Intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plot

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery equipment, in particular to a wheat breeding plot intelligent harvester, which can realize automatic operation of the whole process of wheat harvesting, threshing, cleaning and separating, yield measurement and conveying, has high work efficiency, guarantees the quality of grain harvesting, and realizes automatic control and detection at each stage. The cutting device is arranged to complete wheat supporting and cutting, side blowing holes are arranged at the cutting device, dead angle residual stalks and ear heads are blown to the brushing area, the residual stalks and ear heads are brushed by the brushing brush and fed to the feeding conveyor belt, the cutting device is self-cleaning without residual in the whole process, then the crops are conveyed to the threshing device by the feeding device for threshing and cleaned by the cleaning device to separate the grains from impurities, then the grains are conveyed to the grain collecting assembly by the grain conveying belt, the grains are conveyed without residual by the pneumatic conveying device, and subsequent bagging operation is completed, and the weight, moisture content and bulk density of the grains are detected by the yield measurement device before output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, specifically to an intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat breeding plot trials, as a core component of new wheat variety selection, regional variety comparison, resistance identification, and yield assessment, are characterized by their small plot size, large number of participating varieties, extremely dense planting, and extremely high requirements for variety independence. To ensure the scientific validity and authenticity of breeding trial data, the harvesting process must strictly meet stringent conditions, including independent harvesting in single plots, complete elimination of inter-varietal mixing, low grain damage rate, high threshing cleanliness, and low impurity content. Furthermore, it must possess the capability for accurate yield measurement and full data traceability.

[0003] Existing methods for harvesting breeding plots primarily rely on four approaches: manual harvesting, small hand-held harvesters, field harvesters, and modifications of conventional harvesters. These methods all have significant limitations in practical application and fail to meet the high standards required for modern breeding. Specifically, manual harvesting is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also prone to grain loss and significant human error, making it only suitable for very small-scale experiments. While small hand-held harvesters can perform basic harvesting, they lack a desiccation mechanism, have non-adjustable operating parameters, and lack intelligent yield measurement functions, leading to poor grain residue and varietal mixing, resulting in ineffective cleaning and failing to meet the needs of high-precision breeding experiments. Field harvesters, lacking dedicated desiccation mechanisms, are prone to varietal mixing between plots during continuous operation, severely impacting the quality of breeding experiments. Modified conventional harvesters generally suffer from bulky construction and large turning radii, easily crushing adjacent experimental plots and damaging samples during field operations; they also exhibit poor adaptability to different wheat varieties and humidity levels, resulting in generally high grain breakage and impurity rates. In addition, existing equipment generally adopts an auger conveyor structure, which is prone to seed retention, residue and jamming; insufficient threshing area leads to incomplete threshing, poor adaptability of the cleaning structure, and easy entrainment loss. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots to solve the existing technical problems mentioned in the background.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A smart harvester for wheat breeding plots is provided, comprising a frame, a cutting device, a cleaning device, a feeding device, a threshing device, a cleaning device, a pneumatic conveying device, and a yield measuring device; the frame is equipped with ground wheels at its bottom end, which are driven to rotate by a power source; the cutting device is located at the front end of the frame for cutting wheat plants; the cleaning device is located on the frame and at the cutting device for blowing away residual wheat plants and cleaning the cutting device; the feeding device is located at the end of the cutting device for conveying the cut wheat plants to the threshing device; the threshing device is located at the end of the feeding device for threshing wheat to obtain grains; the cleaning device is located at the end of the threshing device for screening grains and separating impurities; the pneumatic conveying device is located at the end of the cleaning device for conveying the separated clean grains; the yield measuring device is located on the pneumatic conveying device and performs grain weighing, moisture content detection, and bulk density detection before grain output.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, the cutting device includes a header frame, a rice lifter, a reel, a fixed cutter blade, a moving cutter blade, and a cutter drive mechanism. The header frame is located at the front end of the machine frame, the rice lifters are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the header frame, the reel is symmetrically arranged above the header frame and driven to rotate by the reel shaft, the reel has multiple spring tooth mounting shafts arranged circumferentially, and the spring tooth mounting shafts have multiple rice lifting spring teeth arranged axially; the fixed cutter blade is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the header frame, and the moving cutter blade is arranged correspondingly to the fixed cutter blade and driven to reciprocate linearly by the cutter drive mechanism.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the cleaning device includes a side air hole, a cutting table air duct, and a cleaning brush. The side air holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cutting table frame. One end of the cutting table air duct is connected to the cutting table fan, and the other end is connected to the side air hole. The cleaning brush is mounted on the spring tooth mounting shaft through a brush mounting plate.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the feeding device includes a feeding conveyor belt, a feeding auger, and a feeding drum. The feeding conveyor belt is rotatably connected to the frame and one end is located below the reel, while the other end is located below the feeding drum. The feeding auger is rotatably connected to the frame and has auger blades spirally arranged on its outer wall. The feeding drum is rotatably connected to the frame and is located at the end of the feeding auger. A feeding plate is provided on the outer wall of the feeding drum, and feeding teeth are provided on the feeding plate.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, telescopic teeth are provided on the outer wall of the feeding auger and located between the feeding augers. The extension length of the telescopic teeth is adjusted by a tooth adjustment mechanism. The tooth adjustment mechanism includes a rotating lever, a rotating shaft, an auger connecting rod, a mounting rod, and a fixing sleeve. The rotating lever is mounted on the frame and drives the rotating shaft to rotate. The other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the auger connecting rod. The other end of the auger connecting rod is fixedly connected to the mounting rod. Multiple telescopic teeth are fixedly provided on the mounting rod. The fixing sleeve is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the feeding auger. The telescopic teeth slide within the openings of the fixing sleeve.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the threshing device includes a threshing drum, a concave threshing screen, a grain conveyor belt, and a stalk-separating wheel. The threshing drum is rotatably connected to the frame. Multiple threshing bases are arranged circumferentially on the threshing drum, and multiple threshing grooves are arranged on the threshing bases. The concave threshing screen is arc-shaped and sleeved below the threshing drum. Multiple spaced-apart screen strips are arranged on the concave threshing screen. The grain conveyor belt is located at the bottom end of the concave threshing screen and is used for grain conveying. The stalk-separating wheel is equipped with multiple stalk-separating blades and is located above the end of the threshing drum for stalk throwing and grain separation.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, the cleaning device includes a first cleaning screen, a second cleaning screen, a baffle curtain, a cleaning fan, and a grain collecting assembly. The first cleaning screen is inclinedly disposed at the end of the threshing device, and the second cleaning screen is inclinedly disposed below the first cleaning screen. Both the first and second cleaning screens are provided with screen plate holes and are driven to vibrate by a screening vibration mechanism. The baffle curtain is fixedly disposed above the first cleaning screen, the cleaning fan is disposed on one side of the second cleaning screen, and the grain collecting assembly includes at least a grain collecting funnel and is correspondingly disposed below the second cleaning screen.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, the screening vibration mechanism includes a screening drive wheel, a drive rod, a main rocker arm, a first drive crossbar, a first front rocker arm, a first rear rocker arm, a first long connecting rod, a second drive connecting rod, a second front rocker arm, a second rear rocker arm, and a second crossbar. The drive cam is driven to rotate by a power source. One end of the drive rod is hinged to one side of the drive wheel, and the other end is hinged to one end of the main rocker arm. One end of the first drive crossbar is connected to the main rocker arm, and the other end is connected to the first long connecting rod through a connecting seat. One end of the long connecting rod is hinged to the first front rocker arm, and the other end is hinged to the first rear rocker arm. A first connecting shaft is provided on the first long connecting rod, and the first connecting shaft is connected to a first slot provided on the side wall of the first cleaning screen. One end of the second driving connecting rod is hinged to the first rear rocker arm, and the other end is hinged to one end of the second front rocker arm. One end of the second horizontal connecting rod is hinged to the second front rocker arm, and the other end is hinged to the second rear rocker arm. A second connecting shaft is provided on the second horizontal connecting rod, and the second connecting shaft is connected to a second slot provided on the side wall of the second cleaning screen.

[0013] Based on the above technical solution, the pneumatic conveying device includes an air duct, a variable diameter grain conveying pipe, a grain conveying pipe, and a grain collecting hopper. The air duct is connected to a grain conveying fan. The grain collecting assembly is installed on the variable diameter grain conveying pipe and connected through an opening on the variable diameter grain conveying pipe. One end of the variable diameter grain conveying pipe is connected to the air duct, and the other end is connected to the grain conveying pipe. The other end of the grain conveying pipe is connected to the grain collecting hopper, and a yield measuring device is installed between them. A grain discharge valve is installed at the bottom of the grain collecting hopper.

[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the production measurement device includes a weighing bin, a bulk density bin, a weighing sensor, a moisture sensor, and a bulk density sensor. The weighing bin is fixedly mounted on the frame via a production measurement box. The bulk density bin is inverted conical in shape and has a weighing bin valve at its bottom opening. The bulk density bin is correspondingly located at the bottom of the weighing bin, and a bulk density bin valve is located at the bottom of the bulk density bin. The weighing sensors are symmetrically arranged between the outer wall of the weighing bin and the production measurement box. The moisture sensor and the bulk density sensor are both located inside the bulk density bin.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention are as follows: This application provides an intelligent wheat harvester for breeding plots, which can automate the entire process of wheat harvesting, threshing, cleaning and separation, yield measurement, and conveying. It boasts high efficiency, ensures grain harvest quality, and achieves automatic control and detection at each stage. Specifically, it incorporates a cleaning device, including high-pressure side-blowing holes and cleaning brushes at the header, and a conveyor belt brush combination mechanism on the feeding conveyor belt. This effectively cleans residues from multiple structures, including the cutting and feeding devices, achieving thorough, dead-angle-free cleaning and completely resolving the problem of mixed varieties. Flexible threshing teeth on the threshing cylinder, combined with adjustable threshing speed and threshing concave screen gap, enable low-damage threshing of the crop. Furthermore, it features dual flexible and stable conveying via the feeding conveyor belt and grain conveyor, as well as adjustable cleaning frequency and cleaning fan airflow, achieving low-damage, high-cleanliness, and low-impurity harvesting under various working conditions. By employing a pneumatic conveying system, especially with an internal Venturi-type variable-diameter grain conveying channel, grains can be conveyed with zero residue, no impact, and minimal damage throughout the entire process. Accurate detection of yield, moisture, and bulk density is achieved through weight sensors, moisture sensors, and bulk density sensors. Simultaneously, in conjunction with a data system, real-time data acquisition and transmission from multiple modules can be realized, facilitating control and traceability of each module. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting device, cleaning device, and feeding device in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting device, cleaning device, and feeding device from another angle in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the threshing device and cleaning device in this invention; Figure 5 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the threshing device and the cleaning device in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the threshing device and cleaning device from another angle in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the threshing drum in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the threshing drum in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic conveying device in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the variable diameter grain conveying pipeline in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the grain conveying device in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the production measurement device in this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the production measurement device in this invention from another angle; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the impurity removal device in this invention; Detailed Implementation The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown, a smart harvester for wheat breeding plots includes a frame 1, a cutting device 2, a cleaning device 3, a feeding device 4, a threshing device 5, a cleaning device 6, a pneumatic conveying device 7, and a yield measuring device 8. The frame 1 has a ground wheel 100 at its bottom, driven by a power source. The cutting device 2 is located at the front end of the frame 1 and is used for cutting wheat plants. The cleaning device 3 is located on the frame 1 and at the cutting device 2, used for blowing away residual wheat plants and cleaning the cutting device. The feeding device 4 is located at the end of the cutting device 2 and is used to convey the cut wheat plants to the threshing device 5. The threshing device 5 is located at the end of the feeding device 4 and is used for threshing wheat to obtain grains. The cleaning device 6 is located at the end of the threshing device 5 and is used for screening grains and separating impurities. The pneumatic conveying device 7 is located at the end of the cleaning device 6 and is used for conveying the separated clean grains. The yield measuring device 8 is located on the pneumatic conveying device 7 and performs grain weighing, moisture content detection, and bulk density detection before grain output.

[0019] This application provides an intelligent wheat harvester for breeding plots, which can automate the entire process of wheat harvesting, threshing, cleaning and separation, yield measurement, and conveying. It boasts high efficiency, ensures grain harvest quality, and achieves automatic control and detection at each stage. A cutting device 2 is installed to lift and cut the wheat stalks. Side-blowing holes at the cutting device 2 blow residual stalks and ears of wheat from dead corners to a brush cleaning area, where the brushes sweep them onto the feeding conveyor belt, achieving a residue-free, self-cleaning operation throughout the cutting process. The crop is then conveyed by the feeding device 4 to the threshing device 5 for threshing and cleaning by the cleaning device 6, separating grains from impurities. The grains are then conveyed by the grain conveyor belt to the grain collection component (grain collection funnel), and finally conveyed out without residue by a pneumatic conveying device 7, completing subsequent collection or bagging operations. Before grain output, a yield measurement device weighs, measures the moisture content, and detects the bulk density of the grains.

[0020] It is also understood that the bottom of the frame 1 in this application is equipped with a hydraulic walking chassis, which provides a power source for the entire machine. Other devices and components that require rotational drive can be driven by the power source through one or more transmission mechanisms. This application also includes a cockpit 101 providing a protected operating space, and a GNSS high-precision navigation differential antenna 102 working in conjunction with a data acquisition device 103 to achieve data positioning, acquisition, and storage. The use of a steel-reinforced frame and a hydraulic wheeled walking mechanism, along with optimized component connections and reinforcement design, improves the overall stability of the machine; the rationally laid-out enclosed cockpit improves the working environment.

[0021] The data acquisition device 103 is configured as a data acquisition depth camera, which is installed in the cockpit 101 and can be adjusted in position and angle as needed. It is electrically connected to the control system and is used for acquiring work images and monitoring status.

[0022] Based on the above technical solution, the cutting device 2 includes a header frame 21, a rice lifter 22, a reel 23, a fixed cutter 24, a moving cutter 25, and a cutter drive mechanism. The header frame 21 is located at the head end of the frame 1. The rice lifter 22 is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the header frame 21. The reel 23 is symmetrically arranged above the header frame 21 and is driven to rotate by the reel shaft 27. The reel 23 has multiple tooth mounting shafts 28 arranged circumferentially, and multiple reeling teeth 29 are arranged axially on the tooth mounting shafts 28. The fixed cutter 24 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the header frame 21. The moving cutter 25 is correspondingly arranged with the fixed cutter 24 and is driven to reciprocate linearly by the cutter drive mechanism.

[0023] Preferably, the cutter drive mechanism includes a cutter drive shaft, a cutter swing ring 262, a cutter swing fork 263, a cutter swing arm 264, a swing arm bearing seat 265, and a cutter rocker arm 266. The cutter drive shaft is driven to rotate by a power source through a transmission mechanism. An obliquely placed eccentric journal is provided at the end of the cutter drive shaft. The cutter swing ring 262 is sleeved on the cutter drive shaft and rotates synchronously. The cutter swing fork is hinged to the cutter swing ring. One end of the cutter swing arm 264 is fixedly connected to the cutter swing fork 263, and the other end passes through the swing arm bearing seat 265 and is hinged to the cutter rocker arm 266. The cutter rocker arm 266 drives the moving blade mounting frame 267 to reciprocate linearly through a connecting rod. All the cutting blades 25 are mounted on the moving blade mounting frame 267. When the cutter drive mechanism is working, the cutter drive shaft rotates, causing the inclined eccentric journal to produce a conical swing, which in turn drives the cutter swing ring and cutter swing fork to swing back and forth. Through the cutter swing arm and the arm swing bearing seat, the cutter rocker arm moves back and forth, thus converting the rotational motion into the linear reciprocating motion of the cutter moving blade, which works in conjunction with the cutter moving blade to cut the wheat plants.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the transmission mechanism is configured as a belt drive mechanism, a gear drive mechanism, or a chain and sprocket drive mechanism. It is also understood that multiple transmission mechanisms can be provided. Depending on the location relative to the power source, the kinetic energy of the power source needs to be transmitted to the corresponding position that needs to be driven. Therefore, any transmission mechanism that can enable the power source to drive the cutter drive shaft is acceptable.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the reel shaft can also be driven to rotate by a power source via a transmission mechanism.

[0026] It should be further noted that, unless otherwise emphasized in the technical solution of this application, the components that need to be driven to rotate can be driven to rotate by a power source through a transmission mechanism, or corresponding driving components, such as motors, can be provided at the corresponding locations to drive the rotation independently.

[0027] Based on the above technical solution, the cleaning device 3 includes a side air hole, a cutting table air duct 31, and a cleaning brush 32. The side air holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cutting table frame 21. One end of the cutting table air duct 31 is connected to the cutting table blower 33, and the other end is connected to the side air hole. The cleaning brush 32 is mounted on the spring tooth mounting shaft 28 through the brush mounting plate 34.

[0028] When the cutting device 2 and the cleaning device 3 are in operation, the wheat straightener 22 is fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the front end of the header frame 21 to straighten the lodged wheat and guide it to the cutting area; the reel 23 is installed on the upper part of the header frame 21 to push the wheat ears toward the cutter and transport the crop backward; the reel shaft 27 passes through the reel 23 to support the reel 23 and transmit rotational power; the reel teeth 29 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the tooth mounting shaft 28 to flexibly push the wheat and reduce grain loss; the cleaning brush 32 is installed at the root of the reel teeth 29 to clean the residual grains and ears of wheat on the reel 23, and works with the airflow to achieve residue removal. The front end of the header frame 21 is also equipped with blade guards 210 arranged at equal intervals to protect the cutter and divert stalks, ensuring stable and smooth cutting. The fixed cutter 24 is fixed below the blade guards 210 and works with the moving cutter 25 to cut wheat stalks. The moving cutter 25 is driven by the cutter drive mechanism to reciprocate, working with the fixed cutter 24 to complete continuous cutting. The header air duct 31 is arranged along the side of the header frame 21 and connected to the header blower 33. It is used to deliver high-pressure airflow to the side air holes to clean up dead corners. Side air holes are opened on both sides of the header and connected to the header air duct 31 to blow residual stalks and ears in the corners of the header into the brush cleaning area.

[0029] The header frame 21 is the main support structure for the header, used to support all components of the header and ensure overall rigidity. It has header support legs 211 at its bottom for supporting the header when not in operation. A header limit shoe 212 is also provided at the bottom of the header frame 21 to limit the operating height and prevent soil scraping. A header mounting spring 213 is also provided between the header frame 21 and the frame 1 to buffer header vibration and improve operational stability.

[0030] The harvester frame 21 has symmetrically arranged dividing guide tubes 214 on both sides. Preferably, the dividing guide tubes 214 are used to separate crops in adjacent plots to prevent variety mixing.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, an adjustment device is further included, comprising a reed lifting mechanism 215 and a header lifting mechanism. The reed lifting mechanism 215 is disposed between the reed mounting frame 217 and the header frame 21, the reed shaft 27 is disposed on the reed mounting frame 217, and the header lifting mechanism is disposed between the header frame 21 and the machine frame 1. More preferably, both the reed lifting mechanism 215 and the header lifting mechanism are hydraulic cylinders. That is, the reed lifting mechanism 215 is used to adjust the height of the reed 23 to adapt to different wheat plant heights; the header lifting mechanism is used to drive the overall lifting and lowering of the header frame 21 to adapt to different terrains and operating heights.

[0032] Preferably, the reel mounting frame 217 is connected to a reel adjusting rod 218, the other end of which is connected to an eccentric disc 219 for adjusting the working angle and front-to-back position of the reel 23.

[0033] Based on the above technical solution, the feeding device 4 includes a feeding conveyor belt 41, a feeding auger 42, and a feeding drum 43. The feeding conveyor belt 41 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 and one end is located below the reel 23, and the other end is located below the feeding drum 43. The feeding auger 42 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 and has auger blades 421 spirally arranged on its outer wall. The feeding drum 43 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 and is located at the end of the feeding auger 42. A feeding plate 431 is provided on the outer wall of the feeding drum 43, and feeding teeth 432 are provided on the feeding plate 431.

[0034] Preferably, the feed conveyor belt 41 is wound around the driving conveyor roller and the driven conveyor roller, and the driving conveyor roller 411 is driven to rotate by a power source through a transmission mechanism. The feed conveyor belt 41 is also provided with a conveyor belt tensioning mechanism 44 for adjusting the tension of the conveyor belt and preventing slippage and deviation.

[0035] Preferably, a conveyor belt brush is also provided on the upper surface of the feeding conveyor belt 41 to clean residual grains on the surface of the feeding conveyor belt 41, achieving a residue-free self-cleaning process for the cutting table. All conveyor belts involved in this application are equipped with conveyor belt brushes for cleaning residual materials on each conveyor belt, achieving a self-cleaning operation throughout the entire process.

[0036] Based on the above technical solution, the outer wall of the feeding auger 42 is provided with telescopic teeth 422 located between the auger blades 421. The extension length of the telescopic teeth 422 is adjusted by the tooth adjustment mechanism 46. The tooth adjustment mechanism 46 includes a rotating lever 461, a rotating shaft 462, an auger connecting rod 463, a mounting rod 464, and a fixing sleeve 465. The rotating lever 461 is mounted on the frame 1 and drives the rotating shaft 462 to rotate. The other end of the rotating shaft 462 is fixedly connected to one end of the auger connecting rod 463. The other end of the auger connecting rod 463 is fixedly connected to the mounting rod 464. Multiple telescopic teeth 422 are fixedly provided on the mounting rod 464. The fixing sleeve 465 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the feeding auger 42. The telescopic teeth 422 slide within the opening of the fixing sleeve 465.

[0037] When the feeding device 4 is in operation, the feeding conveyor belt 41 is driven to rotate by the conveying drive roller 411 and the conveying driven roller 412 to smoothly transport the cut wheat to the feeding end. The feeding auger 42 and the feeding roller 43 are located at the end of the feeding conveyor belt 41 to gather the crop and feed it evenly and forcibly into the threshing device. The telescopic teeth 422 are arranged radially along the feeding auger 42 to assist in pushing the crop and avoid feeding congestion. More preferably, the extension length of the telescopic teeth 422 is adjusted by the tooth adjustment mechanism 46 to adapt to different feeding requirements. Specifically, rotating the rotating lever 461 drives the rotating shaft 462 to rotate. The rotating shaft 462 and the mounting rod 464 are connected by the auger connecting rod 463. The rotating shaft 462 and the mounting rod 463 are not on the same horizontal axis. The rotation of the mounting rod 464 drives the telescopic teeth 422 to slide within the fixed sleeve 465, that is, to adjust the extension length of the telescopic teeth 422 on the feeding auger 42.

[0038] Based on the above technical solution, the threshing device 5 includes a threshing drum 51, a threshing concave sieve 52, a grain conveyor belt 53, and a stalk-following wheel 54. The threshing drum 51 is rotatably connected to the frame 1. Multiple threshing bases 511 are arranged circumferentially on the threshing drum 51, and multiple threshing grooves 512 are arranged on the threshing bases 511. The threshing concave sieve 52 is arc-shaped and sleeved below the threshing drum 51. Multiple sieve strips 521 are arranged at intervals on the threshing concave sieve 52. The grain conveyor belt 53 is located at the bottom end of the threshing concave sieve 52 for conveying grains. The stalk-following wheel 54 is provided with multiple stalk-following blades 541 and is located above the end of the threshing drum 51 for stalk throwing and grain separation.

[0039] Preferably, the front end of the threshing drum 51, i.e. the feed end, is provided with a pressure conveyor belt 55. The pressure conveyor belt 55 is driven to rotate by a pressure conveyor belt drive roller and a pressure conveyor belt driven roller, which is used to force uniform feeding and prevent backflow.

[0040] Preferably, the threshing groove 512 is inclined; this is more conducive to the threshing operation of the grains during the rotation of the threshing drum 51.

[0041] When the threshing device 5 is in operation, the threshing drum 51 and the threshing base 511 mounted on it rub and separate the grains from the ear during high-speed rotation. A drum cover 510 is also provided above the threshing drum 51 to close the threshing chamber and prevent grains from splashing. The threshing concave sieve 52 is arc-shaped and wraps around the lower part of the threshing drum 51. It works with the threshing drum 51 to separate the separated grains from the sieve bars 521. It is used to screen grains and the gap can be adjusted to adapt to different varieties. The grain conveyor belt 53 is located below the threshing concave sieve 52 and is used to transport the threshed grains to the cleaning device 6. The stalk roller 54 is located at the downstream end of the threshing drum 51 and is used to throw stalks, loosen materials, and assist in separating grains.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the threshing drum 51 is driven to rotate by a drive pulley 513 and a driven pulley 514, and is also provided with a pulley pressure plate 515 for pressing and fixing to prevent the pulley from loosening.

[0043] Based on the above technical solution, the cleaning device 6 includes a first cleaning screen 61, a second cleaning screen 62, a baffle curtain 63, a cleaning fan 64, and a grain collecting assembly. The first cleaning screen 61 is inclinedly arranged at the end of the threshing device 5, and the second cleaning screen 62 is inclinedly arranged below the first cleaning screen 61. Both the first cleaning screen 61 and the second cleaning screen 62 are provided with screen plate holes 60 and are driven to vibrate by a screening vibration mechanism. The baffle curtain 63 is fixedly arranged above the first cleaning screen 61. The cleaning fan 64 is arranged on one side of the second cleaning screen 62. The grain collecting assembly includes at least a grain collecting funnel 651 and is correspondingly arranged below the second cleaning screen 62.

[0044] Preferably, multiple curtains 63 are provided above the first cleaning screen 61.

[0045] When the cleaning device 6 is in operation, the first cleaning screen 61 and the second cleaning screen 62 are arranged in a double-layered inclined configuration to achieve graded vibration for removing impurities from the threshed grains. The separated grains leak out from the sieve holes of each cleaning screen. Simultaneously, a baffle 63 is installed above the first cleaning screen 61 to slow down the material flow rate and improve the cleaning effect. Preferably, multiple baffles 63 are installed for better separation. The cleaning fan 61 is located on one side of the second cleaning screen 62, with its outlet facing the second cleaning screen 62, and further cleaning is achieved through airflow. A grain collection funnel 651 is installed below the second cleaning screen 62 to collect the cleaned grains after impurity removal and send them into the subsequent pneumatic conveying device for the next process.

[0046] Preferably, the air outlet of the cleaning blower 64 is equipped with an air volume regulating plate 641 to adjust the air volume, which is suitable for cleaning different varieties of grains. A guide plate 642 is also provided at the air outlet to guide the airflow generated by the cleaning blower to the cleaning screen, regulate the airflow direction, and improve the cleaning efficiency.

[0047] Based on the above technical solution, the screening vibration mechanism includes a drive wheel 66, a drive rod 67, a main rocker arm 68, a first drive crossbar 69, a first front rocker arm 610, a first rear rocker arm 611, a first long connecting rod 612, a second drive connecting rod 613, a second front rocker arm 614, a second rear rocker arm 615, and a second crossbar 616. The drive wheel 66 is driven to rotate by a power source. One end of the drive rod 67 is hinged to one side of the drive wheel 66, and the other end is hinged to one end of the main rocker arm 68. One end of the first drive crossbar 69 is connected to the main rocker arm 68, and the other end is connected to the first long connecting rod 612 through a connecting seat. One end of the first long connecting rod 612 is hinged to the first front rocker 610, and the other end is hinged to the first rear rocker 611. A first connecting shaft is provided on the first long connecting rod 612, and the first connecting shaft is connected to a first slot provided on the side wall of the first cleaning screen 61. One end of the second driving connecting rod 613 is hinged to the first rear rocker 611, and the other end is hinged to one end of the second front rocker 614. One end of the second horizontal connecting rod 616 is hinged to the second front rocker 614, and the other end is hinged to the second rear rocker 615. A second connecting shaft is provided on the second horizontal connecting rod 616, and the second connecting shaft is connected to a second slot provided on the side wall of the second cleaning screen 62.

[0048] Preferably, multiple first and second connecting shafts are provided, and correspondingly, multiple first and second slots are provided on the first and second cleaning screens to drive the vibration and movement of the first and second cleaning screens during operation. Preferably, a spherical bearing is also provided at the end of the second cross link 616 to reduce damage to the link during the vibration of the cleaning screen and improve its service life.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the first cleaning screen 61 and the second cleaning screen 62 are driven to vibrate by a screening vibration mechanism, and the screening vibration structure is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first and second cleaning screens. Specifically, the drive wheel 66 is driven to rotate directly or indirectly by a power source, which drives the drive rod to reciprocate, thereby driving the main rocker arm to swing. The main rocker arm drives the first long connecting rod to reciprocate through the first drive crossbar. The first long connecting rod drives the first front rocker and the first rear rocker to swing, thereby realizing the reciprocating vibration of the first cleaning screen. At the same time, the second drive connecting rod drives the second front rocker, the second crossbar, and the second rear rocker to reciprocate, thereby realizing the reciprocating vibration of the second cleaning screen.

[0050] Based on the above technical solution, the pneumatic conveying device 7 includes an air duct 71, a variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72, a grain conveying pipe 73, and a grain collecting hopper 74. The air duct 71 is connected to a grain conveying fan 70. The grain collecting hopper 651 is installed on the variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72 and is connected through an opening on the variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72. One end of the variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72 is connected to the air duct 71, and the other end is connected to the grain conveying pipe 73. The other end of the grain conveying pipe 73 is connected to the grain collecting hopper 74, and a yield measuring device 8 is installed between them. A grain discharge valve 75 is installed at the bottom of the grain collecting hopper 74.

[0051] The variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72 includes a contraction section 721, a throat 722, and a diffuser section 723 arranged sequentially from the air duct 71 to the grain conveying pipe 73. The diameter of the throat 722 is smaller than the diameter of the contraction section 721 and the diffuser section 723.

[0052] Preferably, the grain dispensing valve 75 is driven by a cylinder 76 to reciprocate, thereby opening and closing the grain collection hopper.

[0053] When the pneumatic conveying device 7 is in operation, the air duct 71 connects the grain conveying fan 70 to the Venturi-type variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72, which is used to guide the high-pressure airflow generated by the positive pressure fan into the Venturi structure. The Venturi-type variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72 consists of a contraction section 721, a throat 722, and a diffuser section 723, and is connected to the grain conveying pipe 73. It is used to create a local negative pressure by utilizing the Venturi effect to achieve contactless, residue-free, and low-damage grain conveying. That is, at the throat of the Venturi grain conveying pipe, the cross-sectional area decreases and the flow velocity increases. Under the action of the Venturi effect, the static pressure of the airflow decreases, forming a local negative pressure zone. Under the action of negative pressure, the grains above are accelerated and drawn in. The grains are drawn in and carried along the pipeline by a high-speed airflow. Finally, they decelerate and the pressure rises in the diffusion section, transporting the grains to the yield measurement system to await the triggering of the yield measurement process, thus completing the pneumatically assisted grain conveying. The grain conveying pipeline connects the Venturi-type variable diameter grain conveying pipeline to the grain collection hopper to stabilize the grain conveying and avoid leakage and loss. The grain collection hopper 74 is located above one side of the Venturi-type variable diameter grain conveying pipeline 72 and is used to temporarily store the grains to be conveyed to ensure continuous feeding. The grain discharge valve 75 is installed at the bottom of the grain collection hopper 74 to control the on / off of grain conveying. It is driven by the cylinder 76 to provide power for opening and closing the grain discharge valve 75.

[0054] Preferably, the shrinkage section 721 is provided with an airflow regulating plate 724 which is inclined to adjust the airflow rate entering the venturi pipe to adapt to different grain conveying volumes and conveying speed requirements.

[0055] A grain conveying device 77 is also provided between the bottom end of the grain collecting assembly 65 and the variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72. The grain conveying device 77 includes a conveying channel 771, a conveying drive shaft 772, and conveying blades 773. The conveying channel 771 is located at the bottom end of the grain collecting assembly 65. The conveying drive shaft 772 is located inside the conveying channel 771 and is rotatably connected. The conveying blades 773 are spirally fixed on the conveying drive shaft 772.

[0056] By installing a grain conveying device between the grain collecting funnel 651 and the variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72, the grains can be smoothly, evenly, and without blockage to the inlet of the Venturi-type variable diameter grain conveying pipe. The conveying blades 773 in the grain conveying device rotate under the drive of the conveying drive shaft 772, conveying the grains in the conveying channel 771 into the Venturi-type variable diameter grain conveying pipe 72. The setting of the conveying channel can also prevent grains from splashing and remaining during the conveying process.

[0057] Based on the above technical solution, the production measurement device 8 includes a weighing chamber 81, a bulk density chamber 82, a weighing sensor 83, a moisture sensor 84, and a bulk density sensor 85. The weighing chamber 81 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 via the production measurement box 80. The weighing chamber 81 is inverted conical in shape and has a weighing chamber valve 811 at its bottom opening. The bulk density chamber 82 is correspondingly located at the bottom of the weighing chamber 81, and has a bulk density valve 821 at its bottom. The weighing sensor 83 is symmetrically arranged between the outer wall of the weighing chamber 81 and the production measurement box 80. The moisture sensor 84 and the bulk density sensor 85 are both located inside the bulk density chamber 82.

[0058] Preferably, the weighing chamber valve 811 and the bulk density chamber valve 821 are both driven by cylinders to perform linear reciprocating motion, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the weighing chamber 81 and the bulk density chamber 82 respectively.

[0059] Preferably, a bulk density cylinder 822 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the weighing chamber 81, and the bulk density chamber 82 is fixedly installed at the output end of the bulk density cylinder 822 via a bulk density chamber bracket 823, which is used to assist in fixing and adjusting the position of the bulk density chamber 82.

[0060] When the yield measuring device 8 is in operation, the yield measuring box 80 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 to support the yield measuring device 8. The weighing chamber 81 is located inside the upper part of the yield measuring box 80 to temporarily store the grains and achieve accurate weighing. Weighing sensors 83 are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the weighing chamber 81 to support the weighing chamber 81 and to collect the weight of the grains with high precision. The bulk density chamber 82 is located below the weighing chamber 81 and works with the moisture and bulk density sensors inside it to detect the moisture content and bulk density of the grains.

[0061] Above the yield measuring device 8, a cleanup device 11 is also provided. The cleanup device 11 includes a cleanup bin 111, a diversion plate 112, an airfoil curved plate 113, and an auxiliary plate 114. The cleanup bin 111 has an opening at its bottom and is fixedly installed above the yield measuring box 80. The grain conveying pipe 73 is connected to the side wall of the cleanup bin 111. The diversion plate 112 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the cleanup bin 111 and is correspondingly installed to the grain conveying pipe 73. The first end of the airfoil curved plate 113 is fixedly installed at the top of the grain conveying pipe 73, and the last end is fixedly installed at the top of the inner side wall of the cleanup bin 111. An impurity outlet 115 is opened on the side wall of the cleanup bin 111 corresponding to the end of the airfoil curved plate 113. The auxiliary plate 114 is inclinedly installed on the side wall opposite to the grain conveying pipe 73 and is located below the impurity outlet 115.

[0062] By incorporating a purification device, a secondary purification effect can be achieved during the grain conveying process, resulting in cleaner grains for collection. During operation, the purification device utilizes the Coanda effect for impurity separation. The grains are conveyed by a pneumatic conveying device, and as the airflow passes through the conveying pipe to the front end of the guide plate and the airfoil curved plate, the airflow adheres closely to the wall surface under the Coanda effect, forming a Coanda effect zone at the airfoil curved plate. This zone influences the movement state of the extruded material. Lighter husk impurities move with the airflow towards the impurity outlet, while heavier grains experience less change in movement and move towards the yield measuring device or grain collection hopper via the auxiliary plate, thus achieving the separation of lighter impurities.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the yield measuring device is located between the grain conveying pipeline 73 and the grain collection hopper 74, and the secondary impurity removal device is located between the grain conveying pipeline and the yield measuring device. That is, the grain needs to undergo a second-stage fine impurity removal and weighing measurement during the conveying process before it is collected and bagged.

[0064] Preferably, the device further includes a bagging device 9 disposed at the end of the pneumatic conveying device 7. The bagging device 9 includes a grain bagging pipe 91, a bagging bracket 92, a seed bag clamp 93, and a seed bag tray 94. One end of the grain bagging pipe 91 is connected to the bottom opening of the grain collecting hopper 74. The bagging bracket 92 is fixedly disposed on the frame 1. The seed bag clamp 93 is fixedly disposed on the bagging bracket 92. The seed bag tray 94 is fixedly disposed on the bottom surface of the bagging bracket 92.

[0065] Specifically, the grain bagging pipe 91 is located below the grain discharge valve 75 and is used to guide the grains that have completed the yield measurement into the seed collection bag; the seed bag clamp 93 and the seed bag tray 94 are set on the bagging bracket 92 to fix the seed bags and ensure that the bagging process is stable and does not fall off; the bagging bracket 92 is fixedly set on the frame 1 to ensure the overall structure is stable.

[0066] It should be noted that the front end and back end, first end and last end mentioned above are defined according to the conveying direction of the processed wheat plants or grains, and are only for the convenience of understanding and describing this technical solution, and do not constitute a limitation of this application.

[0067] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0068] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A smart harvester for wheat breeding plots, characterized in that, The machine includes a frame, a cutting device, a cleaning device, a feeding device, a threshing device, a cleaning device, a pneumatic conveying device, and a yield measuring device. The frame is equipped with wheels at its bottom, which are driven to rotate by a power source. The cutting device is located at the front end of the frame and is used to cut wheat plants. The cleaning device is located on the frame and at the cutting device, used to blow away residual wheat plants and clean the cutting device. The feeding device is located at the rear end of the cutting device and is used to transport the cut wheat plants to the threshing device. The threshing device is located at the end of the feeding device and is used to thresh wheat to obtain grains; The cleaning device is located at the end of the threshing device and is used for screening grains and separating impurities; the pneumatic conveying device is located at the end of the cleaning device and is used for conveying the separated clean grains; the yield measuring device is located on the pneumatic conveying device and completes the weighing, moisture and bulk density detection of the grains before they are output.

2. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting device includes a header frame, a rice lifter, a reel, a fixed cutter blade, a moving cutter blade, and a cutter drive mechanism. The header frame is located at the front end of the machine frame, the rice lifters are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the header frame, the reel is symmetrically arranged above the header frame and is driven to rotate by the reel shaft, the reel has multiple circumferentially arranged tooth mounting shafts, and the tooth mounting shafts have multiple axially arranged spring teeth; the fixed cutter blade is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the header frame, and the moving cutter blade is correspondingly arranged with the fixed cutter blade and is driven to reciprocate linearly by the cutter drive mechanism.

3. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning device includes side air vents, a cutting table air duct, and a cleaning brush. The side air vents are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cutting table frame. One end of the cutting table air duct is connected to the cutting table fan, and the other end is connected to the side air vents. The cleaning brush is mounted on the spring tooth mounting shaft via a brush mounting plate.

4. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device includes a feeding conveyor belt, a feeding auger, and a feeding drum. The feeding conveyor belt is rotatably connected to the frame and one end is located below the reel, while the other end is located below the feeding drum. The feeding auger is rotatably connected to the frame and has auger blades spirally arranged on its outer wall. The feeding drum is rotatably connected to the frame and is located at the end of the feeding auger. A feeding plate is provided on the outer wall of the feeding drum, and feeding teeth are provided on the feeding plate.

5. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Telescopic teeth are provided on the outer wall of the feeding auger and located between the feeding augers. The extension length of the telescopic teeth is adjusted by a tooth adjustment mechanism. The tooth adjustment mechanism includes a rotating lever, a rotating shaft, an auger connecting rod, a mounting rod, and a fixing sleeve. The rotating lever is mounted on the frame and drives the rotating shaft to rotate. The other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the auger connecting rod. The other end of the auger connecting rod is fixedly connected to the mounting rod. Multiple telescopic teeth are fixedly provided on the mounting rod. The fixing sleeve is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the feeding auger. The telescopic teeth slide within the openings of the fixing sleeve.

6. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The threshing device includes a threshing drum, a concave threshing screen, a grain conveyor belt, and a stalk-separating wheel. The threshing drum is rotatably connected to the frame. Multiple threshing bases are arranged circumferentially on the threshing drum, and multiple threshing grooves are provided on the threshing bases. The concave threshing screen is arc-shaped and fitted below the threshing drum. Multiple spaced-apart screen strips are provided on the concave threshing screen. The grain conveyor belt is located at the bottom end of the concave threshing screen and is used for grain conveying. The stalk-separating wheel is provided with multiple stalk-separating blades and is located above the end of the threshing drum for stalk throwing and grain separation.

7. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning device includes a first cleaning screen, a second cleaning screen, a baffle curtain, a cleaning fan, and a grain collecting assembly. The first cleaning screen is inclinedly disposed at the end of the threshing device, and the second cleaning screen is inclinedly disposed below the first cleaning screen. Both the first and second cleaning screens are provided with screen plate holes and are driven to vibrate by a screening vibration mechanism. The baffle curtain is fixedly disposed above the first cleaning screen, and the cleaning fan is disposed on one side of the second cleaning screen. The grain collecting assembly includes at least a grain collecting funnel and is correspondingly disposed below the second cleaning screen.

8. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screening vibration mechanism includes a screening drive wheel, a drive rod, a main rocker arm, a first drive crossbar, a first front rocker arm, a first rear rocker arm, a first long connecting rod, a second drive connecting rod, a second front rocker arm, a second rear rocker arm, and a second cross connecting rod. The drive cam is driven to rotate by a power source. One end of the drive rod is hinged to one side of the drive wheel and the other end is hinged to one end of the main rocker arm. One end of the first drive crossbar is connected to the main rocker arm and the other end is connected to the first long connecting rod through a connecting seat. One end of the first long connecting rod is hinged to the first front rocker arm and the other end is hinged to the first rear rocker arm. A first connecting shaft is provided on the first long connecting rod, and the first connecting shaft is connected to a first slot provided on the side wall of the first cleaning screen. One end of the second drive connecting rod is hinged to the first rear rocker arm and the other end is hinged to one end of the second front rocker arm. One end of the second cross connecting rod is hinged to the second front rocker arm and the other end is hinged to the second rear rocker arm. A second connecting shaft is provided on the second cross connecting rod, and the second connecting shaft is connected to a second slot provided on the side wall of the second cleaning screen.

9. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pneumatic conveying device includes an air duct, a variable diameter grain conveying pipe, a grain conveying pipe, and a grain collecting hopper. The air duct is connected to a grain conveying fan. The grain collecting assembly is installed on the variable diameter grain conveying pipe and connected through an opening on the variable diameter grain conveying pipe. One end of the variable diameter grain conveying pipe is connected to the air duct, and the other end is connected to the grain conveying pipe. The other end of the grain conveying pipe is connected to the grain collecting hopper, and a yield measuring device is installed between them. A grain discharge valve is installed at the bottom of the grain collecting hopper.

10. The intelligent harvester for wheat breeding plots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The production measurement device includes a weighing bin, a bulk density bin, a weighing sensor, a moisture sensor, and a bulk density sensor. The weighing bin is fixedly mounted on the frame via a production measurement box. The bulk density bin is inverted conical in shape and has a weighing bin valve at its bottom opening. The bulk density bin is correspondingly located at the bottom of the weighing bin, and a bulk density bin valve is located at the bottom of the bulk density bin. The weighing sensors are symmetrically arranged between the outer wall of the weighing bin and the production measurement box. The moisture sensor and the bulk density sensor are both located inside the bulk density bin.

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