A film mulching water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated application system and method for mountainous flue-cured tobacco

Abstract

The present application relates to mountain tobacco water-saving cultivation technical field, especially to a kind of mountain flue-cured tobacco under film drip irrigation water fertilizer medicine integration application system and method.The method includes the following steps: dividing mountain flue-cured tobacco under film drip irrigation application area, and according to slope position, elevation division application unit;Collect the water requirement condition, nutrient supply condition and pest occurrence condition of any application unit;Water requirement condition, nutrient supply condition and pest occurrence condition are jointly analyzed, and the corresponding water fertilizer medicine matching scheme is obtained;In mountain flue-cured tobacco under film drip irrigation application area, evaluate the delivery capacity of drip irrigation belt;Water fertilizer medicine matching scheme is generated using the delivery capacity of drip irrigation belt and drip irrigation control parameter.The present application realizes the miniaturization, low-cost system and matching application specification of water fertilizer medicine matching based on mountain tobacco water-saving cultivation technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water-saving cultivation technology for tobacco in mountainous areas, and in particular to an integrated water, fertilizer and pesticide application system and method for drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] In current practices for applying water, fertilizer, and pesticides to flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas, manual irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide spraying are typically carried out independently, or conventional drip irrigation under mulch is used. Due to the steep slopes, significant terrain undulations, and large elevation differences in mountainous tobacco fields, uneven pressure distribution, inconsistent dripper output, and localized insufficient liquid supply are common problems when drip irrigation pipelines are laid along slopes. Furthermore, tobacco plants at different slope locations exhibit variations in water requirements, nutrient supply, and pest and disease prevalence, easily leading to uneven application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides, water and fertilizer loss, low pesticide utilization rates, and inconsistent plant growth. Although existing technologies employ drip irrigation under mulch, fertigation, or smart irrigation equipment to improve application efficiency, most focus on irrigation control or water and fertilizer management. They lack the technical means to comprehensively analyze water, fertilizer, and pesticide application schemes, drip irrigation control parameters, and delivery anomalies by combining mountainous terrain characteristics, tobacco plant growth needs, pest and disease characteristics, and drip irrigation tape delivery capacity. This makes it difficult to achieve precise control of integrated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application under mulch in complex mountainous terrain conditions, affecting the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer, and pesticides and the operational stability of the drip irrigation system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary for the present invention to provide an integrated water, fertilizer and pesticide application system and method for drip irrigation under film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco fields, in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, a method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous areas for flue-cured tobacco includes the following steps: Step S1: Divide the application area for drip irrigation under the film of flue-cured tobacco in the mountainous area, and divide the application units according to the slope and elevation; collect the water requirement, nutrient supply and pest occurrence status of any application unit; Step S2: Conduct a joint analysis of water demand, nutrient supply, and pest and disease occurrence to obtain the corresponding water, fertilizer, and pesticide application plan; evaluate the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape in the drip irrigation application area under the film of flue-cured tobacco. Step S3: Generate drip irrigation control parameters using the drip irrigation tape's delivery capacity and the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme; use the drip irrigation control parameters to control the intelligent flow rate pump to deliver the water, fertilizer, and pesticide mixture, while simultaneously recording drip irrigation information, including pressure, flow rate, and delivery duration within the drip irrigation pipeline; Step S4: Analyze the location of the anomaly and its corresponding impact range based on the feedback drip irrigation information, and adjust the drip irrigation control parameters accordingly.

[0005] Preferably, this specification also provides a drip irrigation system for integrated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application under mulch film in mountainous areas, used to perform the drip irrigation method for integrated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application under mulch film in mountainous areas as described above. This drip irrigation system for integrated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application under mulch film in mountainous areas includes: The area division module is used to divide the application area of ​​drip irrigation under film for flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas and divide the application units according to slope and elevation; it collects the water demand, nutrient supply and pest occurrence status of any application unit; The scheme setting module is used to jointly analyze water demand, nutrient supply and pest occurrence to obtain corresponding water, fertilizer and pesticide application schemes; and to evaluate the delivery capacity of drip irrigation tape in the drip irrigation application area under the film of flue-cured tobacco. The delivery monitoring module is used to generate drip irrigation control parameters based on the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape and the water, fertilizer and pesticide application scheme; the drip irrigation control parameters are used to control the intelligent flow rate pump to deliver the water, fertilizer and pesticide mixture, and at the same time record drip irrigation information, including the pressure, flow rate and delivery duration in the drip irrigation pipeline; The control and adjustment module is used to analyze the location of the anomaly and its corresponding impact range based on the feedback drip irrigation information, and to adjust the drip irrigation control parameters accordingly.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) By dividing the application area of ​​drip irrigation under film for flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas and combining the slope position, elevation and the undulation characteristics of the mountainous tobacco field to form application units, and collecting the water demand, nutrient supply and pest occurrence of each application unit, the synergistic analysis of the topographic features of the mountainous tobacco field and the growth needs of the tobacco plants is realized, so that the application of water, fertilizer and pesticides is transformed from the traditional unified irrigation, unified fertilization and unified pesticide application method to a precise application mode for different application units, which improves the targeting of water, fertilizer and pesticide application for flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas.

[0007] (2) By jointly analyzing the water demand, nutrient supply and pest occurrence, a water, fertilizer and pesticide application scheme is generated. The drip irrigation tape delivery capacity is evaluated by combining the drip irrigation pipeline pressure, dripper water uniformity, liquid supply blockage rate and water and fertilizer delivery loss. This achieves the coordinated matching of water, fertilizer and pesticide application scheme and drip irrigation delivery performance, transforming the traditional liquid supply control based solely on application demand into a dynamic liquid supply control mode that combines drip irrigation delivery capacity, thereby improving the uniformity of water, fertilizer and pesticide delivery and the operational stability of the drip irrigation system.

[0008] (3) By utilizing the delivery capacity of drip irrigation tape and the water, fertilizer and pesticide application scheme to generate drip irrigation control parameters, and by analyzing the location and impact range of abnormalities based on drip irrigation information, the drip irrigation control parameters are dynamically adjusted, realizing closed-loop control of the drip irrigation application process under film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco. This transforms drip irrigation management from fixed parameter control to a control mode that combines real-time feedback of delivery status with dynamic optimization, reducing application deviations caused by uneven pressure, dripper blockage and water and fertilizer delivery losses, and improving the accuracy and reliability of integrated water, fertilizer and pesticide application under film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of a method for integrated application of water, fertilizer and pesticides through drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous areas for flue-cured tobacco, according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for establishing a water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for evaluating the delivery capacity of drip irrigation tape in this invention; The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical method of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0011] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0012] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first unit may be referred to as a second unit, and similarly, a second unit may be referred to as a first unit. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 This invention provides a method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous areas for flue-cured tobacco, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Divide the application area for drip irrigation under the film of flue-cured tobacco in the mountainous area, and divide the application units according to the slope and elevation; collect the water requirement, nutrient supply and pest occurrence status of any application unit; In one embodiment, aerial surveying using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) acquires orthophotos and digital elevation models of the mountainous tobacco fields, and combines this with plot boundaries to delineate the application areas for drip irrigation under mulch. Subsequently, the application areas are segmented based on slope position, elevation, and slope continuity to form multiple application units. For each application unit, soil moisture sensors, soil nutrient detection devices, and pest and disease image acquisition equipment are deployed in the middle of the tobacco rows to acquire soil moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient supply, and images of leaf lesions. Water requirements are calculated based on soil moisture content, nutrient supply is analyzed based on nutrient detection results, and pest and disease occurrence is identified based on the lesion outline morphology.

[0014] In another embodiment, assuming the area of ​​the mountainous tobacco field is 18 hm², it is divided into 32 application units, including 8 at the top of the slope, 15 in the middle of the slope, and 9 at the foot of the slope; the elevation of each application unit ranges from 860 to 1035 m, and the slope ranges from 8° to 26°. Each application unit is equipped with 2 soil moisture sensors and 1 nutrient detection device, collecting a total of 64 sets of soil moisture data, ranging from 15.6% to 29.8%; collecting 32 sets of nutrient data, with the alkaline nitrogen content ranging from 62 to 118 mg / kg; simultaneously acquiring 640 images of tobacco leaves, identifying 126 lesion outlines, and forming data on the water requirement, nutrient supply, and pest and disease occurrence of the corresponding application unit.

[0015] Step S2: Conduct a joint analysis of water demand, nutrient supply, and pest and disease occurrence to obtain the corresponding water, fertilizer, and pesticide application plan; evaluate the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape in the drip irrigation application area under the film of flue-cured tobacco. In one embodiment, irrigation demand data is analyzed based on the water requirement of each application unit, nutrient deficiency rate is calculated based on nutrient supply status, and lesion outline morphology is identified based on pest and disease occurrence status to form pest and disease characteristic data. The irrigation demand data, nutrient deficiency rate, and pest and disease characteristic data are correlated and matched to generate the corresponding water-fertilizer-pesticide mixing ratio for each application unit, thus forming a water-fertilizer-pesticide application plan. Simultaneously, pressure is monitored in the drip irrigation pipeline, the pipeline pressure distribution is calculated, and areas of uneven pressure are identified. The uniformity of dripper water output is calculated based on pressure changes, the dripper supply blockage rate is assessed, and the water and fertilizer transport loss is analyzed based on the blockage rate to obtain the drip irrigation tape's transport capacity.

[0016] In another embodiment, it is assumed that 12 out of 32 application units require increased irrigation, with irrigation demand ranging from 8.5 to 16.2 L / plant; nutrient deficiency rate ranging from 9.8% to 28.6%; a total of 138 lesion outlines were identified, including 82 elliptical lesions and 56 irregular lesions. After joint analysis, 32 water, fertilizer, and pesticide application schemes were formed, with fertilizer concentrations ranging from 0.12% to 0.32% and pesticide-to-liquid ratios ranging from 1:600 ​​to 1:1000. The pressure of 480 drip irrigation mains and branch pipes was tested, identifying 5 areas of uneven pressure. The average uniformity of dripper water output was 91.8%, the dripper supply blockage rate was 3.6%, and the calculated drip tape delivery capacity was 96.2%.

[0017] Step S3: Generate drip irrigation control parameters using the drip irrigation tape's delivery capacity and the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme; use the drip irrigation control parameters to control the intelligent flow rate pump to deliver the water, fertilizer, and pesticide mixture, while simultaneously recording drip irrigation information, including pressure, flow rate, and delivery duration within the drip irrigation pipeline; In one embodiment, the liquid supply capacity of each application unit is analyzed based on the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape, and the liquid supply demand is determined in conjunction with the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application plan. Flow control data is generated based on the liquid supply capacity and the liquid supply demand, and then the drip irrigation duration and liquid supply sequence of each application unit are calculated based on the flow control data to form drip irrigation control parameters. The intelligent flow control pump completes the delivery of the water, fertilizer, and pesticide mixture according to the drip irrigation control parameters, and records the pressure, flow rate, and delivery duration in the drip irrigation pipeline in real time.

[0018] In another embodiment, it is assumed that the liquid supply flow rate in the 32 application units is set within the range of 2.1–4.8 L / min, and the drip irrigation duration ranges from 18–52 min. Liquid supply is completed sequentially from highest to lowest elevation, resulting in 32 sets of drip irrigation control parameters. During the drip irrigation process, 1920 sets of pressure data (range 0.14–0.23 MPa), 1920 sets of flow rate data (range 2.05–4.76 L / min), and 32 sets of delivery duration data are recorded, for a total drip irrigation time of approximately 1080 min.

[0019] Step S4: Analyze the location of the anomaly and its corresponding impact range based on the feedback drip irrigation information, and adjust the drip irrigation control parameters accordingly.

[0020] In one embodiment, the operating status of each application unit is analyzed based on the pipeline pressure, flow rate, and delivery duration recorded during the drip irrigation process. When a local pressure drop, abnormal flow rate, or delivery time deviation from the set value is detected, the location of the abnormality is determined, and the scope of the abnormality's impact is analyzed in conjunction with the drip irrigation pipeline connection relationship. Subsequently, the liquid supply flow rate, drip irrigation duration, and liquid supply sequence of the corresponding application unit are recalculated, the drip irrigation control parameters are updated, and the intelligent flow rate control pump is controlled to execute the adjusted delivery scheme, thereby realizing dynamic closed-loop control of the drip irrigation process.

[0021] In another embodiment, it is assumed that a total of 6 abnormal locations were detected during a single drip irrigation process, including 1 abnormality in the main pipe, 2 abnormalities in the branch pipe, and 3 abnormalities in the dripper blockage; the abnormalities affected a total of 9 application units, accounting for 28.1% of all application units. After adjustment, the corresponding application unit's liquid supply flow rate was corrected by 5.2% to 14.8%, the drip irrigation duration was increased by 3 to 11 minutes, and the liquid supply sequence was adjusted 7 times; after restarting, the pipeline pressure stabilized at 0.17 to 0.21 MPa, the uniformity of water output from the drippers improved to 95.4%, and each application unit completed the preset water, fertilizer, and pesticide application amounts.

[0022] Preferably, step S1, which involves dividing the application area for drip irrigation under the film of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas and dividing the application units according to slope and elevation, includes: The application areas for drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco fields were delineated, and the surface elevation distribution information was extracted within these areas. The slope undulation characteristics of the mountainous tobacco fields were then identified based on the surface elevation distribution information. In one embodiment, remote sensing imagery, UAV aerial survey data, and topographic mapping data of the mountainous tobacco planting area are acquired. Spatial registration of the multi-source data is performed to determine the boundary of the drip irrigation application area. A digital elevation model is constructed based on the application area boundary, and the surface elevation at various locations within the area is extracted to form elevation distribution data. The elevation distribution data is used to analyze the elevation variation relationships between adjacent areas, calculate the elevation differences and continuous trends at different locations, and identify the slope undulation characteristics of the mountainous tobacco fields. Based on the continuous rise and fall of elevation, the slope top area, slope surface area, and slope toe area are determined.

[0023] In another embodiment, assuming topographic mapping data of a 15 hm² tobacco planting area in a mountainous region is obtained, a digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of 1 m is established, and a total of 150,000 surface elevation points are extracted, with the lowest elevation at 865 m, the highest at 1042 m, and an elevation difference of 177 m. Analysis of the elevation distribution data reveals seven main slope variation areas within the region, with an average elevation of 1025 m at the slope crest, 945 m on the slope surface, and 875 m at the slope toe. Simultaneously, 23 areas of continuous elevation variation are identified, including six abrupt elevation changes, forming corresponding data on the slope undulation characteristics of the mountainous tobacco fields.

[0024] The terrain relationship was analyzed based on the slope undulation characteristics of the mountain tobacco fields; the drip irrigation application area under the film of the mountain flue-cured tobacco was divided into application units according to the terrain relationship.

[0025] In one embodiment, the elevation connectivity, slope extension direction, and water flow convergence direction between different regions are analyzed based on the slope undulation characteristics of the mountainous tobacco field to determine the topographic relationships between the regions. Regions with continuous slope morphology are identified based on the topographic relationships, and regions with the same slope position, consistent elevation change trend, and similar water and fertilizer transport paths are merged. Regions with obvious slope transitions, large elevation changes, or different water and fertilizer transport directions are independently divided into multiple application units. Each application unit corresponds to independent terrain features and drip irrigation supply requirements.

[0026] In another embodiment, assuming 23 slope variation areas are identified based on slope undulation characteristics, adjacent and continuous areas are merged by analyzing elevation connections and slope direction to form 28 application units. Specifically, 6 application units are formed at the top of the slope, with an average area of ​​0.42 hm²; 15 application units are formed in the middle of the slope, with an average area of ​​0.56 hm²; and 7 application units are formed at the toe of the slope, with an average area of ​​0.38 hm². Analysis shows that the elevation variation within each application unit is controlled between 8 and 15 meters, and there are significant slope differences between adjacent application units, resulting in a division of drip irrigation application areas with independent topographic relationships.

[0027] Preferably, in step S2, a joint analysis of water demand, nutrient supply, and pest and disease occurrence is performed to obtain the corresponding water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme, including: Analyze irrigation demand data of the application unit based on water demand status; analyze nutrient deficiency rate of the application unit based on nutrient supply status; identify lesion outline morphology based on pest and disease occurrence status to obtain pest and disease characteristic data; In one embodiment, soil moisture content, tobacco plant growth status, and soil nutrient detection data are acquired in each application unit to analyze the water and nutrient supply in different application units. Based on the difference between the soil moisture content in the application unit and the corresponding water requirement range for the tobacco plant growth stage, irrigation demand data for the application unit is calculated. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient contents obtained from soil testing are compared with the nutrient contents required by the tobacco plant at its current growth stage to analyze nutrient supply deficiencies and obtain the nutrient deficiency rate. Simultaneously, images of tobacco plant leaves affected by diseases and pests are processed to extract the edge contour information of lesions, analyze the shape, boundary continuity, and distribution range of the lesions, identify the lesion contour morphology, and obtain disease and pest characteristic data.

[0028] In another embodiment, assuming a mountainous tobacco field is divided into 20 application units, soil moisture content data, nutrient detection data, and tobacco leaf pest and disease image data are collected for each application unit. The soil moisture content range is 16.5%–28.4%. Based on the water requirements of the tobacco plants at their current growth stage, 20 sets of irrigation demand data are obtained, with an irrigation demand range of 6.8–14.5 L / plant. The nitrogen content range is 58–126 mg / kg, phosphorus content range is 18–46 mg / kg, and potassium content range is 92–185 mg / kg. Based on the nutrient requirements, the nutrient deficiency rate ranges from 8.6% to 31.2%. 400 tobacco leaf images are collected, and 96 lesion outlines are extracted, including 38 circular lesions, 34 elliptical lesions, and 24 irregular lesions, forming the pest and disease characteristic data for the corresponding application unit.

[0029] By correlating and matching irrigation demand data, nutrient deficiency rate, and pest and disease characteristic data, the water-fertilizer-pesticide mixing ratio is obtained, and the water-fertilizer-pesticide application plan is generated using the mixing ratio.

[0030] In one embodiment, the water supply amount is determined based on the irrigation demand data of each application unit, the fertilizer supply amount is determined based on the nutrient deficiency rate, and the pesticide application requirement is determined based on the pest and disease characteristic data. The water supply amount, fertilizer supply amount, and pesticide application requirement within the same application unit are correlated and matched, and the ratio of water, fertilizer, and pesticide is analyzed to obtain the water-fertilizer-pesticide mixing ratio for the corresponding application unit. Based on the differences in the mixing ratios of different application units, the water-fertilizer-pesticide supply amount, delivery concentration, and application sequence are configured to generate the water-fertilizer-pesticide application plan for the corresponding application unit.

[0031] In another embodiment, assuming that the 20 application units are divided into three categories of water supply demand areas—low, medium, and high—based on irrigation demand data, there are 6 low-demand areas, 9 medium-demand areas, and 5 high-demand areas; the fertilizer supplementation requirement range is determined to be 0.08–0.26 kg / plant based on nutrient deficiency rate analysis; and 8 application units requiring pesticide supplementation are identified based on pest and disease characteristic data. After correlation matching, 20 sets of water-fertilizer-pesticide mixing ratios are generated, with the water-fertilizer ratio ranging from 1:0.08 to 1:0.22 and the pesticide solution mixing ratio ranging from 1:700 to 1:1000; and 20 sets of water-fertilizer-pesticide application schemes are generated based on the corresponding mixing ratios for each application unit.

[0032] Preferably, step S2, which involves assessing the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape in the drip irrigation application area under the tobacco film, includes: Calculate the pressure in the drip irrigation pipeline in the area where tobacco is cured under the film, and use the pressure in the drip irrigation pipeline to identify areas of uneven pressure; calculate the uniformity of water output from the dripper based on the areas of uneven pressure. In one embodiment, information on the layout of drip irrigation pipelines within the application area of ​​drip irrigation under film for flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas is acquired, including the connection relationships of main pipes, branch pipes, and drip irrigation tapes. Pressure detection devices are installed at each pipeline node and dripper inlet location to collect pipeline pressure data in real time during drip irrigation operation. Based on the pressure data collected at different locations, a pressure distribution relationship of the drip irrigation pipeline is constructed, the pressure change trend along the pipeline is analyzed, and the pressure difference between adjacent pipe sections is calculated. When the pressure change in a local area exceeds a preset range, the corresponding area is identified as an abnormal pressure unevenness area. The working pressure of each dripper within the abnormal pressure unevenness area is acquired, and the water output variation of drippers at different locations is analyzed based on the correspondence between dripper inlet pressure and dripper output. The difference between the actual water output and the average water output of each dripper is calculated to obtain dripper output uniformity data.

[0033] In another embodiment, assuming a drip irrigation area under film for flue-cured tobacco in a mountainous region includes 12 drip irrigation branches and 360 drippers, a total of 720 sets of pipeline pressure data were collected during the drip irrigation operation. The main pipe pressure ranged from 0.18 to 0.25 MPa, and the branch pipe end pressure ranged from 0.12 to 0.19 MPa. Analysis of the pressure distribution data identified five areas of uneven pressure distribution, located at the top of the slope (2 areas), the middle of the slope (2 areas), and the foot of the slope (1 area). Water output from 150 drippers within these abnormal areas was measured, yielding a flow rate range of 1.6 to 2.8 L / h. The average water output per dripper was calculated to be 2.25 L / h. Eighteen drippers exhibited a flow rate deviation exceeding 10%, thus providing data on dripper water output uniformity.

[0034] Assess the dripper supply blockage rate in areas with uneven pressure; analyze water and fertilizer delivery losses based on the dripper supply blockage rate to obtain water and fertilizer delivery loss data; assess the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape based on the water and fertilizer delivery loss data and the uniformity of dripper water output.

[0035] In one embodiment, the actual flow rate of each dripper within the abnormal pressure unevenness area is obtained. Based on the standard flow rate range of the drippers under normal liquid supply conditions, drippers with abnormally low flow rates are identified to determine the locations of suspected clogged drippers. The dripper supply blockage rate is calculated based on the ratio between the number of suspected clogged drippers and the total number of drippers in the abnormal area. The actual liquid supply variation of the drip irrigation tape is analyzed based on the dripper supply blockage rate to calculate the water and fertilizer transport loss caused by blockage. Combined with dripper flow uniformity data, the overall transport stability of the drip irrigation tape is analyzed. The transport capacity of the drip irrigation tape is assessed based on the degree of water and fertilizer transport loss and the consistency of dripper flow.

[0036] In another embodiment, assuming 5 areas with uneven pressure contain a total of 150 drippers, 12 drippers were found to have abnormally low flow rates. The actual flow rate of each abnormal dripper was 20%–45% lower than the standard flow rate range. Based on the number of abnormal drippers, the average liquid supply blockage rate was calculated to be 8%. Analyzing the water and fertilizer delivery in the abnormal areas, the designed delivery rate under normal conditions is 420 L / h, while the actual measured delivery rate is 386 L / h. The calculated water and fertilizer delivery loss is 34 L / h, and the water and fertilizer delivery deviation rate is 8.1%. Combining the aforementioned dripper water uniformity data, the water uniformity in the normal area is 94.6%, while the lowest in the abnormal area is 86.3%. A comprehensive analysis yields the delivery capacity level of this drip irrigation tape.

[0037] Preferably, the calculation of dripper water uniformity based on abnormal pressure distribution areas includes: The working pressure of the dripper at the corresponding location is obtained from the abnormal pressure uneven area to obtain dripper pressure distribution data; the pressure difference between different drippers is analyzed based on the dripper pressure distribution data to obtain pressure deviation data; In one embodiment, after detecting an area of ​​uneven pressure, the pipeline pressure data corresponding to each dripper within that area is acquired. The dripper inlet pressure is collected through pressure detection points located at the drip irrigation branch pipes and dripper connections, and a dripper pressure distribution sequence is established according to the drip irrigation tape laying direction. The pressure difference between adjacent drippers is calculated to obtain the pressure change between each dripper. Simultaneously, based on the deviation between the pressure change and the regional average pressure, areas of increased pressure, decreased pressure, and pressure fluctuation are identified, forming dripper pressure deviation data. Locations with larger pressure deviations correspond to areas of varying water flow resistance within the drip irrigation tape.

[0038] In another embodiment, assuming a region with uneven pressure contains 20 drippers, the working pressure data of each dripper obtained through pressure detection are 0.18 MPa, 0.19 MPa, 0.21 MPa, 0.20 MPa, 0.16 MPa, 0.15 MPa, 0.22 MPa, and 0.21 MPa, respectively. The calculated average working pressure of the region is 0.19 MPa, with the pressure of the 5th and 6th drippers being 0.03 MPa and 0.04 MPa lower, respectively, and the pressure of the 7th dripper being 0.03 MPa higher. The locations of drippers with pressure deviations exceeding 0.03 MPa are marked as pressure anomaly points, and a total of 3 anomaly locations are identified, generating corresponding dripper pressure distribution data and pressure deviation data.

[0039] The change in water output from each dripper is calculated based on the pressure deviation data to obtain dripper flow distribution data; the consistency of water output from each dripper is analyzed based on the dripper flow distribution data to obtain dripper flow uniformity data.

[0040] In one embodiment, a correlation between pressure changes and dripper flow rate is established based on dripper pressure deviation data. The actual flow rate of the drippers under different pressure conditions is obtained, and dripper flow rate distribution data is generated according to the spatial arrangement of the drippers. The flow rate changes between adjacent drippers are analyzed, and the deviation between the actual flow rate of each dripper and the regional average flow rate is calculated. Based on the flow rate deviation range, drippers with excessively high flow rates, drippers with excessively low flow rates, and normal flow rates are identified. The consistency of dripper flow rate within the region is statistically analyzed to obtain dripper flow rate uniformity data.

[0041] In another embodiment, assuming 30 drippers are installed in an abnormal area, the flow rate of each dripper is calculated to be distributed within the range of 1.2 L / h to 2.5 L / h based on pressure deviation data, with the average flow rate of normal drippers being 2.0 L / h. Testing revealed that the flow rates of the 8th, 9th, and 10th drippers were 1.3 L / h, 1.4 L / h, and 1.5 L / h, respectively, while the flow rates of the 20th and 21st drippers were 2.4 L / h and 2.5 L / h, respectively. The calculated average flow rate for the area was 1.95 L / h, with 5 low-flow drippers, 3 high-flow drippers, and the remaining 22 drippers having flow rates close to the average. Based on the flow rate distribution of each dripper, the consistency of dripper flow in the area was determined, and dripper flow uniformity data was generated.

[0042] Preferably, assessing the dripper supply blockage rate in areas of abnormal pressure unevenness includes: Obtain the corresponding dripper flow rate based on the abnormal pressure unevenness area; calculate the dripper flow rate deviation between different drippers based on the dripper flow rate; identify the location of abnormally low flow drippers based on the dripper flow rate deviation to obtain the data of blocked drippers; In one embodiment, after identifying an area with uneven pressure, the actual flow rate data of each dripper within that area is acquired. A flow detection device positioned at the end of the drip tape or at the dripper outlet collects the dripper flow rate per unit time, and a dripper flow rate distribution sequence is established according to the spatial arrangement of the drippers. Based on the difference between the flow rate of each dripper and the average flow rate of the area, flow deviation data between different drippers is calculated. Abnormal dripper locations below the normal supply level are identified based on the flow deviation range. Continuously distributed low-flow drippers are regionally correlated to determine if local blockage exists, thus forming blocked dripper data.

[0043] In another embodiment, assuming a region with uneven pressure contains 40 drippers, the water output per unit time of each dripper is obtained through flow detection. Most drippers have an output range of 1.8 L / h to 2.2 L / h, with an average output of 2.0 L / h for the region. The calculated outputs for the 6th, 7th, and 8th drippers are 0.9 L / h, 1.0 L / h, and 1.1 L / h, respectively, while the outputs for the 25th and 26th drippers are 1.2 L / h and 1.3 L / h, respectively, showing a significant decrease compared to the average output. Based on the dripper flow deviation, five abnormally low-flow dripper locations are identified, and their corresponding dripper numbers, spatial locations, and actual water flow rates are recorded to generate clogged dripper data.

[0044] Obtain the total number of drippers in the area; calculate the dripper supply blockage rate based on the total number of drippers in the area and the data on blocked drippers.

[0045] In one embodiment, the total number of drippers within the coverage area of ​​the drip irrigation tape corresponding to the area of ​​uneven pressure is obtained, and the number of drippers with abnormally low flow rates in the data of blocked drippers is counted. Based on the ratio between the number of blocked drippers and the total number of drippers in the area, the dripper supply blockage rate is calculated; at the same time, combined with the spatial distribution of blocked drippers, it is determined whether the blockage phenomenon is a single-point blockage, a local continuous blockage, or a regional blockage, so as to characterize the degree of obstruction of water and fertilizer delivery inside the drip irrigation tape.

[0046] In another embodiment, assuming a total of 60 drippers are deployed in an application unit, flow deviation analysis identifies 8 drippers with abnormally low flow rates. Drippers 12-15 are consecutively distributed within the same drip tape section, while drippers 35, 36, 50, and 51 are located in different positions. Based on the number of 8 clogged drippers and the total number of drippers in the area (60), the dripper supply blockage rate is calculated to be 13.3%. Combining this with the spatial distribution of the clogged drippers, a localized blockage area is identified within the application unit, and the dripper supply blockage rate is used as the basis for subsequent water and fertilizer delivery loss analysis and drip tape delivery capacity assessment.

[0047] Preferably, the water and fertilizer delivery loss is analyzed based on the dripper supply blockage rate, and the resulting water and fertilizer delivery loss data includes: The actual water output of the dripper is calculated based on the dripper's liquid supply blockage rate; the liquid supply loss is calculated based on the actual water output of the dripper; and the actual water and fertilizer delivery deviation is calculated based on the liquid supply loss to obtain water and fertilizer delivery deviation data. In one embodiment, the degree of obstruction in the dripper supply within the corresponding application unit is obtained based on the dripper supply blockage rate, and the actual water output of the dripper is calculated in conjunction with the set supply flow rate of the drip irrigation system. Specifically, based on the relationship between the rated water output of the dripper under normal conditions and the degree of blockage, the actual water output of each dripper is corrected to obtain dripper water output variation data; the actual water output of the dripper is compared with the preset supply flow rate to calculate the reduction in supply caused by dripper blockage, thus obtaining the supply loss. Based on the supply loss, the deviation between the actual delivery volume and the target delivery volume of the fertigation mixture is analyzed to determine the actual fertigation delivery deviation, forming fertigation delivery deviation data.

[0048] In another embodiment, assuming a certain application unit has 50 drippers, with a designed flow rate of 2.0 L / h per dripper, and based on dripper blockage rate detection, 8 drippers are found to have blocked flow, with 3 drippers having a blockage rate of 40% and 5 drippers having a blockage rate of 25%. The actual output of the affected drippers is calculated to decrease to 1.2 L / h and 1.5 L / h respectively, and the total actual flow rate of the area decreases from 100 L / h to 94.5 L / h, resulting in a flow loss of 5.5 L / h. Combined with the water-fertilizer-pesticide mixture delivery ratio, the actual amount of water and fertilizer delivered into the application unit is calculated to be lower than the target delivery amount, forming corresponding water-fertilizer delivery deviation data.

[0049] The characteristics of fertilizer solution concentration change are calculated based on the water and fertilizer transport deviation data to obtain fertilizer solution concentration loss data; the nutrient loss is calculated based on the fertilizer solution concentration loss data; and the nutrient loss is used as the water and fertilizer transport loss data.

[0050] In one embodiment, the actual input volume of the water-fertilizer mixture at different dripper positions is obtained based on water-fertilizer delivery deviation data, and the changes in fertilizer concentration during delivery are analyzed. By comparing the difference between the target fertilizer concentration under normal delivery conditions and the actual fertilizer concentration under abnormal delivery conditions, the characteristics of fertilizer concentration change are determined, and fertilizer concentration loss data is obtained. Based on the fertilizer concentration loss data, the reduction in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium caused by the supply deviation is analyzed, the actual nutrient supply loss of each application unit is calculated, and the nutrient loss is used as water-fertilizer delivery loss data.

[0051] In another embodiment, assuming an application unit plans to deliver 500L of a fertigation solution with a target fertilizer concentration of 3%, a fertigation deviation analysis reveals that the actual delivery volume is reduced by 30L. Calculations show that the actual fertilizer concentration in the abnormal area decreased to 2.6%, resulting in a concentration loss of 0.4%. Based on the fertilizer concentration loss data, the calculated losses are 0.18kg of nitrogen, 0.06kg of phosphorus, and 0.12kg of potassium, for a total nutrient loss of 0.36kg. This nutrient loss is used as the fertigation loss data.

[0052] Preferably, in step S3, generating drip irrigation control parameters using the drip irrigation tape's delivery capacity and the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme includes: The liquid supply capacity of each application unit is analyzed based on the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape to obtain liquid supply capacity data; the liquid supply demand of the corresponding application unit is extracted based on the water, fertilizer and pesticide application scheme. In one embodiment, the pipe diameter, laying length, pipeline pressure, and historical liquid supply status data of the drip irrigation tape corresponding to each application unit are obtained. Based on the pressure maintenance capability and end-of-pipe water stability during the drip irrigation tape's delivery process, the liquid supply capacity of each application unit is analyzed. Specifically, the pipeline pressure loss is calculated based on the relationship between the drip irrigation tape inlet pressure and end-of-pipe pressure. Combined with the number of drippers and the rated water output capacity of a single dripper, the maximum liquid supply that the drip irrigation tape can stably deliver per unit time is determined as the liquid supply capacity data of the application unit. Based on the previously generated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme, the irrigation demand, fertilizer solution demand, and pesticide solution demand corresponding to different application units are extracted, and these demands are converted into corresponding mixed liquid supply demands to form the liquid supply demand data for each application unit.

[0053] In another embodiment, assuming a drip irrigation area under a film for flue-cured tobacco in a mountainous region is divided into 5 application units, each with drip irrigation tape lengths of 120m, 150m, 100m, 180m, and 130m, respectively, the inlet pressures of each application unit were collected as 0.18MPa, 0.20MPa, 0.16MPa, 0.22MPa, and 0.19MPa, and the end pressures were collected as 0.15MPa, 0.16MPa, 0.14MPa, 0.17MPa, and 0.15MPa, respectively. Based on the pressure loss and the number of drippers, the liquid supply capacity of each application unit was calculated to be 2.4L / min, 3.1L / min, 2.0L / min, 3.5L / min, and 2.6L / min, respectively. Based on the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme, the corresponding liquid supply requirements for each application unit were extracted to be 2.0L / min, 2.8L / min, 2.2L / min, 3.0L / min, and 2.5L / min, respectively.

[0054] The drip irrigation flow rate is determined based on the liquid supply capacity and the liquid supply demand, thus obtaining flow control data; the drip irrigation duration and liquid supply sequence are determined based on the flow control data, thus obtaining drip irrigation time control data; and drip irrigation control parameters are generated based on the flow control data and drip irrigation time control data.

[0055] In one embodiment, a matching analysis is performed based on the liquid supply capacity data and liquid supply demand data of each application unit. When the liquid supply demand is less than the liquid supply capacity, the liquid supply demand is used as the target drip irrigation flow rate. When the liquid supply demand is close to or exceeds the liquid supply capacity, the target flow rate is limited according to the liquid supply capacity to avoid uneven water output caused by pressure fluctuations within the drip irrigation tape. The continuous liquid supply time of each unit is calculated based on the target liquid supply flow rate and the total amount of water, fertilizer, and pesticides required by each application unit. The drip irrigation execution sequence is determined by combining the pressure influence relationship between different application units, the terrain elevation difference relationship, and the liquid supply stability. Drip irrigation control parameters are generated based on the determined liquid supply flow rate, liquid supply time, and execution sequence to control the drip irrigation system to deliver water, fertilizer, and pesticides to the corresponding application units.

[0056] In another embodiment, assuming the liquid supply capacity of the five application units is 2.4 L / min, 3.1 L / min, 2.0 L / min, 3.5 L / min, and 2.6 L / min, respectively, the corresponding water, fertilizer, and pesticide requirements are 120 L, 180 L, 100 L, 210 L, and 150 L, respectively. Based on the matching result between capacity and demand, the actual control flow rate of each unit is determined to be 2.0 L / min, 2.8 L / min, 2.0 L / min, 3.0 L / min, and 2.5 L / min. The corresponding continuous liquid supply times are calculated to be 60 min, 64 min, 50 min, 70 min, and 60 min, respectively. Considering the change in liquid supply pressure from high to low on the mountain slope, it is determined that the third application unit with a higher elevation will be executed first, followed by the first, fifth, second, and fourth application units. Drip irrigation control parameters containing application unit numbers, control flow rates, durations, and execution order are generated to achieve precise delivery of water, fertilizer, and pesticides to different application areas.

[0057] Preferably, the drip irrigation duration and liquid supply sequence are determined based on the flow control data, and the resulting drip irrigation time control data includes: The liquid supply rate data of each application unit is obtained based on the flow control data; the required liquid supply time of each application unit is calculated based on the liquid supply rate data to obtain the drip irrigation duration data. In one embodiment, based on the previously generated flow control data, the target liquid supply flow rate, actual liquid supply status, and flow change information during the drip irrigation tape delivery process are obtained for each application unit. The target liquid supply flow rate is matched with the real-time monitored flow rate to obtain the liquid supply rate data for each application unit. Based on the total required amount of mixed liquid in the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application plan for each application unit, the required amount for each application unit is correlated with the corresponding liquid supply rate to determine the continuous liquid supply time required to complete the delivery of water, fertilizer, and pesticides for that application unit, thus forming drip irrigation duration data. For application units with higher slopes and greater pipeline resistance, the duration is adjusted to compensate for the actual liquid supply rate to avoid insufficient application due to changes in delivery speed.

[0058] In another embodiment, assuming a drip irrigation area under film for flue-cured tobacco in a mountainous region is divided into four application units, the liquid supply rates for each application unit are obtained from flow control data as 2.0 L / min, 2.5 L / min, 1.8 L / min, and 3.0 L / min, respectively. Based on the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application plan, the required volume of mixed liquid to be delivered to each application unit is determined to be 120 L, 150 L, 90 L, and 180 L, respectively. The corresponding drip irrigation durations are calculated based on the liquid supply rate and the required volume as 60 min, 60 min, 50 min, and 60 min, respectively. The third application unit, due to its lower liquid supply rate, requires an extended liquid supply time to meet the target application volume requirement, thus forming the drip irrigation duration data for each application unit.

[0059] Based on the drip irrigation duration data and the preset spatial distribution relationship of application units, the order of water, fertilizer and pesticide delivery is determined to obtain the liquid supply sequence data; drip irrigation time control data is generated based on the drip irrigation duration data and the liquid supply sequence data.

[0060] In one embodiment, the sap supply sequence is analyzed based on the drip irrigation duration data of each application unit and the spatial distribution of the application units in the mountainous tobacco field. The elevational position relationships, adjacent distribution relationships, and drip irrigation pipeline connection relationships between each application unit are obtained, and the water, fertilizer, and pesticide delivery paths are determined based on the pressure transmission patterns during the sap supply process. For application units located on higher slopes, sap supply is prioritized to reduce pressure fluctuations caused by elevation differences during subsequent sap supply; for application units far from the main pipeline or located at the end of the pipeline, the sap supply time is scheduled based on the pipeline pressure recovery. The start-up sequence of each application unit is determined based on the analysis results, and drip irrigation time control data, including the application unit number, start time, duration, and end time, is generated in conjunction with the corresponding drip irrigation duration.

[0061] In another embodiment, assuming a mountainous tobacco field contains 5 application units, the spatial distribution of these units is as follows: Unit 1 is located at the top of the slope, Unit 2 in the middle of the slope, Unit 3 at the foot of the slope, Unit 4 near the main pipeline entrance, and Unit 5 at the far end. Based on calculations from the previous step, the drip irrigation durations for each application unit are 50 min, 60 min, 70 min, 40 min, and 60 min, respectively. Based on the spatial relationships and pipeline connection status, the liquid supply sequence is determined to be: Unit 1, Unit 4, Unit 2, Unit 5, and Unit 3. Drip irrigation time control data is generated according to this sequence, where Unit 1 supplies liquid from 0 to 50 min, Unit 4 from 50 to 90 min, Unit 2 from 90 to 150 min, Unit 5 from 150 to 210 min, and Unit 3 from 210 to 280 min, forming a complete water, fertilizer, and pesticide drip irrigation control sequence.

[0062] Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the application are intended to be included within the invention.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

Claims

1. A method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco fields, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step S1: Divide the application area for drip irrigation under the film of flue-cured tobacco in the mountainous area, and divide the application units according to the slope and elevation; collect the water requirement, nutrient supply and pest occurrence status of any application unit; Step S2: Conduct a joint analysis of water demand, nutrient supply, and pest and disease occurrence to obtain the corresponding water, fertilizer, and pesticide application plan; evaluate the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape in the drip irrigation application area under the film of flue-cured tobacco. Step S3: Generate drip irrigation control parameters using the drip irrigation tape's delivery capacity and the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme; use the drip irrigation control parameters to control the intelligent flow rate pump to deliver the water, fertilizer, and pesticide mixture, while simultaneously recording drip irrigation information, including pressure, flow rate, and delivery duration within the drip irrigation pipeline; Step S4: Analyze the location of the anomaly and its corresponding impact range based on the feedback drip irrigation information, and adjust the drip irrigation control parameters accordingly.

2. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 involves dividing the application area for drip irrigation under the film of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas, and further dividing the application units according to slope and elevation, including: The application areas for drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco fields were delineated, and the surface elevation distribution information was extracted within these areas. The slope undulation characteristics of the mountainous tobacco fields were then identified based on the surface elevation distribution information. The terrain relationship was analyzed based on the slope undulation characteristics of the mountain tobacco fields; the drip irrigation application area under the film of the mountain flue-cured tobacco was divided into application units according to the terrain relationship.

3. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under mulch film in mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S2 involves a joint analysis of water demand, nutrient supply, and pest and disease occurrence to obtain corresponding water, fertilizer, and pesticide application plans, including: Analyze irrigation demand data of the application unit based on water demand status; analyze nutrient deficiency rate of the application unit based on nutrient supply status; identify lesion outline morphology based on pest and disease occurrence status to obtain pest and disease characteristic data; By correlating and matching irrigation demand data, nutrient deficiency rate, and pest and disease characteristic data, the water-fertilizer-pesticide mixing ratio is obtained, and the water-fertilizer-pesticide application plan is generated using the mixing ratio.

4. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under plastic film in mountainous tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2, which assesses the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape in the drip irrigation application area under the tobacco film, includes: Calculate the pressure in the drip irrigation pipeline in the area where tobacco is cured under the film, and use the pressure in the drip irrigation pipeline to identify areas of uneven pressure; calculate the uniformity of water output from the dripper based on the areas of uneven pressure. Assess the dripper supply blockage rate in areas with uneven pressure; analyze water and fertilizer delivery losses based on the dripper supply blockage rate to obtain water and fertilizer delivery loss data; assess the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape based on the water and fertilizer delivery loss data and the uniformity of dripper water output.

5. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under mulch film in mountainous areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation of dripper water uniformity based on areas of pressure unevenness includes: The working pressure of the dripper at the corresponding location is obtained from the abnormal pressure uneven area to obtain dripper pressure distribution data; the pressure difference between different drippers is analyzed based on the dripper pressure distribution data to obtain pressure deviation data; The change in water output from each dripper is calculated based on the pressure deviation data to obtain dripper flow distribution data; the consistency of water output from each dripper is analyzed based on the dripper flow distribution data to obtain dripper flow uniformity data.

6. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides under drip irrigation film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco fields according to claim 4, characterized in that, Assessing dripper blockage rate in areas of uneven pressure includes: Obtain the corresponding dripper flow rate based on the abnormal pressure unevenness area; calculate the dripper flow rate deviation between different drippers based on the dripper flow rate; identify the location of abnormally low flow drippers based on the dripper flow rate deviation to obtain the data of blocked drippers; Obtain the total number of drippers in the area; calculate the dripper supply blockage rate based on the total number of drippers in the area and the data on blocked drippers.

7. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under mulch film in mountainous areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the analysis of the dripper supply blockage rate, the water and fertilizer delivery loss was determined, and the resulting data included: The actual water output of the dripper is calculated based on the dripper's liquid supply blockage rate; the liquid supply loss is calculated based on the actual water output of the dripper; and the actual water and fertilizer delivery deviation is calculated based on the liquid supply loss to obtain water and fertilizer delivery deviation data. The characteristics of fertilizer solution concentration change are calculated based on the water and fertilizer transport deviation data to obtain fertilizer solution concentration loss data; the nutrient loss is calculated based on the fertilizer solution concentration loss data; and the nutrient loss is used as the water and fertilizer transport loss data.

8. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides through drip irrigation under mulch film in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3, which utilizes the drip irrigation tape's delivery capacity and the water, fertilizer, and pesticide application scheme to generate drip irrigation control parameters, includes: The liquid supply capacity of each application unit is analyzed based on the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape to obtain liquid supply capacity data; the liquid supply demand of the corresponding application unit is extracted based on the water, fertilizer and pesticide application scheme. The drip irrigation flow rate is determined based on the liquid supply capacity and the liquid supply demand, thus obtaining flow control data; the drip irrigation duration and liquid supply sequence are determined based on the flow control data, thus obtaining drip irrigation time control data; and drip irrigation control parameters are generated based on the flow control data and drip irrigation time control data.

9. The method for integrated application of water, fertilizer, and pesticides under drip irrigation film in mountainous flue-cured tobacco fields according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drip irrigation duration and supply sequence are determined based on the flow control data, resulting in drip irrigation time control data including: The liquid supply rate data of each application unit is obtained based on the flow control data; the required liquid supply time of each application unit is calculated based on the liquid supply rate data to obtain the drip irrigation duration data. Based on the drip irrigation duration data and the preset spatial distribution relationship of application units, the order of water, fertilizer and pesticide delivery is determined to obtain the liquid supply sequence data; drip irrigation time control data is generated based on the drip irrigation duration data and the liquid supply sequence data.

10. A drip irrigation system for integrated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application under plastic film in mountainous areas for flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that, For implementing the integrated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application method under mulch film for flue-cured tobacco as described in claim 1, the integrated water, fertilizer, and pesticide application system under mulch film for flue-cured tobacco includes: The area division module is used to divide the application area of ​​drip irrigation under film for flue-cured tobacco in mountainous areas and divide the application units according to slope and elevation; it collects the water demand, nutrient supply and pest occurrence status of any application unit; The scheme setting module is used to jointly analyze water demand, nutrient supply and pest occurrence to obtain corresponding water, fertilizer and pesticide application schemes; and to evaluate the delivery capacity of drip irrigation tape in the drip irrigation application area under the film of flue-cured tobacco. The delivery monitoring module is used to generate drip irrigation control parameters based on the delivery capacity of the drip irrigation tape and the water, fertilizer and pesticide application scheme; the drip irrigation control parameters are used to control the intelligent flow rate pump to deliver the water, fertilizer and pesticide mixture, and at the same time record drip irrigation information, including the pressure, flow rate and delivery duration in the drip irrigation pipeline; The control and adjustment module is used to analyze the location of the anomaly and its corresponding impact range based on the feedback drip irrigation information, and to adjust the drip irrigation control parameters accordingly.

Images