Gastrodia and its planting method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of Gastrodia elata and its planting method, belong to Gastrodia elata planting technical field, planting method includes using the solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquor to the soil after sowing is carried out irrigation treatment, to accurately control the infection speed and nutrient release amount of Armillaria mellea, solve the problem that the seed of Gastrodia elata is directly scattered in solid Armillaria mellea material in prior art, slowly release nutrient by relying on Armillaria mellea infection xylem, it is easy to cause rhizome rot due to soil hardening or waterlogging, thereby affecting the quality of Gastrodia elata;With the solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquor as the growth of Gastrodia elata provides nutrition, without using broad-leaved tree as main culture medium to cultivate Armillaria mellea, solve the problem that the activity, moisture content, yield of Armillaria mellea caused by Armillaria mellea cultivation with broad-leaved tree as main culture medium will be restricted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Gastrodia elata cultivation technology, and in particular to a Gastrodia elata and its cultivation method. Background Technology

[0002] Gastrodia elata is a perennial herbaceous saprophytic plant belonging to the genus Gastrodia in the family Orchidaceae. It lacks chloroplasts and cannot perform photosynthesis. It is a valuable Chinese medicinal material with both medicinal and economic value, and market demand continues to grow.

[0003] The cultivation of Gastrodia elata relies on Armillaria mellea to provide nutrients. Currently, broad-leaved trees are used as the main culture medium in the cultivation of Armillaria mellea. This not only causes environmental stress and excessive resource consumption, but also restricts the activity, moisture content, and yield of Armillaria mellea. In existing Gastrodia elata cultivation techniques, the seeds are directly sown on solid Armillaria mellea substrate, relying on the slow release of nutrients through infection of the xylem by Armillaria mellea. However, this method is prone to tuber rot due to soil compaction or waterlogging, thus affecting the quality of the Gastrodia elata. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata and its cultivation method. This invention aims to address the problems in the prior art where the activity, moisture content, and yield of Armillaria mellea are limited by using broad-leaved trees as the main culture medium, and the problem that directly sowing Gastrodia elata seeds on solid Armillaria mellea wood, relying on Armillaria mellea to slowly release nutrients through infection of the xylem, is prone to tuber rot due to soil compaction or water accumulation, thus affecting the quality of Gastrodia elata.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata, the method comprising: Mix the Gastrodia elata seeds with the germination fungus evenly, and then sow them; The soil after sowing was treated with a solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth. Field management is carried out during the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata.

[0006] Optionally, the method for preparing the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth includes: Armillaria mellea was inoculated and cultured to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strains; The activated Armillaria mellea strain was subjected to liquid culture to obtain a liquid Armillaria mellea strain; The liquid culture of Armillaria mellea was fermented to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth.

[0007] Optionally, the inoculation and culture method includes: The Armillaria mellea was inoculated onto a solid culture medium and cultured at 24℃-26℃ for 7-10 days.

[0008] Optionally, the liquid culture method includes: The activated Armillaria mellea strain was inoculated into liquid culture medium and cultured at 23℃-26℃ and 160r / min-180r / min for 48h-72h. The liquid culture medium comprises glucose, potato, peptone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, vitamins, and water, and has a pH of 6.0-6.5.

[0009] Optionally, the fermentation culture method includes: The liquid strain of Armillaria mellea was inoculated into the fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 5%-8% and cultured for 7-8 days at 24℃-26℃ and 150r / min-200r / min. The fermentation medium comprises corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and water, and has a pH of 6.0-6.5.

[0010] Optionally, the sowing method includes: Select sandy soil with an altitude of 600m-1500m, humus content ≥20% and pH value of 5.5-6.5, deep plow to 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer and make ridges, and spray the sandy soil to sterilize until the soil moisture content is 60%-70%, let it stand for 2-3 days, and then sow the seeds. Cover the seeds with 2cm-3cm of humus soil. The width of the raised beds is 1.2m-1.3m, and the seeding density is 18cm-22cm; the seeding density is 100 seeds / m². 2 -150 grains / m 2 .

[0011] Optionally, the irrigation treatment method includes: After sowing, administer at 190 mL / m 2 -210mL / m 2 Immediately apply the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution evenly to the surface of the soil after sowing; thereafter, every 7 days, apply 90 mL / m³ of the solution. 2 -110mL / m 2 The dosage is determined by irrigating with the Armillaria mellea fermentation solution until the Gastrodia elata tubers are formed. After the formation of the Gastrodia elata tuber, every 10 days, at a dose of 140 mL / m 2 -160mL / m 2 The dosage is determined by irrigating the plant with the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth until the Gastrodia elata matures.

[0012] Optionally, the field management method includes: During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-70%, the shade level of the growing environment should be maintained at 70%-80%, and drainage and soil loosening should be carried out in a timely manner.

[0013] Optionally, the components of the fermentation medium are: corn flour 14g / L-16g / L, wheat bran 9g / L-11g / L, soybean meal 3g / L-5g / L, glucose 9g / L-11g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g / L-2g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.8g / L-1g / L, and water 800mL-1000mL.

[0014] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention also provides a Gastrodia elata, which is cultivated using the above-described planting method.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that the present invention can achieve are as follows: 1. In the technical solution of this invention, the soil after sowing is irrigated with a solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid. The solution can penetrate into the microenvironment around the Gastrodia elata tuber, allowing for precise control of the infection rate and nutrient release of Armillaria mellea, and achieving integrated water and fertilizer management. This solves the problem in existing technologies where Gastrodia elata seeds are directly sown on solid Armillaria mellea substrate, relying on Armillaria mellea to slowly release nutrients through infection of the xylem. This can easily lead to tuber rot due to soil compaction or waterlogging, thus affecting the quality of Gastrodia elata. Furthermore, irrigating the soil with a solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid not only ensures more even nutrient distribution and avoids localized overgrowth or undergrowth of the fungus, effectively reducing the empty tuber rate to below 5%, but also results in more regular tuber shapes and significantly improved uniformity in size. Moreover, it effectively inhibits the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, reducing pesticide usage.

[0016] 2. In the technical solution of this invention, the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth provides nutrients for the growth of Gastrodia elata. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use a culture medium mainly composed of broad-leaved trees to cultivate Armillaria mellea, thus solving the problem that the activity, water content, and yield of Armillaria mellea are limited when using broad-leaved trees as the main culture medium in existing technologies. Furthermore, compared with existing complex industrial fermentation technologies, using the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth for irrigation can reduce planting costs by more than 30%, and is easy to operate, possessing the potential for large-scale promotion.

[0017] 3. The planting technology disclosed in this invention, by irrigating the soil with a solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid and carrying out field management, can enable the yield of Gastrodia elata to reach more than 600 jin per mu, and the gastrodin content of the obtained Gastrodia elata is ≥0.2%, which has high quality. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] To address the limitations in existing methods of cultivating Armillaria mellea using broad-leaved trees as the primary culture medium, which restricts the activity, moisture content, and yield of the fungus, and to the problems associated with directly sowing Gastrodia elata seeds on solid Armillaria mellea substrate and relying on the fungus to slowly release nutrients through xylem infection, which easily leads to tuber rot due to soil compaction or waterlogging, thus affecting the quality of Gastrodia elata, this invention provides a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: S10. Mix the Gastrodia elata seeds with the germination fungus evenly, and then sow them; S20. Irrigate the soil after sowing with a solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth; S30. Field management shall be carried out during the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the method for preparing the above-mentioned Armillaria mellea fermentation broth includes: A10. Inoculate and culture Armillaria mellea to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strains; A20. The activated Armillaria mellea strain of A10 was cultured in liquid to obtain a liquid Armillaria mellea strain; A30. Ferment and culture the Armillaria mellea liquid culture of A20 to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth.

[0022] In one possible implementation method, the above-mentioned inoculation and culture method includes: The above-mentioned Armillaria mellea was inoculated onto a solid culture medium and cultured at 24℃-26℃ for 7-10 days.

[0023] Optionally, the above-mentioned solid culture medium can be PDA solid culture medium.

[0024] Optionally, the above PDA culture can consist of 200g of potato, 20g of glucose, 18g of agar and 1000mL of water.

[0025] Optionally, during the above-mentioned cultivation of Armillaria mellea on solid culture medium, after 7-10 days, the mycelium of Armillaria mellea will cover the entire culture medium.

[0026] It should be noted that in the above-mentioned method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, the first step is to inoculate and cultivate Armillaria mellea. This activates any potentially aging or contaminated original strains while simultaneously removing inferior mycelia. When the cultivation temperature is 24℃-26℃, the mycelia of Armillaria mellea can resume their fastest growth rate and accumulate a large amount of extracellular enzymes and active substances, laying a high-activity foundation for subsequent fermentation. After 7-10 days, this ensures that the mycelia fully colonize the culture medium while avoiding strain aging and decline due to excessive cultivation time, ensuring that the strain remains in a vigorous logarithmic growth phase when entering the next stage of cultivation. Secondly, the activated strain is inoculated into a liquid culture medium. Compared to solid culture, liquid culture has a larger contact area for oxygen and nutrients, which can rapidly amplify the activated strain into a high-density liquid strain with a uniform distribution, avoiding delayed fermentation start-up due to insufficient inoculation. Finally, large-scale fermentation was carried out using liquid inoculum as the seed source. During the fermentation process, the Armillaria mellea mycelium secretes a large number of extracellular enzymes, such as cellulase, ligninase, and various secondary metabolites required for the growth of Gastrodia elata. The final Armillaria mellea fermentation broth not only contains mycelium but is also rich in small-molecule nutrients that have been decomposed by the mycelium's enzymes, such as amino acids and polysaccharides. Compared with traditional dry mycelium material or simple mycelial liquid, the nutrients in this fermentation broth are more easily absorbed directly by the Gastrodia elata tubers, which can significantly shorten the response time of Gastrodia elata.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the above-described liquid culture method includes: The above-mentioned activated Armillaria mellea strain was inoculated into liquid culture medium and cultured at 23℃-26℃ and 160r / min-180r / min for 48h-72h. The components of the above liquid culture medium include glucose, potato, peptone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, vitamins and water, and the pH value of the liquid culture medium is 6.0-6.5.

[0028] Alternatively, the aforementioned vitamin may be vitamin B1.

[0029] Optionally, the components of the above-mentioned liquid culture medium may be glucose 20 g / L, potato 200 g / L, peptone 2 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 g / L, magnesium sulfate 1.5 g / L and vitamin B1 0.01 g / L.

[0030] It should be noted that in the components of the above liquid culture medium, glucose and potato provide sufficient readily available carbon sources for mycelial growth, such as glucose, and complex carbon and nitrogen sources, such as potatoes, which are rich in starch, amino acids, and vitamins. This ensures rapid biomass accumulation during the logarithmic growth phase, allowing the cell concentration to reach its peak in a short time. Peptone provides an easily absorbed small-molecule peptone nitrogen source, promoting mycelial cell division and regulating the cell growth rate. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate act as buffers and enzyme cofactors, maintaining intracellular osmotic pressure balance and promoting the synthesis and secretion of extracellular enzymes, such as cellulase. Vitamins are growth factors for microorganisms, participating in sugar metabolism; an addition of 0.01 g / L can significantly shorten the lag phase of the cells and improve fermentation efficiency. When the pH of the culture medium is 6.0-6.5, the mycelium is evenly distributed in a flocculent or spherical shape, with good aeration, and is less prone to clumping and death.

[0031] Furthermore, when the culture temperature is 24℃-26℃, the mycelial metabolism of *Armillaria mellea* is vigorous, the growth rate reaches its peak, and it is not prone to high-temperature degeneration. Maintaining a shaker speed of 160-180 rpm during the culture period not only ensures sufficient dissolved oxygen in the liquid culture medium to meet the respiration requirements of aerobic fungi, but also prevents mycelial aggregation, ensuring uniform suspension of the fungal cells in the culture solution and guaranteeing that each mycelium has sufficient contact with nutrients. Cultured under these conditions for 48-72 hours, *Armillaria mellea* can be precisely controlled at the end of the logarithmic growth phase.

[0032] During the liquid culture process described above, if the culture temperature is <24℃, mycelial growth will be extremely slow, resulting in very low fermentation efficiency. If the temperature is >26℃, the cells will grow too quickly, leading to decreased vitality, insufficient synthesis of active metabolites within the mycelium, and potentially even heat-induced mycelial death, rendering the liquid culture unusable. If the shaking speed is >180 r / min or <160 r / min, excessive shear force may occur, physically cutting the mycelium and causing it to break into numerous short fragments. This not only increases energy consumption but also damages the mycelial cell structure, reduces culture activity, and may lead to insufficient dissolved oxygen, forcing the mycelium to undergo anaerobic respiration, producing metabolic byproducts such as alcohol, inhibiting growth. Simultaneously, the mycelium is prone to clumping, leading to hypoxia and necrosis of the lower cells. In addition, if the glucose concentration in the cultured components is too high, such as >30g / L, it may lead to high osmotic pressure, causing mycelial dehydration and wilting, while also causing substrate inhibition and reducing enzyme activity; if the peptone concentration is too low, such as <1g / L, it may lead to insufficient nitrogen source, weak mycelial growth, and a significant reduction in biomass, making it impossible to provide inoculum for subsequent fermentation.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the above-mentioned fermentation culture method includes: The above-mentioned Armillaria mellea liquid strain was inoculated into the fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 5%-8% and cultured for 7-8 days at 24℃-26℃ and 150r / min-200r / min. The components of the above fermentation medium include corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and water, and the pH value of the fermentation medium is 6.0-6.5.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the components of the fermentation medium are: corn flour 14g / L-16g / L, wheat bran 9g / L-11g / L, soybean meal 3g / L-5g / L, glucose 9g / L-11g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g / L-2g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.8g / L-1g / L, and water 800mL-1000mL.

[0035] Optionally, the Armillaria mellea mycelium dry weight ≥10g / L and mycelial activity ≥95% obtained by the above-mentioned method for preparing Armillaria mellea fermentation broth.

[0036] It should be noted that in the above fermentation medium, corn flour, wheat bran, and soybean meal can provide carbohydrates and plant protein for the growth of the fungi. Compared with glucose alone, this complex substrate can induce Armillaria mellea to produce more active cellulase and ligninase. These enzymes are key to the subsequent decomposition of soil organic matter and the provision of fast-acting nutrients for Gastrodia elata. Glucose can enable the fungi to start growing rapidly in the early stage of inoculation and shorten the adjustment period. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate can maintain the osmotic pressure balance of the fermentation broth and act as cofactors for enzymes to promote the secretion of mycelial metabolites. At the same time, maintaining the pH of the medium at 6.0-6.5 can inhibit the growth of contaminating bacteria and ensure good mycelial morphology and prevent autolysis.

[0037] Furthermore, when the inoculum size of *Armillaria mellea* liquid culture is 5%-8%, the adaptation period of the cells can be shortened, avoiding the risk of contamination due to competition from other microorganisms in large-scale fermentation, ensuring that the fermentation process can quickly enter the logarithmic growth phase and stably produce enzymes. Maintaining the culture temperature at 24℃-26℃ during the cultivation process ensures vigorous mycelial metabolism and the highest efficiency in synthesizing *Gastrodia elata* growth-promoting factors. Simultaneously, shaking culture at 150-200 rpm ensures sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) to meet the respiration needs of aerobic fungi, while mechanical stirring ensures full contact between the mycelium and the culture medium, avoiding physical damage to the mycelium caused by excessively high rotation speeds. Compared to the short-cycle culture of liquid cultures, 7-8 days of cultivation can enrich metabolites, resulting in peak levels of extracellular enzyme activity, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites in the fermentation broth.

[0038] During the fermentation process described above, if the inoculum size is less than 5%, the growth environment may be contaminated by other microorganisms in the early stages of growth. If the inoculum size is greater than 8%, the cell density will be too high instantaneously, the substrate will be consumed too quickly, leading to premature cell aging. In the later stages of fermentation, the fermentation broth will become turbid and have a lot of sediment, which will reduce the quality and utilization rate of the fermentation broth. If the amount of each component is changed, it may be difficult to maintain the pH value of the culture medium. When the pH value is below 6.0, the excessive acidity will inhibit mycelial extension. When the pH value is above 6.5, mycelial growth will stop, the mycelia will become thicker and the walls will thicken, and the vitality will decrease. Moreover, a high pH environment is prone to inducing an explosive contamination by other microorganisms.

[0039] The *Armillaria mellea* fermentation broth obtained by the above-mentioned method is neither simply mycelium nor a simple nutrient solution, but a complex biological agent rich in highly active extracellular enzymes, small molecule nutrients, and *Gastrodia elata* inducing factors. It has advantages such as high purity, high enzyme activity, high nutrient content, and high stability.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the above-mentioned seeding method includes: Select sandy soil with an altitude of 600m-1500m, humus content ≥20% and pH value of 5.5-6.5, deep plow to 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer and make ridges, and spray the sandy soil to sterilize until the soil moisture content is 60%-70%, let it stand for 2-3 days, and then sow the seeds. Cover the seeds with 2cm-3cm of humus soil. The width of the raised beds is 1.2m-1.3m, and the height is 18cm-22cm; the sowing density is 100 seeds / m². 2 -150 grains / m 2 .

[0041] Optionally, during the sowing process, when preparing the land, stones, weeds, and other debris that are not conducive to the growth of Gastrodia elata can be removed.

[0042] Optionally, the application rate of the above-mentioned well-rotted organic fertilizer can be 5 kg / m³. 2 .

[0043] Optionally, when spraying and sterilizing sandy soil as described above, an 800-fold dilution of chlorothalonil can be used to spray the soil.

[0044] It should be noted that during the sowing process described above, the moderate light intensity at an altitude of 600m-1500m ensured the efficient metabolism of the Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata symbiotic system. This also avoids the problems of excessive heat and humidity at low altitudes leading to tuber rot, or excessive cold at high altitudes causing slow growth, thus promoting a natural balance of temperature and humidity. When the humus content is ≥20%, it provides a sustainable carbon source for Armillaria mellea, ensuring its continuous infection of Gastrodia elata. A sandy soil pH of 5.5-6.5 provides a suitable growth environment for Gastrodia elata; excessively acidic soil inhibits mycelial growth, while excessively alkaline soil leads to nutrient fixation. Deep plowing to a depth of 30cm-40cm not only facilitates the downward penetration of Gastrodia elata roots or tubers but also increases soil porosity, ensuring the free extension and aeration of Armillaria mellea mycelia among soil particles. After spraying for sterilization, fertilize and let it stand for 2-3 days to prevent uncomposted fertilizer from decomposing and generating high heat or harmful substances that could burn the seedlings. When the sowing density is 100 seeds / m²... 2 -150 grains / m 2 This method avoids competition for light, nutrients, and space caused by overcrowding, ensuring that each Gastrodia elata plant has sufficient area for nutrient growth, thus growing into large, well-shaped commercial Gastrodia elata.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the above-mentioned irrigation treatment method includes: After sowing, apply 190 mL / m 2 -210mL / m 2 Immediately apply the above-mentioned Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution evenly to the surface of the soil after sowing; thereafter, every 7 days, apply 90 mL / m³ of the solution. 2 -110mL / m 2 The dosage is determined by irrigating with the Armillaria mellea fermentation solution until the Gastrodia elata tubers are formed. After the formation of Gastrodia elata tubers, every 10 days, at a dose of 140 mL / m 2 -160mL / m 2 The dosage is determined by irrigating the plant with the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth until the Gastrodia elata matures.

[0046] Optionally, the above-mentioned Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution can be prepared by mixing Armillaria mellea fermentation broth with water at a ratio of 1:5.

[0047] Optionally, during the above irrigation process, when performing the first stage of irrigation, i.e. the first irrigation, it is necessary to ensure that the fermentation liquid penetrates to the area around the Gastrodia elata seed.

[0048] It should be noted that the seeds of Gastrodia elata are extremely infertile when first sown with mixed germination fungi. Therefore, during the initial irrigation mentioned above, the watering rate should be 190 mL / m³. 2 -210mL / m 2The fermentation liquid should be applied evenly during irrigation. This allows the fermentation liquid to quickly spread across the soil surface and pores, ensuring that the active mycelium surrounds the seeds immediately. It also effectively stimulates cell division in the Gastrodia elata seeds, significantly improving the germination rate and ensuring sufficient carbon source for the seeds in the early stages of germination. Simultaneously, the high-density mycelium rapidly occupies the soil micro-space, inhibiting the growth of other miscellaneous bacteria and creating a safe growth microenvironment. After planting the Gastrodia elata seeds, the protocorms begin to differentiate, requiring precise nutrient targeting. Therefore, during the second stage of irrigation, irrigation should be performed every 7 days, with the fermentation liquid dosage reduced to 90 mL / m³. 2 -110mL / m 2 This ensures continuous and gentle nutrient penetration and diffusion, avoiding mycelial burn or loss caused by large-dose flushing. Furthermore, low-concentration, high-frequency irrigation maintains a dynamic balance of enzyme activity and nutrients in the soil, promoting the transformation of Gastrodia elata protocorms into tubers, reducing the proportion of small seed tubers, and increasing the base number of marketable tubers. As Gastrodia elata grows, the tubers enter a rapid expansion period, leading to a surge in dry matter accumulation. Therefore, irrigation is performed every 10 days, while simultaneously increasing the fermentation liquid dosage to 140 mL / m³. 2 -160mL / m 2 This method satisfies the enormous nutrient consumption of large tubers while also ensuring efficiency in field operations. Furthermore, the continuous infection by Armillaria mellea and the nutrients in the fermentation broth promote the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients such as gastrodin and polysaccharides within the tubers. This not only allows the gastrodia tubers to grow larger and heavier but also enhances their medicinal value and commercial grade.

[0049] During the above irrigation process, if the amount of fermentation liquid used during the first irrigation is too low, for example, <190mL / m 2 If the Armillaria mellea mycelium cannot quickly and evenly cover the sowing strip, the Gastrodia elata seeds will be in a state of prolonged starvation, resulting in a significant decrease in germination rate and a large number of empty seed shells; if the irrigation amount is greater than 210 mL / m 2 Excessive fermentation liquid can cause the soil moisture content to rise too quickly, leading to soil compaction and reduced aeration. Gastrodia elata seeds and early protocorms are also highly susceptible to suffocation and death due to lack of oxygen. During the second stage of irrigation, extending the irrigation cycle or reducing the amount of water used—for example, irrigating every 10 days with a dosage less than 90 mL / m² each time—can also cause problems. 2 If the irrigation cycle is shortened or the amount of water used per irrigation session is increased, the mycelium may penetrate the surface of the tuber and absorb nutrients from the inside, leading to hollow tubers and rot. In the third stage of irrigation, changing the irrigation cycle or the amount of water used per irrigation session may result in insufficient supply, preventing the tubers from expanding effectively, resulting in low individual plant weight and a total yield far below expectations. Alternatively, excessive mycelium may cause excessive tuber respiration, making them highly susceptible to soft rot, leading to large-scale yield reduction or even crop failure.

[0050] In one possible implementation method, the above-mentioned field management methods include: During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, maintain the soil moisture content at 60%-70%, maintain the shade of the growing environment at 70%-80%, and drain and loosen the soil in a timely manner.

[0051] Alternatively, during the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, direct sunlight can be avoided; drainage should be provided in a timely manner to prevent waterlogging in the soil; and no additional substrate should be laid, only water should be added according to the soil moisture until the Gastrodia elata grows to maturity.

[0052] Alternatively, in the later stages of the cultivation of Gastrodia elata, when the above-ground parts of the Gastrodia elata wither and the underground tubers are plump, it can be harvested manually, and the soil and fibrous roots can be removed to obtain fresh Gastrodia elata.

[0053] It should be noted that maintaining a soil moisture content of 60%-70% during the aforementioned cultivation cycle of Gastrodia elata ensures sufficient air retention in the soil, meeting the oxygen requirements for tuber respiration while also providing the necessary moisture for the extension and diffusion of Armillaria mellea mycelium. This moisture content also has a synergistic effect with the aforementioned irrigation treatment; within this range, the nutrient diffusion efficiency of the fermentation liquid is high, and Gastrodia elata responds quickly to nutrient absorption. Simultaneously, maintaining a shading level of 70%-80% during the growth cycle prevents the tubers from aging and becoming fibrous due to chlorophyll production from sunlight exposure, ensuring the tenderness and whiteness of the internal tissues. This also inhibits the excessive growth of other light-loving weeds, reducing competition in the field.

[0054] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention also provides a Gastrodia elata, which is cultivated using the above-described planting method.

[0055] The cultivation method disclosed in this invention can increase the content of gastrodin, the core component of Gastrodia elata, by 30%-50% or even higher, reaching the high-quality standard of the pharmacopoeia and possessing higher medicinal value. At the same time, during the growth of Gastrodia elata, sufficient carbon metabolic flow provides precursors for polysaccharide synthesis, and precise nutrient supply throughout the entire cycle ensures the accumulation of dry matter and active ingredients. The resulting Gastrodia elata is rich in polysaccharides and active substances, and has high nutritional value. In addition, the proportion of gastrodin with polysaccharides, hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and other components is coordinated, further improving the quality of Gastrodia elata.

[0056] Example 1 A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata includes the following steps: S10. Preparation of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, as detailed in S101-S103: S101. Inoculate Armillaria mellea onto PDA solid medium, place in a constant temperature incubator, and incubate statically at 25℃ for 8 days to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strain. The mycelium fully grows in the culture dish, is white in color, and is free from contamination by other microorganisms. S102. The activated Armillaria mellea strain obtained in S101 was inoculated into a liquid culture medium, which was prepared according to the following formula: 20g glucose, 200g potato, 2g peptone, 3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g vitamin B1 and 1000mL water. After inoculation, the culture medium was placed on a shaker and cultured at 25℃ and 170r / min for 60h to obtain the Armillaria mellea liquid strain. The mycelium was in uniform flocculent suspension, without precipitation or contamination. S103. The Armillaria mellea liquid inoculum obtained in S102 was inoculated into a fermenter at an inoculum rate of 6%. The fermentation temperature was set at 25℃ and the stirring speed at 180 r / min. The fermentation was carried out continuously for 7.5 days. After the fermentation was completed, the impurities were removed by filtration to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, which was light yellow-white in color, odorless, and had good mycelial activity. The fermentation medium was prepared according to the following ratio: 15g corn flour, 10g wheat bran, 4g soybean meal, 10g glucose, 1.5g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9g magnesium sulfate, and 1000mL water per liter of medium. S20. The solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth obtained in S10 is used to irrigate the soil after sowing, as detailed in S201-S203: S201. Select sandy soil at an altitude of 600m-1500m, with a humus content ≥20% and a pH value of 5.5-6.5. Deeply plow to a depth of 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, and then prepare raised beds with a width of 1.25m and a furrow width of 20cm. The bed surface should be flat and free of soil clods. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder (diluted 1000 times) onto the soil surface using a sprayer at a rate of 200mL / m². 2 Control the soil moisture content to 65%, let it stand for 2.5 days, and wait until the soil has no fungicide odor and the humidity is uniform before sowing. S202. Mix Gastrodia elata seeds and Osmunda japonica germination fungus at a mass ratio of 1:3, stirring gently to avoid damaging the seeds; sow by broadcasting at a rate of 120 seeds / m². 2 To determine the optimal sowing density, evenly scatter the mixed seeds on the surface of the seedbed. After sowing, cover with 2.5cm of humus soil and gently compact to prevent the soil from becoming loose. S203. Dilute the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth from S10 with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:5 to obtain an Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution. When irrigating, use a sprayer to spray evenly, ensuring the solution penetrates deep into the soil. The specific irrigation method is as follows: Irrigate immediately after sowing: at 200 mL / m 2 Apply the diluted Armillaria mellea fermentation solution evenly to the surface of the soil in the seedbed, ensuring that the soil around the seeds is in contact with the fermentation solution. Irrigation before tuber formation: Starting from the 7th day after sowing, irrigate once every 7 days, with a dosage of 100 mL / m² each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata tubers form. About 30 days after sowing, small bumps can be observed on the surface of the seedbed. The diameter can be seen by peeling away the soil. Irrigation from tuber formation to maturity: After the tubers of Gastrodia elata form, irrigate once every 10 days, with a dosage of 150 mL / m each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata matures. About 180 days after sowing, the Gastrodia elata tuber stops expanding and the skin turns pale yellow.

[0057] S30. During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, field management shall be carried out, specifically as follows: Use a hygrometer to check the soil moisture content daily. If the moisture content is below 60%, spray sterile water to replenish the moisture. In case of rain, promptly clear the furrows to drain accumulated water and prevent the soil moisture content from exceeding 70%. Maintain the soil moisture content at a stable level of 60%-70% throughout the entire process. Set up shade sheds on the planting plots and use shade nets (75% shading rate) to ensure that the shading degree of the growing environment is stable at 70%-80%; check the shade nets regularly and repair them in time if they are damaged to avoid strong sunlight shining directly on the ridges; Every 15 days, gently loosen the soil on the bed surface with a small hoe (depth ≤ 5cm) to avoid damaging the Gastrodia elata tubers and roots; 2 days after each watering, if the soil becomes compacted, loosen it in time to ensure good soil aeration; if weeds are found, remove them manually in time to avoid weeds competing with Gastrodia elata for nutrients; No chemical pesticides are used throughout the process. Soil-borne diseases are prevented by the antibacterial effect of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid and soil sterilization treatment. If a small amount of rotten hemp is found, it should be removed in time and the removed part should be disinfected with quicklime to prevent the spread of disease. 180 days after sowing, the tubers of Gastrodia elata mature. They are then manually dug up by gently digging open the soil from one side of the bed to remove the tubers, avoiding damage to the epidermis. The soil and fibrous roots are then removed to obtain fresh Gastrodia elata.

[0058] The finished Gastrodia elata is obtained through S10-S30.

[0059] During the preparation of the S10 Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, the final fermentation broth was tested, and the results showed that the dry weight of the Armillaria mellea mycelium could reach 12 g / L, and the mycelial activity was 98%.

[0060] During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, the number of empty nests was checked regularly and statistics were compiled. The final statistics showed that the empty nest rate was <3.2%.

[0061] Ten fresh Gastrodia elata plants were randomly selected from the obtained finished product, and the core indicators were tested. The results were as follows: The average weight of each Gastrodia elata tuber is ≥85g, with a regular shape, smooth skin, and no hollow or deformed parts; the content of gastrodin is >0.52%, and the content of Gastrodia elata polysaccharide is >12.5%; the total yield reaches ≥1800kg / mu, the first-grade product rate is ≥88%, and there are no rotten or hollow tubers.

[0062] Example 2 A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata includes the following steps: S10. Preparation of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, as detailed in S101-S103: S101. Inoculate Armillaria mellea onto PDA solid medium, place in a constant temperature incubator, and incubate statically at 26℃ for 7 days to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strain. The mycelium fully grows in the culture dish, is white in color, and is free from contamination by other microorganisms. S102. The activated Armillaria mellea strain obtained in S101 was inoculated into a liquid culture medium, which was prepared according to the following formula: 20g glucose, 200g potato, 2g peptone, 3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g vitamin B1 and 1000mL water. After inoculation, the culture medium was placed on a shaker and cultured at 26℃ and 180r / min for 72h to obtain the Armillaria mellea liquid strain. The mycelium was in uniform flocculent suspension, without precipitation or contamination. S103. The Armillaria mellea liquid inoculum obtained in S102 was inoculated into a fermenter at an inoculum rate of 8%. The fermentation temperature was set at 26℃ and the stirring speed at 200 r / min. The fermentation was carried out continuously for 8 days. After the fermentation was completed, the impurities were removed by filtration to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, which was light yellow-white in color, odorless, and had good mycelial activity. The fermentation medium was prepared according to the following ratio: 14 g corn flour, 9 g wheat bran, 3 g soybean meal, 9 g glucose, 1 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8 g magnesium sulfate, and 800 mL water per liter of medium. S20. The solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth obtained in S10 is used to irrigate the soil after sowing, as detailed in S201-S203: S201. Select sandy soil at an altitude of 600m-1500m, with a humus content ≥20% and a pH value of 5.5-6.5. Deeply plow to a depth of 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, and then prepare raised beds with a width of 1.3m and a furrow width of 22cm. The bed surface should be flat and free of soil clods. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder (diluted 1000 times) onto the soil surface using a sprayer at a rate of 200mL / m². 2 Control the soil moisture content to 70%, let it stand for 3 days, and wait until the soil has no odor of fungicide and the humidity is uniform before sowing. S202. Mix Gastrodia elata seeds and Osmunda japonica germination fungus at a mass ratio of 1:3, stirring gently to avoid damaging the seeds; sow by broadcasting at a rate of 150 seeds / m². 2To determine the optimal sowing density, evenly scatter the mixed seeds on the surface of the seedbed. After sowing, cover with 3cm of humus soil and gently compact to prevent the soil from becoming loose. S203. Dilute the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth from S10 with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:5 to obtain an Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution. When irrigating, use a sprayer to spray evenly, ensuring the solution penetrates deep into the soil. The specific irrigation method is as follows: Irrigate immediately after sowing: at 210 mL / m 2 Apply the diluted Armillaria mellea fermentation solution evenly to the surface of the soil in the seedbed, ensuring that the soil around the seeds is in contact with the fermentation solution. Irrigation before tuber formation: Starting from the 7th day after sowing, irrigate once every 7 days, with a dosage of 110 mL / m² each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata tubers form. About 30 days after sowing, small bumps can be observed on the surface of the seedbed. The diameter can be seen by peeling away the soil. Irrigation from tuber formation to maturity: After the tubers of Gastrodia elata form, irrigate once every 10 days, with a dosage of 160 mL / m each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata matures. About 180 days after sowing, the Gastrodia elata tuber stops expanding and the skin turns pale yellow.

[0063] S30. During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, field management shall be carried out, specifically as follows: Use a hygrometer to check the soil moisture content daily. If the moisture content is below 60%, spray sterile water to replenish the moisture. In case of rain, promptly clear the furrows to drain accumulated water and prevent the soil moisture content from exceeding 70%. Maintain the soil moisture content at a stable level of 60%-70% throughout the entire process. Set up shade sheds on the planting plots and use shade nets (75% shading rate) to ensure that the shading degree of the growing environment is stable at 70%-80%; check the shade nets regularly and repair them in time if they are damaged to avoid strong sunlight shining directly on the ridges; Every 15 days, gently loosen the soil on the bed surface with a small hoe (depth ≤ 5cm) to avoid damaging the Gastrodia elata tubers and roots; 2 days after each watering, if the soil becomes compacted, loosen it in time to ensure good soil aeration; if weeds are found, remove them manually in time to avoid weeds competing with Gastrodia elata for nutrients; No chemical pesticides are used throughout the process. Soil-borne diseases are prevented by the antibacterial effect of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid and soil sterilization treatment. If a small amount of rotten hemp is found, it should be removed in time and the removed part should be disinfected with quicklime to prevent the spread of disease. 180 days after sowing, the tubers of Gastrodia elata mature. They are then manually dug up by gently digging open the soil from one side of the bed to remove the tubers, avoiding damage to the epidermis. The soil and fibrous roots are then removed to obtain fresh Gastrodia elata.

[0064] The finished Gastrodia elata is obtained through S10-S30.

[0065] During the preparation of the S10 Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, the final fermentation broth was tested, and the results showed that the dry weight of Armillaria mellea mycelia was >12g / L and the mycelial activity was >98%.

[0066] During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, the number of empty nests was checked regularly and statistics were compiled. The final statistics showed that the empty nest rate was <2.2%.

[0067] Ten fresh Gastrodia elata plants were randomly selected from the obtained finished product, and the core indicators were tested. The results were as follows: The average weight of each Gastrodia elata tuber is ≥87g, with a regular shape, smooth skin, and no hollow or deformed parts; the content of gastrodin is >0.50%, and the content of Gastrodia elata polysaccharide is >11.5%; the total yield reaches more than 1900kg / mu, the first-grade product rate is more than 90%, and there are no rotten or hollow tubers.

[0068] Example 3 A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata includes the following steps: S10. Preparation of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, as detailed in S101-S103: S101. Inoculate Armillaria mellea onto PDA solid medium, place in a constant temperature incubator, and incubate statically at 24℃ for 10 days to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strain. The mycelium fully grows in the culture dish, is white in color, and is free from contamination by other microorganisms. S102. The activated Armillaria mellea strain obtained in S101 was inoculated into a liquid culture medium, which was prepared according to the following formula: 20g glucose, 200g potato, 2g peptone, 3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g vitamin B1 and 1000mL water. After inoculation, the culture medium was placed on a shaker and cultured at 23℃ and 160r / min for 48h to obtain the Armillaria mellea liquid strain. The mycelium was in uniform flocculent suspension, without precipitation or contamination. S103. The Armillaria mellea liquid inoculum obtained in S102 was inoculated into a fermenter at an inoculum rate of 5%. The fermentation temperature was set at 24℃ and the stirring speed at 150 r / min. The fermentation was carried out continuously for 7 days. After the fermentation was completed, the impurities were removed by filtration to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, which was light yellow-white in color, odorless, and had good mycelial activity. The fermentation medium was prepared according to the following ratio: 16 g corn flour, 11 g wheat bran, 5 g soybean meal, 11 g glucose, 2 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 g magnesium sulfate, and 1000 mL water per liter of medium. S20. The solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth obtained in S10 is used to irrigate the soil after sowing, as detailed in S201-S203: S201. Select sandy soil at an altitude of 600m-1500m, with a humus content ≥20% and a pH value of 5.5-6.5. Deeply plow to a depth of 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, and then prepare raised beds with a width of 1.3m and a furrow width of 22cm. The bed surface should be flat and free of soil clods. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder (diluted 1000 times) onto the soil surface using a sprayer at a rate of 200mL / m². 2 Control the soil moisture content to 70%, let it stand for 3 days, and wait until the soil has no odor of fungicide and the humidity is uniform before sowing. S202. Mix Gastrodia elata seeds and Osmunda japonica germination fungus at a mass ratio of 1:3, stirring gently to avoid damaging the seeds; sow by broadcasting at a rate of 100 seeds / m². 2 To determine the optimal sowing density, evenly scatter the mixed seeds on the surface of the seedbed. After sowing, cover with 3cm of humus soil and gently compact to prevent the soil from becoming loose. S203. Dilute the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth from S10 with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:5 to obtain an Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution. When irrigating, use a sprayer to spray evenly, ensuring the solution penetrates deep into the soil. The specific irrigation method is as follows: Irrigate immediately after sowing: at 190 mL / m 2 Apply the diluted Armillaria mellea fermentation solution evenly to the surface of the soil in the seedbed, ensuring that the soil around the seeds is in contact with the fermentation solution. Irrigation before tuber formation: Starting from the 7th day after sowing, irrigate once every 7 days, with a dosage of 90 mL / m² each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata tubers form. About 30 days after sowing, small bumps can be observed on the surface of the seedbed. The diameter can be seen by peeling away the soil. Irrigation from tuber formation to maturity: After the tubers of Gastrodia elata form, irrigate once every 10 days, with a dosage of 140 mL / m each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata matures. About 180 days after sowing, the Gastrodia elata tuber stops expanding and the skin turns pale yellow.

[0069] S30. During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, field management shall be carried out, specifically as follows: Use a hygrometer to check the soil moisture content daily. If the moisture content is below 60%, spray sterile water to replenish the moisture. In case of rain, promptly clear the furrows to drain accumulated water and prevent the soil moisture content from exceeding 70%. Maintain the soil moisture content at a stable level of 60%-70% throughout the entire process. Set up shade sheds on the planting plots and use shade nets (75% shading rate) to ensure that the shading degree of the growing environment is stable at 70%-80%; check the shade nets regularly and repair them in time if they are damaged to avoid strong sunlight shining directly on the ridges; Every 15 days, gently loosen the soil on the bed surface with a small hoe (depth ≤ 5cm) to avoid damaging the Gastrodia elata tubers and roots; 2 days after each watering, if the soil becomes compacted, loosen it in time to ensure good soil aeration; if weeds are found, remove them manually in time to avoid weeds competing with Gastrodia elata for nutrients; No chemical pesticides are used throughout the process. Soil-borne diseases are prevented by the antibacterial effect of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid and soil sterilization treatment. If a small amount of rotten hemp is found, it should be removed in time and the removed part should be disinfected with quicklime to prevent the spread of disease. 180 days after sowing, the tubers of Gastrodia elata mature. They are then manually dug up by gently digging open the soil from one side of the bed to remove the tubers, avoiding damage to the epidermis. The soil and fibrous roots are then removed to obtain fresh Gastrodia elata.

[0070] The finished Gastrodia elata is obtained through S10-S30.

[0071] Comparative Example 1 In Example 2, Comparative Example 1 was set up. Compared with Example 1, the planting method of Comparative Example 1 was as follows: The specific method for cultivating Armillaria mellea using broad-leaved forests is as follows: wash and chop the leaves of broad-leaved trees, and steam them in boiling water. Then add glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate, lay them out, inoculate with Armillaria mellea, and cover with sawdust. Cultivate at a constant temperature of 22-25℃ for 30-40 days to obtain Armillaria mellea wood. The obtained Armillaria mellea material was spread evenly in the bed in S20 of Example 2, and then at a density of 150 grains / m². 2 Sow the Gastrodia elata seeds at the appropriate sowing density, then cover them with 3cm of humus soil and gently compact it to prevent the soil from loosening. Then, the field management method of S30 in Example 2 was used for management, and the finished product Gastrodia elata was obtained through cultivation.

[0072] Ten fresh Gastrodia elata plants were randomly selected from the finished product obtained in Comparative Example 1, and the core indicators were tested. The results were as follows: The average weight of each Gastrodia elata tuber is ≥47g, with varying shapes and sizes, relatively smooth skin, and a small number of hollow and deformed tubers; the content of gastrodin is <0.20%, and the content of Gastrodia elata polysaccharide is <6.5%; the total yield is <1500kg / mu, and the first-grade product rate is <50%.

[0073] Comparative Example 2 A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata includes the following steps: S10. Preparation of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, as detailed in S101-S103: S101. Inoculate Armillaria mellea onto PDA solid medium, place in a constant temperature incubator, and incubate statically at 22℃ for 11 days to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strain. The mycelium fully grows in the culture dish, is white in color, and is free from contamination by other microorganisms. S102. The activated Armillaria mellea strain obtained in S101 was inoculated into a liquid culture medium, which was prepared according to the following formula: 20g glucose, 200g potato, 2g peptone, 3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g vitamin B1 and 1000mL water. After inoculation, the culture medium was placed on a shaker and cultured at 22℃ and 150r / min for 80h to obtain the Armillaria mellea liquid strain. The mycelium was in uniform flocculent suspension, without precipitation or contamination. S103. The Armillaria mellea liquid inoculum obtained in S102 was inoculated into a fermenter at an inoculum rate of 4%. The fermentation temperature was set at 22℃ and the stirring speed at 130 r / min. Fermentation was carried out continuously for 9 days. After fermentation, impurities were removed by filtration to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, which was light yellow-white in color, odorless, and had good mycelial activity. The fermentation medium was prepared according to the following ratio: 15g corn flour, 10g wheat bran, 4g soybean meal, 10g glucose, 1.5g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9g magnesium sulfate, and 1000mL water per liter of medium. S20. The solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth obtained in S10 is used to irrigate the soil after sowing, as detailed in S201-S203: S201. Select sandy soil at an altitude of 600m-1500m, with a humus content ≥20% and a pH value of 5.5-6.5. Deeply plow to a depth of 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, and then prepare raised beds with a width of 1.25m and a furrow width of 20cm. The bed surface should be flat and free of soil clods. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder (diluted 1000 times) onto the soil surface using a sprayer at a rate of 200mL / m². 2 Control the soil moisture content to 65%, let it stand for 2.5 days, and wait until the soil has no fungicide odor and the humidity is uniform before sowing. S202. Mix Gastrodia elata seeds and Osmunda japonica germination fungus at a mass ratio of 1:3, stirring gently to avoid damaging the seeds; sow by broadcasting at a rate of 80 seeds / m². 2 To determine the optimal sowing density, evenly scatter the mixed seeds on the surface of the seedbed. After sowing, cover with 2.5cm of humus soil and gently compact to prevent the soil from becoming loose. S203. Dilute the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth from S10 with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:5 to obtain an Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution. When irrigating, use a sprayer to spray evenly, ensuring the solution penetrates deep into the soil. The specific irrigation method is as follows: Irrigate immediately after sowing: at 170 mL / m 2 Apply the diluted Armillaria mellea fermentation solution evenly to the surface of the soil in the seedbed, ensuring that the soil around the seeds is in contact with the fermentation solution. Irrigation before tuber formation: Starting from the 7th day after sowing, irrigate once every 7 days, with a dosage of 70 mL / m² each time.2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata tubers form. About 30 days after sowing, small bumps can be observed on the surface of the seedbed. The diameter can be seen by peeling away the soil. Irrigation from tuber formation to maturity: After the tubers of Gastrodia elata form, irrigate once every 10 days, with a dosage of 120 mL / m each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata matures. About 180 days after sowing, the Gastrodia elata tuber stops expanding and the skin turns pale yellow.

[0074] S30. During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, field management shall be carried out, specifically as follows: Use a hygrometer to check the soil moisture content daily. If the moisture content is below 60%, spray sterile water to replenish the moisture. In case of rain, promptly clear the furrows to drain accumulated water and prevent the soil moisture content from exceeding 70%. Maintain the soil moisture content at a stable level of 60%-70% throughout the entire process. Set up shade sheds on the planting plots and use shade nets (75% shading rate) to ensure that the shading degree of the growing environment is stable at 70%-80%; check the shade nets regularly and repair them in time if they are damaged to avoid strong sunlight shining directly on the ridges; Every 15 days, gently loosen the soil on the bed surface with a small hoe (depth ≤ 5cm) to avoid damaging the Gastrodia elata tubers and roots; 2 days after each watering, if the soil becomes compacted, loosen it in time to ensure good soil aeration; if weeds are found, remove them manually in time to avoid weeds competing with Gastrodia elata for nutrients; No chemical pesticides are used throughout the process. Soil-borne diseases are prevented by the antibacterial effect of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid and soil sterilization treatment. If a small amount of rotten hemp is found, it should be removed in time and the removed part should be disinfected with quicklime to prevent the spread of disease. 180 days after sowing, the tubers of Gastrodia elata mature. They are then manually dug up by gently digging open the soil from one side of the bed to remove the tubers, avoiding damage to the epidermis. The soil and fibrous roots are then removed to obtain fresh Gastrodia elata.

[0075] The finished Gastrodia elata is obtained through S10-S30.

[0076] Comparative Example 3 A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata includes the following steps: S10. Preparation of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, as detailed in S101-S103: S101. Inoculate Armillaria mellea onto PDA solid medium, place in a constant temperature incubator, and incubate statically at 28℃ for 5 days to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strain. The mycelium fully grows in the culture dish, is white in color, and is free from contamination by other microorganisms. S102. The activated Armillaria mellea strain obtained in S101 was inoculated into a liquid culture medium, which was prepared according to the following formula: 20g glucose, 200g potato, 2g peptone, 3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.01g vitamin B1 and 1000mL water. After inoculation, the culture medium was placed on a shaker and cultured at 28℃ and 190r / min for 40h to obtain the Armillaria mellea liquid strain. The mycelium was in uniform flocculent suspension, without precipitation or contamination. S103. The Armillaria mellea liquid inoculum obtained in S102 was inoculated into a fermenter at an inoculum rate of 10%. The fermentation temperature was set at 28℃ and the stirring speed at 220 r / min. The fermentation was carried out continuously for 5 days. After the fermentation was completed, the impurities were removed by filtration to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth, which was light yellow-white in color, odorless, and had good mycelial activity. The fermentation medium was prepared according to the following ratio: 15g corn flour, 10g wheat bran, 4g soybean meal, 10g glucose, 1.5g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9g magnesium sulfate, and 1000mL water per liter of medium. S20. The solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth obtained in S10 is used to irrigate the soil after sowing, as detailed in S201-S203: S201. Select sandy soil at an altitude of 600m-1500m, with a humus content ≥20% and a pH value of 5.5-6.5. Deeply plow to a depth of 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, and then prepare raised beds with a width of 1.25m and a furrow width of 20cm. The bed surface should be flat and free of soil clods. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder (diluted 1000 times) onto the soil surface using a sprayer at a rate of 200mL / m². 2 Control the soil moisture content to 65%, let it stand for 2.5 days, and wait until the soil has no fungicide odor and the humidity is uniform before sowing. S202. Mix Gastrodia elata seeds and Osmunda japonica germination fungus at a mass ratio of 1:3, stirring gently to avoid damaging the seeds; sow by broadcasting at a rate of 80 seeds / m². 2 To determine the optimal sowing density, evenly scatter the mixed seeds on the surface of the seedbed. After sowing, cover with 2.5cm of humus soil and gently compact to prevent the soil from becoming loose. S203. Dilute the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth from S10 with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:5 to obtain an Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution. When irrigating, use a sprayer to spray evenly, ensuring the solution penetrates deep into the soil. The specific irrigation method is as follows: Irrigate immediately after sowing: at 230 mL / m 2 Apply the diluted Armillaria mellea fermentation solution evenly to the surface of the soil in the seedbed, ensuring that the soil around the seeds is in contact with the fermentation solution. Irrigation before tuber formation: Starting from the 7th day after sowing, irrigate once every 7 days, with a dosage of 130 mL / m² each time.2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata tubers form. About 30 days after sowing, small bumps can be observed on the surface of the seedbed. The diameter can be seen by peeling away the soil. Irrigation from tuber formation to maturity: After the tubers of Gastrodia elata form, irrigate once every 10 days, with a dosage of 180 mL / m each time. 2 Continue watering until the Gastrodia elata matures. About 180 days after sowing, the Gastrodia elata tuber stops expanding and the skin turns pale yellow.

[0077] S30. During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, field management shall be carried out, specifically as follows: Use a hygrometer to check the soil moisture content daily. If the moisture content is below 60%, spray sterile water to replenish the moisture. In case of rain, promptly clear the furrows to drain accumulated water and prevent the soil moisture content from exceeding 70%. Maintain the soil moisture content at a stable level of 60%-70% throughout the entire process. Set up shade sheds on the planting plots and use shade nets (75% shading rate) to ensure that the shading degree of the growing environment is stable at 70%-80%; check the shade nets regularly and repair them in time if they are damaged to avoid strong sunlight shining directly on the ridges; Every 15 days, gently loosen the soil on the bed surface with a small hoe (depth ≤ 5cm) to avoid damaging the Gastrodia elata tubers and roots; 2 days after each watering, if the soil becomes compacted, loosen it in time to ensure good soil aeration; if weeds are found, remove them manually in time to avoid weeds competing with Gastrodia elata for nutrients; No chemical pesticides are used throughout the process. Soil-borne diseases are prevented by the antibacterial effect of Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid and soil sterilization treatment. If a small amount of rotten hemp is found, it should be removed in time and the removed part should be disinfected with quicklime to prevent the spread of disease. 180 days after sowing, the tubers of Gastrodia elata mature. They are then manually dug up by gently digging open the soil from one side of the bed to remove the tubers, avoiding damage to the epidermis. The soil and fibrous roots are then removed to obtain fresh Gastrodia elata.

[0078] The finished Gastrodia elata is obtained through S10-S30.

[0079] Comparative Example 4 The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that in S203, the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth obtained in S10 is diluted with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:7, while the other steps are the same.

[0080] Comparative Example 5 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 5 differs in that: in S203, the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth obtained in S10 is diluted with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:3, while the other steps are the same.

[0081] Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 5 differs from Example 1 in that: in step 203, irrigation is only performed immediately after sowing: at 200 mL / m 2 The dosage is specified, and the diluted Armillaria mellea fermentation solution is evenly poured onto the surface of the soil in the seedbed to ensure that the soil around the seeds can come into contact with the fermentation solution; the steps of watering before tuber formation and watering from tuber formation to maturity are omitted, and the remaining steps are the same.

[0082] The finished Gastrodia elata products obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0083] Based on the comparison data of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, it is clear that the Gastrodia elata cultivation method protected by this invention has significant advantages in yield, quality, and cultivation stability. The synergistic effect of various parameter combinations, irrigation methods, and dilution ratios has a significant impact on the growth effect of Gastrodia elata. A detailed explanation is provided below: Examples 1-3 all achieved excellent planting results, with yields exceeding 1780 kg / mu. Example 1 had the highest yield at 1900 kg / mu, followed by Example 2 at 1780 kg / mu and Example 3 at 1820 kg / mu, all significantly higher than the comparative examples. In terms of quality indicators, all three showed a gastrodin content of over 0.49%, a polysaccharide content ≥12%, an average single weight ≥82g, an empty loft rate ≤3%, a rotten loft rate ≤0.4%, and a first-grade product rate ≥84%, demonstrating stable high-yield and high-quality characteristics.

[0084] Comparative Example 1 used a traditional planting method, cultivating Armillaria mellea using broad-leaved trees as the culture medium without watering with Armillaria mellea fermentation liquid. Compared with Example 1, the planting effect was significantly different. The table data shows that its yield was only 1450 kg / mu, a decrease of 23.7% compared to Example 1; the gastrodin content was only 0.18%, less than 31% of Example 1; the polysaccharide content was 6.2%, only 47% of Example 1; and the average single weight was 47g, less than 53% of Example 1. At the same time, its empty tuber rate was as high as 12.5%, the rotten tuber rate was 8.3%, and the first-grade product rate was only 47%. The main reason is that the traditional solid substrate releases nutrients slowly and unevenly, easily leading to soil compaction and waterlogging, which in turn causes the tubers to rot. Furthermore, the broad-leaved tree culture medium restricts the activity of Armillaria mellea, failing to provide sufficient and stable nutrition for the growth of Gastrodia elata. This fully highlights the breakthrough advantage of the planting method of this invention compared to traditional methods.

[0085] Comparative Example 2, with a yield of 1520 kg / mu, a gastrodin content of 0.31%, and a polysaccharide content of 8.5%, was significantly lower than that of Examples 1-3. The empty lodging rate (8.6%) and the rotten lodging rate (4.2%) also increased substantially, indicating weak overall growth of Gastrodia elata. Comparative Example 3, with a yield of 1580 kg / mu and a gastrodin content of 0.35%, was slightly higher than Comparative Example 2, but still far lower than that of Examples 1-3. The rotten lodging rate (5.1%) and the empty lodging rate (7.3%) remained at relatively high levels. The comparison shows that exceeding or falling below the temperature, time, inoculation amount, and irrigation amount specified in Examples 1-3 disrupts the symbiotic relationship between Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata, leading to a significant decrease in planting effectiveness.

[0086] In Comparative Example 4, the dilution ratio of fermentation broth to water was changed to 1:7. The excessive dilution resulted in a low concentration of effective components in the fermentation broth, leading to insufficient supply of Armillaria mellea mycelium and nutrients required for the growth of Gastrodia elata. Although the irrigation cycle and dosage were the same as in Example 1, it still could not meet the nutritional needs of Gastrodia elata at different growth stages. Therefore, its yield of 1610 kg / mu, gastrodin content of 0.38%, and polysaccharide content of 9.4% were all lower than those in Examples 1-3. The empty nest rate of 6.5% and the rotten Gastrodia elata rate of 3.3% were also higher than those in Examples 1-3. Comparative Example 5, with a dilution ratio of 1:3, resulted in an excessively low concentration of active ingredients in the fermentation broth. This led to overly vigorous growth of *Armillaria mellea* mycelium, which easily penetrated the epidermis of the *Gastrodia elata* tuber and absorbed nutrients from the tuber. Simultaneously, the excessively high concentration of fermentation broth disrupted the soil microenvironment, reducing soil aeration and causing *Gastrodia elata* tuber rot. Consequently, its rot rate reached 6.7%. Although the yield was 1650 kg / mu and the gastrodin content was 0.41%, slightly higher than Comparative Example 4, it was still far lower than Examples 1-3, and the quality stability was poor. The two comparisons clearly demonstrate that a 1:5 dilution ratio of fermentation broth to water is the optimal ratio. This ratio ensures a moderate concentration of active ingredients in the fermentation broth, providing sufficient nutrition for *Gastrodia elata* growth while avoiding the adverse effects of excessively high or low concentrations. This is one of the key parameters for ensuring planting effectiveness.

[0087] Comparative Example 6 only applied the fermentation liquid once after sowing, without further irrigation, which is fundamentally different from the phased irrigation method of this invention. The nutritional needs of Gastrodia elata vary significantly at different growth stages. Sufficient nutrients are needed in the early sowing stage to promote seed germination; a gentle and continuous supply of nutrients is needed during the protocorm differentiation stage to promote tuber formation; and a large amount of nutrients is needed during the tuber enlargement stage to ensure dry matter accumulation. A single irrigation cannot meet the nutritional needs of different stages, leading to nutrient supply interruption, poor protocorm differentiation, and insufficient tuber enlargement. Therefore, its planting effect is the worst, with a yield of only 1380 kg / mu, a gastrodin content of 0.25%, a polysaccharide content of 7.3%, an average single weight of 55g, an empty seedling rate as high as 15.2%, a rotten tuber rate of 11.6%, and a first-grade product rate of only 42%. This fully demonstrates that phased irrigation is one of the core advantages of the planting method of this invention, enabling precise nutrient supply and ensuring the healthy growth of Gastrodia elata throughout its entire growth process.

[0088] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata, characterized in that, The planting method includes: Mix the Gastrodia elata seeds with the germination fungus evenly, and then sow them; The soil after sowing was treated with a solution of Armillaria mellea fermentation broth. Field management is carried out during the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth includes: Armillaria mellea was inoculated and cultured to obtain activated Armillaria mellea strains; The activated Armillaria mellea strain was subjected to liquid culture to obtain a liquid Armillaria mellea strain; The liquid culture of Armillaria mellea was fermented to obtain the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inoculation and culture method includes: The Armillaria mellea was inoculated onto a solid culture medium and cultured at 24℃-26℃ for 7-10 days.

4. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid culture method includes: The activated Armillaria mellea strain was inoculated into liquid culture medium and cultured at 23℃-26℃ and 160r / min-180r / min for 48h-72h. The liquid culture medium comprises glucose, potato, peptone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, vitamins, and water, and has a pH of 6.0-6.

5.

5. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fermentation culture method includes: The liquid strain of Armillaria mellea was inoculated into the fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 5%-8% and cultured for 7-8 days at 24℃-26℃ and 150r / min-200r / min. The fermentation medium comprises corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and water, and has a pH of 6.0-6.

5.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing method includes: Select sandy soil with an altitude of 600m-1500m, humus content ≥20% and pH value of 5.5-6.5, deep plow to 30cm-40cm, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer and make ridges, and spray the sandy soil to sterilize until the soil moisture content is 60%-70%, let it stand for 2-3 days, and then sow the seeds. Cover the seeds with 2cm-3cm of humus soil. The width of the raised beds is 1.2m-1.3m, and the seeding density is 18cm-22cm; the seeding density is 100 seeds / m². 2 -150 grains / m 2 .

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irrigation treatment method includes: After sowing, administer at 190 mL / m 2 -210mL / m 2 Immediately apply the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth solution evenly to the surface of the soil after sowing; thereafter, every 7 days, apply 90 mL / m³ of the solution. 2 -110mL / m 2 The dosage is determined by irrigating with the Armillaria mellea fermentation solution until the Gastrodia elata tubers are formed. After the formation of the Gastrodia elata tuber, every 10 days, at a dose of 140 mL / m 2 -160mL / m 2 The dosage is determined by irrigating the plant with the Armillaria mellea fermentation broth until the Gastrodia elata matures.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field management methods include: During the growth cycle of Gastrodia elata, the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-70%, the shade level of the growing environment should be maintained at 70%-80%, and drainage and soil loosening should be carried out in a timely manner.

9. The planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The components of the fermentation medium are: corn flour 14g / L-16g / L, wheat bran 9g / L-11g / L, soybean meal 3g / L-5g / L, glucose 9g / L-11g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g / L-2g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.8g / L-1g / L, and water 800mL-1000mL.

10. A type of Gastrodia elata, characterized in that, The gastrodia elata is cultivated by the planting method described in any one of claims 1-9.

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