Intelligent control system for tidal cycle irrigation of phalaenopsis cut flower pure coco coir substrate

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural automation control, and discloses a tidal type circulating irrigation intelligent management and control system special for phalaenopsis cut flower pure coconut husk substrate, which comprises a substrate tidal level end, an ion balance end and a flowering period adaptation end; by setting the capillary wetting threshold of the pure coconut husk substrate at different growth stages and formulating tidal circulation standard parameters, the pertinence of water and fertilizer management of the substrate at different growth stages is ensured, and the actual wetting height and liquid phase distribution state inside the substrate are tracked in real time, so that whether the wetting fault problem of different wetting processes of the deep layer and the surface layer of the substrate is detected in real time, the uniformity of the wetting state of the substrate is ensured, the risk of the root system simultaneously facing the double stresses of oxygen deficiency and drought is reduced, the ion enrichment offset is calculated, whether the salt accumulation anomaly of the pure coconut husk substrate occurs is judged in real time, and the risk of the ion concentration drift of the root system environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural automation control technology, specifically to a smart management and control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers. Background Technology

[0002] Phalaenopsis cut flowers refer to the commercial production model of Phalaenopsis orchids for the purpose of harvesting flower branches. It requires long and straight flower stalks, neat inflorescences, and long vase life. It also has extremely high requirements for root aeration and water-fertilizer consistency. Tidal circulation irrigation is a facility agriculture irrigation technology that simulates the principle of natural tides. It uses bottom water supply to periodically submerge and drain the cultivation substrate, and combines it with fertilizer and water recycling and disinfection to achieve closed-loop circulation.

[0003] Currently, the large-scale, tidal cultivation of Phalaenopsis cut flowers in a high-water-retention pure coconut coir substrate involves complex physical, chemical, and biological coupling processes. Existing general irrigation management models are unable to capture in real time the phenomenon of vertical water migration obstruction caused by capillary action within the substrate when dealing with such special planting scenarios. When the wetting process of the deep and surface layers of the substrate is asynchronous, the roots are easily subjected to long-term stress of hypoxia and drought, making it impossible to ensure the balance of water and fertilizer absorption by the plant.

[0004] Therefore, a smart control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a smart tidal circulating irrigation system for Phalaenopsis cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate. This system solves the problem mentioned in the background technology, which easily leads to the root system being on the verge of long-term oxygen deficiency and drought stress, making it impossible to ensure the balance of water and fertilizer absorption by the plant.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a special intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers, the system including a substrate tidal level end, an ion balance end, and a flowering period adaptation end; The substrate tidal level end is used to set the capillary infiltration threshold of pure coconut coir substrate under tidal irrigation, formulate standard parameters for tidal cycle, track the liquid phase distribution state inside the substrate in real time, determine whether the actual infiltration height deviates from the capillary infiltration threshold, and dynamically correct the tidal cycle after deviation occurs. The obtained infiltration state data is synchronously used as the backend operation benchmark. The ion balance end is used to collect the physicochemical characteristics of pure coconut coir substrate exudate by using the tidal circulation standard parameters and real-time immersion status output by the substrate tidal level end, match the ion concentration benchmark of the root environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during the corresponding growth period, calculate the ion enrichment offset, judge the salt accumulation anomaly, and trigger the circulating water exchange strategy when the ion concentration exceeds the standard. The obtained ion environment data is synchronously used as the input basis for the flowering period adaptation end. The flowering period adaptation end is used to combine the immersion status data of the substrate tidal end and the ion environment data of the ion balance end to collect the morphological development data of Phalaenopsis cut flowers, set the growth stages in stages, automatically match the water and fertilizer requirements of each stage, calculate the deviation value of water and fertilizer control, and dynamically evaluate the quality of cut flowers based on the deviation value of multiple stages.

[0007] Preferably, the matrix tidal end includes an infiltration threshold module, a tidal cycle module, and a capillary tracking module; The infiltration threshold module includes a threshold setting unit, a cyclic reference unit, and a reproductive stage unit; The threshold setting unit is used to set the capillary infiltration threshold of pure coconut coir substrate at different growth stages throughout the entire growth period of Phalaenopsis cut flowers. The cyclic reference unit is used to formulate tidal cycle standard parameters, which include the single irrigation volume of pure coconut coir substrate under standard conditions, tidal maintenance duration, receding and emptying duration, substrate saturation moisture content, and root respiration window period. The growth stage unit is used to set different tidal response parameters for Phalaenopsis cut flowers at different growth stages.

[0008] Preferably, the tidal cycle module includes a rhythm division unit and an infiltration deviation unit; The rhythm division unit is used to set up a virtual tidal time sequence grid in the Phalaenopsis cut flower cultivation area, dividing a single tidal irrigation cycle into a rapid infiltration stage, a static water holding stage, and a gravity drainage stage, and arranging the process nodes of the three stages in sequence using natural number sequence. The wetting deviation unit is used to obtain the actual wetting height inside the pure coconut coir substrate in real time through distributed data acquisition points. It calculates the gradient difference between the moisture content data at different depths at the same time in real time through comparative analysis. When the difference in moisture content between the bottom layer and the surface layer is within the preset gradient allowable range, it is judged that the substrate wetting state is uniform. When the difference in moisture content between the bottom layer and the surface layer exceeds the preset gradient allowable range, it is judged that the substrate has a wetting fault.

[0009] Preferably, the capillary tracking module includes a period correction unit and a rhythm early warning unit; The periodic correction unit is used to collect the immersion status data within the current tidal cycle. The immersion status data includes the water content data and the corresponding actual immersion height of the pure coconut coir substrate at different depths. The dispersion calculation is performed on the aforementioned data. When the dispersion calculation result is zero, it is determined that the water distribution inside the substrate is completely uniform. When the dispersion calculation result is not zero, it is determined that there is a difference in water distribution. When the water content data and actual immersion height of three or more data collection points tend to be consistent, the tidal duration is uniformly corrected to match the duration of stable data. When the data of each collection point fluctuates irregularly, the tidal duration is uniformly corrected to match the average of the historical best irrigation duration. The rhythmic early warning unit is used to report to the system when the actual infiltration height indicates that the matrix infiltration fault continues to exist, and to remind the tidal circulation irrigation intelligent management and control system that there is an abnormality in hydraulic conduction.

[0010] Preferably, the ion balance end includes an exudate tracking module, an ion detection module, and a salt washing strategy module; The exudate tracking module includes a liquid sample collection unit and an ion reference unit; The liquid sample collection unit is used to monitor the accumulation status of the exudate at the bottom of the pure coconut coir substrate in real time after tidal irrigation through virtual sampling points, and to mark the exudate sample of each tidal cycle using timestamp technology. The ion reference unit is used to obtain the ion concentration reference of the root environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during the corresponding growth period according to the tidal cycle standard parameters. The reference parameters include conductivity threshold, pH buffer zone and key ion molar concentration ratio.

[0011] Preferably, the ion detection module includes an ion enrichment unit and an accumulation warning unit; The ion enrichment unit is used to extract the ion concentration change rate, anion-cation ratio, and complexation trend parameters of organic acid radicals and inorganic ions between the current sampling time and the previous sampling time based on the exudate sample and ion concentration benchmark output by the exudate tracking module. It constructs an ion concentration drift vector, calculates the ion enrichment offset, and compares the drift vector with the safe drift interval. If the ion enrichment offset does not fall within the closed interval formed by the lower limit to the upper limit of the safe drift interval, it is judged that the pure coconut coir matrix has an abnormal salt accumulation. If it is within the interval, it is judged that the ion environment is normal. The cumulative early warning unit is used to send a logical blocking command to the reporting system when ion imbalance occurs in the pure coconut coir substrate, to remind the root environment of the risk of salt stress.

[0012] Preferably, the salt washing strategy module includes a replacement execution unit and an effect comparison unit; The replacement execution unit is used to adjust the water exchange frequency and replenishment formula of tidal irrigation in real time according to the calculated ion enrichment offset. By introducing low-ion water for matrix rinsing and replacement, ion environment data including ion concentration, pH value and conductivity are generated and pushed to the flowering period adaptation terminal in a synchronous manner. The effect comparison unit is used to compare the change trend of the adjusted ion environment data with that of the ion environment data before adjustment. When the change trend points to convergence with the ion concentration benchmark, it indicates that the salt washing strategy is effective. When the change trend deviates from the ion concentration benchmark, it indicates that the salt washing strategy is ineffective, and the backup rinsing scheme is activated until the ion concentration returns to the safe range. If the salt washing is ineffective for several consecutive times, the system is reported to issue a logic blocking command to remind feedback for manual intervention to evaluate matrix replacement.

[0013] Preferably, the flowering period adaptation module includes a morphological classification module, a fertilizer requirement matching module, and a record module; The morphological classification module includes an image analysis unit and a stage calibration unit; The image analysis unit is used to interpret the phenotypic characteristics of Phalaenopsis cut flowers in real time based on the visible light imaging acquisition results and extract morphological development data; The stage calibration unit is used to set the stages of growth and development of Phalaenopsis cut flowers, providing a calibration basis for matching the water and fertilizer requirements of each stage. The stage setting divides the entire growth period into the vegetative growth period, the reproductive transformation period, the bud swelling period, and the shelf preservation period, and arranges the four stages in sequence according to the order of growth and development.

[0014] Preferably, the fertilizer requirement matching module includes a growth correlation unit and a weight calculation unit; The growth association unit is used to extract the biomass accumulation base, environmental accumulated temperature requirement, morphogenesis target parameters and current growth redundancy parameters of Phalaenopsis cut flowers at the corresponding stage based on the growth stage calibration results output by the morphology classification module, and to construct the correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response. The weight calculation unit is used to calculate the resource allocation weight coefficient of the reproductive growth stage relative to the vegetative growth stage based on the assimilate allocation priority of different growth stages and the water and fertilizer requirements of each growth stage through a resource allocation algorithm. It then constructs a flowering period development prediction law by combining the correlation coefficient and outputs the matching degree between the current irrigation and fertilization strategy and the corresponding water and fertilizer requirements, as well as the water and fertilizer control deviation value. If the current irrigation and fertilization strategy does not simultaneously meet the requirements that the matching degree is not lower than the preset confidence level and the water and fertilizer control deviation value is within the allowable range, the system will issue a logical blocking command to remind that the irrigation strategy is out of sync with the flowering period requirements and provide feedback for manual processing.

[0015] Preferably, the record-keeping module includes a data archiving unit and a quality traceability unit; The data archiving unit is used to receive real-time tidal irrigation control data results of Phalaenopsis cut flowers throughout their entire growth period via the data storage interface. The data results include the timestamp of each tide, the immersion depth, the ion concentration change curve, the water and fertilizer control deviation value, the multi-stage deviation value dynamics, and morphological photos. The quality traceability unit is used to evaluate the quality grade of each batch of Phalaenopsis cut flowers based on the dynamic deviation values, immersion status data, and ion environment data in the archived data. When the control data is within the standard range throughout the process and the morphological indicators are excellent, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of superior quality. When the control data shows intermittent abnormalities but the morphology meets the standards after repair, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of first quality. When the control data shows continuous abnormalities and the morphological indicators are damaged, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of substandard quality. The evaluation results are then linked to the product traceability code and stored in the full growth period quality traceability database.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a smart control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this invention, by setting capillary infiltration thresholds for pure coconut coir substrate at different growth stages and establishing tidal cycle standard parameters, the targeted water and fertilizer management of the substrate at different growth stages is ensured. At the same time, by tracking the actual infiltration height and liquid phase distribution state inside the substrate in real time, it is possible to detect in real time whether there is an asynchronous infiltration discontinuity between the deep and surface layers of the substrate, ensuring the uniformity of the substrate infiltration state and reducing the risk of the root system facing the dual stresses of hypoxia and drought.

[0017] 2. In this invention, by calculating the ion enrichment offset, the system can determine in real time whether there is an abnormal salt accumulation in the pure coconut coir substrate. This enables the system to reduce the risk of ion concentration drift in the root environment. Furthermore, when there is an abnormal salt accumulation, the system can trigger a circulating water exchange strategy and a rinsing replacement scheme in real time based on the ion concentration benchmark, so that the ion environment data returns to a safe range and the stability of the substrate ion environment is guaranteed.

[0018] 3. In this invention, by automatically setting the growth stages, matching the water and fertilizer requirements of each stage in real time, and dynamically evaluating the quality of cut flowers in real time based on the deviation values ​​of water and fertilizer control at different growth stages and the deviation values ​​of multiple stages, the system can achieve accurate multi-stage control for different batches, reduce the disconnect between irrigation and fertilization strategies and the actual needs of the flowering period, and improve the uniformity and quality rate of Phalaenopsis cut flowers. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers, as described in this invention. Figure 2 This is a functional module structure diagram of the intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] For specific implementation examples, please refer to: Figures 1-2 A smart tidal irrigation system for Phalaenopsis cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate, comprising a substrate tidal level end, an ion balance end, and a flowering period adaptation end; The substrate tidal level end is used to set the capillary infiltration threshold of pure coconut coir substrate under tidal irrigation, formulate standard parameters for tidal cycle, track the liquid phase distribution state inside the substrate in real time, determine whether the actual infiltration height deviates from the capillary infiltration threshold, and dynamically correct the tidal cycle after deviation occurs. The obtained infiltration state data is synchronously used as the backend operation benchmark. The ion balance end is used to collect the physicochemical characteristics of pure coconut coir substrate exudate by using the standard parameters of tidal circulation and real-time immersion status output from the substrate tidal level end. It matches the ion concentration benchmark of the root environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during the corresponding growth period, calculates the ion enrichment offset, judges the salt accumulation anomaly, and triggers the circulating water exchange strategy when the ion concentration exceeds the standard. The obtained ion environment data is synchronously used as the input basis for the flowering period adaptation end. The flowering period adaptation end combines the immersion status data of the substrate tidal end and the ion environment data of the ion balance end to collect the morphological development data of Phalaenopsis cut flowers, sets the growth stages in stages, automatically matches the water and fertilizer requirements of each stage, calculates the deviation value of water and fertilizer control, and dynamically evaluates the quality of cut flowers based on the deviation value of multiple stages.

[0022] The matrix tidal level includes an infiltration threshold module, a tidal cycle module, and a capillary tracking module; The infiltration threshold module includes a threshold setting unit, a cyclic reference unit, and a reproductive stage unit; The threshold setting unit is used to set the capillary infiltration threshold of pure coconut coir substrate at different growth stages throughout the entire growth period of Phalaenopsis cut flowers; The cyclic reference unit is used to establish standard parameters for tidal cycles. These standard parameters include the single irrigation volume of pure coconut coir substrate under standard conditions, the duration of tidal maintenance, the duration of receding and emptying, the substrate saturation moisture content, and the root respiration window period. The growth stage unit is used to set different tidal response parameters for Phalaenopsis cut flowers at different growth stages.

[0023] The tidal cycle module includes a rhythm division unit and an infiltration deviation unit; The rhythm division unit is used to set up a virtual tidal time sequence grid in the Phalaenopsis cut flower cultivation area, dividing a single tidal irrigation cycle into a rapid infiltration stage, a static water holding stage, and a gravity drainage stage, and arranging the process nodes of the three stages in sequence using natural number sequence. The wetting deviation unit is used to obtain the actual wetting height inside the pure coconut coir substrate in real time through distributed data acquisition points. It calculates the gradient difference between moisture content data at different depths at the same time using a comparative analysis method. When the difference in moisture content between the bottom layer and the surface layer is within a preset gradient allowable range, the substrate wetting state is judged to be uniform. When the difference in moisture content between the bottom layer and the surface layer exceeds the preset gradient allowable range, it is judged that a wetting fault has occurred in the substrate. Specifically, it includes the following steps: The first average volumetric moisture content within a first preset depth range of the surface layer of the pure coconut coir substrate and the second average volumetric moisture content within a second preset depth range of the bottom layer are obtained at the same time. Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the first average volumetric water content and the second average volumetric water content, and record this absolute value as the water content gradient difference; The calculation of the water content gradient difference is achieved through the following formula: ; In the formula, Due to the difference in water content, This represents the first average volumetric water content of the surface layer. This represents the second average volumetric water content of the bottom layer. The difference in water content gradient is compared with the maximum value of the preset gradient allowable range. When the absolute value of the difference does not exceed the maximum value, it is determined that the difference in water content between the bottom layer and the surface layer is within the preset gradient allowable range.

[0024] The capillary tracking module includes a period correction unit and a rhythm early warning unit; The periodic correction unit is used to collect infiltration status data within the current tidal cycle. This data includes moisture content data at different depths of the pure coconut coir substrate and the corresponding actual infiltration height. The data is then subjected to dispersion calculation. If the dispersion result is zero, the substrate's internal moisture distribution is considered completely uniform. If the dispersion result is not zero, differences in moisture distribution are considered. When the moisture content data and actual infiltration height at three or more data collection points are consistent, the tidal duration is uniformly corrected to match the stable data. If the data at each collection point fluctuates irregularly, the tidal duration is uniformly corrected to match the average of the historical best irrigation duration. Specifically, this includes the following steps: Extract the water content values ​​from three data collection points in the infiltration state data at the same time, construct a set of water content values, and calculate the arithmetic mean of the set of water content values. The specific formula is as follows: ; In the formula, It is the arithmetic mean. For the first Measured volumetric water content at each sampling point This represents the total number of data collection points. The variance is calculated by summing the squares of the differences between each value in the set and the arithmetic mean, and then dividing by the number of values. The specific formula is as follows: ; In the formula, The variance value. It is the arithmetic mean. For the first Measured volumetric water content at each sampling point This represents the total number of data collection points. When the variance is zero, the result of the dispersion calculation is determined to be zero; when the variance is greater than zero, the result of the dispersion calculation is determined to be non-zero.

[0025] The rhythmic early warning unit is used to report to the system when the actual infiltration height indicates that the matrix infiltration fault continues to exist. This sends a logical blocking command to remind the tidal circulation irrigation intelligent management and control system that there is an abnormality in hydraulic conduction.

[0026] The ion balance module includes an exudate tracking module, an ion detection module, and a salt washing strategy module. The exudate tracking module includes a liquid sample collection unit and an ion reference unit; The liquid sample collection unit is used to monitor the accumulation of leachate at the bottom of the pure coconut coir substrate in real time after tidal irrigation through virtual sampling points, and to mark the leachate samples for each tidal cycle using timestamp technology. Specifically, it includes the following steps: During the gravity drainage phase of the tidal irrigation cycle, the accumulation status of the leachate at the bottom of the pure coconut coir substrate is monitored in real time. When the leachate reaches the preset collection volume, the virtual sampling point is triggered to record the current system clock reading, and this reading is defined as the sample timestamp. A time series index is established based on the sample timestamp, and the timestamp data is logically bound to the physicochemical characteristic data of the corresponding exudate sample to generate an exudate sample record with a time sequence identifier, which is then pushed to the ion reference unit and the ion enrichment unit. The recording logic for the sample timestamp is implemented using the following formula: ; In the formula, For the first Timestamps of exudate samples corresponding to each tidal cycle. This serves as the initial time reference for system synchronization. For the first The time interval from the start of irrigation to the time when the leachate reaches the preset collection volume for each tidal cycle. This is the cumulative sequence number of the current tidal cycle; The ion reference unit is used to obtain the ion concentration reference of the root environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during the corresponding growth period based on the tidal cycle standard parameters. The reference parameters include conductivity threshold, pH buffer zone and key ion molar concentration ratio.

[0027] The ion detection module includes an ion enrichment unit and an accumulation warning unit; The ion enrichment unit is used to extract parameters such as the rate of change of ion concentration, the ratio of increase and decrease of anions and cations, and the complexation trend of organic acid radicals and inorganic ions from the exudate sample and ion concentration benchmark output by the exudate tracking module. It constructs an ion concentration drift vector, calculates the ion enrichment offset, and compares the drift vector with the safe drift interval. If the ion enrichment offset does not fall within the closed interval formed by the lower and upper limits of the safe drift interval, it is determined that the pure coconut coir matrix has an abnormal salt accumulation; if it falls within the interval, the ion environment is considered normal. The specific steps include: Establish a three-dimensional coordinate system including ion concentration coordinate axis, acidity and alkalinity coordinate axis and ion ratio coordinate axis; The parameters of ion concentration change rate, anion-cation ratio, and complexation trend of organic acid anions and inorganic ions at the current sampling time are mapped to a three-dimensional coordinate system to generate the spatial coordinate point at the current sampling time. Using the spatial coordinates of the previous sampling time as the starting point and the spatial coordinates of the current sampling time as the ending point, a spatial vector with direction and magnitude is generated by connecting them. This spatial vector is defined as the ion concentration drift vector. The ion concentration drift vector is constructed using the following formula: ; In the formula, This is the ion concentration drift vector. This represents the rate of change in ion concentration. The rate of change in pH. This represents the rate of change in the ion ratio. , , These are the conductivity, pH value, and key ion molar concentration ratio at the current sampling time, respectively. , , These are the corresponding parameters from the previous sampling time. The time interval between two samplings; In the three-dimensional coordinate system where the ion concentration drift vector is located, a spherical numerical space is constructed with the coordinates corresponding to the ion concentration reference as the center and the preset ion concentration fluctuation tolerance value as the radius. The spherical numerical space is defined as the safe drift interval. When the endpoint coordinates of the ion concentration drift vector fall on or inside the sphere of the spherical numerical space, the ion enrichment offset is determined to be within the closed interval of the safe drift interval. The determination logic for the spherical numerical space is implemented through the following formula: ; In the formula, This is the ion concentration drift vector. This is the reference vector corresponding to the ion concentration standard. The radius of the safe drift range; When the inequality holds, the ion enrichment offset is determined to be within the closed interval of the safe drift range. The cumulative early warning unit is used to report to the system when ion imbalance occurs in the pure coconut coir substrate, issuing a logical blocking command to alert the root environment of the risk of salt stress.

[0028] The salt washing strategy module includes a replacement execution unit and an effect comparison unit; The replacement execution unit is used to adjust the water exchange frequency and replenishment formula of tidal irrigation in real time according to the calculated ion enrichment offset. By introducing low-ion water for matrix rinsing and replacement, it generates ion environment data including ion concentration, pH value and conductivity and pushes it to the flowering period adaptation end. The effect comparison unit compares the adjusted ion environment data with the ion environment data before adjustment to determine the trend. When the trend converges to the ion concentration benchmark, the salt washing strategy is effective. When the trend deviates from the ion concentration benchmark, the salt washing strategy is ineffective, and a backup rinsing scheme is activated until the ion concentration returns to the safe range. If salt washing fails multiple times consecutively, a logic blocking command is sent to the system, prompting manual intervention for matrix replacement evaluation. The specific steps include: Retrieve the reference vector corresponding to the ion concentration benchmark of the root system environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during the corresponding growth period from the ion benchmark unit, as well as the radius threshold of the safe drift range; Extract the ion concentration drift vector corresponding to the ion environment data before the salt washing strategy is executed, and extract the ion concentration drift vector corresponding to the ion environment data after the salt washing strategy is executed. The dimensions and parameter composition of the ion concentration drift vector before and after the adjustment are completely consistent with the ion concentration reference vector. Calculate the Euclidean distance between the ion concentration drift vector before adjustment, the ion concentration drift vector after adjustment, and the ion concentration reference vector, respectively. The calculation formula is as follows: ; ; In the formula, To adjust the previous distance, To adjust the distance, This is the reference vector corresponding to the ion concentration standard. To adjust the previous ion concentration drift vector, This is the adjusted ion concentration drift vector; When both conditions are met < , ≤ When the requirements are met, the trend of change is determined to converge toward the ion concentration benchmark, and the salt washing strategy is effective; when the above two requirements are not met at the same time, the trend of change is determined to deviate from the ion concentration benchmark, the salt washing strategy is ineffective, and the backup rinsing scheme is then activated.

[0029] The flowering period adaptation module includes a morphological classification module, a fertilizer requirement matching module, and a record module. The morphological classification module includes an image analysis unit and a stage calibration unit; The image analysis unit is used to interpret the phenotypic characteristics of Phalaenopsis cut flowers in real time based on the visible light imaging acquisition results and extract morphological development data; The stage calibration unit is used to set the stages of growth and development of Phalaenopsis cut flowers, providing a calibration basis for matching the water and fertilizer requirements of each stage. The stage setting divides the entire growth period into the vegetative growth period, the reproductive transformation period, the bud swelling period, and the shelf preservation period, and arranges the four stages in sequence according to the order of growth and development.

[0030] The fertilizer requirement matching module includes a growth correlation unit and a weight calculation unit; The growth correlation unit is used to extract the biomass accumulation base, environmental accumulated temperature requirement, morphogenesis target parameters, and current growth redundancy parameters of Phalaenopsis cut flowers at the corresponding stage based on the growth stage calibration results output by the morphology classification module, and to construct the correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response. Specifically, it includes the following steps: Extract the ratio of the current biomass accumulation base to the environmental accumulated temperature requirement to obtain the biomass accumulation rate per unit accumulated temperature. Extract the ratio of the current growth redundancy parameter to the morphological formation target parameter to obtain the current morphological formation progress coefficient; Calculate the product of the biomass accumulation rate per unit accumulated temperature and the current morphological formation progress coefficient, and map the product result to a preset normalization interval to obtain the correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response. The correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response is calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula, The correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response. The rate of biomass accumulation per unit accumulated temperature. This represents the current construction progress coefficient. This represents the maximum rate of biomass accumulation per unit of accumulated temperature throughout the entire growth period; The weight calculation unit is used to calculate the resource allocation weight coefficient of the reproductive growth stage relative to the vegetative growth stage based on the assimilate allocation priority at different growth stages and the water and fertilizer requirements of each growth stage, using a resource allocation algorithm. Combined with correlation coefficients, it constructs a prediction pattern for flowering development and outputs the matching degree between the current irrigation and fertilization strategy and the corresponding stage's water and fertilizer requirements, as well as the deviation value of water and fertilizer management. If the current irrigation and fertilization strategy does not simultaneously meet the requirements of a matching degree not lower than a preset confidence level and a water and fertilizer management deviation value within the allowable range, the system issues a logical blocking command, alerting the system that the irrigation strategy is out of sync with flowering needs, and prompting manual processing. The specific steps include: Retrieve assimilate allocation priority data for different growth stages, standard parameters of water and fertilizer requirements for each growth stage, and correlation coefficients for reproductive growth stage and vegetative growth stage output by the growth correlation unit. The resource allocation weight coefficient of the reproductive growth stage relative to the vegetative growth stage is calculated based on the assimilate allocation priority. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, Assign weighting coefficients to resources. Assign priority values ​​to assimilates during the reproductive growth stage. Assign priority values ​​to assimilates during the vegetative growth stage, with the weight coefficient ranging from [0,1]. The correlation coefficient is used to construct a prediction pattern for flowering period development. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the quantitative prediction value corresponding to the predicted pattern of flowering period development. Assign weighting coefficients to resources. This represents the correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response during the reproductive growth stage. The correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response during the vegetative growth stage; Based on the comparison between the current irrigation and fertilization strategies and the corresponding water and fertilizer requirements at the corresponding stages, the matching degree and the deviation value of water and fertilizer management are calculated. The formula for calculating the matching degree is as follows: ; In the formula, This is to determine the degree of matching between the current irrigation and fertilization strategies and the corresponding water and fertilizer requirements at the appropriate stage. This represents the current actual frequency of tidal irrigation. The standard tidal irrigation frequency is specified according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the corresponding stage. For the current actual ion supply concentration, The standard ion supply concentration is specified according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the corresponding stage. , The deviation weight coefficient, and satisfies + =1, the matching degree range is [0,1]; The formula for calculating the deviation value of water and fertilizer management is as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the deviation value for water and fertilizer management during the current growth stage, with a value range of [0,1]. This refers to the degree of matching between the current irrigation and fertilization strategies and the water and fertilizer requirements of the corresponding stage.

[0031] The record-keeping module includes a data archiving unit and a quality traceability unit; The data archiving unit is used to receive real-time data results on tidal irrigation management for Phalaenopsis cut flowers throughout their entire growth cycle via a data storage interface. The data results include timestamps for each tidal cycle, infiltration depth, ion concentration change curves, water and fertilizer management deviations, multi-stage deviation dynamics, and morphological photographs. Specifically, the process includes the following steps: Extract the water and fertilizer control deviation value corresponding to each completed growth stage in the entire growth period; The extracted water and fertilizer control deviation values ​​were arranged in chronological order according to the growth stage sequence. A data sequence containing a time axis and a deviation value axis is constructed. The arranged water and fertilizer management deviation values ​​are mapped to the data sequence to form a change curve reflecting the deviation trend throughout the entire growth period. This change curve is defined as the multi-stage deviation value dynamic. The mathematical expression of the multi-stage deviation dynamics is achieved through the following formula: ; In the formula, For multi-stage deviation dynamics, a time series function, For the time of the reproductive process, For the first The end time of each growth stage The total number of stages in the entire reproductive period. For the first Deviation values ​​of water and fertilizer management at each growth stage; The quality traceability unit is used to evaluate the quality grade of each batch of Phalaenopsis cut flowers based on the dynamic deviation values, immersion status data, and ion environment data in the archived data. When the control data is within the standard range throughout the process and the morphological indicators are excellent, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of superior quality. When the control data shows intermittent abnormalities but the morphology meets the standards after repair, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of first quality. When the control data shows continuous abnormalities and the morphological indicators are damaged, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of substandard quality. The evaluation results are then linked to the product traceability code and stored in the full growth period quality traceability database.

[0032] The operation steps of the intelligent control system for tidal circulation irrigation of Phalaenopsis orchids using pure coconut coir substrate are as follows: Step 1: Initialization of Tidal Cycle Reference and Capillary Wetting Threshold: The system is deployed in a tidal cultivation environment using pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers. The immersion threshold module performs initial configuration. The threshold setting unit sets the capillary immersion threshold of pure coconut coir substrate at different growth stages throughout the entire growth period of Phalaenopsis cut flowers; the cycle benchmark unit sets the standard parameters for tidal cycle, including the single irrigation volume of pure coconut coir substrate under standard conditions, the duration of tidal maintenance, the duration of receding and emptying, the substrate saturation moisture content, and the root respiration window period; the growth stage unit sets tidal response parameters for different growth stages.

[0033] Step 2: Real-time tracking and deviation identification of longitudinal migration of matrix moisture: Based on tidal cycle standard parameters, the rhythm division unit of the tidal cycle module sets a virtual tidal time sequence grid within the cultivation area, dividing a single tidal irrigation cycle into a rapid infiltration stage, a static water-holding stage, and a gravity drainage stage. The infiltration deviation unit acquires the actual infiltration height inside the pure coconut coir substrate in real time through distributed data acquisition points, and calculates the gradient difference of moisture content data at different depths at the same time using a comparative analysis method. When the difference in moisture content between the bottom layer and the surface layer is within the preset gradient allowable range, the system determines that the substrate infiltration state is uniform; when the difference exceeds the preset gradient allowable range, the system determines that an infiltration fault has occurred in the substrate.

[0034] Step 3: Dynamic Correction of Tidal Cycle and Early Warning of Hydraulic Transmission The periodic correction unit of the capillary tracking module collects infiltration status data within the current tidal cycle. This data includes moisture content data and corresponding actual infiltration heights at different depths of the pure coconut coir substrate, and performs dispersion calculations on the aforementioned data. When the dispersion calculation result is zero, it is determined that the moisture distribution inside the substrate is completely uniform; when the dispersion calculation result is not zero, it is determined that there are differences in moisture distribution. When the moisture content data and actual infiltration heights of three or more data collection points tend to be consistent, the system corrects the tidal duration to a duration matching the stable data; when the data at each collection point fluctuates irregularly, the system corrects the tidal duration to match the average of the historical best irrigation duration. The rhythmic early warning unit judges based on the actual infiltration height, and when a substrate infiltration fault persists, it reports to the system to issue a logical blocking command.

[0035] Step 4: Establishment of root environment ion concentration benchmarks and tracking of exudate: Based on the standard parameters of the tidal cycle, the ion balance unit constructs an ion concentration benchmark for the root environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during their growth period. The benchmark parameters include conductivity threshold, pH buffer zone, and key ion molar concentration ratio. The liquid sample collection unit monitors the accumulation of exudate at the bottom of the pure coconut coir substrate in real time after tidal irrigation through virtual sampling points, and uses timestamp technology to mark the exudate samples for each tidal cycle.

[0036] Step 5: Calculation of Ion Enrichment Shift and Diagnosis of Salt Accumulation Anomalies: The ion enrichment unit of the ion detection module extracts parameters such as the ion concentration change rate, the ratio of anion and cation growth, and the complexation trend of organic acid anions and inorganic ions from the exudate sample and ion concentration benchmark output by the exudate tracking module. This constructs an ion concentration drift vector, and the ion enrichment offset is calculated. The system compares the ion enrichment offset with a safe drift range. If the ion enrichment offset does not fall within the closed interval formed by the lower and upper limits of the safe drift range, the pure coconut coir matrix is ​​considered to have an abnormal salt accumulation; if the ion enrichment offset is within this closed interval, the ion environment is considered normal.

[0037] Step Six: Execution and Closed-Loop Verification of Intelligent Salt Washing Strategy: When an abnormal salt accumulation is detected, the salt leaching strategy module's replacement execution unit adjusts the water exchange frequency and replenishment formula of the tidal irrigation in real time based on the calculated ion enrichment offset. It introduces low-ion water for substrate leaching and replacement, generating ion environment data including ion concentration, pH value, and conductivity, which is then simultaneously pushed to the flowering adaptation terminal. The effect comparison unit compares the trend of the adjusted ion environment data with that before adjustment. If the trend converges to the ion concentration benchmark, the salt leaching strategy is deemed effective; if the trend deviates from the ion concentration benchmark, the salt leaching strategy is deemed ineffective, and a backup leaching scheme is activated until the ion concentration returns to a safe range. If multiple consecutive salt leaching attempts fail, the system reports a logic blocking command.

[0038] Step 7: Matching Flowering Stage Morphology with Water and Fertilizer Requirements: The flowering adaptation unit combines substrate tidal level data and ion balance data. An image analysis unit, based on visible light imaging, interprets the phenotypic characteristics of Phalaenopsis cut flowers in real time, extracting morphological development data. A stage calibration unit divides the growth and development process of Phalaenopsis cut flowers into stages: vegetative growth, reproductive transformation, bud swelling, and shelf life. The nutrient requirement matching module's growth correlation unit, based on the growth stage calibration results output by the morphological stage module, extracts the biomass accumulation base, accumulated temperature requirement, morphogenesis target parameters, and current growth redundancy parameters for each stage, constructing a correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response. A weight calculation unit, based on the assimilate allocation priority and water and nutrient requirements of different growth stages, calculates the resource allocation weight coefficient of the reproductive growth stage relative to the vegetative growth stage. Combined with the correlation coefficient, it constructs a flowering development prediction pattern, outputting the matching degree between the current irrigation and fertilization strategy and the corresponding stage's water and nutrient requirements, as well as the deviation value of water and nutrient management. If the current irrigation and fertilization strategy does not simultaneously meet the requirements that the matching degree is not lower than the preset information level and the deviation value of water and fertilizer management is within the allowable range, the system will report a logical blocking command.

[0039] Step 8: Dynamic archiving and quality grading traceability of multi-stage deviation values: The data archiving unit of the archive module receives real-time tidal irrigation control data results for the entire growth period of Phalaenopsis cut flowers through the data storage interface. The data results include the timestamp of each tide, the immersion depth, the ion concentration change curve, the water and fertilizer control deviation value, the multi-stage deviation value dynamics, and morphological photos. The quality traceability unit evaluates the quality grade of each batch of Phalaenopsis cut flowers based on the multi-stage deviation value dynamics, immersion status data, and ion environment data in the archived data. When the control data is within the standard range throughout the process and the morphological indicators are excellent, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of superior quality. When the control data shows intermittent abnormalities but the morphology meets the standards after repair, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of first quality. When the control data shows continuous abnormalities and the morphological indicators are damaged, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of substandard quality, and the evaluation results are linked to the product traceability code.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart, tidal irrigation system for Phalaenopsis orchid cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate, characterized by: The system includes a substrate tidal end, an ion balance end, and a flowering period adaptation end; The substrate tidal level end is used to set the capillary infiltration threshold of pure coconut coir substrate under tidal irrigation, formulate standard parameters for tidal cycle, track the liquid phase distribution state inside the substrate in real time, determine whether the actual infiltration height deviates from the capillary infiltration threshold, and dynamically correct the tidal cycle after deviation occurs. The obtained infiltration state data is synchronously used as the backend operation benchmark. The ion balance end is used to collect the physicochemical characteristics of pure coconut coir substrate exudate by using the tidal circulation standard parameters and real-time immersion status output by the substrate tidal level end, match the ion concentration benchmark of the root environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during the corresponding growth period, calculate the ion enrichment offset, judge the salt accumulation anomaly, and trigger the circulating water exchange strategy when the ion concentration exceeds the standard. The obtained ion environment data is synchronously used as the input basis for the flowering period adaptation end. The flowering period adaptation end is used to combine the immersion status data of the substrate tidal end and the ion environment data of the ion balance end to collect the morphological development data of Phalaenopsis cut flowers, set the growth stages in stages, automatically match the water and fertilizer requirements of each stage, calculate the deviation value of water and fertilizer control, and dynamically evaluate the quality of cut flowers based on the deviation value of multiple stages.

2. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of Phalaenopsis cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix tidal end includes an infiltration threshold module, a tidal cycle module, and a capillary tracking module; The infiltration threshold module includes a threshold setting unit, a cyclic reference unit, and a reproductive stage unit; The threshold setting unit is used to set the capillary infiltration threshold of pure coconut coir substrate at different growth stages throughout the entire growth period of Phalaenopsis cut flowers. The cyclic reference unit is used to formulate tidal cycle standard parameters, which include the single irrigation volume of pure coconut coir substrate under standard conditions, tidal maintenance duration, receding and emptying duration, substrate saturation moisture content, and root respiration window period. The growth stage unit is used to set different tidal response parameters for Phalaenopsis cut flowers at different growth stages.

3. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tidal cycle module includes a rhythm division unit and an infiltration deviation unit; The rhythm division unit is used to set up a virtual tidal time sequence grid in the Phalaenopsis cut flower cultivation area, dividing a single tidal irrigation cycle into a rapid infiltration stage, a static water holding stage, and a gravity drainage stage, and arranging the process nodes of the three stages in sequence using natural number sequence. The wetting deviation unit is used to obtain the actual wetting height inside the pure coconut coir substrate in real time through distributed data acquisition points. It calculates the gradient difference between the moisture content data at different depths at the same time in real time through comparative analysis. When the difference in moisture content between the bottom layer and the surface layer is within the preset gradient allowable range, it is judged that the substrate wetting state is uniform. When the difference in moisture content between the bottom layer and the surface layer exceeds the preset gradient allowable range, it is judged that the substrate has a wetting fault.

4. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of Phalaenopsis cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The capillary tracking module includes a period correction unit and a rhythm early warning unit; The periodic correction unit is used to collect the immersion status data within the current tidal cycle. The immersion status data includes the water content data and the corresponding actual immersion height of the pure coconut coir substrate at different depths. The dispersion calculation is performed on the aforementioned data. When the dispersion calculation result is zero, it is determined that the water distribution inside the substrate is completely uniform. When the dispersion calculation result is not zero, it is determined that there is a difference in water distribution. When the water content data and actual immersion height of three or more data collection points tend to be consistent, the tidal duration is uniformly corrected to match the duration of stable data. When the data of each collection point fluctuates irregularly, the tidal duration is uniformly corrected to match the average of the historical best irrigation duration. The rhythmic early warning unit is used to report to the system when the actual infiltration height indicates that the matrix infiltration fault continues to exist, and to remind the tidal circulation irrigation intelligent management and control system that there is an abnormality in hydraulic conduction.

5. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of Phalaenopsis orchid cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ion balance end includes an exudate tracking module, an ion detection module, and a salt washing strategy module. The exudate tracking module includes a liquid sample collection unit and an ion reference unit; The liquid sample collection unit is used to monitor the accumulation status of the exudate at the bottom of the pure coconut coir substrate in real time after tidal irrigation through virtual sampling points, and to mark the exudate sample of each tidal cycle using timestamp technology. The ion reference unit is used to obtain the ion concentration reference of the root environment of Phalaenopsis cut flowers during the corresponding growth period according to the tidal cycle standard parameters. The reference parameters include conductivity threshold, pH buffer zone and key ion molar concentration ratio.

6. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ion detection module includes an ion enrichment unit and an accumulation warning unit; The ion enrichment unit is used to extract the ion concentration change rate, anion-cation ratio, and complexation trend parameters of organic acid radicals and inorganic ions between the current sampling time and the previous sampling time based on the exudate sample and ion concentration benchmark output by the exudate tracking module. It constructs an ion concentration drift vector, calculates the ion enrichment offset, and compares the drift vector with the safe drift interval. If the ion enrichment offset does not fall within the closed interval formed by the lower limit to the upper limit of the safe drift interval, it is judged that the pure coconut coir matrix has an abnormal salt accumulation. If it is within the interval, it is judged that the ion environment is normal. The cumulative early warning unit is used to send a logical blocking command to the reporting system when ion imbalance occurs in the pure coconut coir substrate, to remind the root environment of the risk of salt stress.

7. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The salt washing strategy module includes a replacement execution unit and an effect comparison unit; The replacement execution unit is used to adjust the water exchange frequency and replenishment formula of tidal irrigation in real time according to the calculated ion enrichment offset. By introducing low-ion water for matrix rinsing and replacement, ion environment data including ion concentration, pH value and conductivity are generated and pushed to the flowering period adaptation terminal in a synchronous manner. The effect comparison unit is used to compare the change trend of the adjusted ion environment data with that of the ion environment data before adjustment. When the change trend points to convergence with the ion concentration benchmark, it indicates that the salt washing strategy is effective. When the change trend deviates from the ion concentration benchmark, it indicates that the salt washing strategy is ineffective, and the backup rinsing scheme is activated until the ion concentration returns to the safe range. If the salt washing is ineffective for several consecutive times, the system is reported to issue a logic blocking command to remind feedback for manual intervention to evaluate matrix replacement.

8. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of pure coconut coir substrate for Phalaenopsis cut flowers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flowering period adaptation module includes a morphological classification module, a fertilizer requirement matching module, and a record module. The morphological classification module includes an image analysis unit and a stage calibration unit; The image analysis unit is used to interpret the phenotypic characteristics of Phalaenopsis cut flowers in real time based on the visible light imaging acquisition results and extract morphological development data; The stage calibration unit is used to set the stages of growth and development of Phalaenopsis cut flowers, providing a calibration basis for matching the water and fertilizer requirements of each stage. The stage setting divides the entire growth period into the vegetative growth period, the reproductive transformation period, the bud swelling period, and the shelf preservation period, and arranges the four stages in sequence according to the order of growth and development.

9. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of Phalaenopsis cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The fertilizer requirement matching module includes a growth correlation unit and a weight calculation unit; The growth association unit is used to extract the biomass accumulation base, environmental accumulated temperature requirement, morphogenesis target parameters and current growth redundancy parameters of Phalaenopsis cut flowers at the corresponding stage based on the growth stage calibration results output by the morphology classification module, and to construct the correlation coefficient between growth and environmental response. The weight calculation unit is used to calculate the resource allocation weight coefficient of the reproductive growth stage relative to the vegetative growth stage based on the assimilate allocation priority of different growth stages and the water and fertilizer requirements of each growth stage through a resource allocation algorithm. It then constructs a flowering period development prediction law by combining the correlation coefficient and outputs the matching degree between the current irrigation and fertilization strategy and the corresponding water and fertilizer requirements, as well as the water and fertilizer control deviation value. If the current irrigation and fertilization strategy does not simultaneously meet the requirements that the matching degree is not lower than the preset confidence level and the water and fertilizer control deviation value is within the allowable range, the system will issue a logical blocking command to remind that the irrigation strategy is out of sync with the flowering period requirements and provide feedback for manual processing.

10. The intelligent control system for tidal circulating irrigation of Phalaenopsis orchid cut flowers using pure coconut coir substrate as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The record-keeping module includes a data archiving unit and a quality traceability unit; The data archiving unit is used to receive real-time tidal irrigation control data results of Phalaenopsis cut flowers throughout their entire growth period via the data storage interface. The data results include the timestamp of each tide, the immersion depth, the ion concentration change curve, the water and fertilizer control deviation value, the multi-stage deviation value dynamics, and morphological photos. The quality traceability unit is used to evaluate the quality grade of each batch of Phalaenopsis cut flowers based on the dynamic multi-stage deviation values, immersion state data, and ion environment data in the archived data. When the control data is within the standard range throughout the process and the morphological indicators are excellent, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of superior quality. When the control data shows intermittent abnormalities but the morphology meets the standards after repair, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of first quality. When the control data shows continuous abnormalities and the morphological indicators are damaged, the batch of cut flowers is judged to be of substandard quality. The evaluation results are then bound to the product traceability code and stored in the full growth period quality traceability database.

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