A cultivation method of wide-narrow row interplanting morus alba with morel

Abstract

The present application relates to edible mushroom cultivation technology field, disclose a kind of Morus garden wide and narrow row interplanting Morel cultivation method, can make full use of Morus garden winter idle wide row land resources, improve land multiple cropping index and comprehensive benefit;Including the following steps: selecting Morus garden and after silkworm season ends in autumn, Morus branch is handled, and thick and strong Morus branch is reserved as the framework of arched shed;With wide row as Morel cultivation bed, carry out land preparation and ridge and soil treatment;Arched shed is built using the thick and strong Morus branch reserved, and ridge surface micro-spraying belt or drip irrigation belt is laid;Seeding and nutrient bag placement are carried out;Mushroom management is carried out, and when air temperature rises to >8 DEG C, start to induce bud;In early February of next year, Morel matures successively, and Morel is harvested in batch mode, and after harvesting, clean up residual mushroom in time, and qualified product is graded and packaged or dried and processed;Morus branch is cut and Morus garden is restored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically, a cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards. Background Technology

[0002] Morel mushrooms are a rare edible and medicinal fungus with extremely high nutritional and economic value. Since China successfully cultivated morel mushrooms artificially in 2012, the industry has expanded rapidly. In 2024, China's morel mushroom production reached 244,800 tons, accounting for more than 99% of the global total.

[0003] Currently, morel cultivation mainly adopts exogenous nutrient bag technology, which includes steps such as autumn sowing, placing exogenous nutrient bags, winter mycelial growth management, and mushroom harvesting in the following spring.

[0004] The existing technology has the following problems: First, it wastes land resources. Traditional morel cultivation requires dedicated farmland and the planting plot needs to be changed every year, causing land resource shortages. Second, the facility cost is high. Traditional cultivation requires the construction of special greenhouses or shade houses, with material costs of about 2,000 to 5,000 yuan per mu. Third, continuous cropping obstacles are serious. The same plot will experience severe yield reduction or even crop failure in the third year of continuous planting. Fourth, mulberry orchards are idle in winter. Under the "6215" planting model, the wide rows of mulberry orchards are idle for a long time after the silkworm season in winter, resulting in low land resource utilization. Fifth, it is difficult to handle mulberry branches. Pruning mulberry trees produces a large number of branches, and traditional handling methods pollute the environment and waste resources. Sixth, there are problems with soil compaction and acidification in mulberry orchards. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers and rainwater leaching lead to soil compaction and hardening, aggravated acidification, nutrient imbalance, and reduced fertilizer effectiveness in mulberry orchards, which affect the development of mulberry tree roots and nutrient absorption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in mulberry orchards with wide and narrow rows. This method fully utilizes the idle wide-row land resources in mulberry orchards during winter, increasing the land multiple cropping index and overall benefits. It employs mulberry tree pruning to construct arched sheds on-site, reducing facility investment costs and realizing the resource utilization of mulberry branches. It leverages the seasonal complementarity between the mulberry tree leaf fall period and the morel mushroom mycelial growth period, as well as the natural shading effect after the mulberry leaves unfold in spring. Through the staggered cultivation of mulberry trees and morel mushrooms, it alleviates the obstacles of continuous cropping of morel mushrooms. It establishes a highly efficient double-cropping system in mulberry orchards, with silkworm rearing and mulberry harvesting in spring, summer, and autumn, and mushroom cultivation and harvesting in winter and spring. Through lime disinfection during morel mushroom cultivation, it simultaneously improves soil acidification and compaction in mulberry orchards, regulates soil pH, and promotes healthy mulberry tree growth.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Select a mulberry orchard and process the mulberry branches after the autumn silkworm season, reserving strong mulberry branches as the framework of the arched shed. The time is scheduled for late October of that year. Step S2: Prepare the land and make ridges and treat the soil for morel cultivation in wide rows in late October of the same year. Step S3: Construct arched sheds using the reserved sturdy mulberry branches, and lay micro-sprinkler tape or drip irrigation tape on the ridge surface to facilitate water management. The time is scheduled for late October of the same year. Step S4: Sow seeds and place nutrient bags, scheduled for early November of the same year; Step S5: Conduct mushroom production management, and start inducing bud formation when the temperature rises to >8℃, which is scheduled from mid-November of the current year to the end of January of the following year; Step S6, harvesting, is scheduled for early February of the following year.

[0007] In early February of the following year, as morel mushrooms mature, they are harvested in batches. After harvesting, any remaining mushrooms are promptly removed to obtain fresh, qualified products. These qualified fresh products are then graded, packaged, or dried for further processing. Specifically, similar to traditional cultivation techniques, morel mushrooms are generally harvested in three stages: the first harvest yields approximately 10% of the initial, emerging morel mushrooms; the second harvest yields approximately 80% of the mature morel mushrooms; and the final harvest yields approximately 10% of the final, terminal morel mushrooms. During harvesting, a sharp knife is used to cut the mushrooms from the base, avoiding damage to surrounding young mushrooms. After harvesting, any remaining mushrooms are promptly removed to prevent rotting and contamination. The fresh products are then graded, packaged, or dried for further processing.

[0008] Step S7, pruning of mulberry branches and restoration of the mulberry orchard, is scheduled for late February of the following year.

[0009] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: Step S1 specifically involves selecting mulberry orchards with trees aged 3 to 8 years, vigorous growth, and convenient irrigation and drainage. After the silkworm season ends in autumn (around late October), selectively prune the mulberry branches on both sides of the wide row. Only 1 to 2 robust mulberry branches near the wide row are retained on each mulberry tree as the framework for building the arched shed. All other thin and weak branches are removed. At the same time, weeds, fallen leaves, and debris are cleared from the ground of the wide row. The standard for robust mulberry branches is current-year mulberry branches with a diameter ≥ 1.5 cm, a length ≥ 2.5 m, and free from pests and diseases. These branches are located on the side near the wide row, making it easy to bend them towards the center of the wide row to build the arched shed.

[0010] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S2.1 After step 1), wide rows are used as the cultivation bed for morel mushrooms. Quicklime is evenly spread on the ground at a rate of 50-75 kg / mu to improve the soil pH value. After the morel mushrooms are harvested, the soil pH value can be finally adjusted to 6.8-7.5. Step S2.2: Then, in late October of that year, select a day to prepare the land. First, till the topsoil to a depth of 20-25cm using rotary tillage. After an interval of 2-3 days (d), till the land a second time, harrow and level it to ensure that the quicklime is fully mixed with the soil. Step S2.3: During or after leveling, leave an operating passage 0.2 to 0.3m wide (0.3m is preferred) in the center of the wide row. Make ridges on both sides, with a ridge width of 0.8 to 0.9m (0.9m is preferred for a standard 6-foot wide row). The ridge height is 15 to 20cm, and the ridge surface is turtle-back shaped, slightly higher in the middle and slightly lower on both sides. The ridge length depends on the length of the mulberry garden plot.

[0011] Turning over the mushroom bed and spreading quicklime has a dual technical effect: First, quicklime creates a highly alkaline environment when it comes into contact with water, killing pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the soil, thus creating a clean soil environment for morel mushroom growth; second, the calcium ions in quicklime combine with soil colloids to neutralize soil acidity, regulate the pH value of the mulberry orchard soil, improve the growth environment of mulberry tree roots, and promote the yield and quality of mulberry leaves.

[0012] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: In step S3, arched sheds are constructed using reserved robust mulberry branches, including the following specific steps: Step S3.1: Bend the thick mulberry branches retained on both sides of the wide row towards the center of the wide row, so that the branches on both sides meet above the wide row to form an arched framework; Step S3.2: At the top where the two thick mulberry branches meet, use self-locking plastic cable ties (preferably 24cm long and 0.5cm wide) to tie and secure them. Step S3.3: At the top, connect and reinforce all the arched frames by using the pruned thick mulberry branches (as beams and columns) to enhance the overall stability and wind resistance, forming an arched canopy. Since the unpruned thick mulberry branches are still on the tree, their bases are naturally connected to the trunk without needing to be inserted into the soil, making the arch structure more stable. In addition, the thick mulberry branches can still transport a small amount of nutrients through the bark before spring pruning, maintaining the toughness of the thick mulberry branches and reducing the risk of brittle breakage.

[0013] Step S3.4: Cover the arched greenhouse from top to bottom with a layer of 4-mil greenhouse film (the kind commonly used in vegetable greenhouses) and a layer of 3-needle or 4-needle shade netting (shading rate of 40%–50%). Seal the sides of the shade netting with soil. It should be noted that the greenhouse film and shade netting do not necessarily need to be covered immediately after the arched greenhouse is set up; they can also be covered after sowing and placing the nutrient bags.

[0014] The wide rows are used as the mushroom bed, and the thick mulberry branches retained on the mulberry trees on both sides are used as the arch frame. There is no need to cut them from the trees or insert them from the ground. Instead, the arch frame is built directly by utilizing the flexibility and natural growth state of the living mulberry branches.

[0015] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in mulberry gardens with wide and narrow rows as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: the span of the arched shed (generally 1.8~2.2m depending on the row width) is usually greater than the row width of the wide row, the arch height is 1.5~1.8m, and the spacing between adjacent arched frames is 60~80cm; due to terrain reasons, the width of some wide rows is less than 6 feet, so the span of the final arched shed will be about 1.8m.

[0016] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: Step S4 includes the following specific steps: Step S4.1: Use morel mushrooms or morel mushrooms as the cultivar, and sow by spot sowing or broadcasting. The sowing amount is 0.4-0.6 kg / m². The sowing time is best controlled between November 1 and November 10 of the same year, and can generally continue until November 30 of the same year. The latest time should not exceed December 5 of the same year. The later the time, the higher the risk of high temperature (>22℃) during the later growth period of the cultivar.

[0017] Step S4.2: Use a sterilized perforating plate to punch holes in one side of the exogenous nutrient bag, and place it with the perforated side facing down, close to the soil surface of the ridge.

[0018] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in mulberry gardens using a wide-narrow row system as described in this invention, the following configuration is adopted: the ingredients in the exogenous nutrient bag are formulated by weight as follows: 40-50 parts wheat grains, 30-40 parts corn cobs, 10-15 parts soil, 2-3 parts quicklime, and 1-2 parts gypsum, mixed with water to achieve a moisture content of 60%-65%.

[0019] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in mulberry orchards using a wide-narrow row system as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: When using spot sowing, place an appropriate amount of spawn at 30cm intervals, directly place the exogenous nutrient bags, and thoroughly water the soil to a depth of at least 15cm on the day after sowing; when using broadcast sowing, thoroughly water the soil to a depth of at least 15cm the day before sowing the spawn, and then directly broadcast the spawn onto the mushroom bed. The amount of spawn used for broadcast sowing is 3-4 times that used for spot sowing (generally, 4 times is preferred). Place the exogenous nutrient bags 7 days after sowing, with a density of 3 bags / m². 2 .

[0020] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: In step S5, when managing fruiting, one or more of the following measures are included: Water control measures: Maintain soil moisture content at 60%–70% and relative humidity at 85%–90%, ensuring no water accumulation on the seedbed; especially 40±2 days after sowing, water thoroughly for the second time, and do not water frequently during this period, as frequent watering can easily damage the mushroom tips, resulting in deformed or dead mushrooms. Temperature control measures: The temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 8-20℃, 8-13℃ during the primordia differentiation period, and 10-18℃ during the fruiting body growth period; Light control measures: As mulberry trees sprout and unfold their leaves in spring, they naturally create shade. The light intensity inside the arched greenhouse should be controlled at 500-1000 lux. If the light is too strong, a shade net can be added outside the arched greenhouse to achieve a shading rate of 40%-50%. Ventilation management measures: Maintain proper ventilation to prevent diseases caused by high humidity and stuffiness; Inspection measures: Regularly inspect the mushroom beds and promptly remove and dispose of any severely contaminated exogenous nutrient bags.

[0021] To further improve the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: Step S7 specifically involves: After the morel mushroom harvest, around late February, during the spring management period for mulberry trees, the shade netting, greenhouse film, and self-locking plastic ties of the arched shed should be removed promptly; the robust mulberry branches used to build the arched shed should be pruned from the base, retaining a 1-2 cm stump; the remaining mushroom residue, nutrient bags, and other waste on the bed surface should be cleaned up; the mushroom residue should be returned to the field on-site or composted and then returned to the field to replenish the organic matter in the mulberry orchard; at this time, since the quicklime applied in step S2 has fully reacted with the soil, the soil pH value in the mulberry orchard can be stably increased, creating a more suitable soil environment for the growth of mulberry trees during the spring silkworm rearing period. The mulberry orchard then transitions to regular mulberry tree management, without affecting spring silkworm rearing.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention innovates the arch frame structure of a mulberry tree using living branches. For the first time, robust mulberry branches retained on the tree are directly used as the arch frame, eliminating the need for pruning or planting them in the soil. Utilizing the natural resilience of the living branches and the strong connection to the trunk at the base, a stable arch structure is formed. Compared to traditional arches inserted into the ground, the mulberry branch arch frame offers stronger wind resistance, reducing the likelihood of branch displacement or toppling. Furthermore, before spring pruning, the branches can still transport a small amount of nutrients through the bark, maintaining their resilience and reducing the risk of breakage.

[0023] This invention achieves innovative resource utilization of mulberry branches. Only 1-2 robust branches are retained from each mulberry tree to form the framework of the arched shed, while all other weak branches are pruned. This satisfies the needs of the arched shed construction and also completes the winter pruning of the mulberry trees, achieving two goals at once. It eliminates the need for purchasing traditional bamboo poles and steel pipes, saving approximately 1500-3000 yuan per acre in facility investment. It also solves the problems of pollution from burning mulberry branches or land occupation from piling them up.

[0024] This invention achieves a synergistic innovation in lime disinfection and soil improvement. Applying quicklime before sowing morel mushrooms not only disinfects the soil and kills pathogens, but also simultaneously regulates the soil pH, improving soil acidification in mulberry orchards. This synergistic effect creates a positive interaction between morel cultivation and mulberry tree growth; the soil in the mulberry orchard after morel harvest is more suitable for mulberry tree growth, increasing mulberry leaf yield by 5% to 15%.

[0025] This invention achieves innovative spatiotemporal staggered cultivation, implementing a two-crop-a-year system of "silkworm rearing and mulberry harvesting in spring, summer, and autumn, and mushroom cultivation and harvesting in winter and spring." It fully utilizes the 3-4 month winter dormancy period of the mulberry orchard and avoids competition for sunlight, water, and nutrients with the mulberry trees during their growing season.

[0026] This invention innovatively alleviates the obstacles of continuous cropping. It utilizes only one crop per year, eliminating continuous planting. Returning the fungal residue to the field improves the soil structure of the mulberry orchard. Mulberry root exudates may antagonize or degrade the autotoxic substances of morel mushrooms.

[0027] The comprehensive net income per mu of mulberry orchard intercropping according to this invention is 10,000 to 25,000 yuan, including the original income of the mulberry orchard and the income from increased mulberry leaf production due to soil improvement.

[0028] This invention reduces the burning of mulberry branches, thereby lowering carbon emissions and air pollution. Returning the mushroom residue to the field increases soil organic matter and reduces fertilizer use. It increases the land multiple cropping index, improving land productivity by 80%–150%. Quicklime disinfection replaces chemical pesticides, reducing pesticide residues. It improves soil acidification, enhances soil calcium nutrition, and promotes mulberry root development. It aligns with the concepts of circular agriculture and ecological agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 These are on-site photos of the arched shed described in this invention.

[0030] Figure 2These are on-site photos of the arched shed described in this invention (showing the condition of the greenhouse film and shade netting). Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to represent selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0034] The overall technical concept of this invention is as follows: Based on the "6215" planting pattern in mulberry orchards, which consists of 6-foot (approximately 2m) wide rows, 2-foot (approximately 0.67m) narrow rows, and 1.5-foot (approximately 0.5m) plant spacing, not all wide rows can meet the 6-foot requirement due to site constraints; some wide rows will be less than 6 feet. Taking advantage of the idle period in late October after the silkworm season, the wide rows are used as cultivation beds for morel mushrooms. The robust mulberry branches retained on both sides of the wide rows serve as the framework for arched sheds, secured with self-locking plastic cable ties. First, a 4-thread greenhouse film is laid, followed by a 3-needle or 4-needle dense shade net. Morel mushrooms are intercropped between the wide rows. After the morel mushroom harvest in late February of the following year, the robust mulberry branches used to build the arched sheds are pruned without affecting the normal growth of the mulberry trees or silkworm rearing in summer and autumn. During morel cultivation, applying quicklime to disinfect the soil can kill soil pathogens, prevent soil-borne diseases of morels, and effectively regulate the pH value of the mulberry orchard soil, achieving multiple benefits in one fell swoop.

[0035] Example 1: This invention designs a cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in mulberry orchards using both wide and narrow rows. This method fully utilizes the idle wide-row land resources in mulberry orchards during winter, increasing the land's multiple cropping index and overall benefits. It employs mulberry tree pruning to construct arched sheds on-site, reducing facility investment costs and realizing the resource utilization of mulberry branches. It leverages the seasonal complementarity between the mulberry tree's leaf-fall period and the morel mushroom's mycelial growth period, as well as the natural shading effect after the mulberry leaves unfold in spring. Through the staggered cultivation of mulberry trees and morel mushrooms, it alleviates the obstacles of continuous cropping of morel mushrooms. It establishes a highly efficient double-cropping system in mulberry orchards: "silkworm rearing and mulberry harvesting in spring, summer, and autumn; mushroom cultivation and harvesting in winter and spring." The method also uses lime disinfection during morel mushroom cultivation to adjust the soil pH value in the mulberry orchard, promoting healthy mulberry tree growth. The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Select a mulberry orchard and process the mulberry branches after the autumn silkworm season, reserving strong mulberry branches as the framework of the arched shed. The time is scheduled for late October of that year. Step S2: Prepare the land and make ridges and treat the soil for morel cultivation in wide rows in late October of the same year. Step S3: Construct arched sheds using the reserved sturdy mulberry branches, and lay micro-sprinkler tape or drip irrigation tape on the ridge surface to facilitate water management. The time is scheduled for late October of the same year. Step S4: Sow seeds and place nutrient bags, scheduled for early November of the same year; Step S5: Conduct mushroom production management, and start inducing bud formation when the temperature rises to >8℃, which is scheduled from mid-November of the current year to the end of January of the following year; Step S6, harvesting, is scheduled for early February of the following year.

[0036] In early February of the following year, as morel mushrooms mature, they are harvested in batches. After harvesting, any remaining mushrooms are promptly removed to obtain fresh, qualified products. These qualified fresh products are then graded, packaged, or dried for further processing. Specifically, similar to traditional cultivation techniques, morel mushrooms are generally harvested in three stages: the first harvest yields approximately 10% of the initial, emerging morel mushrooms; the second harvest yields approximately 80% of the mature morel mushrooms; and the final harvest yields approximately 10% of the final, terminal morel mushrooms. During harvesting, a sharp knife is used to cut the mushrooms from the base, avoiding damage to surrounding young mushrooms. After harvesting, any remaining mushrooms are promptly removed to prevent rotting and contamination. The fresh products are then graded, packaged, or dried for further processing.

[0037] Step S7, pruning of mulberry branches and restoration of the mulberry orchard, is scheduled for late February of the following year.

[0038] Example 2: This embodiment is a further optimization based on the above embodiment. The parts that are the same as those in the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. In order to better realize the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry gardens as described in this invention, the following setting method is adopted: Step S1 is specifically as follows: Select mulberry gardens with trees aged 3 to 8 years, vigorous trees, and convenient irrigation and drainage. After the silkworm season in autumn (around late October), selectively prune the mulberry branches on both sides of the wide row. Only 1 to 2 strong mulberry branches close to the wide row side are retained on each mulberry tree as the framework for building the arched shed. All other thin and weak branches are cut off. At the same time, weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches and other foreign objects on the ground of the wide row are removed. The standard for strong mulberry branches is that they are current-year mulberry branches with a diameter ≥1.5 cm, a length ≥2.5 m, and free from diseases and pests. These mulberry branches are located on the side close to the wide row, which is convenient for bending towards the center of the wide row to build the arched shed.

[0039] Example 3: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts identical to the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. Furthermore, to better realize the cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards according to the present invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S2.1 After step 1), wide rows are used as the cultivation bed for morel mushrooms. Quicklime is evenly spread on the ground at a rate of 50-75 kg / mu to improve the soil pH value. After the morel mushrooms are harvested, the soil pH value can be finally adjusted to 6.8-7.5. Step S2.2: After that, in late October of that year, select a day to prepare the land. First, till the topsoil to a depth of 20-25cm by rotary tilling. After an interval of 2-3 days (d), till the land a second time, harrow and level it to ensure that the quicklime is fully mixed with the soil. Step S2.3: During or after leveling, leave an operating passage 0.2 to 0.3m wide (0.3m is preferred) in the center of the wide row. Make ridges on both sides, with a ridge width of 0.8 to 0.9m (0.9m is preferred for a standard 6-foot wide row). The ridge height is 15 to 20cm, and the ridge surface is turtle-back shaped, slightly higher in the middle and slightly lower on both sides. The ridge length depends on the length of the mulberry garden plot.

[0040] Turning over the mushroom bed and spreading quicklime has a dual technical effect: First, quicklime creates a highly alkaline environment when it comes into contact with water, killing pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the soil, thus creating a clean soil environment for morel mushroom growth; second, the calcium ions in quicklime combine with soil colloids to neutralize soil acidity, regulate the pH value of the mulberry orchard soil, improve the growth environment of mulberry tree roots, and promote the yield and quality of mulberry leaves.

[0041] Example 4: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts identical to the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. Furthermore, to better realize the cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: In step S3, the arched shed is constructed using reserved robust mulberry branches, including the following specific steps: Step S3.1: Bend the thick mulberry branches retained on both sides of the wide row towards the center of the wide row, so that the branches on both sides meet above the wide row to form an arched framework; Step S3.2: At the top where the two thick mulberry branches meet, use self-locking plastic cable ties (preferably 24cm long and 0.5cm wide) to tie and secure them. Step S3.3: At the top, connect and reinforce all the arched frames by using the pruned thick mulberry branches (as beams and columns) to enhance the overall stability and wind resistance, forming an arched canopy. Since the unpruned thick mulberry branches are still on the tree, their bases are naturally connected to the trunk without needing to be inserted into the soil, making the arch structure more stable. In addition, the thick mulberry branches can still transport a small amount of nutrients through the bark before spring pruning, maintaining the toughness of the thick mulberry branches and reducing the risk of brittle breakage.

[0042] Step S3.4: Cover the top of the arched shed with a layer of 4-wire greenhouse film (the kind commonly used in vegetable greenhouses) and a layer of 3-needle or 4-needle shade netting (shading rate of 40% to 50%) from bottom to top. Seal the sides of the shade netting with soil.

[0043] The wide rows are used as the mushroom bed, and the thick mulberry branches retained on the mulberry trees on both sides are used as the arch frame. There is no need to cut them from the trees or insert them from the ground. Instead, the arch frame is built directly by utilizing the flexibility and natural growth state of the living mulberry branches.

[0044] Example 5: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts that are the same as those in the foregoing technical solutions will not be repeated here. In order to better realize the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry gardens as described in this invention, the following setting is adopted: the span of the arched shed (generally 1.8~2.2m depending on the row width) is usually greater than the row width of the wide row, the arch height is 1.5~1.8m, and the spacing between adjacent arched frames is 60~80cm; due to the terrain, the width of some wide rows is less than 6 feet, so the span of the final arched shed will be about 1.8m.

[0045] Example 6: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts identical to the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. Furthermore, to better realize the cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards according to the present invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: Step S4 includes the following specific steps: Step S4.1: Use morel mushrooms or morel mushrooms as the cultivar, and sow by spot sowing or broadcasting. The sowing amount is 0.4-0.6 kg / m². The sowing time is best controlled between November 1 and November 10 of the same year, and can generally continue until November 30 of the same year. The latest time should not exceed December 5 of the same year. The later the time, the higher the risk of high temperature (>22℃) during the later growth period of the cultivar.

[0046] Step S4.2: Use a sterilized perforating plate to punch holes in one side of the exogenous nutrient bag, and place it with the perforated side facing down, close to the soil surface of the ridge.

[0047] Example 7: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts that are the same as those in the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. In order to better realize the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry gardens as described in this invention, the following setting method is adopted: the ingredients in the exogenous nutrient bag are formulated by weight as follows: 40-50 parts wheat grains, 30-40 parts corn cobs, 10-15 parts soil, 2-3 parts quicklime, and 1-2 parts gypsum, mixed with water to make the moisture content 60%-65%.

[0048] Example 8: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts identical to the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. To further better realize the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: When using spot sowing, place an appropriate amount of spawn at 30cm intervals, directly place the exogenous nutrient bags, and thoroughly water the soil to a depth of at least 15cm on the day after sowing the spawn; when using broadcast sowing, thoroughly water the soil to a depth of at least 15cm the day before sowing the spawn, and then directly broadcast the spawn onto the mushroom bed. The amount of spawn used for broadcast sowing is 3-4 times that of spot sowing (generally preferably 4 times). Place the exogenous nutrient bags 7 days after sowing, with a density of 3 bags / m². 2 .

[0049] Example 9: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts identical to the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. Furthermore, to better realize the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards according to the present invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: In step S5, when performing fruiting management, one or more of the following measures are included: Water control measures: Maintain soil moisture content at 60%–70% and relative humidity at 85%–90%, ensuring no water accumulation on the seedbed; especially 40±2 days after sowing, water thoroughly for the second time, and do not water frequently during this period, as frequent watering can easily damage the mushroom tips, resulting in deformed or dead mushrooms. Temperature control measures: The temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 8-20℃, 8-13℃ during the primordia differentiation period, and 10-18℃ during the fruiting body growth period; Light control measures: As mulberry trees sprout and unfold their leaves in spring, they naturally create shade. The light intensity inside the arched greenhouse should be controlled at 500-1000 lux. If the light is too strong, a shade net can be added outside the arched greenhouse to achieve a shading rate of 40%-50%. Ventilation management measures: Maintain proper ventilation to prevent diseases caused by high humidity and stuffiness; Inspection measures: Regularly inspect the mushroom beds and promptly remove and dispose of any severely contaminated exogenous nutrient bags.

[0050] Example 10: This embodiment is a further optimization based on any of the above embodiments. The parts identical to the aforementioned technical solutions will not be repeated here. To further better realize the cultivation method of intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in mulberry orchards as described in this invention, the following setup is specifically adopted: Step S7 specifically involves: After the morel mushroom harvest, around late February, during the spring management period for mulberry trees, the shade netting, greenhouse film, and self-locking plastic ties of the arched shed should be removed promptly; the robust mulberry branches used to build the arched shed should be pruned from the base, retaining a 1-2 cm stump; the remaining mushroom residue, nutrient bags, and other waste on the bed surface should be cleaned up; the mushroom residue should be returned to the field on-site or composted and then returned to the field to replenish the organic matter in the mulberry orchard; at this time, because the quicklime applied in step S2 has fully reacted with the soil, the pH value of the mulberry orchard soil can be stably increased, creating a more suitable soil environment for the growth of mulberry trees during the spring silkworm rearing period. The mulberry orchard then transitions to regular mulberry tree management, without affecting spring silkworm rearing.

[0051] The facility cost for traditional field cultivation is 2000-5000 yuan / mu, while the facility cost for intercropping mulberry orchards according to this invention is only 800-1500 yuan / mu, mainly for greenhouse film, shade nets, and self-locking plastic ties. Traditional field cultivation requires renting or occupying dedicated farmland, while this invention utilizes idle and wide rows in mulberry orchards, eliminating additional land costs. This invention can also save 200-500 yuan / mu in mulberry branch processing costs. The yield of morel mushrooms in traditional field cultivation is 300-600 kg / mu, while the yield of intercropping mulberry orchards according to this invention is conservatively estimated at 200-400 kg / mu. The original income of mulberry orchards in traditional field cultivation is zero, while the original income of mulberry orchards according to this invention remains unchanged, including mulberry leaves and mulberries. Due to the improvement of soil pH by lime, the yield of mulberry leaves can be increased by 5%-15%, which, based on a yield value of 4000 yuan per mu of mulberry leaves, can generate an additional income of 200-600 yuan. The total net income per mu of traditional field cultivation is 5,000 to 15,000 yuan, while the total net income per mu of mulberry orchard intercropping according to this invention is 10,000 to 25,000 yuan, including the original income of the mulberry orchard and the income from increased mulberry leaf production due to soil improvement.

[0052] Example 11: To verify the invention, during the research and development period, the applicant used a mulberry garden in the hilly area of ​​the Sichuan Basin as an experimental base and adopted the invention for intercropping morel mushrooms.

[0053] The location is a silkworm breeding base in Nanchong City, Sichuan Province. The mulberry trees are 5 years old, planted using the "6215" planting pattern, covering an area of ​​2 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The variety is *Morchella esculenta*. The planting period is from October 2023 to February 2024. The initial soil pH was 5.6, indicating acidity.

[0054] The operating steps are as follows: On October 25th, at the end of the autumn silkworm season, selectively prune the mulberry trees on both sides of the wide rows. For each tree, retain 1-2 robust mulberry branches close to the wide row, with a diameter of 1.5-2.5cm and a length of 2.5-3.0m. Remove all other weak branches. On October 28th, using the wide rows as the mushroom bed, apply 60kg / mu of quicklime and till the soil to a depth of 20cm for the first time. On October 31st, till the soil a second time, harrowing and leveling it. Leave a 0.3m passageway in the center, and create raised beds on both sides, 0.8m wide and 18cm high. On November 3rd, bend the retained mulberry branches on both sides of the wide rows towards the center, creating an arch height of 1.6m with an arched frame spacing of 70cm. Secure the arch at the top using self-locking plastic ties (24cm long, 0.5cm wide). First, cover with a 4-mil greenhouse film, then cover with a 3-needle dense shade net, achieving a 45% shading rate. On November 5th, the inoculum was placed in exogenous nutrient bags at 30cm intervals using a spot-sowing method. The soil was thoroughly watered to a depth of at least 15cm on the same day, with a sowing rate of 0.5kg / m². On December 15th (approximately 40 days after sowing), a second thorough watering was conducted. Regular inspections were conducted during this period, and any contaminated nutrient bags were promptly removed. On January 10th, as temperatures rose, primordia development began, maintaining a soil moisture content of 65% and a relative humidity of 88%. From January 20th to February 5th, primordia formed extensively; the temperature inside the greenhouse was maintained at 10-16℃. Harvesting began on February 8th, completed in three batches, yielding approximately 320kg / mu of fresh mushrooms. Harvesting concluded on February 20th. The greenhouse film, shade netting, and binding straps were removed. The mulberry branches in the arched greenhouse were pruned from the base, leaving a 1-2cm stump, and the mushroom residue was cleaned up and returned to the field. On March 1, the soil pH was measured at 6.8, an increase of 1.2 units from the initial value and 0.6 units from before sowing.

[0055] The result was a fresh morel mushroom yield of 320 kg / mu, with a market price of 50 yuan / kg, yielding a value of 16,000 yuan / mu. After deducting costs of approximately 5,500 yuan for mushroom spawn, nutrient bags, greenhouse film, shade netting, and ties, the net profit per mu was 10,500 yuan. The original mulberry leaf income was approximately 4,000 yuan / mu. Due to improved soil pH, mulberry leaf yield increased by about 10%, resulting in an additional income of 400 yuan. The total profit per mu was 14,900 yuan, a 273% increase compared to a monoculture mulberry orchard.

[0056] Example 12: To verify this invention, during the research and development period, the applicant used the hilly mulberry garden in Lezhi, Sichuan as an experimental base and adopted this invention for intercropping morel mushrooms.

[0057] The location is the Sericulture Industrial Park in Lezhi County, Sichuan Province. The mulberry trees are 6 years old, planted using the "6215" planting pattern, covering an area of ​​13 mu (approximately 1.2 hectares). The variety is *Morchella tessmannii*. The planting period is from October 2025 to February 2026. The initial soil pH is 5.8.

[0058] The operating steps are the same as in Example 11, with minor adjustments based on local climate. Retain 1-2 robust mulberry branches per plant. The arch height is 1.7m, with a spacing of 75cm between arch branches. Use a 4-needle shade net with a 50% shading rate. Apply 55kg / mu of quicklime. Sow by broadcasting. Water thoroughly one day before sowing. Sow at a rate of 0.6kg / m². Place exogenous nutrient bags 7 days after sowing. Ensure the soil pH reaches 6.0 before sowing and 6.6 after harvest.

[0059] The results showed a fresh morel mushroom yield of 260 kg / mu, with a yield value of 13,000 yuan / mu and a net income of approximately 8,500 yuan / mu. Mulberry leaf yield increased by about 8%, generating an additional income of 320 yuan. The total income per mu was 12,820 yuan.

[0060] Figure 1 The photos shown are actual pictures of the arched shed after it was further reinforced with thick mulberry branches as beams and columns.

[0061] Figure 2 The photos shown are actual pictures of the mushroom bed covered with greenhouse film and shade netting, and exogenous nutrient bags have been placed on the mushroom bed.

[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Select a mulberry orchard and process the mulberry branches after the autumn silkworm season, reserving strong mulberry branches as the framework of the arched shed; Step S2: Using wide rows as the cultivation bed for morel mushrooms, prepare the land, make ridges, and treat the soil. Step S3: Construct arched sheds using the reserved sturdy mulberry branches, and lay micro-sprinkler tape or drip irrigation tape on the ridge surface; Step S4: Sow seeds and place nutrient bags; Step S5: Perform mushroom production management, and start inducing bud formation when the temperature rises to >8℃; Step S6: In early February of the following year, when morel mushrooms mature one after another, morel mushrooms are harvested in batches. After harvesting, residual mushrooms are cleaned up in time, and qualified products are graded, packaged, or dried and processed. Step S7: Pruning mulberry branches and restoring the mulberry orchard.

2. The cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically involves selecting mulberry orchards with trees aged 3 to 8 years, vigorous growth, and convenient irrigation and drainage. After the silkworm season ends in autumn, prune the mulberry branches on both sides of the wide row, retaining only 1 to 2 robust mulberry branches on each tree near the wide row as the framework for the subsequent construction of the arched shed. At the same time, remove weeds, fallen leaves, and dead branches from the ground of the wide row. The standard for robust mulberry branches is that they are current-year mulberry branches with a diameter ≥ 1.5 cm, a length ≥ 2.5 m, and free from diseases and pests.

3. The cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S2.1: After step 1), use wide rows as the cultivation bed for morel mushrooms, and evenly spread quicklime on the ground at a rate of 50-75 kg / mu. Step S2.2: After that, till the topsoil to a depth of 20-25cm for the first time, and till it a second time after an interval of 2-3 days. Rake it finely and level it to make the quicklime fully mixed with the soil. Step S2.3: Leveling. At the same time or after or before, leave an operation passage 0.2 to 0.3m wide in the center of the wide row, and make ridges on both sides. The ridges are 0.8 to 0.9m wide and 15 to 20cm high. The ridge surface is turtle-back shaped, slightly higher in the middle and slightly lower on both sides. The length of the ridge depends on the length of the mulberry garden plot.

4. The cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the arched shed is constructed using the reserved sturdy mulberry branches, which includes the following specific steps: Step S3.1: Bend the thick mulberry branches retained on both sides of the wide row towards the center of the wide row, so that the branches on both sides meet above the wide row to form an arched framework; Step S3.2: Secure the top of the intersection of the two thick mulberry branches using self-locking plastic cable ties; Step S3.3: Connect and reinforce all the arched frames at the top using the cut thick mulberry branches to form an arched shed; Step S3.4: Cover the top of the arched shed with a layer of 4-wire greenhouse film and a layer of 3-needle or 4-needle dense shade netting from bottom to top. Seal the sides of the shade netting with soil.

5. A cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 4, characterized in that: The arch height of the arched shed is 1.5~1.8m, and the spacing between adjacent arched frames is 60~80cm.

6. The cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 includes the following specific steps: Step S4.1: Use morel mushrooms or morel mushrooms as the cultivar, and sow them by spot sowing or broadcasting. Step S4.2: Use a sterilized perforating plate to punch holes in one side of the exogenous nutrient bag, and place it with the perforated side facing down, close to the soil surface of the ridge.

7. A cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ingredients in the exogenous nutrient bag, by weight, are: 40-50 parts wheat grains, 30-40 parts corn cobs, 10-15 parts soil, 2-3 parts quicklime, and 1-2 parts gypsum, mixed with water to achieve a moisture content of 60%-65%.

8. A cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 6, characterized in that: When using spot sowing, place an appropriate amount of spawn at 30cm intervals in the exogenous nutrient bags. Water thoroughly on the same day after sowing, ensuring the soil is moistened to a depth of at least 15cm. When using broadcast sowing, water thoroughly to a depth of at least 15cm the day before sowing, then directly broadcast the spawn onto the mushroom bed. The amount of spawn used for broadcast sowing is 3-4 times that used for spot sowing. Place the exogenous nutrient bags 7 days after sowing, at a density of 3 bags / m². 2 .

9. A cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when managing fruit production, one or more of the following measures are included: Water management measures: Maintain soil moisture content at 60%–70% and relative humidity at 85%–90%, ensuring no waterlogging on the seedbed; water thoroughly a second time 40±2 days after sowing, and avoid frequent watering during this period. Temperature control measures: The temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 8-20℃, 8-13℃ during the primordia differentiation period, and 10-18℃ during the fruiting body growth period; Light control measures: As mulberry trees sprout and unfold their leaves in spring, they naturally create shade. The light intensity inside the arched greenhouse is controlled at 500-1000 lux. If the light is too strong, a shade net is added outside the arched greenhouse to achieve a shading rate of 40%-50%. Ventilation management measures: Maintain adequate ventilation; Inspection measures: Conduct irregular inspections of the mushroom beds, and promptly remove and dispose of any severely contaminated exogenous nutrient bags.

10. A cultivation method for intercropping morel mushrooms in wide and narrow rows in a mulberry orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S7 specifically involves: after the morel mushroom harvest, promptly remove the shade netting, greenhouse film, and self-locking plastic ties from the arched shed; cut the robust mulberry branches that formed the arched shed from the base, leaving a 1-2cm stump; clean up the remaining mushroom residue and nutrient bags on the ridge surface; return the mushroom residue to the field on-site or compost it in a centralized manner before returning it to the field; and transfer the mulberry orchard to regular mulberry tree management.

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