A high-yield and high-income planting method of carya illinoinensis

Abstract

The application discloses a high-yield and high-income planting method of Carya illinoensis, and belongs to the technical field of economic forest planting and cultivation. The high-yield and high-income planting method of Carya illinoensis is a new technology of spraying a formula fertilizer on the tree crown leaf surface according to the special demand of the development stage of different fruit setting periods for nutrients under the condition of normal water and fertilizer management and field management and protection, and comprises the following steps: spraying a mixed preparation of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and internal absorption fungicides on the leaf surface before the leaf unfolding and pollination period of Carya illinoensis; spraying the mixed preparation of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and internal absorption fungicides again during the pollination period of Carya illinoensis; spraying a mixed preparation of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements, surface fungicides and internal absorption fungicides during the slow growth period of young fruits of Carya illinoensis; spraying a composite nutrient preparation for promoting photosynthesis during the fruit swelling period of Carya illinoensis; and spraying a composite nutrient preparation for promoting photosynthesis and enhancing resistance during the peak growth and filling period of fruits of Carya illinoensis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of economic forest planting and cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for high-yield and income-increasing planting of thin-shelled pecans. Background Technology

[0002] Thin-shelled pecans, as a high-quality woody grain and oilseed economic tree species, have high economic value and broad market prospects, making them one of the core planting varieties for enriching the people and enhancing ecological benefits in mountainous forest areas. Currently, the fertilization and management model in domestic thin-shelled pecan orchards during their peak fruiting period is relatively traditional. The mainstream cultivation method is to apply organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer in autumn and winter, and to apply compound fertilizer as a top dressing in spring and summer. This management approach is extensive and the nutrient supply ratio is singular. Existing cultivation methods have many inherent defects: First, fertilization mainly relies on large amounts of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, neglecting the essential needs of thin-shelled pecans for micronutrients such as boron, zinc, and magnesium at different growth stages. This imbalance in nutrient supply to the fruit trees easily leads to problems such as flower and fruit drop, poor fruit development, and directly results in low overall yield. Second, long-term single application of inorganic fertilizers leaves unabsorbed fertilizer residues in the soil, easily causing soil salinization, hardening, and damage to soil aggregate structure, continuously reducing the soil's nutrient supply capacity, creating a vicious cycle of "excessive fertilization, insufficient absorption, and poor growth." Third, traditional water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control are disconnected, and disease control during the growing season is not timely, resulting in a high incidence of fruit scab and black leaf spot, which further exacerbates the problem of reduced yield and quality. Fourth, the traditional ground fertilization model is slow to respond to the growth needs of fruit trees and cannot meet the nutritional needs of key windows such as flowering and pollination, young fruit development, and fruit enlargement. This leads to a very obvious alternate bearing phenomenon in fruit trees, with high yields in good years and a sharp drop in yields in bad years. The overall production capacity of the orchard is unstable, and the economic benefits fluctuate greatly, which seriously restricts the large-scale, standardized and stable development of the thin-shelled pecan industry.

[0003] In response to the problems of unreasonable nutrient ratios, low fertilizer utilization, frequent diseases, severe alternate bearing, poor yield stability, and low economic benefits in existing methods, especially considering the special nutritional needs of thin-shelled pecan fruits at different developmental stages, there is an urgent need to develop a new cultivation technique to promote a bumper harvest and increased production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-yield and income-increasing planting method for thin-shelled pecans, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a method for high-yield and income-increasing cultivation of thin-shelled pecans, comprising the following steps: Apply a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide to the leaves of thin-shelled pecans during the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination. During the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans, spray again with a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide; Spray a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements, surface fungicide and systemic fungicide during the slow growth period of young thin-shelled pecan fruits. Spray a compound nutrient preparation to promote photosynthesis during the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans; Spray a compound nutrient preparation that promotes photosynthesis and enhances resistance during the peak growth and grain-filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruits.

[0006] Preferably, the mixed preparation sprayed in the early stage of leaf unfolding and pollination of thin-shelled pecans includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.5-2.5 parts carbendazim.

[0007] The mixed preparation sprayed in the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination of thin-shelled pecans can promote flower bud differentiation and development, block early disease infection (effectively prevent fruit scab and early leaf diseases), and lay the foundation for efficient pollination.

[0008] Preferably, the mixed formulation sprayed in the early stage of leaf unfolding and pollination of thin-shelled pecans includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5-2.5 parts carbendazim, 0.8-1.2 parts houttuynia cordata extract and 0.8-1.2 parts grapevine extract.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the houttuynia cordata extract includes the following steps: The houttuynia cordata and ethanol solution were mixed, heated under reflux for extraction, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated, concentrated, and dried by forced air to obtain the houttuynia cordata extract.

[0010] Houttuynia cordata extract contains a variety of antibacterial active ingredients that can inhibit black spot disease and effectively prevent early leaf diseases.

[0011] Preferably, the method for preparing the grapevine extract includes the following steps: The grapevines were soaked in water and then heated to extract the extract. The extract was then filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain the grapevine extract.

[0012] Grapevine extract contains a large amount of resveratrol, which can inhibit the movement of pathogens and the secretion of toxins, making it suitable for application in conjunction with green orchards.

[0013] The five components—boron fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carbendazim, houttuynia cordata extract, and grapevine extract—work synergistically to provide nutrition to walnut trees while inhibiting bacteria and enhancing the plant's stress resistance, achieving a synergistic effect of flower preservation, pollination, disease prevention, and tree strengthening.

[0014] A preferred formulation for spraying during the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 2-4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.8-1.2 parts carbendazim. The simultaneous application of boron while enhancing phosphorus and potassium supply can inhibit the activity of pathogenic fungi during flowering, significantly improving fruit set rate.

[0015] Spraying a mixed formulation during the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans can optimize the pollination environment, improve the pollination success rate, reduce flower drop, and at the same time control fruit scab and black leaf spot diseases.

[0016] Preferably, the mixed formulation sprayed during the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 2-4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts carbendazim, and 0.8-1.2 parts houttuynia cordata extract.

[0017] The preferred mixed formulation for spraying during the slow growth period of young thin-shelled pecan fruits includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts thiophanate-methyl, and 0.8-1.2 parts carbendazim; to further stabilize fruit set, inhibit the spread of diseases, and avoid problems such as young fruit drop and malformation.

[0018] The slow growth period of young pecans is crucial for their survival and healthy development, making them susceptible to scab disease and foliar diseases. Therefore, it's essential to balance comprehensive disease control with balanced nutrition to ensure stable fruit set. Using a compound formulation of "surface fungicide + systemic fungicide + phosphorus and potassium + boron" can comprehensively control foliar and young fruit diseases, ensuring normal fruit growth and achieving three-dimensional disease control.

[0019] Preferably, the compound nutrient preparation for promoting photosynthesis, which is sprayed during the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans, includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts zinc sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts potassium humate, 0.5-1.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer.

[0020] During the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans, it is necessary to strengthen photosynthesis, improve plant drought resistance, and supplement with multifunctional trace elements to adapt to the hot and arid growing environment of mountainous slopes. By spraying zinc and magnesium to improve photosynthetic efficiency, potassium humate to enhance plant stress resistance, and boron to continuously ensure fruit development, the drought resistance of fruit trees can be effectively improved, helping the fruit to enlarge rapidly.

[0021] Preferably, the photosynthesis-promoting and resistance-enhancing compound nutrient preparation sprayed during the peak growth and grain-filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruits includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts zinc sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts magnesium sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium humate, and 0.8-1.2 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0022] The peak growth and filling period of thin-shelled pecans is the core period for kernel development and nutrient accumulation, directly determining fruit yield and quality. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on improving plant photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing stress resistance, and promoting nutrient translocation and accumulation. Under normal management conditions with proper soil moisture conservation and drought resistance, spraying a compound nutrient preparation that promotes photosynthesis and enhances resistance can effectively promote nutrient translocation and accumulation to the kernel, increasing single fruit weight and fruit fullness, laying the foundation for high and stable yields.

[0023] Preferably, a combination of drones and sprayers is used for spraying. This method can cover the entire surface of the tree canopy and the inner branches and leaves, resulting in high work efficiency, uniform fertilizer application, and good foliar absorption. It is suitable for large-scale, intelligent planting and management in mountain orchards, and significantly reduces labor costs.

[0024] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: (1) The planting method of the present invention can ensure the nutritional supply of thin-shelled pecans throughout the entire growth period. The nutritional ratio is reasonable and the fertilizer effect is high. It effectively solves the problems of severe alternate bearing, poor yield stability and low economic benefits of thin-shelled pecans, and achieves the goal of increasing production and harvest.

[0025] (2) The planting method of the present invention, based on meeting the basic water and fertilizer ecological needs of thin-shelled pecans, adopts a refined operation mode of foliar spraying of compound nutrient preparations in conjunction with drones and spray cannons to simultaneously achieve nutrient supplementation and disease control, effectively promotes fruit setting, ensures healthy fruit development, improves the phenomenon of alternate bearing, and achieves the core goal of high yield, stable yield and increased income of thin-shelled pecan orchards. It is suitable for large-scale planting and promotion in mountainous dry slopes.

[0026] (3) The planting method of the present invention solves the planting problems of high temperature and drought, poor soil, significant alternate bearing, and frequent diseases in mountainous dry slopes. Furthermore, the planting method of the present invention has the advantages of strong adaptability, high stability, and excellent replicability and promotion, providing a standardized technical model for the planting of similar thin-shelled hickory in mountainous areas.

[0027] (4) The planting method of the present invention was promoted and applied for four consecutive years from 2022 to 2025, and achieved an average yield of 142.5 kg / mu of dried drupes (average yield of Examples 1 to 4). Detailed Implementation

[0028] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0030] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0031] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0032] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0033] It should be noted that any aspects not described in detail in this invention are conventional practices in the field and are not the focus of this invention.

[0034] The thin-shelled pecan tree in this specific embodiment of the invention is of the Bonnie variety and is 15 years old. The orchard is divided into several plots, with 20 trees in each plot undergoing different treatments, and this process is repeated three times.

[0035] The experimental period in the specific embodiments of the present invention is from 2022 to 2025, which is a continuous four-year research and development iteration and field trial, experiencing extreme adverse weather conditions such as continuous high temperature and continuous drought, covering the complete growth cycle of the orchard in both good and bad years.

[0036] The thin-shelled pecan orchard in the specific embodiment of the present invention is located in Dahongshan (mountainous dry slope and hilly land) in Sihong County, Huaibei, Jiangsu Province.

[0037] Example 1 A method for increasing the yield and income of thin-shelled pecans: (1) In the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination of thin-shelled pecans (mid-April 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the canopy leaves of thin-shelled pecans using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2 catties of carbendazim to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and obtain the mixed preparation.

[0038] (2) During the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans (early May 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed again on the thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1 catties of carbendazim to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0039] (3) During the slow growth period of young pecan fruits (early June to late June 2022), a combination of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements, surface fungicide and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the pecan trees (covering the surface and inner branches and leaves of the canopy in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of thiophanate-methyl (surface fungicide) and 0.1 catties of carbendazim (systemic fungicide) to 100 catties of clean water, mix them evenly and the mixed preparation is obtained.

[0040] (4) During the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans (early July 2022), a compound nutrient preparation to promote photosynthesis was sprayed on the thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of compound nutrient preparation used was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.1 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 kg of potassium humate, 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1 catties of boric acid to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and the compound nutrient preparation is obtained.

[0041] (5) During the peak growth and filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruit (early August 2022), a combination of drone and spray cannon was used to spray photosynthesis-promoting and resistance-enhancing compound nutrient preparation on the thin-shelled pecan tree (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions). The amount of compound nutrient preparation used was 20L / mu.

[0042] The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.1 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 catties of potassium humate and 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and the compound nutrient preparation is obtained.

[0043] (6) Carry out routine field management and do not use other pesticides for the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

[0044] The same management will be implemented in the same community from 2023 to 2025.

[0045] Example 2 A method for increasing the yield and income of thin-shelled pecans: (1) In the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination of thin-shelled pecans (mid-April 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the canopy leaves of thin-shelled pecans using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.08 catties of boric acid, 0.22 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2 catties of carbendazim to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0046] (2) During the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans (early May 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed again on the thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.12 catties of boric acid, 0.3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.08 catties of carbendazim to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0047] (3) During the slow growth period of young pecan fruits (early June to late June 2022), a combination of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements, surface fungicide and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the pecan trees (covering the surface and inner branches and leaves of the canopy in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed formulation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.25 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08 catties of thiophanate-methyl (surface fungicide) and 0.08 catties of carbendazim (systemic fungicide) to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed formulation.

[0048] (4) During the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans (early July 2022), a compound nutrient preparation to promote photosynthesis was sprayed on the thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of compound nutrient preparation used was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.08 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.15 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.08 kg of potassium humate, 0.08 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.12 catties of boric acid to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and obtain the compound nutrient preparation.

[0049] (5) During the peak growth and filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruit (early August 2022), a combination of drone and spray cannon was used to spray photosynthesis-promoting and resistance-enhancing compound nutrient preparation on the thin-shelled pecan tree (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions). The amount of compound nutrient preparation used was 20L / mu.

[0050] The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.12 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.18 catties of potassium humate and 0.08 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and obtain the compound nutrient preparation.

[0051] (6) Carry out routine field management and do not use other pesticides for the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

[0052] The same management will be implemented in the same community from 2023 to 2025.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 Same as Example 1, except that step (1) is: in the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination of thin-shelled pecans (mid-April 2022), a systemic fungicide preparation is sprayed on the canopy and leaves of thin-shelled pecans using a combination of drone and spray gun, and the dosage of the systemic fungicide preparation is 20L / mu. The preparation method of the systemic bactericide formulation is as follows: add 0.2 catties of carbendazim to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly, and the systemic bactericide formulation is obtained.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 Same as Example 1, except that step (3) is: during the slow growth period of the young fruit of thin-shelled pecan (early June to late June 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide is sprayed on the thin-shelled pecan tree (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of the mixture is 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2 catties of carbendazim (systemic fungicide) to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0055] Comparative Example 3 Same as Example 1, except that step (4) is: during the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans (early July 2022), a compound nutrient preparation is sprayed on the thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of compound nutrient preparation is 20L / mu. The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.2 catties of potassium humate, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1 catties of boric acid to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and the compound nutrient preparation is obtained.

[0056] Comparative Example 4 Same as Example 1, except that a regular electric sprayer is used for spraying, and the dosage in steps (1) to (5) is increased to 40L / mu.

[0057] Example 3 A method for increasing the yield and income of thin-shelled pecans: (1) In the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination of thin-shelled pecans (mid-April 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the canopy leaves of thin-shelled pecans using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 catties of carbendazim, 0.1 catties of houttuynia cordata extract and 0.12 catties of grape vine extract to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0058] The preparation method of Houttuynia cordata extract is as follows: Houttuynia cordata was dried by air drying (at a temperature of 65°C) and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain Houttuynia cordata powder. Houttuynia cordata powder and 75 vol.% ethanol solution were mixed at a ratio of 1 g: 10 mL, heated under reflux for 5 h, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated, concentrated, and dried by forced air (at 65 °C) to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0059] The preparation method of grapevine extract is as follows: The grapevines were crushed and soaked in water (grapevine to water mass ratio of 1:10) for 2 hours. The mixture was then heated for extraction (temperature of 100℃, time of 3 hours). After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated and dried (temperature of 65℃) to obtain the grapevine extract.

[0060] (2) During the pollination period of pecans (early May 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed again on the pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of carbendazim and 0.12 catties of houttuynia cordata extract to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0061] The preparation method of Houttuynia cordata extract is as follows: Houttuynia cordata was dried by air drying (at a temperature of 65°C) and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain Houttuynia cordata powder. Houttuynia cordata powder and 75 vol.% ethanol solution were mixed at a ratio of 1 g: 10 mL, heated under reflux for 5 h, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated, concentrated, and dried by forced air (at 65 °C) to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0062] (3) During the slow growth period of young pecan fruits (early June to late June 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements, surface fungicide and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the pecan trees (covering the surface and inner branches and leaves of the canopy in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of thiophanate-methyl (surface fungicide) and 0.1 catties of carbendazim (systemic fungicide) to 100 catties of clean water, mix them evenly and the mixed preparation is obtained.

[0063] (4) During the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans (early July 2022), a compound nutrient preparation to promote photosynthesis was sprayed on the thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray gun operation. The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.1 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 kg of potassium humate, 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1 catties of boric acid to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and the compound nutrient preparation is obtained.

[0064] (5) During the peak growth and filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruit (early August 2022), a combination of drone and spray cannon was used to spray photosynthesis-promoting and resistance-enhancing compound nutrient preparations on thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions).

[0065] The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.1 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 catties of potassium humate and 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and the compound nutrient preparation is obtained.

[0066] (6) Carry out routine field management and do not use other pesticides for the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

[0067] The same management will be implemented in the same community from 2023 to 2025.

[0068] Example 4 A method for increasing the yield and income of thin-shelled pecans: (1) In the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination of thin-shelled pecans (mid-April 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the canopy leaves of thin-shelled pecans using a combination of drone and spray gun. The amount of the mixture was 20L / mu. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 catties of carbendazim, 0.12 catties of houttuynia cordata extract and 0.08 catties of grape vine extract to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0069] The preparation method of Houttuynia cordata extract is as follows: Houttuynia cordata was dried by air drying (at a temperature of 65°C) and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain Houttuynia cordata powder. Houttuynia cordata powder and 75 vol.% ethanol solution were mixed at a ratio of 1 g: 10 mL, heated under reflux for 5 h, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated, concentrated, and dried by forced air (at 65 °C) to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0070] The preparation method of grapevine extract is as follows: The grapevines were crushed and soaked in water (grapevine to water mass ratio of 1:10) for 2 hours. The mixture was then heated for extraction (temperature of 100℃, time of 3 hours). After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated and dried (temperature of 65℃) to obtain the grapevine extract.

[0071] (2) During the pollination period of pecans (early May 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide was sprayed again on the pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of carbendazim and 0.08 catties of houttuynia cordata extract to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly to obtain the mixed preparation.

[0072] The preparation method of Houttuynia cordata extract is as follows: Houttuynia cordata was dried by air drying (at a temperature of 65°C) and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain Houttuynia cordata powder. Houttuynia cordata powder and 75 vol.% ethanol solution were mixed at a ratio of 1 g: 10 mL, heated under reflux for 5 h, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated, concentrated, and dried by forced air (at 65 °C) to obtain Houttuynia cordata extract.

[0073] (3) During the slow growth period of young pecan fruits (early June to late June 2022), a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements, surface fungicide and systemic fungicide was sprayed on the pecan trees (covering the surface and inner branches and leaves of the canopy in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray cannon. The preparation method of the mixed preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of boric acid, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of thiophanate-methyl (surface fungicide) and 0.1 catties of carbendazim (systemic fungicide) to 100 catties of clean water, mix them evenly and the mixed preparation is obtained.

[0074] (4) During the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans (early July 2022), a compound nutrient preparation to promote photosynthesis was sprayed on the thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions) using a combination of drone and spray gun operation. The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.1 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 kg of potassium humate, 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1 catties of boric acid to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and the compound nutrient preparation is obtained.

[0075] (5) During the peak growth and filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruit (early August 2022), a combination of drone and spray cannon was used to spray photosynthesis-promoting and resistance-enhancing compound nutrient preparations on thin-shelled pecan trees (covering the surface of the canopy and the inner branches and leaves in all directions).

[0076] The preparation method of the compound nutrient preparation is as follows: add 0.1 catties of zinc sulfate, 0.1 catties of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 catties of potassium humate and 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 100 catties of clean water, mix evenly and the compound nutrient preparation is obtained.

[0077] (6) Carry out routine field management and do not use other pesticides for the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

[0078] The same management will be implemented in the same community from 2023 to 2025.

[0079] Example 1 After the harvest of thin-shelled pecans, the yield of dried pecan kernels (with a moisture content of about 7%) from 2022 to 2025 was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Table 1. Yield of thin-shelled pecans (kg / mu) The planting method of this invention can better provide the nutrition required for different developmental stages of thin-shelled pecan fruits and the nutritional needs throughout the entire growth period. The nutrient ratio is reasonable and the fertilizer utilization rate is high. Therefore, it can effectively solve the problems of severe alternate bearing and poor yield stability in thin-shelled pecans, achieve stable and high yields and increase income, and improve the economic benefits of thin-shelled pecan planting.

[0081] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield and income-increasing cultivation of thin-shelled pecans, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Apply a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide to the leaves of thin-shelled pecans during the early stage of leaf expansion and pollination. During the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans, spray again with a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements and systemic fungicide; Spray a mixture of boron trace elements, phosphorus and potassium elements, surface fungicide and systemic fungicide during the slow growth period of young thin-shelled pecan fruits. Spray a compound nutrient preparation to promote photosynthesis during the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans; Spray a compound nutrient preparation that promotes photosynthesis and enhances resistance during the peak growth and grain filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruits.

2. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed preparation sprayed before the leaf unfolding and pollination of thin-shelled pecans includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.5-2.5 parts carbendazim.

3. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mixed preparation sprayed before the leaf unfolding and pollination of thin-shelled pecans includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5-2.5 parts carbendazim, 0.8-1.2 parts houttuynia cordata extract and 0.8-1.2 parts grapevine extract.

4. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the houttuynia cordata extract includes the following steps: The houttuynia cordata and ethanol solution were mixed, heated under reflux for extraction, filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated, concentrated, and dried by forced air to obtain the houttuynia cordata extract.

5. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for preparing the grapevine extract includes the following steps: The grapevines were soaked in water and then heated to extract the extract. The extract was then filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain the grapevine extract.

6. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed preparation sprayed during the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 2-4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.8-1.2 parts carbendazim.

7. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mixed formulation sprayed during the pollination period of thin-shelled pecans includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 2-4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts carbendazim, and 0.8-1.2 parts houttuynia cordata extract.

8. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed preparation applied during the slow growth period of young thin-shelled pecan fruits includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts thiophanate-methyl, and 0.8-1.2 parts carbendazim.

9. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound nutrient preparation for promoting photosynthesis, which is sprayed during the fruit enlargement period of thin-shelled pecans, includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts zinc sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts potassium humate, 0.5-1.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.8-1.2 parts boron fertilizer.

10. The high-yield and income-increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A photosynthesis-promoting and resistance-enhancing compound nutrient preparation sprayed during the peak growth and grain-filling period of thin-shelled pecan fruits includes the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts zinc sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts magnesium sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts potassium humate, and 0.8-1.2 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

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