A leguminous forage grass seed rubbing, twisting, peeling and screening device

Abstract

The application discloses a leguminous forage grass seed rubbing and twisting peeling and screening device, which comprises a rack, a feeding mechanism, a rubbing and twisting and hulling mechanism and an air separation and collection mechanism. The agglomerated and hulled seeds are scattered by the feeding mechanism and introduced into the rubbing and twisting and hulling mechanism. The rubbing and twisting and hulling mechanism is connected by floating support through elastic connecting pieces in an upper rubbing and twisting disc and a lower rubbing and twisting disc arranged oppositely. The upper rubbing and twisting disc rotates relative to the fixed lower rubbing and twisting disc under the driving of a driving assembly, and hulling is realized. The air separation and collection mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the rack and separates and collects light impurities and full seeds by using airflow from bottom to top. The leguminous forage grass seed hulling is easy to break, and the problem is solved by rubbing and twisting of the upper rubbing and twisting disc and the lower rubbing and twisting disc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of leguminous forage seed depodation technology, specifically relating to a leguminous forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device. Background Technology

[0002] Leguminous forage crops (such as alfalfa, clover, and saxaul) play a vital role in livestock development and ecological environment construction. In breeding experiments and the propagation of superior varieties of leguminous forage crops, seed pod removal and cleaning are crucial preliminary steps. Leguminous forage seeds are typically encased in brittle, hard, lignified or semi-lignified pods, and some varieties have winged seeds or sticky surfaces, making them highly prone to agglomeration. Furthermore, forage seeds have relatively thin seed coats and delicate embryos, making them extremely sensitive to mechanical stress. Especially in breeding experiments, the seed samples processed are typically characterized by small batches, numerous varieties, and extremely high individual seed value. Therefore, extremely stringent requirements are placed on the non-destructive performance and anti-contamination capabilities of seed processing equipment.

[0003] Currently, most seed depodging and cleaning equipment on the market is large-scale commercial models. Their working principle primarily relies on high-speed rotating impact plates, spikes, or metal rollers to subject the material to intense impact, friction, and compression. While this rigid, high-speed impact is highly efficient at depodging, it easily causes seed coat rupture and embryo damage in leguminous forage seeds, resulting in irreversible mechanical damage and significantly reducing seed germination rate and vigor. For very small batches of precious breeding experimental materials, such large-scale equipment not only presents a serious problem of "overprocessing," but its bulky size and high energy consumption make it completely unsuitable for the refined processing required in laboratories or small-scale breeding bases.

[0004] To meet the needs of small-batch processing, some small seed depoders or grinding equipment have emerged in the existing technology. However, these devices generally have the following shortcomings: First, their working gaps are mostly fixed or can only be roughly adjusted, lacking a precise mechanical self-limiting protection mechanism. During the kneading or squeezing process, if the material accumulates or the force is uneven, the rigid or semi-rigid working surface can easily crush the seeds inside. Second, the working surfaces of existing small devices are mostly smooth metal or ordinary rubber, lacking microstructure optimization for the brittle pods of leguminous forage seeds, resulting in low shell-breaking efficiency. This often requires increasing the rotation speed or extending the processing time, further aggravating seed wear. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a legume forage seed crushing, peeling, and screening device that breaks down seed pods through a flexible crushing method, avoiding seed coat rupture and damage caused by rigid compression.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device, characterized in that it comprises: frame; The feeding mechanism, located at the top of the frame, is used to disperse podded seeds and guide them into the hulling and depodging mechanism; A pod-removing mechanism is mounted on the frame and located at the lower end of the feeding mechanism. It includes an upper pod-removing disc, a lower pod-removing disc, a drive assembly, and elastic connectors. The lower pod-removing disc is mounted on the frame, and the drive assembly is mounted on the lower pod-removing disc, with one end connected to the upper pod-removing disc, driving the upper pod-removing disc to rotate relative to the lower pod-removing disc and pod-removing the seeds. A plurality of elastic connectors are disposed between the upper and lower pod-removing discs. The wind-separating and collecting mechanism, located at the lower end of the frame, is used to receive the depodated seeds output from the lower kneading disc.

[0007] Furthermore, the air separation and collection mechanism includes a fan assembly and a collection frame assembly. The fan assembly is located below the lower kneading disc and supplies air to the upper end of the lower kneading disc. The collection frame assembly is slidably embedded in the lower end of the frame.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a gap self-limiting mechanism, a plurality of such gap self-limiting mechanisms are arranged in a circumferential array on the frame, one end is screwed to the frame and the other end is connected to the lower kneading disc, for adjusting the gap between the lower kneading disc and the upper kneading disc.

[0009] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper, a seed thinning mechanism, a loosening box, and a guide trough. The feeding hopper is mounted on the frame. One end of the loosening box is connected to the feeding hopper, and the other end is connected to the guide trough, which is vertically spaced opposite to the kneading and pod-removing mechanism. One end of the seed thinning mechanism is slidably fitted inside the loosening box and is used to rotate and disperse pod-bearing seeds to the guide trough.

[0010] Furthermore, the seed thinning mechanism includes a toothed roller and a toothed motor. The toothed roller is slidably nested inside the loosening box, and the toothed motor is mounted on the loosening box with one end connected to the toothed roller.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper end of the upper kneading disc is provided with a feeding hopper that is spaced apart from the feeding trough, the lower end of the upper kneading disc is provided with an upper spiral groove disc, and the upper end of the lower kneading disc is provided with a lower spiral groove disc. The upper and lower spiral groove discs are spaced apart and face each other, and the lower spiral groove disc is in communication with the collecting frame assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a drive motor and a drive shaft. The drive motor is located at the lower end of the lower kneading disc, and one end of the drive shaft passes through the lower kneading disc and is connected to the upper kneading disc, while the other end is connected to the drive motor.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of elastic connectors are respectively provided on the upper edge of the lower kneading disc, and the upper kneading disc is slidably supported on the elastic connectors.

[0014] Furthermore, the blower assembly includes a blower and a ventilation channel. The blower is connected to the lower kneading disc, and the ventilation channel is embedded in the lower end of the lower kneading disc. One end of the ventilation channel is connected to the blower, and the other end extends toward the inner circumference of the lower kneading disc.

[0015] Furthermore, at least one layer of screen is provided at the lower end of the lower spiral groove plate.

[0016] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention provides a legume forage seed rubbing, peeling, and screening device. By setting several elastic connectors between the upper and lower rubbing discs, the upper rubbing disc is driven to rotate relative to the lower rubbing disc, thus creating a pair of flexible friction pairs to achieve rubbing of pod-bearing seeds. Since the elastic pre-tightening force of the elastic connectors can buffer brittle and hard pods, once it encounters an extra-thick pod or hard debris, the upper rubbing disc can buffer the advance and retreat to form a floating rotation, thereby avoiding the problem of seed coat rupture and damage caused by rigid compression. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the kneading and depodging mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the kneading disc of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a top view of the kneading disc of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A sectional view along line AA.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the kneading disc of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a front view of the kneading disc of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the screen structure of the present invention.

[0027] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Frame, 11-Support leg, 12-Support ring, 13-Vertical top plate, 14-Wheel caster, 2-Feeding mechanism, 21-Feeding hopper, 22-Comb roller, 23-Comb motor, 24-Loosening box, 25-Guide trough, 3-Kneading and pod-removing mechanism, 31-Upper kneading disc, 311-Upper spiral groove disc, 312-Arc-shaped inclined hole, 32-Lower kneading disc, 321-Lower spiral groove disc, 322-Rib plate, 33-Drive assembly, 331-Drive motor, 332-Drive shaft, 34-Elastic connector, 35-Feeding hopper, 36-Screen, 4-Gap self-limiting mechanism, 5-Air separation and collection mechanism, 51-Blower assembly, 511-Blower, 512-Ventilation channel, 52-Collection frame assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide a clearer understanding of the purpose, features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative of the essential spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a legume forage seed kneading, peeling and screening device, which includes a frame 1, a feeding mechanism 2, a kneading and pod-removing mechanism 3, a gap self-limiting mechanism 4 and an air separation and collection mechanism 5.

[0030] The frame 1, serving as the supporting base for the entire device, is constructed from high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel profiles to ensure sufficient rigidity and reduce overall weight. The frame 1 includes support legs 11, support rings 12, and a vertical top plate 13. Four support legs 11 are positioned at the lower end of the support rings 12, and the vertical top plate 13 is vertically connected to one side of the outer circumference of the support rings 12. Each support leg 11 is equipped with casters 14 at its bottom for easy movement. The feeding mechanism 2 is fixed to one side of the vertical top plate 13, and the pod-removing mechanism 3 is mounted on the support rings 12, located at the lower end of the feeding mechanism 2. The air-separation and collection mechanism 5 is embedded between the support legs 11 and the support rings 12. The feeding mechanism 2, located at the top of the frame 1, disperses pod-bearing seeds and guides them into the pod-removing mechanism 3 for pod removal. After pod removal, the seeds are collected by the air-separation and collection mechanism 5.

[0031] like Figure 3As shown, the feeding mechanism 2 further includes a feeding hopper 21, a comb roller 22, a comb motor 23, a loosening box 24, and a guide trough 25. The feeding hopper 21 is fixed to one side of the vertical top plate 13 at the top of the frame 1. The loosening box 24 is installed on the vertical top plate 13 at the lower end of the feeding hopper 21, and the upper end of the loosening box 24 is connected to the lower end opening of the feeding hopper 21. The comb roller 22 is slidably nested inside the loosening box 24 on both sides via bearings. The surface of the comb roller 22 is evenly distributed with comb teeth made of flexible nylon or silicone. One end of the comb roller 22 extends out of the loosening box 24 and is connected to the output shaft of the comb motor 23. The comb motor 23 is fixed to the outer periphery of the loosening box 24. The bottom outlet of the lower end of the loosening box 24 is connected to the guide trough 25, which extends downward at an angle to directly above the center of the kneading and depodging mechanism 3. The toothed roller 22 and the toothed motor 23 form a seed-dispersing mechanism, which is used to rotate and disperse podded seeds to the feed trough 25. During operation, the operator pours the podded seeds into the feed hopper 21, and the toothed motor 23 drives the toothed roller 22 to rotate. Utilizing the mechanical dispersing effect of the teeth, the clumps of podded seeds are broken down into individual seeds, which then fall evenly and quantitatively into the kneading and pod-removing mechanism 3 below along the feed trough 25, effectively preventing feed blockage.

[0032] like Figures 4-9 As shown, the hulling and depodging mechanism 3 further includes an upper hulling disc 31, a lower hulling disc 32, a drive assembly 33, and elastic connectors 34. The lower hulling disc 32 is fixed to the support ring 12 in the middle of the frame 1 by a bearing seat or flange. The upper hulling disc 31 is located directly above the lower hulling disc 32. A plurality of elastic connectors 34 are arranged in a circumferential array between the upper hulling disc 31 and the lower hulling disc 32. A feed hopper 35 is provided at the upper center of the upper hulling disc 31, which is used to receive seeds from the guide trough 25. The drive assembly 33 is disposed on the lower hulling disc 32, and one end passes through the lower hulling disc 32 and connects to the upper hulling disc 31. The drive assembly 33 drives the upper hulling disc 31 to rotate relative to the lower hulling disc 32 to hull the podded seeds.

[0033] Furthermore, the drive assembly 33 includes a drive motor 331 and a drive shaft 332. The drive motor 331 is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the lower kneading disc 32, and the drive shaft 332 passes vertically through the central through hole of the lower kneading disc 32 via a bearing, with its top end fixedly connected to the center of the upper kneading disc 31.

[0034] Furthermore, an upper spiral grooved disc 311 is fixed to the lower end face of the upper twisting disc 31, and the upper spiral grooved disc 311 has an upper spiral channel with a closed bottom. A lower spiral grooved disc 321 is fixed to the upper end face of the lower twisting disc 32, and the lower spiral grooved disc 321 has a through lower spiral channel. The upper spiral grooved disc 311 and the lower spiral grooved disc 321 are arranged opposite to each other so that the upper spiral channel and the lower spiral channel can be locked together and rotated to twist the podded seeds. The podded seeds fall into the air separation and collection mechanism 5 through the lower spiral channel for collection. The upper spiral channel and the lower spiral channel not only increase the friction area, but also force the seeds to make spiral movements through the spiral guidance effect, extending the twisting path and ensuring that the pods are fully depodged.

[0035] Specifically, the upper kneading disc 31 has an arc-shaped inclined hole 312 at its center. The lower end of the arc-shaped inclined hole 312 extends to the center starting end of the upper spiral channel. The arc-shaped opening at the lower end of the feeding hopper 35 is inserted into the arc-shaped inclined hole 312, and the pod-bearing seeds are transported to the upper spiral channel through the feeding hopper 35.

[0036] like Figure 10 As shown, furthermore, in order to screen the falling seeds, at least one layer of stainless steel or nylon mesh 36 is embedded in the inner circumference of the lower spiral groove 321. Seeds can be further screened through the mesh 36.

[0037] Specifically, ribs 322 are arranged on the inner periphery of the lower kneading disc 32 located at the lower end of the lower spiral groove disc 321. A sliding groove is provided between adjacent ribs 322, and a screen 36 is embedded in the adjacent sliding groove. Multiple layers of screens 36 can be arranged vertically. In this invention, there are 3 ribs 322, and the three screens 36 are arranged side by side to form a layer.

[0038] Furthermore, the upper kneading disc 31 is not rigidly locked to the drive shaft 332, but is floated and supported by a plurality of elastic connectors 34 distributed in a circumferential array. The upper end of the elastic connector 34 abuts against the stepped surface of the upper kneading disc 31, and the lower end is connected to the mounting hole at the upper edge of the lower kneading disc 32. The elastic connectors 34 allow the upper kneading disc 31 to float and rotate when subjected to excessive resistance, thereby preventing the crushing of the podded seeds inside. The elastic connectors 34 are preferably disc spring assemblies or high-strength rubber shock-absorbing columns.

[0039] Furthermore, the gap self-limiting mechanism 4 is used to precisely control the kneading gap between the upper kneading disc 31 and the lower kneading disc 32 to accommodate seeds of different sizes. In this invention, the gap self-limiting mechanism 4 includes three adjusting bolts, which are circumferentially screwed onto the support ring 12 of the frame 1. The upper ends of the adjusting bolts extend into and abut against the bottom of the lower kneading disc 32. By rotating the adjusting bolts, the height of the lower kneading disc 32 relative to the frame 1 can be finely adjusted, thereby changing the initial gap between the upper spiral groove disc 311 and the lower spiral groove disc 321. For easy adjustment, an adjusting nut is connected to the lower end of the adjusting bolt.

[0040] Furthermore, an air-separation collection mechanism 5 is located at the lower part of the lower kneading disc 32, used to separate seeds from light impurities and collect seeds. The air-separation collection mechanism 5 includes a blower assembly 51 and a collection frame assembly 52. ​​The blower assembly 51 is located at the lower end of the lower kneading disc 32, and outputs airflow towards one end of the screen 36. The collection frame assembly 52 is slidably nested between the support legs 11 at the lower part of the frame 1.

[0041] Specifically, the blower assembly 51 comprises several groups, which are distributed around the circumference of the lower kneading disc 32. The number of blower assemblies 51 is the same as the number of ribs 322. Each blower assembly 51 includes a blower 511 and a ventilation channel 512. The blower 511 is installed on the rib 322 on the lower surface of the lower kneading disc 32. The ventilation channel is embedded in the rib 322. One end of the ventilation channel 512 is connected to the blower 511, and the other end extends toward the side of the rib 322. Several ventilation holes are provided on the side of the rib 322, and the air blown out of the ventilation holes is directed toward the screen 36.

[0042] The collection frame assembly 52 includes several drawer-type collection boxes arranged in an upper and lower layer, each drawer-type collection box being horizontally slidably embedded between the support legs 11 at the bottom of the frame 1. The uppermost drawer-type collection box is used to collect plump, heavy seeds, while the lower drawer-type collection box can be used to collect light impurities that are blown away.

[0043] The present invention provides a legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device, the working process of which is as follows: First, based on the particle size of the seeds to be processed, rotate the adjusting bolt to set the optimal gap between the upper kneading disc 31 and the lower kneading disc 32.

[0044] When the equipment power is turned on, the comb motor 23 and drive motor 331 start, and the blower 511 begins to blow air, pouring the podded seeds to be processed into the feed hopper 21. The comb roller 22 rotates at high speed, breaking up the clumps of seeds. The seeds fall through the guide chute 25 and the discharge hopper 35 into the upper and lower spiral channels between the upper and lower twisting discs 31 and 32. The drive motor 331 drives the upper twisting disc 31 to rotate via the drive shaft 332. Since the lower twisting disc 32 is stationary, the seeds are subjected to strong shearing and frictional forces within the upper and lower spiral channels. Under the constant flexible pressure provided by the elastic connector 34, the brittle pods are cracked, while the seeds inside remain intact due to the elastic buffer protection and fall out sequentially from the lower spiral channel.

[0045] The mixture of detached seeds and broken pods undergoes preliminary filtration through sieve 36 under the influence of centrifugal force and gravity. At this time, the rising airflow generated by fan 511 blows through the ventilation channel toward sieve 36, blowing the lighter broken pod skins, seed wings, and dust into the impurity collection box on the side; while the plump seeds, due to their higher density, overcome the airflow resistance and fall vertically into the drawer-type collection box directly below.

Claims

1. A legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device, characterized in that, include: Rack (1); The feeding mechanism (2) is located on the top of the frame (1) and is used to disperse the pod-bearing seeds and introduce them into the kneading and pod-removing mechanism (3). A pod-removing mechanism (3) is mounted on the frame (1) and located at the lower end of the feeding mechanism (2). It includes an upper pod-removing disc (31), a lower pod-removing disc (32), a drive assembly (33), and elastic connectors (34). The lower pod-removing disc (32) is mounted on the frame (1). The drive assembly (33) is mounted on the lower pod-removing disc (32) and is connected at one end to the upper pod-removing disc (31). It drives the upper pod-removing disc (31) to rotate relative to the lower pod-removing disc (32) to pod-removing seeds. Several elastic connectors (34) are mounted between the upper pod-removing disc (31) and the lower pod-removing disc (32). The wind-separating collection mechanism (5), located at the lower end of the frame (1), is used to receive the depodated seeds output from the lower kneading disc (32).

2. The legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air separation and collection mechanism (5) includes a fan assembly (51) and a collection frame assembly (52). The fan assembly (51) is located below the lower kneading disc (32) and sends air to the upper end of the lower kneading disc (32). The collection frame assembly (52) is slidably embedded in the lower end of the frame (1).

3. The legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a gap self-limiting mechanism (4), a plurality of the gap self-limiting mechanisms (4) are arranged in a circumferential array on the frame (1), one end is screwed to the frame (1), and the other end is connected to the lower kneading disc (32), used to adjust the gap between the lower kneading disc (32) and the upper kneading disc (31).

4. The legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feeding mechanism (2) includes a feeding hopper (21), a seed thinning mechanism, a loosening box (24), and a guide trough (25). The feeding hopper (21) is mounted on the frame (1). One end of the loosening box (24) is connected to the feeding hopper (21), and the other end is connected to the guide trough (25), which is vertically spaced opposite to the kneading and pod-removing mechanism (3). One end of the seed thinning mechanism is slidably fitted inside the loosening box (24) and is used to rotate and disperse pod-bearing seeds to the guide trough (25).

5. The legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The seed thinning mechanism includes a toothed roller (22) and a toothed motor (23). The toothed roller (22) is slidably nested in the loosening box (24). The toothed motor (23) is mounted on the loosening box (24) and one end is connected to the toothed roller (22).

6. The legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper end of the upper kneading disc (31) is provided with a feeding hopper (35) that is spaced apart from the feeding trough (25). The lower end of the upper kneading disc (31) is provided with an upper spiral groove disc (311). The upper end of the lower kneading disc (32) is provided with a lower spiral groove disc (321). The upper spiral groove disc (311) and the lower spiral groove disc (321) are spaced apart from each other. The lower spiral groove disc (321) is in communication with the collecting frame group (52).

7. The legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (33) includes a drive motor (331) and a drive shaft (332). The drive motor (331) is located at the lower end of the lower kneading disc (32). One end of the drive shaft (332) passes through the lower kneading disc (32) and is connected to the upper kneading disc (31), and the other end is connected to the drive motor (331).

8. The legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper edge of the lower kneading disc (32) is provided with a plurality of elastic connectors (34), and the upper kneading disc (31) is slidably supported on the elastic connectors (34).

9. A legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blower assembly (51) includes a blower (511) and a ventilation channel. The blower (511) is connected to the lower kneading disc (32). The ventilation channel is embedded in the lower end of the lower kneading disc (32). One end of the ventilation channel is connected to the blower (511), and the other end extends toward the inner circumference of the lower kneading disc (32).

10. A legume forage seed tumbling, peeling, and screening device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower end of the lower spiral grooved plate (321) is provided with at least one layer of screen (36).

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