Tobacco field transplanting and film covering integrated machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of tobacco planting machinery, and more particularly to a tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine, comprising: a vehicle frame, two tires are symmetrically connected to the front and rear ends of the vehicle frame, a mounting frame is slidably connected in the vehicle frame, and a transplanting mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the mounting frame. By arranging the vertical groove, the first guide inclined groove, the second guide inclined groove and the third guide inclined groove, the first guide inclined groove is used to provide horizontal compensation movement opposite to the advancing direction of the vehicle frame in the soil entering stage of the transplanting mechanism, so as to offset the advancing speed of the vehicle body, make the movement track of the transplanting cylinder relative to the ground approach to vertical, thereby avoiding transverse tearing and expansion, ensuring the heat preservation function of the mulching film and inhibiting the growth of weeds under the film; and the second guide inclined groove is used to provide reverse horizontal compensation in the same direction in the soil exiting stage, so that the transplanting cylinder exits along the formed vertical hole track, thereby avoiding secondary tearing and damage to the mulching film and the soil hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tobacco planting machinery, and in particular to an integrated machine for transplanting and mulching tobacco fields. Background Technology

[0002] Mulching is a key technology widely used in flue-cured tobacco production in my country. Mulching effectively increases soil temperature, retains soil moisture, improves soil ecological conditions in tobacco fields, promotes early and rapid seedling growth and late-stage maturation and yellowing of tobacco plants, playing a vital role in increasing tobacco yield and quality. With the advancement of agricultural mechanization, tobacco transplanting and mulching operations are gradually developing towards mechanization and integration, and various combined transplanting and mulching equipment has been developed and applied.

[0003] However, existing integrated tobacco transplanting and mulching machines still have the following technical shortcomings: For example, the transplanting device of existing transplanting equipment inserts downward into the soil while moving forward with the vehicle. Since the transplanting cylinder has both horizontal and vertical speeds, its actual trajectory is a parabola that tilts forward. When the transplanting cylinder punctures the mulch film, it creates an oval-shaped hole with a horizontal tear. Especially when the vehicle speed is high, the horizontal displacement is large, and the tear in the film is more severe. Excessive damage to the mulch film not only weakens its heat preservation function, but also easily leads to the growth of weeds under the film, affecting the growth of tobacco seedlings.

[0004] To address these issues, this invention proposes an integrated machine for transplanting and mulching tobacco seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine, comprising: a frame, wherein two tires are symmetrically and rotatably connected at the front and rear ends of the frame, an installation frame is slidably connected inside the frame, and a transplanting mechanism is provided at the bottom end of the installation frame; Two guide plates are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the frame. The sidewalls of the guide plates are provided with guide grooves, which include vertical grooves, a first guide inclined groove, a second guide inclined groove, and a third guide inclined groove. The first guide groove is connected to the vertical groove, the second guide groove is connected to the first guide groove, and the third guide groove is connected to both the vertical groove and the second guide groove. The first guide groove and the second guide groove have the same inclination angle. Two sliding pins are symmetrically fixedly connected to the mounting bracket, and the sliding pins are slidably connected in the guide groove; The pushing mechanism is linked to the tire. When the tire rotates one revolution, the pushing mechanism drives the mounting frame to move up and down for one cycle.

[0006] Preferably, the actuating mechanism includes: A telescopic frame, which is slidably connected to the vehicle frame, and the telescopic end of the telescopic frame is fixedly connected to the mounting frame; An eccentric wheel is mounted on the axle of a tire. A bushing is fitted over the eccentric wheel, and a slider is fixedly connected to the top of the bushing. The slider is slidably connected to the telescopic frame.

[0007] Preferably, the transplanting mechanism includes: A fixed frame, which slides on a mounting frame, has symmetrically fixed feed hoppers at both ends, with the top of the feed hoppers penetrating the mounting frame; A screw, which is rotatably connected to a mounting bracket, with its bottom end threadedly connected to a fixed bracket; The fixed frame has two movable seats symmetrically slidably connected at both ends. A duckbill shell is fixedly connected inside the movable seat, and the duckbill shell is connected to the feed hopper. The driving component drives two duckbill shells at corresponding positions to move away from each other after the duckbill shells are inserted into the soil, and drives the two duckbill shells to close together after the duckbill shells leave the soil.

[0008] Preferably, the driving component includes: A drive frame is slidably connected to a fixed frame. Two drive plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to both ends of the drive frame, and two drive grooves are symmetrically opened on the sidewalls of the drive plates. The movable seat has two drive pins symmetrically fixedly connected to its side wall, and the drive pins are slidably connected in the drive groove. A cylinder is fixedly connected to a fixed frame, and the telescopic rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to a drive frame.

[0009] Preferred options also include: A position sensor is mounted on the chassis and is used to detect the lifting position parameters of the telescopic frame. A controller, mounted on the vehicle frame, is used to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder based on position parameters detected by a position sensor.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a tobacco seedling feeding mechanism, the tobacco seedling feeding mechanism comprising: Two synchronous belts are symmetrically and rotatably connected to the frame. Several tobacco seedling barrels are fixedly connected in an array on the synchronous belts. A sealing mechanism is provided at the bottom of each tobacco seedling barrel. The sealing mechanism is opened during the docking of the feed hopper and the tobacco seedling barrel, so that the tobacco seedlings fall into the feed hopper automatically. A rotary drive mechanism for driving a synchronous belt to rotate.

[0011] Preferably, the rotary drive mechanism includes: Two synchronous pulleys are rotatably connected to the frame, and the synchronous pulleys mesh with a synchronous belt; A drive gear, the position of which corresponds to the third guide groove is fixed coaxially with the synchronous pulley; A drive rack is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the sealing mechanism includes: Two sealing plates are symmetrically and rotatably connected to the bottom of the tobacco seedling barrel; A pushing block is fixed coaxially with a sealing plate, and a torsion spring is fixedly connected between the pushing block and the tobacco seedling barrel; A push roller is fixedly connected to the top of the feed hopper.

[0013] Preferred options also include: Two compression barrels are symmetrically and fixedly connected to a fixed frame. A piston is slidably connected inside each compression barrel. An inlet pipe and a drain pipe are fixedly connected inside each compression barrel. A first check valve and a second check valve are respectively installed in the inlet pipe and the drain pipe. A push plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston rod, and a push groove is provided on the side wall of the push plate; A pusher frame is fixedly connected to a movable seat, and a pusher pin is fixedly connected to the end of the pusher frame. The pusher pin slides in a pusher groove. A flexible hose, one end of which is connected to a drain pipe and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a movable seat.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a coating roller, the two ends of which are rotatably connected to the front end of the frame via flanges, and a pressing roller is rotatably connected inside the frame.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: I. This invention, by setting up a vertical groove, a first guide sloping groove, a second guide sloping groove, and a third guide sloping groove, utilizes the first guide sloping groove to provide horizontal compensation movement opposite to the forward direction of the vehicle frame during the transplanting mechanism's soil entry stage. This offsets the forward speed of the vehicle body, making the movement trajectory of the transplanting cylinder relative to the ground nearly vertical, thereby preventing the expansion of lateral tearing, ensuring the heat preservation function of the mulch film, and inhibiting the growth of weeds under the film. During the soil exit stage, the second guide sloping groove provides reverse horizontal compensation in the same direction, allowing the transplanting cylinder to exit along the trajectory of the already formed vertical hole, avoiding secondary tearing damage to the mulch film and the soil pit.

[0016] Second, by setting up a pushing mechanism, the present invention keeps the transplanting frequency synchronized with the tire speed. When the vehicle speed increases, the transplanting frequency automatically increases, and when the vehicle speed decreases, the transplanting frequency automatically decreases, thereby ensuring that the plant spacing between two adjacent tobacco seedlings remains constant under variable speed operation conditions.

[0017] Third, this invention links the lifting cycle of the tobacco seedling feeding mechanism and the transplanting mechanism, and sets the drive rack and drive gear to mesh at a specific position when the sliding pin rises along the third guide groove to the vertical groove, so that the synchronous belt only steps one station in each transplanting cycle. With the cooperation of the sealing mechanism, it automatically opens when the feeding hopper docks with the tobacco seedling bucket and automatically closes when it detaches, so as to achieve automatic and precise seedling feeding one seedling at a time, avoiding seedling leakage and seedling jamming.

[0018] IV. This invention, by setting up a compression tank, piston, push plate and push frame, allows the squeezing liquid to spray out from the inner wall of the duckbill shell when the duckbill shell opens to water the roots of the tobacco seedlings in a fixed and quantitative manner when the duckbill shell closes; when the duckbill shell closes, the piston resets and automatically draws in liquid through the water inlet pipe to complete the water replenishment, realizing watering while planting and eliminating the need for subsequent manual watering. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide plate and the drive gear of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the mounting bracket and the fixing bracket of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the fixed frame and the movable seat in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the timing pulley and the timing belt in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the compression barrel and the movable seat in this invention; Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the guide plate and the guide groove of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Tire; 3. Coating roller; 4. Pressing roller; 5. Guide plate; 6. Guide groove; 601. Vertical groove; 602. First guide sloping groove; 603. Second guide sloping groove; 604. Third guide sloping groove; 7. Mounting bracket; 8. Sliding pin; 9. Drive rack; 10. Telescopic frame; 11. Eccentric wheel; 12. Bushing; 13. Slider; 14. Fixing frame; 15. Screw; 16. Feed hopper; 17. Push roller; 18. Movable seat; 19. Duckbill shell; 20. Drive pin; 20. Push frame 2 1. Push pin 22. Drive frame 23. Drive plate 24. Drive sloping groove 25. Cylinder 26. Position sensor 27. Controller 28. Synchronous belt 29. Synchronous pulley 30. Drive gear 31. Tobacco seedling barrel 32. Sealing plate 33. Push block 34. Torsion spring 35. Compression barrel 36. Piston 37. Water inlet pipe 38. First one-way valve 3801. Drain pipe 39. Second one-way valve 3901. Hose 40. Push plate 41. Drive sloping groove 42. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 9 The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine shown includes: a frame 1, two tires 2 symmetrically rotatably connected at the front and rear ends of the frame 1, a mounting frame 7 slidably connected inside the frame 1, and a transplanting mechanism set at the bottom of the mounting frame 7; Two guide plates 5 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the frame 1. The side wall of the guide plate 5 is provided with a guide groove 6, which includes a vertical groove 601, a first guide inclined groove 602, a second guide inclined groove 603, and a third guide inclined groove 604. The first guide groove 602 is connected to the vertical groove 601, the second guide groove 603 is connected to the first guide groove 602, and the third guide groove 604 is connected to the vertical groove 601 and the second guide groove 603 respectively. The first guide groove 602 and the second guide groove 603 have the same inclination angle. Two sliding pins 8 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 7, and the sliding pins 8 are slidably connected in the guide groove 6; The driving mechanism works in conjunction with the tire 2. When the tire 2 rotates one revolution, the driving mechanism drives the mounting frame 7 to move up and down one cycle. The pushing mechanism includes: a telescopic frame 10, which is slidably connected to the frame 1, and the telescopic end of the telescopic frame 10 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 7; An eccentric wheel 11 is mounted on the axle of the tire 2. A bushing 12 is mounted on the outer sleeve of the eccentric wheel 11. A slider 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the bushing 12. The slider 13 is slidably connected to the telescopic frame 10. In existing technology, the transplanting device of current transplanting equipment inserts downwards into the soil while the vehicle moves forward. Because the transplanting cylinder has both horizontal and vertical speeds, its actual trajectory is a forward-sloping parabola. When the transplanting cylinder punctures the mulch film, it creates a transversely torn elliptical hole in the film. The tearing is more severe, especially at higher vehicle speeds. This not only weakens the insulation function but also easily leads to weed growth under the film, affecting the growth of tobacco seedlings. This technical solution can solve the above problems. The specific operation is as follows: When the invention is in operation, the frame 1 is driven forward on the tobacco field ridge by a tractor (such as a tractor), and the two tires 2 roll in the furrows, providing forward power and operation drive source for the whole machine; During the rotation of tire 2, the axle of tire 2 drives the eccentric wheel 11 to rotate synchronously. When the eccentric wheel 11 rotates, due to the existence of the eccentricity, it drives the bushing 12 and the slider 13 to make eccentric rotation around the axis of tire 2, thereby driving the telescopic frame 10 to move up and down to the mounting frame 7. When the mounting frame 7 begins to move downward, the sliding pin 8 first slides downward along the vertical groove 601. At this time, the mounting frame 7 moves vertically downward as a whole, and the transplanting mechanism approaches the mulch and ridge surface vertically downward to ensure accurate rupture point. When the sliding pin 8 slides to the bottom of the vertical groove 601 and enters the first guide sloping groove 602 connected to the vertical groove 601, since the first guide sloping groove 602 is inclined relative to the vertical groove 601, the sliding pin 8, while continuing to slide downward, drives the mounting frame 7 and the transplanting mechanism to generate a horizontal displacement opposite to the forward direction of the frame 1, i.e., horizontal compensation movement. The speed of this reverse horizontal displacement cancels out the forward speed of the frame 1, making the movement trajectory of the transplanting mechanism relative to the ground approach vertical, thereby piercing the mulch and inserting it into the soil in an approximately vertical posture. The mulch opening is a regular circle to avoid the expansion of lateral tearing. When the sliding pin 8 slides to the end along the first guide sloping groove 602, the transplanting mechanism moves to the bottom and releases the tobacco seedlings into the soil hole through the transplanting mechanism to complete the planting. After planting, the mounting frame 7 moves upward, and the sliding pin 8 enters the second guide groove 603 from the end of the first guide groove 602. The second guide groove 603 is inclined in the opposite direction to the first guide groove 602 relative to the vertical groove 601, and the inclination angle is the same. When the sliding pin 8 slides upward along the second guide groove 603, it drives the transplanting mechanism to move upward and generate a horizontal displacement opposite to the forward direction of the frame 1, that is, the soil removal compensation movement. The purpose of this excavation compensation movement is as follows: Since the vehicle body continues to move forward during the short period from the time the transplanting cylinder enters the soil to the time it is excavated, if the transplanting cylinder is pulled out only in a vertical direction, its movement trajectory relative to the ground will be an inclined line, which is likely to cause secondary tearing and interference to the mulch and the soil hole. By providing horizontal compensation in the opposite direction of forward movement during the excavation stage, the movement trajectory of the transplanting cylinder relative to the ground during the extraction process is also close to vertical, and it exits along the already formed vertical hole trajectory, thereby avoiding secondary damage to the mulch and the soil hole. When the sliding pin 8 slides along the second guide groove 603 to the end and enters the third guide groove 604, the transplanting mechanism leaves the soil. The sliding pin 8 slides upward along the third guide groove 604 and enters the vertical groove 601, and then moves to the top of the vertical groove 601. Since the power of the driving mechanism comes from the rotation of the tire 2, the eccentric wheel 11 rotates synchronously once for every rotation of the tire 2, and the mounting frame 7 completes one transplanting of tobacco seedlings. Therefore, the transplanting frequency is always synchronized with the forward speed of the frame 1. When the vehicle speed increases, the rotation speed of the tire 2 increases, and the transplanting frequency increases accordingly; when the vehicle speed decreases, the transplanting frequency decreases accordingly, which helps to ensure that the plant spacing between two adjacent tobacco seedlings remains constant.

[0023] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the transplanting mechanism includes: The fixed frame 14 slides on the mounting frame 7. The fixed frame 14 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the two ends of the fixed frame 14, and the top of the feeding hopper 16 passes through the mounting frame 7. Screw 15 is rotatably connected to mounting bracket 7, and the bottom end of screw 15 is threadedly connected to fixed bracket 14. The fixed frame 14 has two movable seats 18 symmetrically slidably connected at both ends. A duckbill shell 19 is fixedly connected inside the movable seat 18, and the duckbill shell 19 is connected to the feed hopper 16. The driving component drives the two duckbill shells 19 at corresponding positions to move away from each other after the duckbill shells 19 are inserted into the soil, and drives the two duckbill shells 19 to close together after they leave the soil. The driver components include: The drive frame 23 is slidably connected to the fixed frame 14. Two drive plates 24 are symmetrically fixedly connected to both ends of the drive frame 23. Two drive grooves 25 are symmetrically opened on the side wall of the drive plate 24. The movable seat 18 has two drive pins 20 symmetrically fixedly connected to its side wall, and the drive pins 20 are slidably connected in the drive groove 25. Cylinder 26 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 14, and the telescopic rod of cylinder 26 is fixedly connected to the drive frame 23. Position sensor 27 is mounted on the frame 1 and is used to detect the lifting position parameters of the telescopic frame 10. The controller 28 is mounted on the frame 1 and is used to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder 26 according to the position parameters detected by the position sensor 27. Specifically, by setting screw 15, the distance between mounting frame 7 and fixed frame 14 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the planting depth. At the same time, by setting drive frame 23 and drive plate 24, when the duckbill shell 19 moves to the specified depth, the position sensor 27 detects the first position parameter of telescopic frame 10, the controller 28 starts cylinder 26, causing drive frame 23 to move downward and drive plate 24 to move downward. Drive pin 20 and drive groove 25 generate relative displacement. Under the drive of drive groove 25, the two duckbill shells 19 at the corresponding positions move away from each other, thereby releasing the tobacco seedlings for transplanting. After the duckbill shell 19 moves upward and detaches from the soil, the position sensor 27 detects the second position parameter, and the controller 28 controls the cylinder 26 to make the drive frame 23 move upward and the drive plate 24 move upward. Under the drive of the drive chute 25, the two duckbill shells 19 close together to prepare for the next transplant.

[0024] As a further embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a tobacco seedling feeding mechanism, which includes: two synchronous belts 29, which are symmetrically rotatably connected to the frame 1, and several tobacco seedling buckets 32 are fixedly connected in an array on the synchronous belts 29. A sealing mechanism is provided at the bottom of the tobacco seedling bucket 32. The sealing mechanism is opened during the docking process between the feeding hopper 16 and the tobacco seedling bucket 32, so that the tobacco seedlings automatically fall into the feeding hopper 16. A rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the synchronous belt 29 to rotate. The rotary drive mechanism includes two synchronous pulleys 30, which are rotatably connected to the frame 1, and the synchronous pulleys 30 mesh with the synchronous belt 29; The drive gear 31 is fixed coaxially with the synchronous pulley 30 at the position corresponding to the third guide groove 604. The drive rack 9 is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 7. Specifically, by setting up a synchronous belt 29, a synchronous pulley 30, and a drive rack 9, when the mounting frame 7 drives the sliding pin 8 to slide upward along the third guide groove 604 to the vertical groove 601, the drive rack 9 moves upward synchronously with the mounting frame 7. When the sliding pin 8 is about to enter the vertical groove 601, the drive rack 9 and the drive gear 31 mesh, causing the synchronous pulley 30 to rotate by a fixed angle. The synchronous belt 29 then moves forward one station, the drive rack 9 and the drive gear 31 disengage, the synchronous belt 29 stops rotating, and the tobacco seedling barrel 32 remains stationary, thereby allowing the next tobacco seedling barrel 32 filled with tobacco seedlings to move to the designated position. When the sliding pin 8 moves upward along the vertical groove 601, the feeding hopper 16 connects with the tobacco seedling bucket 32, the sealing mechanism at the designated position opens, allowing the tobacco seedlings to automatically fall into the feeding hopper 16 and slide into the duckbill shell 19 along the feeding hopper 16, completing the automatic seedling feeding. When the sliding pin 8 moves downward along the vertical groove 601, the feeding hopper 16 disengages from the tobacco seedling bucket 32, the sealing mechanism at the designated position closes, and the bottom of the tobacco seedling bucket 32 ​​is sealed. Through the above structure, the stepping action of the tobacco seedling feeding mechanism is linked with the lifting cycle of the transplanting mechanism. Only one tobacco seedling is transported in each transplanting cycle, and the seedling is placed only when the transplanting mechanism is raised to the highest position. This ensures that the tobacco seedling falls accurately into the duckbill shell 19 and avoids seedling leakage or jamming caused by placing the seedling too early or too late.

[0025] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the sealing mechanism includes: two sealing plates 33, which are symmetrically and rotatably connected to the bottom end of the tobacco seedling barrel 32; Push block 34 is coaxially fixed with sealing plate 33, and torsion spring 35 is fixedly connected to push block 34 and tobacco seedling barrel 32; Push roller 17 is fixedly connected to the top of feed hopper 16; Specifically, by setting the sealing plate 33 and the pushing block 34, under normal conditions, when the tobacco seedling bucket 32 ​​is not connected to the feed hopper 16, the torsion spring 35 applies a continuous closing torque to the sealing plate 33 through the pushing block 34, so that the two sealing plates 33 are kept tightly closed at the bottom of the tobacco seedling bucket 32, forming a reliable support surface. The tobacco seedlings are supported by the sealing plate 33 at the bottom of the tobacco seedling bucket 32 ​​and will not fall off prematurely due to gravity, thereby ensuring the accurate positioning and stable posture of the tobacco seedlings during the conveying process, and avoiding problems such as seedling jamming or damage caused by the tobacco seedlings falling or tilting in the bucket. As the sliding pin 8 moves upward along the vertical groove 601, connecting the feed hopper 16 with the seedling barrel 32, the pushing roller 17 slides along the working surface of the pushing block 34 and applies a pushing force to overcome the elastic force of the torsion spring 35. This drives the two sealing plates 33 to rotate synchronously and open in opposite directions around their rotation axes, thus forming a smooth seedling drop channel between the bottom of the seedling barrel 32 and the top of the feed hopper 16. Under its own gravity, the seedlings fall smoothly from the seedling barrel 32 into the feed hopper 16 and slide along the feed hopper 16 into the duckbill shell 19, completing the seedling placement. When the sliding pin 8 moves downward along the vertical groove 601, the feed hopper 16 disengages from the seedling barrel 32, and the pushing roller 17 disengages from the pushing block 34. At this time, the elastic restoring force of the torsion spring 35 drives the pushing block 34 and the sealing plate 33 to rotate in the opposite direction and reset. The two sealing plates 33 close again, and the bottom of the seedling barrel 32 returns to a sealed state, ready to receive the next seedling.

[0026] As a further embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: Two compression barrels 36 are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the fixed frame 14. A piston 37 is sealed and slidably connected inside the compression barrel 36. An inlet pipe 38 and a drain pipe 39 are fixedly connected inside the compression barrel 36. A first one-way valve 3801 and a second one-way valve 3901 are respectively installed in the inlet pipe 38 and the drain pipe 39. Push plate 41 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of piston rod 37, and push plate 41 has a push groove 42 on its side wall; Push frame 21 is fixedly connected to movable seat 18. Push pin 22 is fixedly connected to the end of push frame 21. Push pin 22 slides in push groove 42. Hose 40, one end of which is connected to drain pipe 39 and the other end is fixedly connected to movable seat 18; Specifically, by setting up a compression tank 36, piston 37, push plate 41 and push frame 21, during the transplanting process, when the movable seat 18 is driven away from each other by the drive chute 25 (i.e., the duckbill shell 19 opens to release the tobacco seedlings), the movable seat 18 drives the push frame 21 and push pin 22 to move outward synchronously. The push pin 22 slides in the push chute 42. Since the push chute 42 is inclined relative to the vertical direction, the horizontal movement of the push pin 22 is converted into a vertical thrust on the push plate 41 through the inclined surface of the chute, driving the push plate 41 to move upward, and then pushing the piston 37 to slide upward in the compression tank 36 to pressurize the liquid water (or nutrient solution) pre-stored in the compression tank 36. The pressurized liquid is discharged through the drain pipe 39. Because the drain pipe 39 is equipped with a second one-way valve 3901, the liquid can only flow from the compression tank 36 to the drain pipe 39 and cannot flow back. The high-pressure liquid enters the hose 40 along the drain pipe 39 and is then transported to the movable seat 18 through the hose 40. Finally, it is sprayed out from the pre-set outlet on the movable seat 18 (such as the micro-holes or nozzles opened on the inner wall of the duckbill shell 19) to provide targeted and quantitative irrigation or nutrient solution supply to the roots of the tobacco seedlings that have just been planted in the soil hole. This effectively improves the survival rate of the tobacco seedlings after transplanting and promotes the rapid recovery and growth of the tobacco seedlings.

[0027] When the movable seats 18 are driven by the drive chute 25 and move closer to each other (i.e., the duckbill shell 19 closes), the movable seats 18 drive the push frame 21 and the push pin 22 to move inward synchronously. The push pin 22 slides in the opposite direction along the push chute 42, driving the push plate 41 to move downward, driving the piston 37 to slide downward in the compression tank 36. At this time, a negative pressure is formed in the compression tank 36, and external clean water or nutrient solution is sucked into the compression tank 36 through the water inlet pipe 38. Since the water inlet pipe 38 is equipped with a first one-way valve 3801, the liquid can only flow from the external water source into the compression tank 36 through the water inlet pipe 38 and cannot flow back, thus completing the automatic water replenishment and preparing for the next irrigation action. This realizes simultaneous planting and watering, which not only saves the subsequent manual water replenishment link and improves the work efficiency, but also reduces water waste through fixed-point and quantitative precise irrigation and avoids the problems of water accumulation in the mulch or ridge surface compaction caused by flood irrigation.

[0028] As a further embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a film-coating roller 3, the two ends of which are rotatably connected to the front end of the frame 1 via flanges, and a pressure roller 4 is rotatably connected inside the frame 1; specifically, by setting the film-coating roller 3 and the pressure roller 4, the mulch film is laid on the ground surface and compacted.

[0029] The working principle of this invention is as follows: the frame 1 is driven forward on the tobacco field ridge by a tractor (such as a tractor), and the two tires 2 roll in the furrows, providing forward power and operation drive source for the whole machine; During the rotation of tire 2, the axle of tire 2 drives the eccentric wheel 11 to rotate synchronously. When the eccentric wheel 11 rotates, due to the existence of the eccentricity, it drives the bushing 12 and the slider 13 to make eccentric rotation around the axis of tire 2, thereby driving the telescopic frame 10 to move up and down to the mounting frame 7. When the mounting frame 7 begins to move downward, the sliding pin 8 first slides downward along the vertical groove 601. At this time, the mounting frame 7 moves vertically downward as a whole, and the transplanting mechanism approaches the mulch and ridge surface vertically downward to ensure accurate rupture point. When the sliding pin 8 slides to the bottom of the vertical groove 601 and enters the first guide sloping groove 602 connected to the vertical groove 601, since the first guide sloping groove 602 is inclined relative to the vertical groove 601, the sliding pin 8, while continuing to slide downward, drives the mounting frame 7 and the transplanting mechanism to generate a horizontal displacement opposite to the forward direction of the frame 1, i.e., horizontal compensation movement. The speed of this reverse horizontal displacement cancels out the forward speed of the frame 1, making the movement trajectory of the transplanting mechanism relative to the ground approach vertical, thereby piercing the mulch and inserting it into the soil in an approximately vertical posture. The mulch opening is a regular circle to avoid the expansion of lateral tearing. When the sliding pin 8 slides to the end along the first guide sloping groove 602, the transplanting mechanism moves to the bottom and releases the tobacco seedlings into the soil hole through the transplanting mechanism to complete the planting. After planting, the mounting frame 7 moves upward, and the sliding pin 8 enters the second guide groove 603 from the end of the first guide groove 602. The second guide groove 603 is inclined in the opposite direction to the first guide groove 602 and at the same angle. When the sliding pin 8 slides upward along the second guide groove 603, it drives the transplanting mechanism to move upward and generate a horizontal displacement opposite to the forward direction of the frame 1, which is the soil removal compensation movement. By providing horizontal compensation opposite to the forward direction during the soil removal stage, the movement trajectory of the transplanting cylinder relative to the ground during the extraction process is also close to vertical. It exits along the already formed vertical hole trajectory, thereby avoiding secondary damage to the mulch and soil hole. When the sliding pin 8 slides along the second guide groove 603 to the end and enters the third guide groove 604, the transplanting mechanism leaves the soil. The sliding pin 8 slides upward along the third guide groove 604 and enters the vertical groove 601, and then moves to the top of the vertical groove 601. Since the power of the driving mechanism comes from the rotation of the tire 2, the eccentric wheel 11 rotates synchronously once for every rotation of the tire 2, and the mounting frame 7 completes one transplanting of tobacco seedlings. Therefore, the transplanting frequency is always synchronized with the forward speed of the frame 1. When the vehicle speed increases, the rotation speed of the tire 2 increases, and the transplanting frequency increases accordingly; when the vehicle speed decreases, the transplanting frequency decreases accordingly, which helps to ensure that the plant spacing between two adjacent tobacco seedlings remains constant.

[0030] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine, characterized in that, include: The frame (1) has two tires (2) symmetrically rotatably connected at its front and rear ends. A mounting frame (7) is slidably connected inside the frame (1), and a transplanting mechanism is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame (7). Two guide plates (5) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the frame (1). The side wall of the guide plate (5) is provided with a guide groove (6). The guide groove (6) includes a vertical groove (601), a first guide inclined groove (602), a second guide inclined groove (603), and a third guide inclined groove (604). The first guide groove (602) is connected to the vertical groove (601), the second guide groove (603) is connected to the first guide groove (602), and the third guide groove (604) is connected to the vertical groove (601) and the second guide groove (603) respectively. The first guide groove (602) and the second guide groove (603) have the same inclination angle. Two sliding pins (8) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the mounting bracket (7), and the sliding pins (8) are slidably connected in the guide groove (6); The pushing mechanism is linked with the tire (2). When the tire (2) rotates once, the pushing mechanism drives the mounting frame (7) to move up and down for one cycle.

2. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The propulsion mechanism includes: Telescopic frame (10), the telescopic frame (10) is slidably connected to the frame (1), and the telescopic end of the telescopic frame (10) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (7); An eccentric wheel (11) is fitted on the axle of the tire (2). A bushing (12) is fitted over the eccentric wheel (11). A slider (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the bushing (12). The slider (13) is slidably connected to the telescopic frame (10).

3. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transplanting mechanism includes: A fixed frame (14) slides on the mounting frame (7). The fixed frame (14) is symmetrically fixed at both ends with feed hoppers (16), and the top of the feed hoppers (16) passes through the mounting frame (7). Screw (15), the screw (15) is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (7), and the bottom end of the screw (15) is threadedly connected to the fixing bracket (14); The fixed frame (14) has two movable seats (18) symmetrically slidably connected at both ends. A duckbill shell (19) is fixedly connected inside the movable seat (18), and the duckbill shell (19) is connected to the feed hopper (16). The driving component drives the two duckbill shells (19) at corresponding positions to move away from each other after the duckbill shells (19) are inserted into the soil, and drives the two duckbill shells (19) to close together after the duckbill shells (19) leave the soil.

4. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a drive frame (23), which is slidably connected to a fixed frame (14). Two drive plates (24) are symmetrically fixedly connected to both ends of the drive frame (23), and two drive grooves (25) are symmetrically opened on the side walls of the drive plates (24). The movable seat (18) has two drive pins (20) symmetrically fixedly connected to its side wall, and the drive pins (20) are slidably connected in the drive groove (25); Cylinder (26), the cylinder (26) is fixedly connected to the fixed frame (14), and the telescopic rod of the cylinder (26) is fixedly connected to the drive frame (23).

5. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A position sensor (27) is mounted on the frame (1) and is used to detect the lifting position parameters of the telescopic frame (10). The controller (28) is mounted on the frame (1) and is used to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder (26) according to the position parameters detected by the position sensor (27).

6. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a tobacco seedling feeding mechanism, which includes: Two synchronous belts (29) are symmetrically rotated and connected to the frame (1). Several tobacco seedling buckets (32) are fixedly connected in an array on the synchronous belts (29). A sealing mechanism is provided at the bottom of the tobacco seedling bucket (32). The sealing mechanism is opened during the docking process between the feed hopper (16) and the tobacco seedling bucket (32), so that the tobacco seedlings fall into the feed hopper (16) automatically. A rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the synchronous belt (29) to rotate.

7. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rotary drive mechanism includes: Two synchronous pulleys (30) are rotatably connected to the frame (1), and the synchronous pulleys (30) mesh with the synchronous belt (29); The drive gear (31) is fixed coaxially with the synchronous pulley (30) at the position corresponding to the third guide groove (604). A drive rack (9) is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket (7).

8. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sealing mechanism includes two sealing plates (33), which are symmetrically and rotatably connected to the bottom of the tobacco seedling barrel (32); A push block (34) is fixed coaxially with a sealing plate (33), and a torsion spring (35) is fixedly connected between the push block (34) and the tobacco seedling barrel (32). Push roller (17) is fixedly connected to the top of feed hopper (16).

9. A tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes two compression barrels (36), which are symmetrically fixedly connected to the fixed frame (14). A piston (37) is sealed and slidably connected inside the compression barrel (36). A water inlet pipe (38) and a drain pipe (39) are fixedly connected inside the compression barrel (36). A first one-way valve (3801) and a second one-way valve (3901) are respectively installed in the water inlet pipe (38) and the drain pipe (39). Push plate (41), the push plate (41) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston (37) rod, and the push plate (41) has a push groove (42) on its side wall. A pusher frame (21) is fixedly connected to a movable seat (18), and a pusher pin (22) is fixedly connected to the end of the pusher frame (21). The pusher pin (22) slides in the pusher groove (42). A flexible hose (40) is provided, with one end connected to a drain pipe (39) and the other end fixedly connected to a movable seat (18).

10. The tobacco field transplanting and mulching integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a coating roller (3), the two ends of which are rotatably connected to the front end of the frame (1) via flanges, and a pressing roller (4) is rotatably connected inside the frame (1).

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