Mushroom planting method based on reusable planting frame

Abstract

The application provides a mushroom planting method based on a reusable planting frame and relates to the technical field of mushroom planting. The reusable mushroom planting frame comprises a planting frame body, a breathable mesh plate, a folding door, a side wing mesh plate, a water tank, a fixing frame, a planting table, a watering rack, a water permeable pipe, an atomizing nozzle, a water-absorbing cotton body, a temperature and humidity monitoring unit, a control unit, an illumination adjusting unit and an atomizing driving unit. The planting frame body is a rectangular frame structure with an open top. The breathable mesh plate is arranged at the open top of the planting frame body. The folding door is hinged to the front side of the planting frame body. The side wing mesh plate is arranged at the middle sections of the left and right side walls of the planting frame body. Through the reusable planting frame and the atomizing moisturizing, highly adjustable and intelligent control design, the effects of reducing plastic waste, improving humidity uniformity, improving space utilization and simplifying operation are achieved, and green, high-quality and high-yield mushroom planting is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mushroom cultivation technology, specifically a mushroom cultivation method based on a reusable cultivation frame. Background Technology

[0002] Edible fungi are one of my country's important agricultural economic crops. Rich in protein, amino acids, polysaccharides, and other nutrients, they possess both edible and medicinal value, making them highly popular among consumers. In recent years, with the increasing awareness of healthy eating and the upgrading of consumption patterns, my country's edible fungi industry has continued to develop rapidly, with annual production exceeding 40 million tons, accounting for more than 70% of global production, and its industry scale ranking first in the world. Edible fungi cultivation methods are also gradually transforming from traditional scattered cultivation by individual farmers to factory-style, standardized, and intelligent practices. At the same time, emerging models such as small-scale family cultivation and balcony planting are gradually rising, placing higher demands on the convenience and operability of cultivation equipment.

[0003] Currently, whether in factory production or home cultivation, mushroom cultivation mostly uses disposable containers such as plastic bags and bottles as cultivation media. This cultivation method has many problems in practical application, specifically in the following aspects: First, disposable cultivation containers cause serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. The plastic bags and bottles used in traditional mushroom cultivation are mostly made of polyethylene or polypropylene, which are often discarded directly after use and are difficult to degrade naturally.

[0004] Secondly, existing cultivation equipment suffers from low precision and poor uniformity in humidity control, impacting mushroom quality and yield. Humidity is a critical environmental factor for mushroom growth and development; different varieties and growth stages have significantly different humidity requirements, which need to be kept relatively stable. Current cultivation methods for maintaining humidity are rather crude. Factory-style mushroom houses often use top spraying or ground sprinkling to increase humidity, while home cultivation equipment typically uses manual spraying or bottom immersion. These methods generally suffer from uneven humidity distribution, with excessively high humidity near water sources and insufficient humidity further away, leading to uneven mushroom growth within the same cultivation area and a decreased marketability. Furthermore, the strong impact of water droplets generated by traditional spraying methods can easily damage young mushrooms and caps, and may also cause localized water accumulation, leading to bacterial diseases such as mushroom rot and spot disease, severely affecting product quality and cultivation efficiency. Simultaneously, most existing equipment lacks precise humidity monitoring and automatic control mechanisms, relying on manual experience, resulting in delayed and insufficient precision, failing to meet the demands of refined mushroom cultivation.

[0005] Thirdly, the utilization rate of planting space is low, and the fixed and unadjustable spacing between layers makes it impossible to flexibly adapt to different varieties and growth stages. To increase yield per unit area, factory-style mushroom houses and multi-layer planting racks are widely used. However, existing rack structures are mostly fixed designs, with the layer spacing determined during installation, making it impossible to adjust according to the growth height of different mushroom varieties. Different varieties of mushrooms have significantly different fruiting body heights; for example, oyster mushrooms and enoki mushrooms have taller fruiting bodies, while shiitake mushrooms and king oyster mushrooms have relatively shorter ones. Fixed layer spacing makes it difficult to accommodate the space requirements of different varieties. If the layer spacing is too large, it wastes space and reduces planting density; if the layer spacing is too small, taller varieties will not have enough space to grow, and their caps may easily touch the upper racks, causing deformities. Furthermore, the space requirements of the same variety vary at different growth stages; less space is needed during the mycelial growth stage, and more space is needed during the fruiting stage. Fixed structures cannot achieve dynamic adjustments, making it difficult to achieve optimal space utilization. For home growers, fixed racks also present problems such as inconvenient storage and large space occupation.

[0006] Finally, the operation of cultivation equipment is cumbersome, with low levels of automation, making it difficult for ordinary users to cultivate mushrooms. Existing mushroom cultivation equipment is mostly designed for professional growers, with complex operating procedures requiring a certain level of professional knowledge and experience to achieve good results. For home growers, every step, from strain selection and culture medium preparation to temperature and humidity management and harvesting, requires learning and experimentation, making the process quite challenging. Particularly in terms of environmental parameter control, most small cultivation devices lack an integrated control interface; each functional module operates independently, requiring users to adjust lighting, ventilation, humidification, and other equipment separately, making operation cumbersome and difficult to coordinate. Furthermore, removing or placing culture medium and harvesting mushrooms often requires opening the entire lid or moving the upper shelf, which is inconvenient and easily disturbs the internal environment, affecting the normal growth of the mushrooms. These problems result in a generally low success rate for home cultivation, impacting the user's experience and enthusiasm, and hindering the widespread adoption of home mushroom cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a mushroom cultivation method based on reusable planting frames, which solves the problems of waste and pollution from disposable containers, uneven and inaccurate humidity control, low space utilization, cumbersome operation, and low level of intelligence in existing mushroom cultivation devices.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a reusable mushroom cultivation frame, comprising a cultivation frame body, a breathable mesh panel, a folding door, side wing mesh panels, a water trough, a fixing frame, a cultivation platform, a watering rack, a water-permeable pipe, an atomizing nozzle, a water-absorbing cotton body, and a temperature and humidity monitoring unit, a control unit, a light adjustment unit, and an atomization drive unit. The cultivation frame body is a rectangular frame structure with an open top. The breathable mesh panel is disposed at the top opening of the cultivation frame body. The folding door is hinged to the front side of the cultivation frame body. The side wing mesh panels are disposed in the middle section of the left and right side walls of the cultivation frame body. The water trough is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the planting frame body, the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inner walls on the left and right sides of the water trough, and the planting platform is mounted on the fixing frame. The water sprinkler frame is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the water trough, and the absorbent cotton body is filled at the bottom of the inner wall of the water sprinkler frame. The water permeable pipes are respectively located on the left and right inner walls of the water sprinkler frame, and several atomizing nozzles are arranged on the outer side of each water permeable pipe, with the atomizing nozzles on both sides arranged opposite each other. The temperature and humidity monitoring unit is located inside the planting frame body, the control unit is located at the front top of the planting frame body, the light adjustment unit is located at the top of the inner wall of the planting frame body, the atomization drive unit is connected to the water permeable pipe, and the temperature and humidity monitoring unit, the light adjustment unit, and the atomization drive unit are electrically connected to the control unit.

[0009] Preferably, a support plate is fixedly connected to each of the four corners of the top of the planting platform. A lifting shell is fitted on the outer wall of the top of the support plate. A pressing block is slidably connected to the outer wall of the lifting shell by a spring. A toothed plate is provided on the inner wall of the support plate. The inner end of the pressing block abuts against the toothed groove of the toothed plate. Each of the four corners of the bottom of the planting platform is fixedly connected with a foot plate. The size of the foot plate is adapted to the top opening of the lifting shell. The foot plate of the upper planting platform can be fitted onto the top of the lifting shell of the lower planting platform to achieve multi-layer stacking.

[0010] Preferably, the planting platform is fitted with an intercepting net for laying the cultivation soil culture medium. Several water-retaining adhesive strips are provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the planting platform. The water-retaining adhesive strips are evenly distributed along the length of the planting platform to absorb excess water seeping out of the cultivation soil. Multiple through holes are provided on the side wall of the planting platform to drain excess water in the planting platform into the water tank below.

[0011] Preferably, the light adjustment unit includes multiple LED lamp holders, which are evenly distributed along the top of the inner wall of the planting frame body. The light-emitting surface of the LED lamp holders faces the planting table. The spectral range of the LED lamp holders is 400-700nm, of which blue light accounts for 15%-25% and red light accounts for 75%-85%. The folding door is a double-opening folding structure. The side of the folding door is hinged to the planting frame body. A magnetic fastener is provided in the middle of the folding door.

[0012] A method for cultivating mushrooms based on reusable planting frames includes the following steps: Step S1, Planting Frame Assembly and Sterilization: After assembling all the components of the planting frame, perform high-temperature steam sterilization. Step S2, Adjusting the height of the planting platform: Adjust the height of the planting platform according to the growth space requirements of the mushroom variety to be planted; Step S3, Culture medium preparation and laying steps: After preparing and sterilizing the mushroom culture medium, spread it evenly on the interception net of the planting platform; Step S4, Inoculation and Mycelium Growth Management: Inoculate the culture medium with the mycelium and control the temperature and ventilation conditions for mycelium growth. Step S5, Atomized Moisturizing Management during the Fruiting Period: After entering the fruiting period, water in the water tank is transported to the atomizing nozzle through the absorbent cotton body and the water-permeable pipe for atomized water spraying and moisturizing. Step S6, Harvesting and Cleaning for Reuse: Harvest the mushrooms after they mature. After harvesting, clean and disinfect the planting frames to prepare for the next round of planting.

[0013] Preferably, the planting platform height adjustment step in step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Press the pressing blocks on the support plates on both sides of the planting platform to compress the springs and disengage the pressing blocks from the toothed grooves of the toothed plate. Step S22: Slide the lifting shell up and down along the support plate to adjust it to the target height position; Step S23: Release the pressing block, and the spring returns to its original position, pushing the pressing block back into the corresponding tooth groove of the toothed plate to complete the height locking. Step S24: Insert the leg plate of the upper planting platform into the top of the lifting shell of the lower planting platform to achieve the stacking and installation of multiple planting platforms.

[0014] Preferably, the atomized humidification management step during the fruiting period in step S5 specifically includes: Step S51: The temperature and humidity monitoring unit collects the air humidity data inside the planting frame in real time and transmits it to the control unit; Step S52: The control unit compares the measured humidity value with the preset humidity threshold. When the humidity is lower than the lower limit threshold, the atomization drive unit is activated. In step S53, the absorbent cotton body uses capillary action to continuously absorb water from the water tank and transport it to the water permeable pipe, while the atomization drive unit provides auxiliary power. In step S54, the water pipe evenly distributes water to each atomizing nozzle, and the atomizing nozzles arranged opposite each other on both sides spray water towards the planting platform. In step S55, the atomized water mist creates a high-humidity environment inside the planting frame, and excess water flows down the side wall of the planting platform and returns to the water tank through the through holes. Step S56: When the humidity reaches the upper limit threshold, the control unit shuts down the atomization drive unit and stops atomizing water spraying.

[0015] Preferably, the inoculation and mycelium management steps in step S4 specifically include: Step S41: In the early stage of mycelial growth, the light regulation unit is turned off to maintain a dark environment and the temperature is controlled at 22-26℃. Step S42: In the later stage of mycelial growth, turn on the light adjustment unit to provide weak diffused light, with a daily light exposure time of 2 to 4 hours and a light intensity of 50 to 100 lux; Step S43: Natural ventilation is achieved through the side wing mesh panels and breathable mesh panels, and the ventilation volume is controlled to keep the air inside the frame fresh; Step S44: The temperature and humidity monitoring unit monitors the parameters of the incubation environment in real time, and the control unit makes dynamic adjustments based on the monitoring data; Step S45: Regularly observe the mycelial growth. Once the mycelium has fully covered the culture medium, begin management during the fruiting period.

[0016] Preferably, the culture medium preparation and laying steps in step S3 specifically include: Step S31: Prepare the culture medium raw materials according to the following weight parts: 35-45 parts cottonseed hulls, 20-30 parts sawdust, 15-25 parts wheat bran, 3-8 parts corn flour, 1-3 parts lime powder, and 1-2 parts gypsum powder. Step S32: After mixing the raw materials evenly, add water and stir, controlling the moisture content to be between 60% and 65%; Step S33: The prepared culture medium is autoclaved at 121°C for 60-90 minutes. Step S34: After the sterilized culture medium has cooled to room temperature, it is evenly spread on the interception net of the planting platform, with a thickness of 8-15cm. Step S35: After the culture medium is laid out, cover the surface with a breathable film and wait for inoculation.

[0017] Preferably, the harvesting and cleaning reuse step in step S6 specifically includes: Step S61: Harvest the mushrooms when they are seven or eight tenths mature. Twist them off from the base to avoid damaging the culture medium. Step S62: Stop watering for 2-3 days after harvesting to allow the mycelium to recover and grow. Then, the next flush of fruiting can be managed. A total of 2-3 flushes can be harvested. Step S63: After all harvesting is completed, remove the planting platform and interception net, and remove any residual culture medium and mycorrhizae. Step S64: Rinse the planting frame body, water tank, and planting platform with clean water to remove surface stains; Step S65: Immerse each component in a 0.1% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 20 to 30 minutes for disinfection, or sterilize with 121°C high-pressure steam for 20 minutes. Step S66: After the disinfected parts are dried, they are reassembled for the next round of mushroom cultivation.

[0018] Working principle: The planting frame is based on a reusable frame structure and integrates three major functional modules: a misting and moisturizing system, a height adjustment system, and an intelligent control system. These systems cooperate and work together to provide suitable environmental conditions for mushroom growth.

[0019] The atomizing humidification system operates based on a combination of capillary action and piezoelectric actuation. Water in the water tank is continuously transported upwards through the capillary action of the absorbent cotton. With the assistance of the atomizing drive unit, the water is evenly distributed to each atomizing nozzle along the permeable pipe. The atomizing nozzles, positioned opposite each other on both sides, spray water into the planting space in the form of a fine mist. The mist diffuses in the air, creating a uniform and stable high-humidity environment. Excess water mist condenses and flows down the side wall of the planting platform, returning to the water tank through the drain holes, thus achieving water recycling. The water-absorbing strip continuously absorbs excess water seeping from the bottom of the culture medium, preventing localized water accumulation that could lead to root rot and bacterial contamination, and maintaining a dynamic balance of humidity in the culture medium.

[0020] The height adjustment system utilizes a mechanical principle of toothed plate engagement and spring return to achieve stepless positioning. When adjusting the layer spacing, pressing the pressing block compresses the spring, disengaging the inner end of the pressing block from the toothed groove of the toothed plate. At this point, the lifting shell can slide freely up and down along the support plate. After sliding to the target height, releasing the pressing block causes the spring to return, pushing the pressing block back into the corresponding toothed groove of the toothed plate. The self-locking characteristic of the teeth ensures stable height locking. The upper and lower planting platforms are stacked via the interlocking of the leg plates and the lifting shell, allowing for flexible adjustment of the layer spacing according to different mushroom varieties and growth stages, achieving efficient space utilization.

[0021] The intelligent control system operates based on the principles of real-time monitoring and closed-loop feedback. The temperature and humidity monitoring unit continuously collects environmental parameters within the planting frame and transmits them to the control platform. The control platform compares the measured values ​​with preset thresholds and automatically adjusts the light intensity and duration of the LED light fixtures, the start / stop and frequency of the atomization drive unit, and the timing and duration of ventilation based on deviations, forming a complete closed-loop control circuit. Under the unified scheduling of the control platform, all functional units work collaboratively to ensure that environmental parameters at each stage of mushroom growth are maintained within the optimal range, achieving automated management of the planting process, reducing the need for manual intervention, and improving the planting success rate.

[0022] This invention provides a method for cultivating mushrooms based on a reusable planting frame. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention adopts a reusable planting frame structure, combined with a detachable planting platform and water tank design, to achieve the effect of multiple recycling of the planting frame, greatly reducing the use of disposable plastic containers, lowering planting costs, reducing plastic waste pollution to the environment, and conforming to the concept of green and environmentally friendly planting.

[0023] 2. This invention achieves uniform atomization and moisturizing by setting up water-absorbing cotton and water-permeable pipes in the water tank and cooperating with atomizing nozzles arranged on both sides, making the humidity distribution in the planting frame more uniform, avoiding local over-wetness or over-dryness, improving the uniformity of mushroom growth, and accurately controlling the humidity level to effectively reduce the incidence of stem rot and cap cracking.

[0024] 3. This invention achieves flexible height adjustment of the planting platform by setting an adjustable structure of support plate and lifting shell on the planting platform, and by using a locking and positioning method of pressing block and toothed plate. The layer spacing can be adjusted according to different mushroom varieties and growth stages, improving space utilization, realizing multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation, and greatly improving the yield per unit area and the adjustability of planting density.

[0025] 4. This invention achieves convenient operation and intelligent management by setting a folding door on the front side of the planting frame and cooperating with the control platform on the top front side. Inoculation, harvesting and other operations can be carried out by opening the folding door without the need for overall transportation. The control platform centrally manages each electronic unit, which can be easily mastered by ordinary users, significantly improving the planting success rate and user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a half-sectional view of the planting frame body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a half-sectional view of the permeable pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a half-sectional view of the planting platform of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a half-sectional view of the sprinkler frame of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a half-sectional view of the lifting shell of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the steps of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a data comparison chart for the present invention.

[0027] The components include: 1. Planting frame body; 2. Breathable mesh panel; 3. Folding door; 4. Side wing mesh panel; 5. Control platform; 6. Water tank; 7. Fixing frame; 8. Planting table; 9. Sprinkler rack; 10. Drainage pipe; 11. LED light holder; 12. Atomizing nozzle; 13. Gazing strip; 14. Interception net; 15. Leg plate; 16. Support plate; 17. Lifting shell; 18. Pressing block; 19. Water-absorbing cotton body; 20. Spring; 21. Toothed plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example: like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a reusable mushroom cultivation frame, including a cultivation frame body 1, a breathable mesh panel 2, a folding door 3, side wing mesh panels 4, a water trough 6, a fixing frame 7, a cultivation platform 8, a water sprinkler 9, a water pipe 10, an atomizing nozzle 12, a water-absorbing cotton body 19, as well as a temperature and humidity monitoring unit, a control unit, a light adjustment unit, and an atomization drive unit. The cultivation frame body 1 is a rectangular frame structure with an open top. The breathable mesh panel 2 is set at the top opening of the cultivation frame body 1. The folding door 3 is hinged to the front side of the cultivation frame body 1. The side wing mesh panels 4 are set in the middle section of the left and right side walls of the cultivation frame body 1. A water trough 6 is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the planting frame body 1. A fixing frame 7 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inner walls on both the left and right sides of the water trough 6. A planting platform 8 is mounted on the fixing frame 7. A support plate 16 is fixedly connected to each of the four corners at the top of the planting platform 8. A lifting shell 17 is fitted onto the outer wall of the top of the support plate 16. A pressing block 18 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the lifting shell 17 via a spring 20. A toothed plate 21 is provided on the inner wall of the support plate 16. The inner end of the pressing block 18 abuts against the toothed groove of the toothed plate 21. A foot plate 15 is fixedly connected to each of the four corners at the bottom of the planting platform 8. The size is adapted to the top opening of the lifting shell 17. The leg plate 15 of the upper planting platform can be fitted onto the top of the lifting shell 17 of the lower planting platform to achieve multi-layer stacking. The planting platform 8 is fitted with an intercepting net 14, which is used to lay the culture soil culture medium. Several water-repellent strips 13 are provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the planting platform 8. The water-repellent strips 13 are evenly distributed along the length of the planting platform 8 to absorb excess water seeping out of the culture soil. Multiple through holes are provided on the side wall of the planting platform 8 to drain excess water in the planting platform 8 into the water tank 6 below. A water sprinkler frame 9 is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the water trough 6. Absorbent cotton 19 is filled at the bottom of the inner wall of the water sprinkler frame 9. Water permeable pipes 10 are respectively installed on the left and right inner walls of the water sprinkler frame 9. Several atomizing nozzles 12 are installed on the outer side of each water permeable pipe 10, with the atomizing nozzles 12 on both sides facing each other. A temperature and humidity monitoring unit is located inside the planting frame body 1. A control unit is located at the top front of the planting frame body 1. A light adjustment unit is located at the top of the inner wall of the planting frame body 1. The atomization drive unit is connected to the water permeable pipe 10. The temperature and humidity monitoring unit... The light adjustment unit and the atomization drive unit are electrically connected to the control unit. The light adjustment unit includes multiple LED lamp holders 11, which are evenly distributed along the top of the inner wall of the planting frame body 1. The light-emitting surface of the LED lamp holders 11 faces the planting platform 8. The spectral range of the LED lamp holders 11 is 400-700nm, of which blue light accounts for 15%-25% and red light accounts for 75%-85%. The folding door 3 is a double-opening folding structure. The side of the folding door 3 is hinged to the planting frame body 1. A magnetic fastener is provided in the middle of the folding door 3.

[0030] A method for cultivating mushrooms based on reusable planting frames includes the following steps: Step S1, Planting frame assembly and sterilization: After assembling all parts of the planting frame body 1, perform high-temperature steam sterilization. Step S2, Adjusting the height of the planting platform: Adjust the height of the planting platform 8 according to the growth space requirements of the mushroom variety to be planted; Step S21: Press the pressing blocks 18 on the support plates 16 on both sides of the planting platform 8 to compress the spring 20 and disengage it from the tooth groove of the toothed plate 21. Step S22: Slide the lifting shell 17 up and down along the support plate 16 to adjust it to the target height position; Step S23: Release the pressing block 18, and the spring 20 will reset and push the pressing block 18 back into the corresponding tooth groove of the toothed plate 21 to complete the height locking. Step S24: Insert the leg plate 15 of the upper planting platform 8 into the top of the lifting shell 17 of the lower planting platform 8 to achieve the stacking and installation of multiple planting platforms 8. Step S3, Culture medium preparation and laying steps: After preparing and sterilizing the mushroom culture medium, spread it evenly on the interception net 14 of the planting platform 8; Step S31: Prepare the culture medium raw materials according to the following weight parts: 35-45 parts cottonseed hulls, 20-30 parts sawdust, 15-25 parts wheat bran, 3-8 parts corn flour, 1-3 parts lime powder, and 1-2 parts gypsum powder. Step S32: After mixing the raw materials evenly, add water and stir, controlling the moisture content to be between 60% and 65%; Step S33: The prepared culture medium is autoclaved at 121°C for 60-90 minutes. Step S34: After the sterilized culture medium has cooled to room temperature, it is evenly spread on the interception net 14 of the planting platform 8, with a thickness of 8-15cm. Step S35: After the culture medium is laid out, cover the surface with a breathable film and wait for inoculation; Step S4, Inoculation and Mycelium Growth Management: Inoculate the culture medium with the mycelium and control the temperature and ventilation conditions for mycelium growth. Step S41: In the early stage of mycelial growth, the light regulation unit is turned off to maintain a dark environment and the temperature is controlled at 22-26℃. Step S42: In the later stage of mycelial growth, turn on the light adjustment unit to provide weak diffused light, with a daily light exposure time of 2 to 4 hours and a light intensity of 50 to 100 lux; Step S43: Natural ventilation is achieved through the side wing mesh plate 4 and the breathable mesh plate 2, and the ventilation volume is controlled to keep the air inside the frame fresh; Step S44: The temperature and humidity monitoring unit monitors the parameters of the incubation environment in real time, and the control unit makes dynamic adjustments based on the monitoring data; Step S45: Regularly observe the mycelial growth. Once the mycelium has fully colonized the culture medium, begin management during the fruiting period. Step S5, Atomized Moisturizing Management during the Fruiting Period: After entering the fruiting period, water in the water tank 6 is transported to the atomizing nozzle 12 through the water-absorbing cotton body 19 and the water-permeable pipe 10 for atomized water spraying and moisturizing. Step S51: The temperature and humidity monitoring unit collects the air humidity data inside the planting frame in real time and transmits it to the control unit; Step S52: The control unit compares the measured humidity value with the preset humidity threshold. When the humidity is lower than the lower limit threshold, the atomization drive unit is activated. In step S53, the absorbent cotton body 19 uses capillary action to continuously absorb water from the water tank 6 and transport it to the water permeable pipe 10, with the atomization drive unit providing auxiliary power. In step S54, the water pipe 10 evenly distributes water to each atomizing nozzle 12, and the atomizing nozzles 12 arranged opposite each other on both sides spray water towards the planting platform 8. In step S55, the atomized water mist creates a high-humidity environment inside the planting frame, and excess water flows down the side wall of the planting platform 8 and returns to the water tank 6 through the through hole. Step S56: When the humidity reaches the upper limit threshold, the control unit shuts down the atomization drive unit and stops atomizing water spraying. Step S6, Harvesting and Cleaning Reuse: Harvest the mushrooms after they mature. After harvesting, clean and disinfect the planting frames to prepare for the next round of planting. Step S61: Harvest the mushrooms when they are seven or eight tenths mature. Twist them off from the base to avoid damaging the culture medium. Step S62: Stop watering for 2-3 days after harvesting to allow the mycelium to recover and grow. Then, the next flush of fruiting can be managed. A total of 2-3 flushes can be harvested. Step S63: After all harvesting is completed, remove the planting platform 8 and the intercepting net 14, and remove any residual culture medium and mycorrhizae. Step S64: Rinse the planting frame body 1, water tank 6, and planting platform 8 with clean water to remove surface stains; Step S65: Immerse each component in a 0.1% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 20 to 30 minutes for disinfection, or sterilize with 121°C high-pressure steam for 20 minutes. Step S66: After the disinfected parts are dried, they are reassembled for the next round of mushroom cultivation.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides a reusable mushroom cultivation frame and a mushroom cultivation method based thereon, using the cultivation of oyster mushrooms on a single-layer cultivation platform 8 as an example.

[0033] This embodiment features a reusable mushroom cultivation frame. The frame body 1 is integrally injection molded from food-grade polypropylene material, with overall dimensions of 420mm in length, 320mm in width, and 380mm in height, and a wall thickness of 5mm. It can withstand repeated sterilization with 121℃ high-temperature steam and has a service life of over 5 years. The top of the cultivation frame body 1 is open, and a breathable mesh plate 2 is embedded in the opening. The breathable mesh plate 2 is made of 304 stainless steel wire mesh with a mesh diameter of 2mm. The mesh frame is connected to the top of the cultivation frame body 1 by snap-fit, facilitating disassembly and cleaning.

[0034] The front of the planting frame body 1 is equipped with a double-opening folding door 3. The folding door 3 has a height of 280mm and a width consistent with the planting frame body 1. It is hinged to the frame body on both sides by stainless steel hinges and has a magnetic buckle in the middle. When closed, it automatically closes and seals. When opened, it can be folded forward and retracted. It is easy to operate. After opening, inoculation, harvesting and other operations can be carried out inside without moving the upper structure.

[0035] Each of the two sides of the planting frame body 1 has a side wing mesh plate 4 in the middle section. The side wing mesh plate 4 is 220mm long and 90mm high. The material is the same as the top ventilation mesh plate 2. It is used to increase the side ventilation area and promote air circulation inside the frame.

[0036] A control platform 5 is located at the top front of the planting frame body 1. The control platform 5 includes a display screen, operation buttons, and a main control circuit board. It integrates a temperature and humidity monitoring unit, with a temperature and humidity sensor probe extending into the planting frame body 1 to monitor temperature and relative humidity in real time. The control platform 5 is electrically connected to the LED light holder 11 and the atomization drive unit, and can automatically adjust the light intensity and atomization frequency according to preset parameters.

[0037] The planting frame body 1 has a water trough 6 integrally formed on the bottom inner wall. The water trough 6 is 55mm deep and has an effective water storage capacity of approximately 5L. L-shaped fixing frames 7 are integrally formed on the upper part of the inner walls on both sides of the water trough 6 to support the planting platform 8. A U-shaped sprinkler rack 9, made of food-grade plastic, is placed at the bottom of the water trough 6 and spans across the bottom. The bottom of the sprinkler rack 9 is filled with absorbent cotton 19, made of highly absorbent polyester fiber with a density of 0.3g / cm³. 3 The lower end of the sprinkler frame 9 is immersed in the water tank 6, and the upper end extends to the permeable pipe 10, continuously supplying water upwards using capillary action. Each of the left and right inner walls of the sprinkler frame 9 has a permeable pipe 10, made of porous ceramic material with a diameter of 8mm. Six atomizing nozzles 12 are evenly distributed on the outer side of each permeable pipe 10, positioned opposite each other on both sides, spraying towards the center of the planting platform 8. The atomized particles have a diameter of approximately 20–50μm. The atomization drive unit uses a miniature piezoelectric pump connected to the end of the permeable pipe 10, providing auxiliary water supply power to ensure stable atomization.

[0038] The planting platform 8 is a rectangular tray structure, measuring 380mm in length, 280mm in width, and 35mm in height, and is mounted on two side supports 7. An intercepting net 14, made of nylon mesh with a 1mm mesh size, is installed inside the planting platform 8 to support the culture medium and prevent particles from falling off. Six water-absorbing strips 13 are evenly distributed along the length of the bottom inner wall of the planting platform 8. These strips are made of highly absorbent resin, have a semi-circular cross-section, and a diameter of 5mm, to absorb excess water seeping from the bottom of the culture medium, preventing waterlogging and root rot. A row of 4mm diameter drainage holes is located on the lower part of the side wall of the planting platform 8, allowing excess water to flow back to the water tank 6.

[0039] Four sets of LED light holders 11 are installed on the top of the inner wall of the planting frame body 1, and are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction. Each set of LED light holders 11 contains 12 LED beads with a spectral range of 400-700nm, of which 20% is blue light with a wavelength of 450nm and 80% is red light with a wavelength of 660nm. The light intensity can be adjusted within the range of 0-800 lux.

[0040] Each of the four corners of the top of the planting platform 8 is fixedly connected to a support plate 16, which is a vertically arranged rectangular plate with a height of 100mm. A lifting shell 17 is fitted onto the outer wall of the top of the support plate 16, and the lifting shell 17 can slide up and down along the support plate 16. A pressing block 18 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the lifting shell 17 via a spring 20. A toothed plate 21 is provided on the inner wall of the support plate 16, with continuous triangular toothed grooves. The inner end of the pressing block 18 abuts against the toothed grooves of the toothed plate 21 to achieve height locking. Each of the four corners of the bottom of the planting platform 8 is fixedly connected to a footplate 15, the size of which is adapted to the top opening of the lifting shell 17.

[0041] The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using the above-mentioned planting frame is as follows: Planting frame assembly and disinfection Install the water tank 6, sprinkler frame 9, permeable pipe 10, and atomizing nozzle 12 in sequence, and check that the absorbent cotton body 19 can be fully immersed in water. Place the planting platform 8 on the fixed frame 7 and lay the intercepting net 14. Install the top permeable mesh panel 2 and the side wing mesh panels 4, and close the folding door 3. Place the entire frame into an autoclave and sterilize at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 30 minutes to thoroughly kill any bacterial spores on the surface and in the crevices of all components. After sterilization, remove the frame and allow it to cool naturally to room temperature next to a clean operating table.

[0042] Culture medium preparation and laying Weigh the culture medium ingredients according to the following proportions: 42 parts cottonseed hulls, 22 parts broadleaf tree sawdust, 18 parts wheat bran, 6 parts corn flour, 2 parts lime powder, and 2 parts gypsum powder. Pour the dry ingredients into a mixer and mix thoroughly for 5 minutes. Then, while mixing, slowly add water until the moisture content of the culture medium reaches 63%, which is when it can be formed into a ball when squeezed tightly in your hand, leaving watermarks between your fingers but not dripping.

[0043] Pack the mixed culture medium into high-temperature resistant polypropylene bags, each containing approximately 1.2 kg of material. Compact the mixture and seal the bags with rings. Place the bags in an autoclave and sterilize at 121°C for 80 minutes. After sterilization, cool the bags to below 28°C. Under aseptic conditions, break the bags and spread the culture medium evenly on the mesh 14 of the planting platform 8, to a thickness of approximately 13 cm. Gently smooth the surface.

[0044] Inoculation and Mycelium Management Inoculation was performed using the broadcast method, with the oyster mushroom spawn evenly scattered on the surface of the culture medium at a rate of 7% of the medium's dry weight. After inoculation, the planting platform 8 was gently shaken to allow some spawn particles to fall into the gaps on the surface of the culture medium, increasing the number of planting points. After inoculation, a layer of sterile, breathable paper was placed over the surface of the culture medium to prevent excessive moisture evaporation.

[0045] Close the folding door 3 and start the mycelium growth mode via the control platform 5. The first 10 days are the planting period. All LED light stands 11 are turned off to maintain a completely dark environment. The temperature is controlled at 24℃. When the ambient temperature is low in winter, the heating pad at the bottom of the planting frame can be used to assist in raising the temperature. Natural ventilation is achieved through the side mesh panels 4. The folding door 3 is opened twice a day for 25 minutes each time to keep the air inside the frame fresh. The relative humidity is maintained at about 65%. An appropriate amount of sterile water is added to the water tank 6 in advance, and the humidity is maintained by slow evaporation through the absorbent cotton body 19.

[0046] From day 11 onwards, the mycelium enters a rapid growth phase. Light intensity is increased appropriately, with the LED light fixture running for 112 hours daily at approximately 60 lux, providing weak, diffused light stimulation. The temperature is adjusted to 23°C, and ventilation is increased to three times a day for 30 minutes each time. Humidity is maintained at 65%–70%. During this stage, the temperature and humidity monitoring unit collects data hourly, and the control platform 5 automatically fine-tunes the atomization frequency and ventilation duration based on the measured values ​​to ensure stable environmental parameters.

[0047] After about 22 days, the mycelium becomes white and dense, covering the entire culture medium, and a small number of coral-like primordia appear on the surface, which indicates that the mycelium growth is complete and the fruiting period can begin.

[0048] Atomized humidification management during the fruiting period Remove the breathable paper from the surface of the culture medium and switch control platform 5 to fruiting mode. Adjust the temperature to 17℃ during the day and 12℃ at night, creating a diurnal temperature difference of about 5℃, and continue for 4 days to stimulate uniform differentiation of primordia. Increase the light to 10 hours per day, with a light intensity of about 400 lux, to promote fruiting body growth and color formation.

[0049] Humidity management is a crucial aspect of the fruiting period. The control platform 5 is set to a humidity range of 85%–90%. When the temperature and humidity monitoring unit detects that the humidity inside the frame is below 85%, the control platform 5 automatically activates the atomization drive unit. The absorbent cotton body 19, aided by capillary action and the atomization drive unit, continuously delivers water from the water tank 6 to the permeable pipe 10, which then sprays a fine mist through the atomizing nozzles 12 on both sides. The water mist diffuses throughout the planting frame body 1, evenly distributing throughout the space, maintaining a high humidity environment on the surface of the culture medium and around the fruiting bodies. The design of opposing sprays on both sides effectively avoids uneven humidity caused by unilateral humidification, keeping the humidity difference between different locations on the planting platform 8 within 3%.

[0050] Excess water vapor generated by atomization condenses and flows down the side wall of the planting platform 8, returning to the water tank 6 through the drainage holes in the side wall, thus realizing the recycling of water resources. The water-absorbing strip 13 continuously absorbs excess water seeping from the bottom of the culture medium, preventing the culture medium from becoming too wet and causing contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.

[0051] When the humidity reaches the upper limit of 90%, control platform 5 automatically stops atomization. This cycle repeats continuously, keeping the humidity within a suitable range. Atomization occurs approximately 7 times per day, with each session lasting about 12 minutes.

[0052] In terms of ventilation management, ventilate 3 times a day for 50 minutes each time. Stop atomizing during ventilation to prevent excessive humidity from causing diseases.

[0053] 5 Harvesting and Cleaning Reuse Harvest oyster mushrooms when they are 70-80% mature and the cap edges are not yet fully flattened. When harvesting, open the folding door (3), hold the base of the stem and gently twist to remove it, being careful not to remove too much culture medium or damage surrounding young mushrooms. After each flush, remove the mushroom stems and dead mushrooms, stop watering for 3 days to allow the mycelium to recover and accumulate nutrients, then restart misting for humidification. A second flush will appear approximately 8 days later. In this example, three flushes were harvested, with a total bioconversion rate of approximately 108%.

[0054] After all harvesting is completed, the planting frames are cleaned and disinfected for the next round of use. First, remove the planting platform 8, discard the waste culture medium, and use a soft brush to remove any residual mycorrhizae and culture medium particles from the interception net 14 and the planting platform 8. Then, rinse all components, including the planting frame body 1, water tank 6, planting platform 8, and sprinkler rack 9, with clean water to remove surface stains and mycelial residue. Check the condition of the absorbent cotton 19 and the water-retaining adhesive strip 13. In this embodiment, the absorbent cotton 19 still maintains good water absorption performance after three washes and does not need to be replaced; the water-retaining adhesive strip 13 has slight discoloration, but can be cleaned and reused.

[0055] After cleaning, soak each component in a 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 25 minutes. Remove and rinse thoroughly with sterile water. After drying, reassemble and it is ready for the next planting cycle. This planting frame can be reused more than 60 times, significantly reducing plastic waste compared to traditional bag planting.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This embodiment provides a reusable mushroom cultivation frame and a mushroom cultivation method based thereon, using the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms on a double-layer stacked cultivation platform 8 as an example to illustrate the technical effect of multi-layer adjustable technology.

[0058] The planting frame body 1 in this embodiment has the same dimensions as that in embodiment 1, except that the planting platform 8 adopts a double-layer stacked structure. The support plates 16 at the four corners of the top of the planting platform 8 are 120mm high. The lifting shell 17 can slide up and down on the support plate 16, with an adjustment range of 0-80mm. Positioning is achieved by the engagement of the pressing block 18 and the toothed plate 21. The tooth pitch is 5mm, which can achieve fine height adjustment.

[0059] The lower planting platform 8 is placed directly on the fixed frames 7 on both sides of the water tank 6. The upper planting platform 8 is stacked and fixed by inserting the bottom support plate 15 into the top opening of the lifting shell 17 of the lower planting platform 8. According to the growth height of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies, which is generally 8-12cm, the lifting shell 17 is adjusted to the middle position of the support plate 16 so that the net distance between the upper and lower planting platforms 8 is maintained at 14cm, which satisfies the growth space requirements of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies without wasting vertical space.

[0060] The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms using the above-mentioned double-layer planting frame is as follows: Planting platform height adjustment Before planting, adjust the layer spacing according to the characteristics of the shiitake mushroom variety and the expected yield. In this example, the shiitake mushroom variety 808 is cultivated. The fruiting bodies are medium to large, with a cap diameter of 8-10 cm and a relatively short stem. Therefore, the layer spacing is set to 14 cm. During adjustment, first press the pressing blocks 18 on the four corner support plates 16 of the lower planting platform 8 to compress the springs 20 and disengage them from the toothed grooves of the toothed plate 21. Then, slide the lifting shell 17 upward to the target height, release the pressing blocks 18, and the springs 20 will reset and push the pressing blocks 18 back into the corresponding toothed grooves of the toothed plate 21 to complete the locking. After adjusting each of the four corners, use a ruler to measure and confirm that the height of each corner is consistent to ensure that the upper planting platform 8 is placed horizontally. Finally, align the leg plate 15 of the upper planting platform 8 with the top opening of the lower lifting shell 17 and place it down smoothly to complete the stacking.

[0061] Culture medium preparation and inoculation The shiitake mushroom culture medium formula, by weight, is as follows: 40 parts broadleaf tree sawdust, 25 parts cottonseed hulls, 15 parts wheat bran, 5 parts corn flour, 2 parts brown sugar, 2 parts gypsum powder, and 1 part lime powder. The moisture content is controlled at 60%, and the medium is sterilized at 121℃ for 90 minutes. After sterilization, it is cooled to below 25℃, and under aseptic conditions, the medium is evenly spread onto the intercepting net 14 of the upper and lower planting platforms 8, with each layer approximately 10cm thick.

[0062] The inoculation method was adopted, with 6 inoculation holes evenly made on each planting platform, 3 cm deep. A piece of inoculum the size of a broad bean was placed in each hole, and the hole opening was gently covered with culture medium after inoculation. The inoculation amount was approximately 8% of the dry weight of the culture medium.

[0063] Bacterial growth management The mycelium growth period for shiitake mushrooms is relatively long, approximately 35-40 days. For the first 20 days, maintain darkness, a temperature of 24℃, and humidity of 65%, ventilating twice daily. From the 21st day onwards, turn on the LED light fixture for 2 hours daily to provide weak light and promote mycelial color change. During the mycelium growth period, check the mycelial growth and contamination status weekly, addressing any contamination promptly.

[0064] Due to the double-layer structure, there is a certain temperature and humidity difference between the upper and lower layers. The control platform 5 monitors the temperature and humidity of the upper and lower layers separately and dynamically adjusts the atomization direction and intensity to reduce the difference between the layers. In this embodiment, the humidity of the upper layer is slightly lower than that of the lower layer. The control platform 5 appropriately increases the atomization frequency of the upper layer to keep the humidity difference between the upper and lower layers within 5%.

[0065] Mushroom Management After the mycelium has fully grown and completed its color change, it enters the fruiting period. Temperature difference stimulation is applied: daytime temperature 20℃, nighttime temperature 12℃, temperature difference 8℃, for 5 consecutive days. At the same time, the LED light fixture is increased to 8 hours of light per day with a light intensity of 500 lux to stimulate primordia formation.

[0066] After primordia formation, maintain a temperature of 15–18°C and a humidity of 85%–90%. The atomization moisturizing method is similar to that in Example 1, with atomizing nozzles 12 on both sides spraying water mist relative to each other, creating a uniform high-humidity environment between the two planting platforms 8. Due to the relatively enclosed space of the double-layer structure, the moisturizing effect is better, and the atomization frequency can be appropriately reduced to about 5 times a day, 10 minutes each time.

[0067] Ventilation management is equally important. Ventilate three times a day for 40 minutes each time to keep the air fresh and prevent diseases from occurring.

[0068] Harvesting and Reuse The best quality shiitake mushrooms are harvested when the caps are about 70-80% open, the edges are still curled inward, and the veil has just ruptured. When harvesting, hold the base of the stem with your thumb and forefinger and gently rotate to remove it, being careful not to damage the surrounding young mushrooms or the growing medium. This example yielded four flushes, with a total bioconversion rate of approximately 92%, and a yield per unit area that was about 85% higher than single-layer cultivation, significantly improving space utilization.

[0069] The cleaning and disinfection process after harvesting is basically the same as in Example 1. The double-layer planting platform 8 needs to be disassembled and cleaned separately. After each component is disinfected and dried, the height of the lifting shell 17 can be readjusted according to the varieties to be planted in the next round, flexibly adapting to the space requirements of different varieties.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] This embodiment provides a reusable mushroom cultivation frame and cultivation method for home users, highlighting the features of ease of operation and intelligent control.

[0072] The planting frame in this embodiment is structurally similar to that of Embodiment 1. The structures of the planting frame body 1, breathable mesh panel 2, folding door 3, side wing mesh panel 4, control platform 5, water trough 6, fixing frame 7, planting platform 8, sprinkler rack 9, permeable pipe 10, LED light holder 11, atomizing nozzle 12, water-repellent strip 13, and interception net 14 are all identical to those in Embodiment 1. Optimizations have been made for home users: the planting frame body 1 is made of transparent food-grade PC material, allowing users to directly observe the growth of the mushrooms inside without frequent door opening. The control platform 5 has added network connectivity, allowing connection to a mobile app. Users can remotely view temperature and humidity data, set planting parameters, and receive harvest reminders via their mobile phones. The control platform 5 includes planting programs for various common mushroom varieties, including oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and king oyster mushrooms. Users only need to select the corresponding variety, and the system will automatically match the temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation parameters for each growth stage, eliminating the need for manual settings and significantly lowering the barrier to entry for planting.

[0073] The water tank 6 has a transparent water level observation window on its side, allowing users to clearly see the remaining water level and easily replenish it in a timely manner. The water inlet is located on the upper rear side of the planting frame, allowing for direct water replenishment without opening the folding door 3, thus avoiding disturbance to the internal environment caused by frequent door opening.

[0074] The folding door 3 features a magnetic one-button opening design; a gentle press automatically opens it, and the magnets automatically close it when closed, making operation simple and convenient. The folding door 3 also includes an observation window, allowing for daily observation without opening the door.

[0075] Taking home cultivation of oyster mushrooms as an example, the cultivation method is as follows: After receiving the planting frame, users can assemble all parts according to the instructions. Before first use, simply scald it with boiling water for sterilization; autoclaving is not required as it is difficult to achieve at home. The culture medium uses pre-sterilized pre-packaged culture bags. Users only need to open the culture bag, pour the culture medium onto the interception net 14 of the planting platform 8, and inoculate with the provided inoculum. The operation is simple.

[0076] Users select the "oyster mushroom" variety on the control platform 5 or mobile APP, and the system automatically loads the oyster mushroom cultivation program. The parameters for the mycelium growth period and fruiting period are automatically set, and temperature and humidity monitoring, atomization, and LED light stand 11 lighting control are all automatically operated. Users only need to check the water level in the water tank 6 periodically and replenish water in time, which realizes simplified cultivation.

[0077] The app also provides a growth calendar function to record the inoculation time, predict the time nodes of each growth stage, and push reminders at key nodes such as primordia formation and harvesting to help novice users master the planting rhythm.

[0078] This embodiment is especially suitable for home users with no planting experience. It is easy to operate and manage, with a planting success rate of over 90%, allowing ordinary families to easily experience the fun of planting and harvest fresh mushrooms.

[0079] Comparative Example This comparative example uses traditional polyethylene plastic bags to cultivate oyster mushrooms, and is compared with Example 1.

[0080] The culture medium formulation was the same as in Example 1, using 17cm×33cm×0.05cm polypropylene cultivation bags, each containing approximately 500g of dry material and approximately 1350g of wet material. The bags were sterilized at 121℃ for 90 minutes, cooled, and then inoculated at both ends at an inoculation rate of 7%.

[0081] Mycelium growth was carried out in a culture room at 24°C in the dark, with ventilation twice a day. The bag was fully colonized with mycelium in approximately 25 days.

[0082] During the fruiting period, stack the mushroom bags against a wall, with a 5cm gap between each layer, for a total of 6 layers. Use a top-spray system to increase humidity, spraying water 4-5 times daily to maintain an air humidity of 85%-90%. Ventilate 3 times daily and allow natural sunlight.

[0083] Comparison results: 1. Regarding resource consumption: The planting frame of Example 1 can be reused more than 60 times, and almost no plastic waste is generated per crop; in contrast, each crop of the comparative example consumes about 2 plastic bags per kg of dry material, and based on 10 crops per year, it generates a large amount of plastic waste, causing serious environmental pollution.

[0084] 2. Regarding humidity uniformity: In Example 1, the use of double-sided atomizing nozzles 12 for relative humidification resulted in a humidity difference of less than 3% between different locations on the planting platform 8, leading to uniform fruiting body growth and a marketable rate of over 95%. In the comparative example, top spraying was used, resulting in excessively high humidity near the spray nozzles and insufficient humidity further away, causing significant differences in mushroom size among the same layer of bags, with a marketable rate of approximately 82%.

[0085] 3. In terms of space utilization: Example 1 adopts an adjustable multi-layer structure with support plate 16 and lifting shell 17, which can adjust the layer spacing according to the variety, and the yield per unit area is about 40% higher than that of traditional wall-type cultivation; in contrast, the layer spacing of the wall-type stacking is fixed, and the space utilization rate is low.

[0086] 4. Ease of operation: Example 1 is controlled by the integrated control platform 5, and the parameters are automatically adjusted. It can be operated by opening the folding door 3, which saves time and effort in management. The comparative example requires manual water spraying, manual bag turning, and manual ventilation adjustment, which is labor-intensive and requires a high level of experience.

[0087] 5. Cultivation effect: Example 1 showed a biological conversion rate of 108% and a rotten mushroom rate of less than 2%; the comparative example showed a biological conversion rate of approximately 93% and an incidence of rotten mushrooms and spot disease due to localized excessive moisture of approximately 8%.

[0088]

[0089] The above results show that the present invention is significantly superior to the traditional bag cultivation method in terms of resource conservation, humidity control, space utilization, ease of operation and planting effect, and has good promotion and application value.

[0090] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A reusable mushroom cultivation frame, comprising a cultivation frame body (1), a breathable mesh panel (2), a folding door (3), side wing mesh panels (4), a water trough (6), a fixing frame (7), a cultivation platform (8), a sprinkler rack (9), a permeable pipe (10), an atomizing nozzle (12), a water-absorbing cotton body (19), and a temperature and humidity monitoring unit, a control unit, a light adjustment unit, and an atomization drive unit, characterized in that: The planting frame body (1) is a rectangular frame structure with an opening at the top. The breathable mesh plate (2) is set at the opening at the top of the planting frame body (1). The folding door (3) is hinged to the front side of the planting frame body (1). The side wing mesh plate (4) is set in the middle section of the left and right side walls of the planting frame body (1). The water trough (6) is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the planting frame body (1), the fixing frame (7) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inner walls on the left and right sides of the water trough (6), and the planting platform (8) is mounted on the fixing frame (7). The water sprinkler frame (9) is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the water tank (6). The absorbent cotton body (19) is filled at the bottom of the inner wall of the water sprinkler frame (9). The permeable pipes (10) are respectively located on the left and right inner walls of the water sprinkler frame (9). Several atomizing nozzles (12) are provided on the outside of each permeable pipe (10). The atomizing nozzles (12) on both sides are arranged opposite to each other. The temperature and humidity monitoring unit is located inside the planting frame body (1). The control unit is located at the front of the top of the planting frame body (1). The light adjustment unit is located at the top of the inner wall of the planting frame body (1). The atomizing drive unit is connected to the permeable pipe (10). The temperature and humidity monitoring unit, the light adjustment unit and the atomizing drive unit are electrically connected to the control unit.

2. The reusable mushroom cultivation frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top four corners of the planting platform (8) are fixedly connected with support plates (16). The top outer wall of the support plate (16) is fitted with a lifting shell (17). The outer wall of the lifting shell (17) is slidably connected with a pressing block (18) by a spring (20). The inner wall of the support plate (16) is provided with a toothed plate (21). The inner end of the pressing block (18) abuts against the tooth groove of the toothed plate (21). The four corners of the bottom of the planting platform (8) are all fixedly connected with a foot plate (15). The size of the foot plate (15) is adapted to the top opening of the lifting shell (17). The foot plate (15) of the upper planting platform can be fitted onto the top of the lifting shell (17) of the lower planting platform to achieve multi-layer stacking.

3. The reusable mushroom cultivation frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting platform (8) is fitted with an intercepting net (14) for laying the culture medium. The bottom of the inner wall of the planting platform (8) is provided with several water-repellent strips (13). The water-repellent strips (13) are evenly distributed along the length of the planting platform (8) to absorb excess water seeping out of the culture medium. The side wall of the planting platform (8) is provided with multiple through holes for draining excess water from the planting platform (8) into the water tank (6) below.

4. The reusable mushroom cultivation frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light adjustment unit includes multiple LED lamp holders (11), which are evenly distributed along the top of the inner wall of the planting frame body (1). The light-emitting surface of the LED lamp holders (11) faces the planting platform (8). The spectral range of the LED lamp holders (11) is 400-700nm, of which blue light accounts for 15%-25% and red light accounts for 75%-85%. The folding door (3) is a double-opening folding structure. The side of the folding door (3) is hinged to the planting frame body (1). A magnetic fastener is provided in the middle of the folding door (3).

5. A method for cultivating mushrooms based on a reusable planting frame, characterized in that, The reusable mushroom cultivation frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4 includes the following steps: Step S1, Planting frame assembly and disinfection steps: After assembling all parts of the planting frame body (1), perform high-temperature steam disinfection treatment; Step S2, Planting platform height adjustment step: Adjust the height of the planting platform (8) according to the growth space requirements of the mushroom variety to be planted; Step S3, Culture medium preparation and laying steps: After preparing and sterilizing the mushroom culture medium, spread it evenly on the interception net (14) of the planting platform (8); Step S4, Inoculation and Mycelium Growth Management: Inoculate the culture medium with the mycelium and control the temperature and ventilation conditions for mycelium growth. Step S5, Atomized Moisturizing Management during the Fruiting Period: After entering the fruiting period, water in the water tank (6) is transported to the atomizing nozzle (12) through the absorbent cotton body (19) and the water-permeable pipe (10) for atomized water spraying and moisturizing. Step S6, Harvesting and Cleaning for Reuse: Harvest the mushrooms after they mature. After harvesting, clean and disinfect the planting frames to prepare for the next round of planting.

6. A mushroom cultivation method based on a reusable planting frame according to claim 5, characterized in that: The planting platform height adjustment step in step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Press the pressing blocks (18) on the support plates (16) on both sides of the planting platform (8) to compress the spring (20) and disengage from the toothed groove of the toothed plate (21); Step S22: Slide the lifting shell (17) up and down along the support plate (16) to adjust it to the target height position; Step S23: Release the pressing block (18), and the spring (20) resets and pushes the pressing block (18) to re-engage in the corresponding tooth groove of the toothed plate (21) to complete the height locking; Step S24: Insert the leg plate (15) of the upper planting platform (8) into the top of the lifting shell (17) of the lower planting platform (8) to realize the stacking installation of the multi-layer planting platform (8).

7. A mushroom cultivation method based on a reusable planting frame according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of the mushroom-growing period misting and humidification management in step S5 include: Step S51: The temperature and humidity monitoring unit collects the air humidity data inside the planting frame in real time and transmits it to the control unit; Step S52: The control unit compares the measured humidity value with the preset humidity threshold. When the humidity is lower than the lower limit threshold, the atomization drive unit is activated. In step S53, the absorbent cotton body (19) uses capillary action to continuously absorb water from the water tank (6) and transport it to the permeable pipe (10), and the atomization drive unit provides auxiliary power. In step S54, the water pipe (10) evenly distributes water to each atomizing nozzle (12), and the atomizing nozzles (12) arranged opposite each other on both sides spray water towards the planting platform (8); In step S55, the atomized water mist creates a high humidity environment in the planting frame, and excess water flows down the side wall of the planting platform (8) and flows back to the water tank (6) through the through hole. Step S56: When the humidity reaches the upper limit threshold, the control unit shuts down the atomization drive unit and stops atomizing water spraying.

8. A mushroom cultivation method based on a reusable planting frame according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inoculation and mycelium management steps in step S4 specifically include: Step S41: In the early stage of mycelial growth, the light regulation unit is turned off to maintain a dark environment and the temperature is controlled at 22-26℃. Step S42: In the later stage of mycelial growth, turn on the light adjustment unit to provide weak diffused light, with a daily light exposure time of 2 to 4 hours and a light intensity of 50 to 100 lux; Step S43: Natural ventilation is carried out through the side wing mesh (4) and the breathable mesh (2) to control the ventilation volume and keep the air inside the frame fresh; Step S44: The temperature and humidity monitoring unit monitors the parameters of the incubation environment in real time, and the control unit makes dynamic adjustments based on the monitoring data. Step S45: Regularly observe the mycelial growth. Once the mycelium has fully covered the culture medium, begin management during the fruiting period.

9. A mushroom cultivation method based on a reusable planting frame according to claim 5, characterized in that: The culture medium preparation and laying steps in step S3 specifically include: Step S31: Prepare the culture medium raw materials according to the following weight parts: 35-45 parts cottonseed hulls, 20-30 parts sawdust, 15-25 parts wheat bran, 3-8 parts corn flour, 1-3 parts lime powder, and 1-2 parts gypsum powder. Step S32: After mixing the raw materials evenly, add water and stir, controlling the moisture content to be between 60% and 65%; Step S33: The prepared culture medium is autoclaved at 121°C for 60-90 minutes. Step S34: After the sterilized culture medium is cooled to room temperature, it is evenly spread on the interception net (14) of the planting platform (8) with a thickness of 8-15cm. Step S35: After the culture medium is laid out, cover the surface with a breathable film and wait for inoculation.

10. A mushroom cultivation method based on a reusable planting frame according to claim 5, characterized in that: The harvesting and cleaning / reuse steps in step S6 specifically include: Step S61: Harvest the mushrooms when they are seven or eight tenths mature. Twist them off from the base to avoid damaging the culture medium. Step S62: Stop watering for 2-3 days after harvesting to allow the mycelium to recover and grow. Then, the next flush of fruiting can be managed. A total of 2-3 flushes can be harvested. Step S63: After all the harvesting is completed, remove the planting platform (8) and the intercepting net (14) to remove the residual culture medium and mycorrhizae; Step S64: Rinse the planting frame body (1), water tank (6), and planting platform (8) with clean water to remove surface stains; Step S65: Immerse each component in a 0.1% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 20 to 30 minutes for disinfection, or sterilize with 121°C high-pressure steam for 20 minutes. Step S66: After the disinfected parts are dried, they are reassembled for the next round of mushroom cultivation.

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