storage rack is located above the front of the seed distribution unit and is used to stack yam seed potatoes. The foot pedal is located at the rear of the seed distribution unit and is equipped with a seat for the operator. The operator places the seed potatoes from the storage rack onto the herringbone-shaped diversion guide plate. The seed potatoes slide and divert on the left and right sides of the diversion guide plate to the upper guide support edge of the innermost pusher plate.

9. The push-plate type precision yam planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The servo drive assembly and the servo motor are electrically connected to a control system. The control system is used to adjust the opening and closing frequency and the duration of each opening. When the opening and closing frequency of the servo motor corresponds one-to-one with the feeding frequency of the servo drive assembly, single-seed precision planting is achieved. When the servo motor opens once after receiving two seed potatoes, double-seed planting mode is achieved.

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