Water and fertilizer detection and supply system for smart agricultural substrate

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of intelligent agriculture, and discloses a water and fertilizer detection and supply system for intelligent agricultural substrate, which comprises a water and fertilizer in-situ collection module, a spectrum analysis module, an intelligent control module, a data transmission and storage module, a continuous sample feeding module, a water and fertilizer supply execution mechanism, a liquid return pool and an online detection module.The water and fertilizer in-situ collection module can collect samples in real time and accurately, the spectrum analysis module can quickly detect the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the intelligent control module can regulate the supply amount according to the results, precise fertilization is realized, the continuous sample feeding module ensures stable sample delivery, the water and fertilizer supply execution mechanism can online proportion and deliver water and fertilizer, and the liquid return pool and the online detection module can detect the return water and fertilizer, so that the intelligent and automatic management of agricultural water and fertilizer is realized, the labor cost and resource waste are reduced, the crop yield and quality are improved, the development of agriculture towards modernization and refinement is promoted, and strong support is provided for sustainable agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of smart agriculture technology, specifically a water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for smart agricultural substrates. Background Technology

[0002] The smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer monitoring and replenishment system is a comprehensive system that integrates modern information technology, sensing technology, and automated control technology to monitor, accurately analyze, and intelligently regulate the moisture and nutrient status of agricultural cultivation substrates in real time, thereby achieving efficient water and fertilizer supply and high-quality crop growth. However, the application of this system faces multiple challenges. In data acquisition and processing, sensors are susceptible to interference from substrate type, salt accumulation, and other factors, leading to measurement errors. Furthermore, the integration of multi-source data is difficult due to inconsistent protocols, and insufficient edge computing capabilities also affect real-time response. The decision-making model lacks adaptability; static thresholds are insufficient to meet the dynamic needs of crops, multi-objective optimization algorithms are complex, and the lack of crop-specific models easily leads to excessive or insufficient water and fertilizer. In the execution system, problems such as drip tape blockage and fertilizer solution sedimentation affect uniformity; poor equipment compatibility increases integration difficulty, and delayed fault diagnosis easily leads to resource waste. Economically, high-precision sensors and cloud platforms are expensive, have low farmer acceptance, and are complex to maintain; for example, pH electrodes require regular calibration, and fertilizer applicators are prone to corrosion. Regarding environmental adaptability, extreme climates may lead to sensor misjudgments, and matrix compaction or salinization after long-term use can also affect measurement accuracy. Areas for improvement include enhancing edge intelligence, adopting modular design, optimizing dynamic thresholds, and developing low-cost solutions to improve system reliability and adoption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system, which includes a water and fertilizer in-situ acquisition module, a spectral analysis module, an intelligent control module, a data transmission and storage module, a continuous sampling module, a water and fertilizer replenishment execution mechanism, a return liquid tank, and an online detection module; The in-situ water and fertilizer collection module is pre-embedded in the cultivation substrate and is used to collect water and fertilizer samples in the substrate in real time. The spectral analysis module is connected to the in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module via a continuous sample injection module, and is used to emit a specific wavelength laser to detect the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the acquired water and fertilizer samples. The intelligent control module is used to electrically connect with the spectral analysis module and the water and fertilizer supply actuator, and is used to adjust the water and fertilizer supply amount according to the detection results; The data transmission and storage module is used to transmit and store detection data and control commands in real time.

[0005] Preferably, the in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module includes: a water and fertilizer acquisition box, a water and fertilizer storage box, a filter permeation layer, and a float level detection switch; The water and fertilizer collection box is used to collect water and fertilizer samples from the cultivation substrate in real time; the water and fertilizer storage box is connected to the water and fertilizer collection box through a connecting pipe and is used to store the collected water and fertilizer samples; the filter permeation layer is set at the collection port of the water and fertilizer collection box and is used to filter soil particles in the substrate; the float level detection switch is set inside the water and fertilizer storage box and is used to detect the water and fertilizer level.

[0006] Preferably, the spectral analysis module includes a laser source, a multimode laser splitter, a reference light source circuit, and a sample light source circuit. The laser source is used to emit a detection laser of a specific wavelength; the multimode laser splitter is connected to the laser source via a quartz fiber and is used to split the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a sample laser beam; the reference laser source circuit includes a first collimating lens, a reference photodetector, and a reference transmission cuvette; the sample laser source circuit includes a second collimating lens, a sample photodetector, and a sample transmission cuvette.

[0007] Preferably, the continuous injection module includes a first peristaltic pump, a second peristaltic pump, and a flow control device; The inlet of the first peristaltic pump is connected to the water and fertilizer storage box, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the sample transmission cuvette; the inlet of the second peristaltic pump is connected to the reference sample cell, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the reference transmission cuvette; the flow control device is used to adjust the sample inlet flow of the first and second peristaltic pumps.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes a data processing unit, a decision-making unit, and an interface for the execution mechanism. The data processing unit is used to receive the detection data from the spectral analysis module and calculate the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water and fertilizer; the decision unit is used to generate water and fertilizer replenishment control instructions according to the preset crop demand threshold; the actuator interface is used to transmit the control instructions to the water and fertilizer replenishment actuator.

[0009] Preferably, the water and fertilizer supply actuator includes a fertilizer main pipe, an online automatic fertilizer dispensing unit, a flow guiding device, and a return liquid tank; The main fertilization pipe is used to transport the fertilization solution; the online automatic fertilizer mixing module is mainly connected to the main fertilization pipe and is used to mix nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization solution online; the diversion device is pre-embedded in the cultivation substrate and is used to divert excess fertilization solution to the return liquid tank; the return liquid tank is used to collect the returned fertilization solution.

[0010] Preferably, the online automatic fertilizer dispensing unit includes: a nitrogen fertilizer tank, a potassium fertilizer tank, a phosphate fertilizer tank, a trace element tank, an electromagnetic flow meter, a solenoid valve, a fertilizer pump, and a flow regulating device; The nitrogen fertilizer tank, potassium fertilizer tank, phosphate fertilizer tank, and trace element tank are each connected to the main fertilizer application pipe via water and fertilizer pipes; the electromagnetic flow meter is installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to detect the water and fertilizer flow rate; the solenoid valve is installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to control the on / off of water and fertilizer; the fertilizer pump is installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to draw the water and fertilizer solution; and the flow regulating device is used to adjust the flow rate of each water and fertilizer pipe according to the instructions of the intelligent control module.

[0011] Preferably, the online detection module for the return liquid pool includes: a liquid level detector, an in-situ detection module, and a data transmission interface; The liquid level detector is installed in the return liquid tank and is used to detect the water and fertilizer liquid level in the return liquid tank; The in-situ detection module is located on one side of the return liquid tank and is used to detect the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the returned water and fertilizer. The data transmission interface is used to transmit liquid level detection data and in-situ detection data to the intelligent control module.

[0012] Preferably, the specific steps of this control method are as follows: Step 1: The in-situ water and fertilizer sampling module collects water and fertilizer samples from the cultivation substrate in real time and transmits them to the spectral analysis module; Step 2: Detect the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the water and fertilizer samples using the spectral analysis module, and transmit the detection data to the intelligent control module; Step 3: The intelligent control module generates water and fertilizer supply control instructions based on the detection data and preset crop demand thresholds; Step 4: The online automatic fertilizer mixing module mixes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer online according to control instructions, and delivers it to the cultivation substrate through the fertilizer main pipe; Step 5: The excess water and fertilizer are diverted to the return liquid tank through the diversion device. The online detection module of the return liquid tank detects the liquid level and content of the returned water and fertilizer and feeds the data back to the intelligent control module. Step Six: The intelligent control module adjusts the water and fertilizer replenishment strategy based on feedback data to achieve closed-loop control.

[0013] Preferably, the central control unit and the delivery pump are electrically connected by wires, a second connecting pipe is fixedly installed at the output end of the delivery pump, a first connecting pipe is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the second connecting pipe, a fertilizer tank is fixedly installed at one end of the first connecting pipe, the fertilizer tank is equipped with an in-situ acquisition module, a spectral analysis module, an online automatic fertilizer dispensing module, a flow guiding device, a return liquid pool, and a liquid level detector, an intelligent control module is fixedly installed inside the central control unit, and a water outlet pipe is fixedly installed at the output end of the delivery pump.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes an in-situ water and fertilizer collection module to collect samples accurately in real time, a spectral analysis module to quickly detect nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, an intelligent control module to adjust the replenishment amount based on the results for precise fertilization, a continuous sampling module to ensure stable sample delivery, a water and fertilizer replenishment actuator to mix and deliver water and fertilizer online, and an online detection module in the return liquid pool to detect the return water and fertilizer status. Methodologically, this forms a closed loop from collection, detection, control to feedback adjustment, improving the scientific nature and efficiency of fertilization. The device integrates all modules into the fertilizer tank and central control unit, resulting in a compact structure and convenient operation. The data transmission and storage module transmits and stores data in real time for easy viewing and analysis. Overall, it realizes intelligent and automated agricultural water and fertilizer management, reducing labor costs and resource waste, improving crop yield and quality, promoting the modernization and refinement of agriculture, and providing strong support for sustainable agriculture.

[0015] 2. This invention achieves precise collection and detection. The in-situ water and fertilizer collection module acquires samples in real time, and the spectral analysis module quickly detects the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, providing data support for precision fertilization. Secondly, intelligent decision-making and execution are implemented. The intelligent control module generates instructions based on the detection data and crop demand thresholds, and the online automatic fertilizer dispensing module precisely mixes and delivers water and fertilizer according to the instructions to meet crop growth needs and improve fertilizer utilization. Furthermore, closed-loop feedback regulation is achieved. The diversion device diverts excess water and fertilizer to the return liquid pool, and the online detection module detects the return liquid level and content and provides feedback. The intelligent control module adjusts the replenishment strategy accordingly, forming a closed-loop control that can respond promptly to changes in water and fertilizer in the substrate. This method realizes the automation, intelligence, and precision of water and fertilizer management, reduces manual intervention, lowers labor intensity, avoids resource waste, helps improve crop yield and quality, and promotes the development of agriculture towards high efficiency and sustainability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the control method of the water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system of the present invention; Fig. 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the front of the present invention; Fig. 3 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Fig. 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the fertilizer tank of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Central control panel; 2. Delivery pump; 3. Wire; 4. Fertilizer tank; 5. First connecting pipe; 6. Intelligent control module; 7. Water outlet pipe; 8. In-situ acquisition module; 9. Spectral analysis module; 10. Online automatic fertilizer mixing module; 11. Flow guiding device; 12. Return liquid tank; 13. Liquid level detector; 14. Second connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figs. 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system. The system includes a water and fertilizer in-situ acquisition module 8, a spectral analysis module 9, an intelligent control module, a data transmission and storage module, a continuous sampling module, a water and fertilizer replenishment execution mechanism, and an online detection module in the return liquid tank 12.

[0020] The in-situ water and fertilizer collection module 8 is pre-embedded in the cultivation substrate and is used to collect water and fertilizer samples in the substrate in real time. The spectral analysis module 9 is connected to the in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module 8 via a continuous sample injection module, and is used to emit a specific wavelength laser to detect the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the acquired water and fertilizer samples; The intelligent control module is used to electrically connect with the spectral analysis module 9 and the water and fertilizer supply actuator, and is used to adjust the water and fertilizer supply amount according to the detection results; The data transmission and storage module is used to transmit and store detection data and control commands in real time.

[0021] First, it is precise and efficient. The in-situ water and fertilizer collection module is embedded in the substrate, enabling real-time sample collection. The spectral analysis module, using a continuous sample introduction module, emits specific wavelength lasers to rapidly detect nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, achieving accurate detection and avoiding the lag and inaccuracy of traditional methods. Second, it features intelligent control. Based on the detection results, the intelligent control module promptly adjusts the water and fertilizer supply actuators, precisely controlling the amount of water and fertilizer supplied to meet the needs of crops at different growth stages, improving fertilizer utilization and reducing resource waste. Third, it offers convenient data management. The data transmission and storage module can transmit and store detection data and control commands in real time, allowing agricultural personnel to view and analyze them at any time, providing a scientific basis for subsequent planting decisions. It also enables remote monitoring and management, reducing labor costs, improving the intelligence and modernization level of agricultural production, and contributing to the sustainable and high-quality development of agriculture.

[0022] The in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module 8 includes: a water and fertilizer acquisition box, a water and fertilizer storage box, a filter permeation layer, and a float level detection switch. The water and fertilizer collection box is used to collect water and fertilizer samples from the cultivation substrate in real time; the water and fertilizer storage box is connected to the water and fertilizer collection box through a connecting pipe and is used to store the collected water and fertilizer samples; the filter permeation layer is set at the collection port of the water and fertilizer collection box and is used to filter soil particles in the substrate; the float level detection switch is set in the water and fertilizer storage box and is used to detect the water and fertilizer level.

[0023] The in-situ water and fertilizer sampling module is ingeniously designed. The water and fertilizer sampling box can collect samples in real time, while the water and fertilizer storage box can store them properly. The filter and permeation layer effectively filters soil particles to ensure sample purity. The float-type liquid level detection switch can accurately detect the liquid level, avoiding sample overflow or insufficiency, and providing a reliable guarantee for subsequent accurate detection and analysis.

[0024] Among them, the spectral analysis module 9 includes a laser source, a multimode laser splitter, a reference light source circuit, and a sample light source circuit; The laser source is used to emit a detection laser of a specific wavelength; the multimode laser splitter is connected to the laser source through a quartz fiber and is used to split the laser into a measurement reference laser beam and a measurement sample laser beam; the measurement reference light source circuit includes a first collimating lens, a reference photodetector, and a reference transmission cuvette; the measurement sample light source circuit includes a second collimating lens, a sample photodetector, and a sample transmission cuvette.

[0025] The spectral analysis module 9 boasts significant advantages. Its laser source emits laser light of a specific wavelength, and the multimode laser splitter precisely disperses the light. The reference and sample light source circuits have clearly defined functions, and in conjunction with a collimating lens, photodetector, and cuvette, it can efficiently and accurately detect water and fertilizer components, providing reliable data support for precise regulation of water and fertilizer replenishment.

[0026] The continuous injection module includes a first peristaltic pump, a second peristaltic pump, and a flow control device. The inlet of the first peristaltic pump is connected to the water and fertilizer storage box, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the sample transmission cuvette; the inlet of the second peristaltic pump is connected to the reference sample cell, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the reference transmission cuvette; the flow control device is used to adjust the sample inlet flow of the first and second peristaltic pumps.

[0027] The first and second peristaltic pumps precisely connect the water and fertilizer storage box to the sample transmission cuvette and the reference sample cell to the reference transmission cuvette, respectively, ensuring stable sample delivery. The flow control device allows for flexible adjustment of the injection flow rate, ensuring accurate sample volume during detection and improving the reliability and precision of spectral analysis.

[0028] The intelligent control module includes a data processing unit, a decision-making unit, and an interface for the execution mechanism. The data processing unit is used to receive the detection data from the spectral analysis module 9 and calculate the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water and fertilizer; the decision unit is used to generate water and fertilizer replenishment control instructions according to the preset crop demand threshold; the actuator interface is used to transmit the control instructions to the water and fertilizer replenishment actuator.

[0029] The data processing unit can quickly receive and accurately calculate the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in water and fertilizer, providing a scientific basis for decision-making; the decision-making unit generates reasonable control instructions based on crop demand thresholds; the execution mechanism interface efficiently transmits instructions to achieve precise water and fertilizer replenishment and improve agricultural production efficiency and quality.

[0030] The water and fertilizer supply mechanism includes a main fertilizer pipe, an online automatic fertilizer dispensing unit, a diversion device 11, and a return liquid tank 12. The main fertilization pipe is used to transport the water-fertilizer solution; the online automatic fertilizer mixing module 10 is mainly connected to the main fertilization pipe and is used to mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-fertilizer online; the diversion device 11 is pre-embedded in the cultivation substrate and is used to divert excess water-fertilizer to the return liquid tank 12; the return liquid tank 12 is used to collect the returned water-fertilizer solution.

[0031] The online automatic fertilizer dispensing unit includes: nitrogen fertilizer tank, potassium fertilizer tank, phosphate fertilizer tank and trace element tank, electromagnetic flow meter, solenoid valve, fertilizer pump and flow regulating device. Nitrogen fertilizer tanks, potassium fertilizer tanks, phosphate fertilizer tanks, and trace element tanks are each connected to the main fertilizer supply pipe via water and fertilizer pipes; electromagnetic flow meters are installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to detect the water and fertilizer flow rate; solenoid valves are installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to control the on / off flow of water and fertilizer; fertilizer pumps are installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to extract the water and fertilizer solution; and flow regulating devices are used to adjust the flow rate of each water and fertilizer pipe according to the instructions of the intelligent control module.

[0032] The online detection module of the return liquid tank 12 includes: a liquid level detector 13, an in-situ detection module, and a data transmission interface; The liquid level detector 13 is installed in the return liquid tank 12 to detect the water and fertilizer liquid level in the return liquid tank 12; The in-situ detection module is located on one side of the return liquid tank 12 and is used to detect the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the returned water and fertilizer. The data transmission interface is used to transmit liquid level detection data and in-situ detection data to the intelligent control module.

[0033] The specific steps of this control method are as follows: Step 1: The in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module 8 collects water and fertilizer samples from the cultivation substrate in real time and transmits them to the spectral analysis module 9; Step 2: The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the water and fertilizer samples is detected by the spectral analysis module 9, and the detection data is transmitted to the intelligent control module; Step 3: The intelligent control module generates water and fertilizer supply control instructions based on the detection data and preset crop demand thresholds; Step 4: The online automatic fertilizer mixing module 10 mixes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium water and fertilizer online according to control instructions, and delivers them to the cultivation substrate through the fertilizer main pipe; Step 5: The excess water and fertilizer are diverted to the return liquid tank 12 through the diversion device 11. The online detection module of the return liquid tank 12 detects the liquid level and content of the returned water and fertilizer and feeds the data back to the intelligent control module. Step Six: The intelligent control module adjusts the water and fertilizer replenishment strategy based on feedback data to achieve closed-loop control.

[0034] The central control unit 1 and the delivery pump 2 are electrically connected by a wire 3. The output end of the delivery pump 2 is fixedly installed with a second connecting pipe 14. The outer surface of the second connecting pipe 14 is fixedly installed with a first connecting pipe 5. One end of the first connecting pipe 5 is fixedly installed with a fertilizer tank 4. The fertilizer tank 4 is equipped with an in-situ acquisition module 8, a spectral analysis module 9, an online automatic fertilizer dispensing module 10, a flow guiding device 11, a return liquid pool 12, and a liquid level detector 13. The central control unit 1 is fixedly installed with an intelligent control module 6. The output end of the delivery pump 2 is fixedly installed with a water outlet pipe 7.

[0035] The central control unit 1 and the delivery pump 2 are electrically connected via wire 3 for signal transmission and control. During operation, the device uses the in-situ acquisition module 8 to collect water and fertilizer samples from the cultivation substrate in real time. The samples are then transported to the spectral analysis module 9, which analyzes the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the samples and transmits the data to the intelligent control module 6 within the central control unit 1. Based on the received detection data and preset crop demand thresholds, the intelligent control module 6 generates water and fertilizer replenishment control commands and transmits them to the online automatic fertilizer dispensing module 10. According to the commands, the online automatic fertilizer dispensing module 10 precisely dispenses nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium water and fertilizer online through the fertilizer tank 4 connected to the first connecting pipe 5. The dispensed water and fertilizer is then delivered to the cultivation substrate via the output end of the delivery pump 2 and the outlet pipe 7. During this process, the diversion device 11 will divert excess water and fertilizer to the return liquid tank 12. The liquid level detector 13 in the return liquid tank 12 will detect the liquid level and nutrient content of the returned water and fertilizer, and feed the relevant data back to the intelligent control module 6. The intelligent control module 6 will adjust the water and fertilizer replenishment strategy in a timely manner according to the feedback data, forming a closed-loop control, thereby achieving scientific and precise water and fertilizer supply.

[0036] Example 1: System Overall Structure and Implementation System Setup A smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer monitoring and replenishment system is constructed by pre-embedding the in-situ water and fertilizer collection module 8 into the cultivation substrate. This ensures that the filter and permeation layer at the collection port can effectively filter soil particles in the substrate and prevent clogging. The water and fertilizer collection box collects water and fertilizer samples in real time and transports them to the water and fertilizer storage box through connecting pipes. A float-type liquid level detection switch monitors the liquid level in the water and fertilizer storage box in real time.

[0037] The spectral analysis module 9 is connected to the in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module 8 via a continuous sample injection module. The laser source emits a detection laser of a specific wavelength, which is split into a reference laser beam and a sample laser beam by a multimode laser splitter. These beams then enter the reference light source circuit and the sample light source circuit, respectively. In the reference light source circuit, the first collimating lens collimates the laser beam before it enters the reference transmission cuvette, where a reference photodetector receives and converts the light signal. Similarly, in the sample light source circuit, a sample photodetector receives the light signal from the sample transmission cuvette.

[0038] The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the spectral analysis module 9 and the water and fertilizer supply actuator. The data processing unit receives the detection data from the spectral analysis module 9 and calculates the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the water and fertilizer; the decision-making unit generates water and fertilizer supply control commands based on preset crop demand thresholds; the actuator interface transmits the control commands to the water and fertilizer supply actuator.

[0039] The data transmission and storage module transmits and stores detection data and control commands in real time for subsequent querying and analysis.

[0040] Continuous injection operation The first peristaltic pump of the continuous injection module has its inlet connected to the water and fertilizer storage box, and its outlet connected to the inlet of the sample transmission cuvette. The second peristaltic pump has its inlet connected to the reference sample cell, and its outlet connected to the inlet of the reference transmission cuvette. The flow control device adjusts the injection flow rates of the first and second peristaltic pumps according to system requirements to ensure stable and accurate injection.

[0041] Water and fertilizer replenishment implementation The main fertilization pipe of the water and fertilizer supply actuator is used to transport the water and fertilizer solution. The nitrogen fertilizer tank, potassium fertilizer tank, phosphorus fertilizer tank, and trace element tank of the online automatic fertilizer mixing unit are connected to the main fertilization pipe through water and fertilizer pipes. Electromagnetic flow meters are installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to detect the water and fertilizer flow rate. Solenoid valves control the on and off of water and fertilizer. The fertilizer suction pump draws the water and fertilizer solution. The flow regulating device adjusts the flow rate of each water and fertilizer pipe according to the instructions of the intelligent control module to achieve online precise mixing of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium water and fertilizer.

[0042] The diversion device 11 is pre-embedded in the cultivation substrate to divert excess water and fertilizer to the return liquid tank 12. The liquid level detector 13 of the online detection module of the return liquid tank 12 detects the water and fertilizer liquid level in the return liquid tank 12, and the in-situ detection module detects the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the returned water and fertilizer. The data transmission interface transmits the liquid level detection data and the in-situ detection data to the intelligent control module.

[0043] System control process Step 1: The in-situ water and fertilizer sampling module 8 collects water and fertilizer samples from the cultivation substrate in real time and delivers them to the spectral analysis module 9 through the continuous sampling module.

[0044] Step 2: The spectral analysis module 9 detects the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the water and fertilizer samples and transmits the detection data to the intelligent control module.

[0045] Step 3: The intelligent control module generates water and fertilizer replenishment control instructions based on the detection data and preset crop demand thresholds.

[0046] Step 4: The online automatic fertilizer mixing module 10 mixes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium water fertilizer online according to the control instructions, and delivers it to the cultivation substrate through the fertilizer main pipe.

[0047] Step 5: The diversion device 11 diverts excess water and fertilizer to the return liquid tank 12. The online detection module of the return liquid tank 12 detects the liquid level and content of the returned water and fertilizer and feeds the data back to the intelligent control module.

[0048] Step Six: The intelligent control module adjusts the water and fertilizer supply strategy based on the feedback data to achieve closed-loop control and ensure that the water and fertilizer supply meets the crop's growth needs.

[0049] Example 2: Implementation of collaborative operation between device and system Device installation and connection Install a water and fertilizer monitoring and replenishment device for smart agricultural substrates, and electrically connect the central control unit 1 and the delivery pump 2 via wire 3. A second connecting pipe 14 is fixedly installed at the output end of the delivery pump 2, and a first connecting pipe 5 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the second connecting pipe 14. A fertilizer tank 4 is fixedly installed at one end of the first connecting pipe 5.

[0050] Inside the fertilizer tank 4, an in-situ acquisition module 8, a spectral analysis module 9, an online automatic fertilizer dispensing module 10, a flow guiding device 11, a return liquid tank 12, and a liquid level detector 13 are installed. Inside the central control panel 1, an intelligent control module 6 is fixedly installed, and the output end of the delivery pump 2 is fixedly installed with a water outlet pipe 7 to ensure that all components are firmly connected and well sealed.

[0051] System and device working together The in-situ acquisition module 8 simulates the collection of water and fertilizer samples in the fertilizer tank 4. In actual operation, the samples are pre-buried in the cultivation substrate and transported to the spectral analysis module 9 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content detection. The detection data is transmitted to the intelligent control module 6 in the central control console 1.

[0052] The intelligent control module 6 generates water and fertilizer replenishment control commands based on the detection data and preset crop demand thresholds, controls the working status of the delivery pump 2, and simultaneously controls the online automatic fertilizer mixing module 10 to mix nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium water and fertilizer in the fertilizer tank 4.

[0053] The prepared water and fertilizer are transported to the cultivation substrate through the outlet pipe 7 to simulate the transportation process. The diversion device 11 diverts excess water and fertilizer to the return liquid tank 12. The liquid level detector 13 detects the liquid level in the return liquid tank 12. The in-situ detection module detects the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the returned water and fertilizer and feeds the data back to the intelligent control module 6.

[0054] The intelligent control module 6 adjusts the flow rate and water-fertilizer ratio of the delivery pump 2 based on feedback data, thereby achieving precise control and closed-loop regulation of water and fertilizer supply, ensuring that the device and system work together to meet the crop's water and fertilizer needs.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0056] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system, characterized in that: The system consists of an in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module (8), a spectral analysis module (9), an intelligent control module, a data transmission and storage module, a continuous sampling module, a water and fertilizer replenishment actuator, a return liquid tank (12), and an online detection module; The in-situ water and fertilizer collection module (8) is pre-embedded in the cultivation substrate and is used to collect water and fertilizer samples in the substrate in real time. The spectral analysis module (9) is used to connect with the in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module (8) through a continuous sample injection module, and is used to emit a specific wavelength laser to detect the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the acquired water and fertilizer samples; The intelligent control module is used to electrically connect with the spectral analysis module (9) and the water and fertilizer supply actuator, and is used to adjust the water and fertilizer supply amount according to the detection results; The data transmission and storage module is used to transmit and store detection data and control commands in real time.

2. The water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for intelligent agricultural substrates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The in-situ water and fertilizer acquisition module (8) includes: a water and fertilizer acquisition box, a water and fertilizer storage box, a filter permeation layer, and a float level detection switch; The water and fertilizer collection box is used to collect water and fertilizer samples from the cultivation substrate in real time; the water and fertilizer storage box is connected to the water and fertilizer collection box through a connecting pipe and is used to store the collected water and fertilizer samples; the filter permeation layer is set at the collection port of the water and fertilizer collection box and is used to filter soil particles in the substrate; the float level detection switch is set inside the water and fertilizer storage box and is used to detect the water and fertilizer level.

3. The water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for intelligent agricultural substrates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spectral analysis module (9) includes a laser source, a multimode laser splitter, a reference light source circuit, and a sample light source circuit. The laser source is used to emit a detection laser of a specific wavelength; the multimode laser splitter is connected to the laser source via a quartz fiber and is used to split the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a sample laser beam; the reference laser source circuit includes a first collimating lens, a reference photodetector, and a reference transmission cuvette; the sample laser source circuit includes a second collimating lens, a sample photodetector, and a sample transmission cuvette.

4. The water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for intelligent agricultural substrates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous injection module includes a first peristaltic pump, a second peristaltic pump, and a flow control device; The inlet of the first peristaltic pump is connected to the water and fertilizer storage box, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the sample transmission cuvette; the inlet of the second peristaltic pump is connected to the reference sample cell, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the reference transmission cuvette; the flow control device is used to adjust the sample inlet flow of the first and second peristaltic pumps.

5. The water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for intelligent agricultural substrates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control module includes a data processing unit, a decision-making unit, and an execution mechanism interface. The data processing unit is used to receive the detection data from the spectral analysis module (9) and calculate the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water and fertilizer; the decision unit is used to generate water and fertilizer supply control instructions according to the preset crop demand threshold; the execution mechanism interface is used to transmit the control instructions to the water and fertilizer supply execution mechanism.

6. The water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for intelligent agricultural substrates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer supply actuator includes a fertilizer main pipe, an online automatic fertilizer dispensing unit, a flow guiding device (11), and a return liquid tank (12). The main fertilization pipe is used to transport the water and fertilizer solution; the online automatic fertilizer mixing module (10) is mainly connected to the main fertilization pipe and is used to mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water and fertilizer online; the diversion device (11) is pre-embedded in the cultivation substrate and is used to divert excess water and fertilizer to the return liquid tank (12); the return liquid tank (12) is used to collect the returned water and fertilizer solution.

7. The water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for intelligent agricultural substrates according to claim 6, characterized in that: The online automatic fertilizer dispensing unit includes: a nitrogen fertilizer tank, a potassium fertilizer tank, a phosphate fertilizer tank, a trace element tank, an electromagnetic flow meter, a solenoid valve, a fertilizer pump, and a flow regulating device. The nitrogen fertilizer tank, potassium fertilizer tank, phosphate fertilizer tank, and trace element tank are each connected to the main fertilizer application pipe via water and fertilizer pipes; the electromagnetic flow meter is installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to detect the water and fertilizer flow rate; the solenoid valve is installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to control the on / off of water and fertilizer; the fertilizer pump is installed on each water and fertilizer pipe to draw the water and fertilizer solution; and the flow regulating device is used to adjust the flow rate of each water and fertilizer pipe according to the instructions of the intelligent control module.

8. The water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system for intelligent agricultural substrates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The online detection module of the return liquid tank (12) includes: a liquid level detector (13), an in-situ detection module, and a data transmission interface; The liquid level detector (13) is installed in the return liquid tank (12) and is used to detect the water and fertilizer liquid level in the return liquid tank (12); The in-situ detection module is set on one side of the return liquid tank (12) and is used to detect the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the returned water and fertilizer. The data transmission interface is used to transmit liquid level detection data and in-situ detection data to the intelligent control module.

9. A control method for a smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer detection and replenishment system, characterized in that: The specific steps of this control method are as follows: Step 1: The in-situ water and fertilizer collection module (8) collects water and fertilizer samples in the cultivation substrate in real time and transmits them to the spectral analysis module (9). Step 2: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the water and fertilizer sample is detected by the spectral analysis module (9), and the detection data is transmitted to the intelligent control module; Step 3: The intelligent control module generates water and fertilizer supply control instructions based on the detection data and preset crop demand thresholds; Step 4: The online automatic fertilizer mixing module (10) mixes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium water fertilizer online according to the control instructions, and delivers it to the cultivation substrate through the fertilizer main pipe; Step 5: The excess water and fertilizer are diverted to the return liquid tank (12) through the diversion device (11). The online detection module of the return liquid tank (12) detects the liquid level and content of the returned water and fertilizer and feeds the data back to the intelligent control module. Step Six: The intelligent control module adjusts the water and fertilizer replenishment strategy based on feedback data to achieve closed-loop control.

10. A smart agricultural substrate water and fertilizer detection and replenishment device, comprising a central control unit (1) and a delivery pump (2), characterized in that: The central control unit (1) and the delivery pump (2) are electrically connected by wires (3). The output end of the delivery pump (2) is fixedly installed with a second connecting pipe (14). The outer surface of the second connecting pipe (14) is fixedly installed with a first connecting pipe (5). One end of the first connecting pipe (5) is fixedly installed with a fertilizer tank (4). The fertilizer tank (4) is equipped with an in-situ acquisition module (8), a spectral analysis module (9), an online automatic fertilizer dispensing module (10), a flow guiding device (11), a return liquid pool (12), and a liquid level detector (13). The central control unit (1) is fixedly installed with an intelligent control module (6). The output end of the delivery pump (2) is fixedly installed with a water outlet pipe (7).

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