Corn precision layered fertilization equipment for stability fertilizer

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of planting fertilization, and particularly discloses a corn precision layered fertilization equipment for stability fertilizer, which comprises a support, a layered assembly, at least one ditching assembly and at least one soil covering assembly. The layered assembly comprises a loading piece, at least one first discharging piece and at least one second discharging piece. The loading piece is provided with a first chamber and a second chamber. The first discharging piece and the second discharging piece are respectively connected with the first chamber and the second chamber in correspondence. The discharging height of the second discharging piece is lower than that of the first discharging piece. The ditching assembly comprises a ditching piece, and the ditching piece comprises a ditching knife. The discharging ends of the first discharging piece and the second discharging piece are arranged in the ditching knife. The soil covering assembly comprises a first soil covering piece and a pushing piece. The first soil covering piece comprises two first soil covering plates, and the two first soil covering plates are arranged between the discharging end of the first discharging piece and the discharging end of the second discharging piece. The equipment has the effect of effectively physically isolating deep and shallow layer fertilizers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of planting and fertilization technology, specifically to a precision stratified fertilization device for corn using stable fertilizers. Background Technology

[0002] Stabilized fertilizers, by adding urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors, delay the transformation of nitrogen in the soil, extend the fertilizer effect period, and improve nitrogen utilization. They are the mainstream long-acting fertilizers for spring maize in Northeast China. However, stabilized fertilizers have the inherent defect of slow nitrogen release in the early stage. Maize seedlings have weak roots and are highly sensitive to phosphorus. If stabilized fertilizer is applied in full as basal fertilizer at one time, it is very easy to cause phosphorus deficiency, red seedlings, and slow growth in the seedling stage. It cannot meet the nutritional needs of rapid growth before the large trumpet stage.

[0003] In related technologies, Chinese patent application CN113141820A discloses an integrated fertilization and sowing device, including a fertilization device and a sowing device connected to the rear end of the fertilization device. The front end of the fertilization device is used to connect to a traction device. The fertilization device includes a fertilizer box, a layered fertilization mechanism, and a hopper discharge control mechanism. Wheels are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the fertilizer box. The fertilizer box has at least two distributing hoppers inside, and each distributing hopper has a hopper valve at its bottom. The layered fertilization mechanism is connected between the bottom of the front end of the fertilizer box and between two oppositely arranged wheels. The device has inlets corresponding to the number of distribution bins, and the number of outlets of the stratified fertilization mechanism is less than or equal to the number of inlets, with different outlet depths. The bin outlet control mechanism drives the opening and closing of the bin valve synchronously with the walking wheel's movement. The sowing device includes at least two sets of corresponding seed boxes, sowers, and sowing furrowing mechanisms. The furrowing depth of the sowing furrowing mechanism is less than the minimum depth of the outlet of the stratified fertilization mechanism. A stratified fertilization mechanism is used, with inlets on the stratified fertilization mechanism corresponding to two or more distribution bins, and different outlet depths, allowing different fertilizers to be applied to different depths to prevent unsuitable fertilizers from mixing.

[0004] In the aforementioned technologies, the fertilizer is arranged vertically based on the height difference between the upper and lower parts of the outlet. The soil layer is formed by the natural fall of the inclined pipe and the trench itself. However, the amount of soil returned is greatly affected by the soil texture, trench depth, and travel speed. The soil layer is uneven in thickness, which often leads to a reduction in the layering and isolation effect. It is difficult to stably achieve effective physical isolation between deep and shallow fertilizers, and the application advantages of stable fertilizers cannot be fully utilized. It may also lead to direct contact between deep and shallow fertilizers, resulting in premature release of fertilizer effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a precision stratified fertilization device for corn using stabilized fertilizers, aiming to solve the technical problem of reduced stratification and isolation effect in existing technologies.

[0006] The present invention discloses a precision stratified fertilization device for corn using stabilized fertilizer, comprising a support frame, a stratification component, at least one ditching component, and at least one soil covering component. The stratification component includes a loading component, at least one first discharging component, and at least one second discharging component. The loading component has a first chamber and a second chamber that are independent of each other for storing different types of fertilizer. The first discharging component and the second discharging component are respectively connected to the first chamber and the second chamber. The discharge height of the second discharging component is lower than that of the first discharging component. The ditching component includes a ditching cutter, which is hollow and used for ditching. The ditching cutter is connected to the support frame. The discharge ends of the first discharging component and the second discharging component both pass through the ditching cutter and extend into the trench formed by the ditching. The soil covering assembly includes a first soil covering component and a pushing component. The first soil covering component includes two first soil covering plates that are slidably connected inside the trenching cutter along the travel direction of the equipment. There is a gap between the two first soil covering plates. The first soil covering plates pass through the trenching cutter. Both first soil covering plates are located between the discharge end of the first feeding component and the discharge end of the second feeding component. The pushing component is connected to the trenching cutter and is used to drive the first soil covering plates to extend out of the trenching cutter to scrape the soil on both sides of the trench.

[0007] Its effect is that when fertilization is needed, different types of fertilizer are placed into the corresponding first and second chambers, the trenching blade is inserted into the designated position in the soil, and the support is moved forward by the moving mechanism. The trenching blade can open trenches in the soil. At the same time, by setting a height difference between the first feeding part (shallow layer) and the second feeding part (deep layer), the seedling fast-acting fertilizer and the stable fertilizer will fall into the trench at different heights along the first feeding part and the second feeding part, respectively. A first sliding part with a gap is set in the trenching blade between the two discharge ends. The first soil covering plate scrapes off the soil from the sidewalls of the trench, covering the deep-layer stable fertilizer. The shallow-layer seedling-stage quick-acting fertilizer falls onto the covering layer. The soil covering plate is actively extended by a pusher, actively scraping and gathering the soil on both sides of the trench, reducing the impact of soil texture on the amount of soil covering. It forms a uniform isolation soil layer above the deep fertilizer, changing the passive mode of relying on natural soil collapse, effectively solving the problem of mixing deep and shallow fertilizers, achieving effective physical isolation between stable fertilizers and quick-acting fertilizers, and prolonging the fertilizer effect of stable fertilizers.

[0008] Preferably, the soil covering assembly further includes an elastic telescopic component, which includes a push plate, a telescopic rod, and an elastic part. The two first soil covering plates are fixed to the push plate at one end near the inside of the trenching cutter. The telescopic rod is located between the two first soil covering plates and is arranged along the travel direction of the equipment. One end of the telescopic rod is fixed to the push plate, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the trenching cutter. The elastic part is sleeved on the telescopic rod, with one end fixed to the telescopic rod and the other end fixed to the side wall of the trenching cutter.

[0009] Its effect is that after the driving force of the pusher is removed, the elastic part automatically pulls the pusher plate and the soil covering plate back into the trenching cutter using its elasticity, realizing the automatic reset and storage function of the soil covering plate and ensuring the smooth operation process.

[0010] Preferably, the pushing member includes a pushing telescopic part and a pushing block. The pushing telescopic part is connected to the inside of the trenching cutter and is located on the side of the first covering plate near the inside of the trenching cutter. The bottom end of the pushing telescopic part is fixed to the pushing block. The pushing block is used to drive the pushing plate to move away from the inside of the trenching cutter.

[0011] Its effect is that the extension and retraction of the telescopic part directly drives the movement of the push block, thereby causing the soil covering plate to slide, thus realizing the active triggering of the soil covering action.

[0012] Preferably, the push block has a first inclined surface on the side near the push plate, the first inclined surface is inclined downward along the direction of travel of the device, and the push plate has a second inclined surface on the side near the push block that matches the first inclined surface.

[0013] Its effect is that by utilizing the sliding fit of the inclined surface, the vertical displacement of the pushing telescopic part is converted into the horizontal thrust of the cover plate, thereby improving the reliability of active soil covering.

[0014] Preferably, the trenching component further includes a hollow connecting plate, which is vertically arranged and its direction is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the equipment. One end of the connecting plate is connected to the bracket, and the trenching cutter passes through the bottom of the connecting plate and is slidably connected to the connecting plate along its direction. The pusher also includes a drive telescopic part, which is located inside the connecting plate. The drive telescopic part is set in the same direction as the connecting plate. One end of the drive telescopic part is connected to the connecting plate, and the other end is connected to the trenching cutter.

[0015] Its effect is that it can adaptively adjust the depth of trenching into the soil according to agronomic needs, and precisely adapt to the layer requirements of different fertilization depths.

[0016] Preferably, the soil covering assembly further includes a second soil covering component, which includes two second soil covering plates. The two second soil covering plates are symmetrically arranged along the trenching cutter. The second soil covering plates are connected to the connecting plate, and the inner side of the second soil covering plates is inclined towards the center of the trench.

[0017] Its effect is that it can backfill, level and compact the trench after it has been dug, complete the secondary soil covering operation, seal the fertilization trench, avoid fertilizer exposure and soil moisture loss, and further stabilize the layered fertilization structure.

[0018] Preferably, the first feeding component includes a receiving box, a feeding pipe, a discharge pipe, and a stirring part. The receiving box is connected to the bottom of the first chamber, and the bottom of the receiving box is narrowed. One end of the feeding pipe is fixed to and connected to the bottom of the receiving box, and the other end is connected to the discharge pipe. The discharge pipe passes through the trenching knife. The stirring part is rotatably connected to the receiving box. The stirring shaft of the stirring part is arranged perpendicular to the fertilizer falling direction. The stirring part is used to stir the fertilizer. The structure of the second feeding component is the same as that of the first feeding component.

[0019] Its effect is to break down fertilizer bridging and clumping problems through continuous stirring and agitation, ensuring that the fertilizer falls continuously, evenly and stably.

[0020] Preferably, the feeding pipe is a corrugated pipe or a flexible pipe.

[0021] Its effect is that it can absorb the vibration and relative displacement generated when the equipment moves in the field, avoid structural fatigue damage and loosening of pipeline interfaces caused by rigid connections, ensure that the material discharge channel is always unobstructed, and improve the operational reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0022] Preferably, the precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizer further includes at least one moving component located on one side of the support. The moving component includes an inclined connecting frame, a moving wheel, and a telescopic leveling component. The connecting frame is inclined downward along the direction of travel of the equipment towards the side away from the support. The higher end is hinged to the support, and the lower end is rotatably connected to the axle of the moving wheel. The support is also provided with an extension frame extending towards the connecting frame. The two ends of the telescopic leveling component are respectively hinged to the middle of the connecting frame and the extension frame.

[0023] Its effect is that it can automatically extend and retract according to the undulations of the field terrain, adjust the tilt angle of the connecting frame to compensate for the height difference between the support and the ground, and maintain the stability of the equipment's operating posture.

[0024] Preferably, the trenching component further includes a soil-breaking section, which is integrally connected to the bottom of the trenching cutter, and the soil-breaking section is blade-shaped.

[0025] Its effect is that setting a blade-shaped breaking section can significantly reduce cutting resistance, reduce soil disturbance, and form a regular trench wall, thereby reducing trenching resistance and power consumption.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: It adopts a dual-cavity split storage structure, with a shallow layer for quick-acting fertilizer during the seedling stage and a deep layer for stable fertilizer during the mid-to-late stage, matching the nutrient requirements of corn throughout its entire growth period and avoiding problems such as red seedlings and slow growth during the seedling stage; Through the built-in linkage sliding soil covering plate in the trenching knife, combined with the inclined plane transmission and elastic reset pure mechanical linkage structure, the trenching depth can be adjusted, and the soil covering can be actively carried out in the middle, forming a uniform and stable soil isolation layer between the deep and shallow fertilizers, effectively preventing fertilizer mixing and premature release of fertilizer effects. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the loading bin and the first partition plate of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material loading bin, the first partition plate, and the second partition plate of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a front view of the overall structure in this invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first unloading component in this invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching component and the soil covering component in this invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the grooving tool in this invention.

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of A in the middle.

[0035] Figure label: 1. Support frame; 11. Extension frame; 2. Moving assembly; 21. Connecting frame; 22. Moving wheels; 23. Telescopic leveling component; 3. Layering assembly; 31. Loading component; 311. Loading bin; 311a. Bin door; 311b. First chamber; 311c. Second chamber; 312. Dividing section; 312a. First dividing plate; 312b. Second dividing plate; 32. First unloading component; 321. Receiving box; 322. Unloading pipe; 323. Discharge pipe; 324. Mixing section; 33. First driving component; 331. Sprocket; 332. Chain; 333. Drive motor 34. Second feeding component; 35. Second driving component; 4. Trenching assembly; 41. Fixing base; 42. Trenching component; 421. Connecting plate; 422. Trenching cutter; 43. Soil breaking part; 5. Soil covering assembly; 51. First soil covering component; 511. First soil covering plate; 52. Elastic telescopic component; 521. Pushing plate; 521a. Guide rod; 521b. Guide part; 522. Telescopic rod; 523. Elastic part; 53. Pushing component; 531. Drive telescopic part; 532. Push telescopic part; 533. Pushing block; 54. Second soil covering component; 541. Second soil covering plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a precision stratified fertilization device for corn using stabilized fertilizer, comprising a support 1, at least one moving component 2, a stratification component 3, and at least one ditching component 4, wherein the moving component 2, the stratification component 3, and the ditching component 4 are all connected to the support 1.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 The support frame 1 is connected to the moving mechanism, which can be a tractor or other self-propelled machine, used to drive the equipment to move in the field. The moving component 2 is located on the side of the support frame 1 away from the moving mechanism. In this embodiment, there are two moving components 2, and the distribution direction of the two moving components 2 is perpendicular to the direction of the equipment's movement. The moving component 2 includes a connecting frame 21, a moving wheel 22, and a telescopic leveling component 23. The connecting frame 21 is inclined and is inclined downward along the direction of the equipment's movement towards the side away from the support frame 1. The higher end of the connecting frame 21 is hinged to the support frame 1, and the other end is rotatably connected to the wheel axle of the moving wheel 22. The telescopic leveling component 23 is located in the middle of the connecting frame 21. The support frame 1 is provided with an extension frame 11 corresponding to the connecting frame 21 on the side away from the moving mechanism. The extension frame 11 is fixedly connected to the support frame 1 by screws. One end of the telescopic leveling component 23 is hinged to the connecting frame 21, and the other end is hinged to the extension frame 11, which can facilitate the adjustment of the height of the moving wheel 22, thereby facilitating the forward movement of the equipment.

[0039] It should be noted that the telescopic leveling component 23 can be a telescopic spring, an elastic telescopic rod, or an electric push rod. Its telescopic stroke can be adjusted according to the trenching component 4 to maintain the stability of the equipment's working posture. When the equipment travels to undulating terrain, the telescopic leveling component 23 automatically compensates for the height difference by compression or extension to ensure consistent trenching depth and avoid the fertilization layer shifting due to machine tilt.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The layered component 3 includes a loading component 31 and multiple first unloading components 32. The loading component 31 includes a loading bin 311 and a partition 312. The top of the loading bin 311 is open, and the top of the loading bin 311 is provided with a bin door 311a. One side of the bin door 311a is hinged to the loading bin 311, and the side of the bin door 311a away from the hinge end is detachably connected to the loading bin 311 by a buckle. In some embodiments, the partition 312 includes a first partition plate 312a. The first partition plate 312a is located inside the loading bin 311. The first partition plate 312a is perpendicular to the bin door 311a, and the first partition plate 312a is fixedly connected to the loading bin 311 by screws. The first partition plate 312a divides the loading bin 311 into a first chamber 311b and a second chamber 311c. The first chamber 311b and the second chamber 311c respectively contain nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (seedling stage quick-acting fertilizer) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (stable fertilizer).

[0041] In other embodiments, the partition 312 further includes a plurality of second partition plates 312b, which are evenly divided into two groups. The two groups of second partition plates 312b are located in the first chamber 311b and the second chamber 311c, respectively. The second partition plates 312b are arranged perpendicularly to the first partition plate 312a, and the plurality of second partition plates 312b in the same chamber are distributed at intervals along the length of the longer side of the first partition plate 312a. The second partition plates 312b in the first chamber 311b and the second chamber 311c correspond one-to-one. The two sides of the second partition plate 312b are respectively welded to the first partition plate 312a and the loading bin 311. The second partition plate 312b divides the first chamber 311b or the second chamber 311c into multiple chamber units.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The layered component 3 also includes a first driving component 33, multiple second discharging components 34, and a second driving component 35. The bottom of the loading bin 311 is narrowed to facilitate fertilizer falling. The first discharging components 32 and 34 correspond to the first chamber 311b and the second chamber 311c, respectively. The multiple first discharging components 32 correspond one-to-one with multiple chamber units in the first chamber 311b, and the multiple second discharging components 34 correspond one-to-one with multiple chamber units in the second chamber 311c. The first discharging component 32 includes a receiving box 321, a discharging pipe 322, a discharging pipe 323, and a stirring part 324. The receiving box 321 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the loading bin 311 by screws, and the receiving box 321 is connected to the bottom of the corresponding chamber unit. The bottom of the receiving box 321 is narrowed. One end of the discharge pipe 322 is fixed and connected to the bottom of the receiving box 321, and the other end is connected to the discharge pipe 323. The stirring part 324 is rotatably connected to the receiving box 321. The stirring shaft of the stirring part 324 is set perpendicular to the direction of fertilizer falling. The stirring part 324 can stir the fertilizer. On the one hand, it prevents the fertilizer from bridging or blocking in the receiving box 321 and ensures continuous and uniform feeding. On the other hand, the speed of the first driving component 33 is adjustable, thereby controlling the amount of fertilizer discharged per unit time. In actual operation, the amount of fertilizer applied in the first chamber 311b and the second chamber 311c can be set according to the soil nutrient test results or agronomic requirements to meet the nutritional needs of corn at different growth stages.

[0043] It should be noted that the outer wall of the loading hopper 311 may be equipped with an observation window and a material level sensor (both the observation window and the material level sensor are existing technologies and are not shown in the figure) to facilitate real-time monitoring of the fertilizer balance; when the fertilizer in any chamber is lower than the set threshold, the material level sensor will issue a warning signal to remind the operator to replenish it in time; in addition, the inner wall of the loading hopper 311 is coated with an anti-stick coating to reduce fertilizer adhesion and ensure smooth material discharge.

[0044] It should be noted that the feed pipe 322 can be a corrugated pipe or other flexible pipe to accommodate the relative displacement caused by bumps during field operations, and to avoid structural damage or poor feeding caused by rigid connections. The inner walls of both the feed pipe 322 and the discharge pipe 323 are smooth surfaces.

[0045] Reference Figure 1The first driving component 33 includes multiple sprockets 331, a chain 332, and a drive motor 333. Each sprocket 331 corresponds to a receiving box 321. The sprockets 331 are coaxially fixed to the stirring shaft of the stirring unit 324 and are rotatably connected to the receiving box 321. The chain 332 is wound around the multiple sprockets 331. The drive motor 333 is close to one of the sprockets 331. The housing of the drive motor 333 is fixedly connected to the receiving box 321 by screws. The output shaft of the drive motor 333 is coaxially fixed to the sprocket 331 by a key connection. By driving one of the sprockets 331 to rotate, the drive motor 333 can drive the other sprockets 331 to rotate. On the one hand, it can achieve uniform feeding; on the other hand, it can save costs.

[0046] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the first driving component 33 also includes multiple motors (not shown in the figure), each motor corresponding to a multiple receiving box 321. The motor housing is fixedly connected to the receiving box 321 by screws. The output shaft of the motor passes through the receiving box 321 and is coaxially fixed to the stirring shaft of the stirring part 324 by a coupling. The motor drives the stirring part 324 to rotate. The multiple motors work synchronously, which enables the multiple stirring parts 324 to rotate synchronously and achieve uniform feeding.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The connection method between the second feeding component 34 and the second chamber 311c is the same as the connection method between the first feeding component 32 and the first chamber 311b. The structure of the second feeding component 34 is the same as the structure of the first feeding component 32. The connection method between the second driving component 35 and the second feeding component 34 is the same as the connection method between the first driving component 33 and the first feeding component 32. However, the height of the outlet end in the second feeding component 34 is lower than the height of the outlet end in the first feeding component 32.

[0048] It should be noted that the outlet end of the discharge pipe 323 of the first feeding component 32 extends 5-8cm into the ground, and the outlet end of the discharge pipe in the second feeding component 34 can extend 15-20cm into the ground to achieve the requirement of shallow application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and deep application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Specifically, the fertilizer applied at 5-8cm ensures the nutrient needs of the seedling stage and needs to quickly provide nutrition (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) for the early stage of corn. The nutrients applied at 15-20cm (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and are stable fertilizers) provide nutrients for the middle and late stages of corn growth, and the types and spatial distribution of nutrients can match the growth needs of corn.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6The trenching assembly 4 is located on the side of the support 1 near the moving mechanism. Multiple trenching assemblies 4 are distributed at intervals perpendicular to the forward direction of the equipment. Each trenching assembly 4 corresponds to the first feeding component 32 and the second feeding component 34. The trenching assembly 4 includes a fixed base 41, a trenching component 42, and a soil-breaking part 43. The fixed base 41 is fixedly connected to the support 1 by screws. The trenching component 42 includes a connecting plate 421 and a trenching cutter 422. The connecting plate 421 is vertically arranged, and its setting direction is perpendicular to the forward direction of the equipment. One end of the connecting plate 421 is fixedly connected to the fixed base 41 by screws. The interior of the connecting plate 421 is hollow. The trenching cutter 422 is located at the bottom of the connecting plate 421 and passes through the bottom of the connecting plate 421. The trenching cutter 422 is set along the connecting plate 421. The ditching blade 422 is slidably connected to the connecting plate 421. The ditching blade 422 is V-shaped or arrow-shaped on the side near the moving mechanism and is made of wear-resistant alloy. It is used to cut the soil to form a fertilizer trench. The discharge pipe 323 in the first feeding component 32 and the discharge pipe in the second feeding component 34 are sequentially inserted through the connecting plate 421 and the ditching blade 422. The outlet end of the discharge pipe 323 in the first feeding component 32 and the outlet end of the discharge pipe in the second feeding component 34 are both inserted on the side of the ditching blade 422 away from the moving mechanism to ensure that the fertilizer falls directly into the soil layer at the predetermined depth. The soil breaking part 43 is located at the bottom of the ditching blade 422. The soil breaking part 43 is integrated with the ditching blade 422. The soil breaking part 43 is blade-shaped, which makes it easy for the ditching blade 422 to be inserted into the soil to form a trench, which is beneficial for breaking the plow pan.

[0050] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 A precision stratified fertilization device for corn using stabilized fertilizer also includes at least one soil covering component 5. The soil covering component 5 includes a first soil covering part 51, an elastic telescopic part 52, a pushing part 53, and a second soil covering part 54. The first soil covering part 51 includes two first soil covering plates 511. The trenching cutter 422 is hollow, and the two first soil covering plates 511 are located inside the trenching cutter 422. The first soil covering plates 511 are arranged along the direction of travel of the device, and there is a gap between the two first soil covering plates 511. The end of the first soil covering plate 511 away from the moving mechanism passes through the trenching cutter 422, and the first soil covering plate 511 is slidably connected to the trenching cutter 422 along the direction of travel of the device. The first soil covering plate 511 is located between the outlet end of the discharge pipe 323 and the outlet end of the second discharge part 34. The first soil covering plate 511 has an arc-shaped structure, and its end away from the moving mechanism is bent inward to gather the soil turned up after trenching towards the center of the trench.

[0051] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The elastic telescopic component 52 is located inside the trenching cutter 422. The elastic telescopic component 52 includes a push plate 521, a telescopic rod 522, and an elastic part 523. The push plate 521 is located at the end of the first covering plate 511 near the moving mechanism. Two guide rods 521a are provided on the side of the push plate 521 near the first covering plate 511. The guide rods 521a correspond one-to-one with the first covering plates 511, and the push plate 521 is fixedly connected to the two first covering plates 511 through the guide rods 521a. The push plate 521 has a guide part 521b on the guide rods 521a. The guide part 521b is sleeved on the outside of the two guide rods 521a. The guide part 521b is fixedly connected to the side wall of the trenching cutter 422 by bolts. It is used to limit the lateral displacement of the first covering plate 511 and provide structural support. The telescopic rod 522 is located between the two first covering plates 511 and is set along the direction of equipment travel. One end of the telescopic rod 522 is connected to the push plate 522. 21 Welded, the other end is welded to the side wall of the trenching cutter 422. The elastic part 523 is sleeved on the telescopic rod 522, and one end of the elastic part 523 is welded to the telescopic rod 522, and the other end is welded to the side wall of the trenching cutter 422. When the drive push plate 521 moves away from the moving mechanism, it can drive the first covering plate 511 to slide away from the moving mechanism. The first covering plate 511 passes through the trenching cutter 422 and extends into the trench. At this time, the telescopic rod 522 and the elastic part 523 extend and retract. As the equipment moves, the deep stable fertilizer is discharged. At the same time, the first covering plate 511 scrapes the soil to complete the isolation soil layer coverage. The first feeding part 32 discharges the shallow fertilizer. The first covering plate 511 gathers the soil turned up after trenching towards the center of the trench. It can scrape the loose trench wall soil on both sides of the trench, so that the soil settles evenly and covers the surface of the deep fertilizer. It can isolate the deep fertilizer and the shallow fertilizer and actively form a unique soil isolation layer with uniform texture.

[0052] It should be noted that the elastic part 523 can be a compression spring, and its stiffness is selected according to the soil type. In sandy soil, a lower stiffness is used to avoid excessive pressure from the cover plate, which could cause the trench to collapse. In heavy clay soil, a higher stiffness is used to ensure that the cover plate can effectively cut into and gather the soil clods.

[0053] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The pushing component 53 includes a drive telescopic part 531, a pushing telescopic part 532, and a pushing block 533. The drive telescopic part 531 is located inside the connecting plate 421, and its setting direction is consistent with that of the connecting plate 421. One end of the drive telescopic part 531 is welded to the top of the connecting plate 421, and the other end is welded to the top of the trenching cutter 422. The pushing telescopic part 532 is located inside the trenching cutter 422, and is located on the side of the pushing plate 521 near the moving mechanism. The setting direction of the pushing telescopic part 532 is consistent with that of the drive telescopic part 531. The top of the pushing telescopic part 532 is welded to the trenching cutter 422, and the bottom is welded to the pushing block 533. The side of the pushing block 533 near the pushing plate 521 is provided with a first inclined surface. The first inclined surface is inclined downward along the equipment traveling direction. The pushing plate 521 is located near the pushing... One side of block 533 is designed with a second inclined surface that fits into the first inclined surface. This facilitates the movement of the push block 533 by the push extension part 532, which in turn drives the push plate 521 to move, thereby causing the first soil covering plate 511 to extend out of the trenching cutter 422. When the push extension part 532 extends, the push block 533 moves downward along the axial direction of the push extension part 532. Its first inclined surface interacts with the second inclined surface of the push plate 521, converting the vertical displacement into a horizontal thrust. This forces the push plate 521 and the first soil covering plate 511 fixed to it to slide away from the moving mechanism, thus actively triggering the soil covering action. When the push extension part 532 shortens and resets, the elastic part 523 rebounds, pulling the push plate 521 and the soil covering plate back into the trenching cutter 422, preventing the soil from being scraped or disturbed in non-working areas.

[0054] It should be noted that when the moving mechanism controls the trenching component 42 to insert into the soil, the drive telescopic part 531 is activated. The drive telescopic part 531 pushes the trenching component 42 into the soil, further adjusting the insertion depth of the trenching component 42 to achieve the required trenching depth. Both the drive telescopic part 531 and the push telescopic part 532 can be electric telescopic rods, or hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. Their actions are automatically started and stopped by the control system according to the working status. For example, when the equipment enters the field to start fertilization, the control system simultaneously activates the push telescopic part 532 to extend, pushing the first soil covering plate 511 to unfold. When turning at the end of the field or pausing the operation, the push telescopic part 532 automatically retracts, and the soil covering plate is retracted to prevent ineffective soil covering or structural interference.

[0055] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The second soil covering component 54 includes two second soil covering plates 541. The two second soil covering plates 541 are symmetrically arranged along the trenching cutter 422. The inner side of the second soil covering plate 541 is inclined towards the center of the trench to backfill the soil turned up by the trench to the top of the trench. The lower edge of the second soil covering plate 541 is close to the ground to further level the soil covering surface.

[0056] The implementation principle of the precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stable fertilizers of this invention is as follows: The equipment is towed by a moving mechanism. The moving component 2 can adapt to the undulating terrain of the field, automatically compensate for height differences, and level the machine body posture to ensure the accuracy of ditching, fertilization, and soil covering operations. The equipment's loading bin 311 is divided into two independent chambers, which store fast-acting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for the seedling stage and long-acting stable nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer for the mid-to-late stage, respectively. With an independently adjustable mixing and feeding mechanism, the amount of fertilizer discharged can be precisely controlled, while avoiding fertilizer clumping and clogging problems.

[0057] During operation, the trenching component 4, with its sliding trenching blade 422 and soil-breaking structure, creates regular fertilization trenches. Layered fertilization is achieved by utilizing the height difference between the upper and lower discharge pipes 323: the second discharge component 34 applies stable nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer to a depth of 15–20 cm in the soil layer, while the first discharge component 32 applies fast-acting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to a shallow depth of 5–8 cm. The core intermediate soil-separating function is achieved by the built-in soil-covering component 5. Utilizing the equipment's existing telescopic power, the vertical displacement of the telescopic part 532 is converted into horizontal thrust through the inclined plane, pushing the first soil-covering plate 511 out of the trenching blade 422. This scrapes and gathers soil above the deep fertilizer layer, forming a uniform soil isolation layer, achieving complete physical separation between deep and shallow fertilizers. This helps reduce the risk of mixing deep and shallow fertilizers and premature release of fertilizer effects.

[0058] After the operation is completed, the elastic telescopic component 52 automatically drives the soil covering plate to reset and retract, avoiding scratches, jamming, and entanglement with straw in the field. Finally, the second soil covering plate 541 completes the overall backfilling and leveling of the trench, integrating layered fertilization, automatic soil separation, and soil covering and leveling operations to meet the agronomic fertilization needs of corn throughout its entire growth period.

[0059] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision stratified fertilization device for corn using stabilized fertilizers, characterized in that, The system includes a support frame (1), a layering assembly (3), at least one trenching assembly (4), and at least one soil covering assembly (5). The layering assembly (3) includes a loading component (31), at least one first unloading component (32), and at least one second unloading component (34). The loading component (31) has a first chamber (311b) and a second chamber (311c) that are independent of each other for storing different types of fertilizers. The first unloading component (32) and the second unloading component (34) are respectively connected to the first chamber (311b). The second feeding component (34) is connected to the second chamber (311c). The discharge height of the second feeding component (34) is lower than that of the first feeding component (32). The trenching component (4) includes a trenching component (42). The trenching component (42) includes a trenching knife (422) that is hollow and used for trenching. The trenching knife (422) is connected to the bracket (1). The discharge ends of the first feeding component (32) and the second feeding component (34) are both inserted through the trenching knife (422) and extend into the trench formed by the trenching. The soil covering component (5) includes a first soil covering component (51) and a pusher (53). The first soil covering component (51) includes two first soil covering plates (511) that are slidably connected inside the trenching cutter (422) along the direction of travel of the equipment. There is a gap between the two first soil covering plates (511). The first soil covering plates (511) are inserted through the trenching cutter (422). The two first soil covering plates (511) are located between the discharge end of the first feeding component (32) and the discharge end of the second feeding component (34). The pusher (53) is connected to the trenching cutter (422) and is used to drive the first soil covering plate (511) to extend out of the trenching cutter (422) to scrape the soil on both sides of the trench.

2. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil covering assembly (5) further includes an elastic telescopic component (52), which includes a push plate (521), a telescopic rod (522), and an elastic part (523). The two first soil covering plates (511) are fixed to the push plate (521) at one end near the inside of the trenching cutter (422). The telescopic rod (522) is located between the two first soil covering plates (511) and is arranged along the direction of equipment travel. One end of the telescopic rod (522) is fixed to the push plate (521), and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the trenching cutter (422). The elastic part (523) is sleeved on the telescopic rod (522), and one end of the elastic part (523) is fixed to the telescopic rod (522), and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the trenching cutter (422).

3. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pusher (53) includes a push telescopic part (532) and a push block (533). The push telescopic part (532) is connected to the inside of the trenching cutter (422) and is located on the side of the first soil covering plate (511) close to the inside of the trenching cutter (422). The bottom end of the push telescopic part (532) is fixed to the push block (533). The push block (533) is used to drive the push plate (521) to move away from the inside of the trenching cutter (422).

4. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 3, characterized in that, The push block (533) has a first inclined surface on the side near the push plate (521), and the first inclined surface is inclined downward along the direction of travel of the equipment. The push plate (521) has a second inclined surface on the side near the push block (533) that matches the first inclined surface.

5. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 3, characterized in that, The trenching component (42) also includes a hollow connecting plate (421). The connecting plate (421) is vertically arranged, and the direction of the connecting plate (421) is perpendicular to the direction of the equipment travel. One end of the connecting plate (421) is connected to the bracket (1). The trenching cutter (422) passes through the bottom of the connecting plate (421) and is slidably connected to the connecting plate (421) along the direction of the connecting plate (421). The pusher (53) also includes a drive telescopic part (531), which is located inside the connecting plate (421). The setting direction of the drive telescopic part (531) is consistent with the setting direction of the connecting plate (421). One end of the drive telescopic part (531) is connected to the connecting plate (421), and the other end is connected to the trenching cutter (422).

6. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The soil covering component (5) further includes a second soil covering component (54), which includes two second soil covering plates (541). The two second soil covering plates (541) are symmetrically arranged along the trenching cutter (422). The second soil covering plates (541) are connected to the connecting plate (421). The inner side of the second soil covering plate (541) is inclined toward the center of the trench.

7. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first feeding component (32) includes a receiving box (321), a feeding pipe (322), a discharge pipe (323), and a stirring part (324). The receiving box (321) is connected to the bottom of the first chamber (311b). The bottom of the receiving box (321) is narrowed. One end of the feeding pipe (322) is fixed and connected to the bottom of the receiving box (321), and the other end is connected to the discharge pipe (323). The discharge pipe (323) passes through the trenching knife (422). The stirring part (324) is rotatably connected to the receiving box (321). The stirring shaft of the stirring part (324) is arranged perpendicular to the direction of fertilizer falling. The stirring part (324) is used to stir the fertilizer. The structure of the second feeding component (34) is the same as that of the first feeding component (32).

8. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 7, characterized in that, The feed pipe (322) is made of corrugated pipe or flexible pipe.

9. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizer also includes at least one moving component (2), which is located on one side of the support (1). The moving component (2) includes an inclined connecting frame (21), a moving wheel (22), and a telescopic leveling component (23). The connecting frame (21) is inclined downward along the direction of travel of the equipment towards the side away from the support (1). The higher end is hinged to the support (1), and the lower end is rotatably connected to the wheel axle of the moving wheel (22). The support (1) is also provided with an extension frame (11) extending towards the connecting frame (21). The two ends of the telescopic leveling component (23) are respectively hinged to the middle of the connecting frame (21) and the extension frame (11).

10. The precision stratified fertilization equipment for corn using stabilized fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trenching component (4) also includes a soil-breaking part (43), which is integrally connected to the bottom of the trenching cutter (422) and is blade-shaped.

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