Method for inhibiting overgrowth of lawn grass on airfield and preventing birds from flying and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of airport ecological management, and specifically discloses a composition for inhibiting overgrowth of grass on an airport lawn and preventing flying birds; the composition is a two-component system, which is composed of component A and component B packaged independently. The component A is a photosensitive reactive oil phase matrix, and the component A includes, in mass fraction, 90.0-98.0 parts of epoxidized vegetable oil and 1.0-5.0 parts of a cationic photoinitiator. The epoxidized vegetable oil is selected from epoxidized soybean oil or epoxidized linseed oil with an epoxy value of greater than or equal to 6.0%. The cationic photoinitiator is selected from one or both of diaryliodonium hexafluorophosphate or triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate; the component A serves as a main material basis for film formation and provides epoxy functional groups capable of undergoing ring-opening polymerization. The technical problem that traditional vegetable oil-based photosensitive materials are difficult to completely cure or form a sticky film in an oxygen environment is solved, and the water resistance and weather resistance of the film layer are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of airport ecological management, and more specifically, it relates to a method and application for suppressing excessive growth of airport lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over. Background Technology

[0002] Airport lawns, as a vital component of the airport ecosystem, directly impact aircraft takeoff and landing safety. Excessively tall lawns provide sheltered habitats for birds, rodents, and insects, increasing the risk of bird strikes; conversely, excessively short lawns or bare ground can generate dust, affecting pilot visibility and engine lifespan. Therefore, airport lawn maintenance requires strictly controlling grass height within specific ranges and minimizing the attractiveness of the lawn area to birds.

[0003] Currently, airport lawn management mainly relies on manual or mechanical mowing and the application of chemical plant growth retardants. Frequent mechanical mowing is not only costly in terms of manpower and resources, but the noise and vibration generated during the process can also disturb surrounding organisms. If the mowed grass clippings are not disposed of promptly, they can easily breed saprophytic insects, which in turn attract insectivorous birds. Although traditional chemical growth retardants can inhibit the vertical growth of plants, their function is relatively simple, and they usually lack direct bird-repelling activity. Furthermore, some agents can easily accumulate in the soil after long-term use or cause the lawn leaves to turn yellow and lose their green color, affecting the ecological function of the lawn.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies attempt to combine plant-derived repellents with film-forming substrates, applying them to the lawn surface to form a functionalized coating, aiming to achieve the dual effects of inhibiting plant growth and repelling birds. Epoxidized plant oils, due to their wide availability and good biodegradability, are often used as film-forming matrices for such coatings, with their main curing mechanisms based on anhydride curing or photo-initiated cationic polymerization.

[0005] However, photoinitiated cationic polymerization in the open outdoor environment of airports faces significant technical obstacles, primarily manifested in incomplete curing at the air interface. Atmospheric oxygen molecules, acting as highly reactive diradicals, can rapidly react with active centers or radical intermediates in the polymerization reaction, generating inactive peroxides that inhibit chain growth. This oxygen-induced polymerization inhibition effect results in incomplete curing of the coating surface, leading to a sticky or oily state and preventing the formation of a dense, moderately hard cross-linked network structure. The uncured liquid film is easily washed away by rainwater, causing the active repellent components it encapsulates or mixes to rapidly detach from the leaf surface, significantly shortening the formulation's duration of effectiveness and failing to meet the low-frequency maintenance requirements of airport lawns. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problem that existing photocurable bird repellent agents suffer from oxygen inhibition and poor film formation, this application provides a method and application for inhibiting excessive growth of airport turfgrass and preventing bird flight.

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for inhibiting excessive growth of grass in airport lawns and preventing birds from flying over.

[0008] The composition is a two-component system consisting of separately packaged component A and component B.

[0009] Component A is a photosensitive reactive oil phase matrix, comprising, by mass parts: 90.0-98.0 parts of epoxidized vegetable oil and 1.0-5.0 parts of cationic photoinitiator. The epoxidized vegetable oil is selected from epoxidized soybean oil or epoxidized linseed oil with an epoxy value ≥6.0%. The cationic photoinitiator is selected from one or both of diaryliodonium hexafluorophosphate or triarylthionium hexafluoroantimonate. Component A serves as the main material basis for film formation, providing epoxy functional groups capable of undergoing ring-opening polymerization.

[0010] Component B is a photo-Fenton catalytically active acid phase, comprising, by mass parts: 90.0-98.0 parts bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar, 0.5-3.0 parts water-soluble ferric salt, 0.1-1.0 parts riboflavin, and 1.0-3.0 parts nonionic surfactant. The bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar has a total acid content ≥3.0% and a pH value of 2.0-3.5, providing an acidic environment and proton source for cationic polymerization. The water-soluble ferric salt is selected from ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, or ferric nitrate. The riboflavin serves as a photosensitizing ligand. The nonionic surfactant is selected from polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate or polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, used to assist in the emulsification of the oil-water two-phase mixture.

[0011] The composition is prepared by mixing component A with component B during use.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for inhibiting excessive growth of grass on airport lawns and preventing birds from flying over them.

[0013] This method uses the composition described in the first aspect above and includes the following steps: S1. Prepare component A and component B separately. When preparing component A, dissolve the cationic photoinitiator in epoxidized vegetable oil under light-protected conditions; when preparing component B, completely dissolve the water-soluble ferric salt, riboflavin, and nonionic surfactant in bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar.

[0014] S2. At the application site, mix component A and component B at a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, and shear emulsify at 1500-3000 rpm for 2-5 minutes to obtain a mixed emulsion. Through high shear action, the hydrophilic component B is dispersed in the hydrophobic component A or forms a bicontinuous phase. The nonionic surfactant reduces the surface tension at the interface, maintaining the physical stability of the emulsion during the application window.

[0015] S3, when the light intensity is ≥300W / m 2 Under natural light conditions, spray the mixed emulsion onto the surface of the turfgrass leaves at a rate of 30-60 mL / m². 2 Spraying should be performed using fan-shaped mist nozzles or hollow cone nozzles, controlling the droplet size to 150-300μm. The ambient temperature at the application site should be controlled between 15℃ and 35℃, and there should be no rainfall within 4 hours after application.

[0016] S4. The mixed emulsion is applied to the blade surface using natural light to trigger cationic ring-opening polymerization and photo-Fenton reaction, and then cured in situ to form a thin film.

[0017] The in-situ curing and its mechanism in step S4 include: Under natural light, riboflavin absorbs light energy primarily in the blue light band, transitioning to an excited state and reducing ferric ions in component B to ferrous ions. The generated ferrous ions then catalyze the peroxides present in the system, including hydroperoxides produced by the auto-oxidation of vegetable oils and dissolved oxygen, to undergo a Fenton reaction, generating highly reactive hydroxyl radicals.

[0018] The hydroxyl radicals have a dual chemical function: first, they rapidly react with oxygen on the surface of the mixed emulsion or initiate a chain reaction, eliminating the inhibitory effect of oxygen on the polymerization reaction; second, they initiate free radical cross-linking at the active sites on the epoxidized vegetable oil molecular chains.

[0019] Meanwhile, the cationic photoinitiator in component A decomposes under ultraviolet and visible light to produce super acid, which, together with the organic acid in bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar, catalyzes the cationic ring-opening polymerization reaction of the epoxy groups of the epoxidized vegetable oil to form a polyether or polyester crosslinking network.

[0020] The aforementioned free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization proceed synergistically on the blade surface, causing the emulsion to transform from a liquid state to a solid cross-linked film within 20-45 minutes.

[0021] In addition, the method includes a maintenance step: repeating steps S2 to S4 every 25-45 days to re-fertilize the lawn.

[0022] A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above composition in the preparation of an agent for the ecological management of airport lawns.

[0023] This application is based on the physical and physiological regulation mechanisms achieved by the aforementioned in-situ cured thin film: In terms of inhibiting excessive growth of turfgrass: the trace amounts of reactive oxygen species generated during the photo-Fenton reaction come into contact with the epidermal cells of the leaves and act as exogenous signaling molecules to induce the plant to produce a stress physiological response, leading to stomatal closure and increased abscisic acid synthesis, thereby inhibiting stem elongation and vegetative growth; at the same time, the cross-linked and solidified film forms a physical constraint on the leaves, limiting the longitudinal extension of cells.

[0024] In terms of bird deterrence: the riboflavin molecules fixed in the film emit yellow-green fluorescence under natural light, which uses birds' sensitivity to ultraviolet / violet light to create a repellent effect; at the same time, the complex formed by the residual ferric ions in the film and the phenolic substances in the bamboo vinegar gives the leaf surface a metallic bitter taste, preventing birds from pecking at it and insects from gnawing on it, thereby reducing bird gatherings caused by lawn seeding or pests.

[0025] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. By introducing a photo-Fenton catalytic system composed of riboflavin and iron salts, the dissolved oxygen on the surface of the system is rapidly consumed by hydroxyl radicals generated by light irradiation, effectively eliminating the inhibitory effect of oxygen on the polymerization reaction. Combined with deep ring-opening polymerization initiated by a cationic photoinitiator, epoxidized vegetable oil can achieve uniform and rapid chemical cross-linking from the surface to the interior under natural light conditions. This solves the technical problem that traditional vegetable oil-based photosensitive materials are difficult to completely cure or form sticky films in an aerobic environment, significantly improving the water resistance and weather resistance of the film.

[0026] 2. By utilizing trace amounts of reactive oxygen species generated in situ as exogenous signaling molecules, this method induces turfgrass to initiate a defense response and close its stomata, thereby inhibiting stem elongation at a physiological level without relying on traditional chemical growth inhibitors that are harmful to the soil. Simultaneously, the in-situ formed network-like cross-linked film possesses excellent hydrophobic and air-permeable properties, applying physical restraint to the leaves while avoiding leaf yellowing or respiratory obstruction caused by dense mulching, achieving eco-friendly and long-term growth inhibition management.

[0027] 3. The cured film formed by this invention fixes riboflavin with fluorescent properties and iron phenol complex with a bitter taste in a cross-linked network, giving lawn leaves a lasting visual repellency and food deterrent function. This comprehensive control function, which combines inhibiting seed formation, reducing insect food sources, fluorescent warning, and taste aversion, overcomes the shortcomings of traditional sound bird repellents that are prone to adaptation and sprayed bird repellents that are easily washed away by rainwater, effectively reducing the risk of bird strikes in airport areas. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method and application preparation process for inhibiting excessive growth of airport lawn grass and preventing birds, as provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] The main raw materials and reagents used in the following examples and comparative examples have the following sources and specifications. Reagents not specifically mentioned are all commercially available analytical grade or higher grade products.

[0031] Epoxidized soybean oil: Industrial grade, epoxy value 6.2%-6.5%, CAS number 8013-07-8; Epoxidized linseed oil: Industrial grade, epoxy value ≥9.0%, CAS No. 8016-11-3; Iodonium salt photoinitiator: Trade name Irgacure250, chemical composition is (4-methylphenyl)[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]iodonium hexafluorophosphate (75% propylene carbonate solution), CAS number 344562-80-7; Thionium salt photoinitiator: Trade name CPI-6976, chemical composition is mixed triarylthioonium hexafluoroantimonate, CAS number 109037-77-6; Bamboo vinegar: Refined grade, total acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 4.5%-5.5%, pH value is 2.5-3.0; Wood vinegar: Refined grade, total acid content (calculated as acetic acid) is 3.5%-4.5%, pH value is 3.0-3.5; Ferric sulfate: Fe2(SO4)3, purity ≥99.0%, CAS No. 10028-22-5; Ferric chloride hexahydrate: FeCl3·6H2O, purity ≥99.0%, CAS No. 10025-77-1; Riboflavin: Vitamin B2, purity ≥98.0%, CAS No. 83-88-5; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate: Trade name Tween80, chemically pure, CAS number 9005-65-6; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate: trade name Tween20, chemically pure, CAS number 9005-64-5.

[0032] Example 1 This embodiment provides a composition for inhibiting excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over the area, and its method of application. The composition is a two-component system, consisting of component A and component B. By mass parts, component A consists of 90.0 parts of epoxidized soybean oil and 5.0 parts of iodine salt photoinitiator (Irgacure250); component B consists of 90.0 parts of bamboo vinegar, 3.0 parts of ferric sulfate, 1.0 part of riboflavin and 3.0 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween80).

[0033] Please see the appendix Figure 1 The preparation and application method of this composition includes the following steps: S1. To prepare component A, under light-protected conditions with an ambient light intensity of less than 100 lux, add 5.0 parts of iodonium salt photoinitiator to 90.0 parts of epoxidized soybean oil. Stir magnetically at room temperature until the solid is completely dissolved, obtaining a clear and transparent oil phase liquid. Seal and store in the dark. To prepare component B, add 3.0 parts of ferric sulfate, 1.0 part of riboflavin, and 3.0 parts of Tween 80 sequentially to 90.0 parts of bamboo vinegar solution. Stir until all solutes are completely dissolved, obtaining a reddish-brown homogeneous solution. Seal and store.

[0034] S2. At the application site, measure 100 mL of component A and 100 mL of component B (volume ratio 1:1) and add them simultaneously to a shearing tank. At an ambient temperature of 25°C, use a high-speed disperser at a speed of 3000 rpm to shear and emulsify for 2 minutes to obtain a light yellow to brownish-yellow water-in-oil-in-water mixed emulsion.

[0035] S3. Select a light intensity of 800W / m 2 On a sunny day, within 15 minutes of mixing and emulsifying, use a backpack electric sprayer equipped with a fan-shaped mist nozzle to evenly spray the mixed emulsion onto the leaf surface of a Bermuda grass test plot at a height of 15 cm. Control the spray volume at 60 mL / m². 2 The droplet size is controlled between 150-300μm by adjusting the nozzle pressure.

[0036] S4. After spraying, the emulsion forms a hydrophobic, non-sticky, and non-sticky curing film on the surface of the lawn leaves after about 25 minutes of exposure to natural light.

[0037] Example 2 This embodiment provides a composition for inhibiting excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over the area, and its method of application. The composition consists of component A and component B. By mass parts, component A consists of 98.0 parts of epoxidized linseed oil and 1.0 part of thionium salt photoinitiator; component B consists of 98.0 parts of wood vinegar, 0.5 parts of ferric chloride hexahydrate, 0.1 parts of riboflavin and 1.0 part of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.

[0038] The preparation and application method of this composition includes the following steps: S1. When preparing component A, under light-protected conditions with an ambient light intensity of less than 100 lux, add 1.0 part of thionium salt photoinitiator to 98.0 parts of epoxidized linseed oil, stir until dissolved, and seal for storage away from light. When preparing component B, dissolve 0.5 parts of ferric chloride hexahydrate, 0.1 parts of riboflavin, and 1.0 part of Tween 20 in 98.0 parts of wood vinegar, stir evenly, and seal for storage.

[0039] S2. At the application site, measure 100 mL of component A and 300 mL of component B (volume ratio 1:3) and add them to a shearing tank. At an ambient temperature of 15°C, use a high-speed disperser to shear and emulsify at a speed of 1500 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a mixed emulsion.

[0040] S3. Select a light intensity of 450W / m 2 In cloudy weather, within 15 minutes of mixing and emulsifying, use a backpack electric sprayer equipped with a hollow cone nozzle to evenly spray the mixed emulsion onto the leaf surface of Zoysia japonica test plots at a height of 15 cm. Control the spray volume at 30 mL / m². 2 The droplet size is 150-300μm.

[0041] S4. After spraying, the emulsion forms a hydrophobic, non-sticky, and non-sticky curing film on the surface of the lawn leaves after about 40 minutes of exposure to natural light.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment provides a composition for inhibiting excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over the area, and its method of application. The composition consists of component A and component B. By mass parts, component A consists of 94.0 parts of epoxidized soybean oil and 3.0 parts of iodonium salt photoinitiator; component B consists of 94.0 parts of bamboo vinegar, 1.8 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.5 parts of riboflavin and 2.0 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.

[0043] The preparation and application method of this composition includes the following steps: S1. When preparing component A, 3.0 parts of iodonium salt photoinitiator were dissolved in 94.0 parts of epoxidized soybean oil under light-protected conditions. When preparing component B, 1.8 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.5 parts of riboflavin, and 2.0 parts of Tween 80 were completely dissolved in 94.0 parts of bamboo vinegar solution.

[0044] S2. At the application site, measure 100 mL of component A and 200 mL of component B (volume ratio 1:2) and add them to a shearing tank. At an ambient temperature of 30°C, use a high-speed disperser to shear and emulsify at a speed of 2200 rpm for 3 minutes to obtain a mixed emulsion.

[0045] S3. Select a light intensity of 600W / m 2 On a sunny day, within 15 minutes of mixing and emulsifying, a vehicle-mounted spraying system equipped with fan-shaped nozzles was used to evenly spray the mixed emulsion onto the leaf surface of tall fescue lawn test plots, which were 15 cm high. The spray volume was controlled at 45 mL / m². 2 The droplet size is 150-300μm.

[0046] S4. After spraying, the emulsion forms a hydrophobic, non-sticky, and non-sticky curing film on the surface of the lawn leaves after about 30 minutes of exposure to natural light.

[0047] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that ferric sulfate and riboflavin were not added to component B. Component B consists of 96.3 parts bamboo vinegar and 2.0 parts polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and the rest are the same.

[0048] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that in component B, an equal mass of deionized water (pH 7.0) is used instead of bamboo vinegar, and all other aspects are the same.

[0049] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that in step S2, a manual stirring rod is used to stir at 60 rpm for 1 minute instead of a high-speed disperser for shearing emulsification; all other steps are the same.

[0050] Comparative Example 4: Apply a 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder solution diluted with water, using a spray volume of 45 mL / m³. 2 As a comparison with existing technologies.

[0051] Test Example 1: Curing Performance and Rainwater Erosion Resistance Test This test aims to evaluate the film-forming and curing rates and water resistance stability of the compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 under simulated natural conditions. The specific experimental steps are as follows: a standard glass slide with dimensions of 75mm × 25mm was selected as the substrate, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol, and then dried.

[0052] Freshly prepared mixed emulsions from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 (comparative Example 3 used the mixed layered emulsion) were coated onto the surface of glass slides using a wire bar coater, with the wet film thickness controlled at 200 μm. Five parallel samples were prepared for each group of samples. The coated samples were placed in a simulated illumination chamber equipped with a xenon lamp light source, and the light intensity was adjusted to 500 W / m². 2 The ambient temperature is controlled at 25±2℃ and the relative humidity is 60%.

[0053] Starting from the initial light exposure, the surface condition of the film was checked every 2 minutes using a finger touch method. The drying time was recorded when no fingerprints or stickiness were left on the film surface upon light touch. If the film was not completely dry after 120 minutes, the timing was stopped and the condition was recorded. The partially dried sample was then compared to the partially dried sample after 120 minutes of light exposure and left at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure complete reaction.

[0054] Weigh the cured sample and record the mass as follows: The sample was then placed in an artificial rainfall simulation device at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal plane, with the nozzle positioned 30 cm above the sample. The rainfall intensity was adjusted to 50 mm / h, and the shower was continued for 30 minutes. After the showering, the sample was placed in a 30°C oven to dry to constant weight. The mass of the sample was then measured and recorded as follows. At the same time, the mass of the blank slide was measured to be... .

[0055] Calculate the film mass loss rate using the formula: The test results are summarized in Table 1.

[0056] Table 1. Summary of curing performance and rain erosion resistance test data for each embodiment and comparative example. According to the experimental data in Table 1, Examples 1 to 3 can achieve surface drying in the range of 23 to 41 minutes under light conditions, and the mass loss rate after being washed by rainwater remains in the low range of 1.42% to 2.15%, forming a stable cross-linked network structure.

[0057] In contrast, Comparative Example 1, lacking ferric sulfate and riboflavin, maintained a viscous fluid-like surface even after prolonged light exposure, exhibiting a mass loss rate as high as 48.63%. This confirms that dissolved oxygen has a significant quenching effect on active species in photoinitiated cationic polymerization systems, hindering chain growth reactions. The photo-Fenton system introduced in this invention generates hydroxyl radicals through the cyclic reaction of iron ions and riboflavin under light irradiation. These radicals preferentially react with surface oxygen, thereby creating a low-oxygen environment on the liquid film surface. This eliminates the oxygen inhibition effect on cationic photoinitiators, ensuring the smooth initiation and progress of the polymerization reaction at the air interface.

[0058] Further data shows that in Comparative Example 2, replacing the bamboo vinegar with neutral deionized water extended the surface drying time to 78 minutes, and the mass loss rate increased to 13.54%. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that the cationic ring-opening polymerization of epoxidized vegetable oils is an acid-catalyzed reaction. The organic acid components in the bamboo vinegar provide the proton environment required for the reaction, lowering the activation energy of epoxy bond ring-opening and promoting chain initiation and chain transfer processes. Under neutral conditions, the local concentration of proton acids generated solely by the photoinitiator's photolysis is insufficient to maintain a rapid polymerization rate, leading to a decrease in crosslink density and consequently a reduction in the water resistance and mechanical strength of the cured film.

[0059] Furthermore, Comparative Example 3, which used low-speed stirring instead of high-speed shear emulsification, resulted in a film mass loss rate of 9.21% and unstable surface drying time. This indicates that the microscopic dispersion state of the mixed emulsion has a direct impact on film quality. High-speed shearing disperses the oil phase into micron-sized droplets, which are stabilized by emulsifiers and riboflavin in the aqueous phase, forming uniform reaction micro-regions. This homogenized system shortens the diffusion path between active free radicals and monomers, ensuring the uniformity of the solidification reaction in spatial distribution. Conversely, simple physical mixing leads to phase separation, uneven distribution of reactive centers, and local unreacted vegetable oil is easily washed away by rainwater, compromising the integrity and protective function of the film.

[0060] Test Example 2: Test on the Inhibition Effect and Safety of Turfgrass Growth This test aims to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 on the vertical growth of turfgrass and their influence on the appearance and leaf color of the turfgrass, with the water treatment (CK) and the commercially available paclobutrazol treatment (Comparative Example 4) used as references. The specific experimental steps are as follows: A perennial ryegrass test plot with uniform growth and consistent site conditions was selected and divided into several plots of 2m × 2m each. Each treatment had three replicate plots, with a 0.5m wide isolation strip between plots. Three days before the experiment, all plots were uniformly mowed, with a stubble height controlled at 12cm, and the cut grass clippings were removed. On the day of the experiment, the pesticide solution was prepared according to the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and sprayed accordingly. A blank control group (CK) was sprayed with an equal amount of water. After spraying, irrigation was carried out according to routine turfgrass maintenance management, but no fertilization or further mowing was performed. On the 20th and 40th day after spraying, a five-point sampling method was used to randomly select 5 sampling points in each plot. The natural height of 10 turfgrass plants was measured at each sampling point, and the average value was taken as the plant height of the plot.

[0061] The growth inhibition rate (%) is calculated according to the formula: (Increase in plant height of CK group - Increase in plant height of treatment group) / Increase in plant height of CK group × 100%.

[0062] Meanwhile, on day 40, the leaf color changes of the lawns in each area were observed visually, and the presence of yellowing, wilting or scorching was recorded.

[0063] The test results are summarized in Table 2.

[0064] Table 2. Summary of test data on turfgrass growth inhibition and leaf color performance for each embodiment and comparative example. The experimental data in Table 2 show that the growth inhibition rates of the treatment groups in Examples 1 to 3 remained stable between 62.97% and 65.04% on day 40. Although slightly lower than the 75.55% of the high-concentration chemical growth inhibitor (Comparative Example 4), they were significantly better than the blank control group and other comparative examples. This sustained physical-chemical dual growth inhibition effect is due to the in-situ cured film formed by the composition on the leaf surface.

[0065] This hydrophobic membrane layer does not completely block stomata, but rather moderately restricts the transpiration and gas exchange rate of turfgrass by increasing stomatal resistance, thereby reducing the plant's photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency and slowing down longitudinal growth without causing plant death. Simultaneously, the membrane layer acts as a slow-release carrier, slowly releasing ferric sulfate or ferric chloride from the system to the leaf surface. Iron ions, as a trace element for plant growth, can promote chlorophyll synthesis at certain concentrations. This explains why the lawns in the example group exhibited a dark green color, while the chemically treated group in Comparative Example 4 showed signs of phytotoxicity, with yellowing leaf tips.

[0066] Comparative Example 1 showed a growth inhibition rate of only 11.45%, further confirming the decisive role of photo-Fenton-induced curing reaction in the persistence of the effect. Because Comparative Example 1 lacked a photo-Fenton catalytic system, it could not overcome oxygen inhibition for effective curing, and the oil sprayed onto the leaf surface remained liquid. During conventional irrigation and natural rainfall, the uncured oil was easily washed away with water, failing to maintain long-term physical coverage and active ingredient retention on the leaf surface; therefore, its growth indicators were close to those of the blank control group.

[0067] While Comparative Example 2 retained the photo-Fenton component, it removed the acidic environment of bamboo vinegar, resulting in a decrease in the polymerization rate and insufficient film density. Iron ions were dissolved or lost too quickly, causing its growth inhibition effect to drop significantly to 32.70%. Furthermore, the presence of local brown spots indicated that the unstable film may have caused local salt damage or acid corrosion.

[0068] Furthermore, the difference in mixing processes was manifested in Comparative Example 3 as uneven growth inhibition, with an inhibition rate of 42.14%, significantly lower than that of the Example group. The emulsion prepared by low-speed stirring had a larger particle size and wider distribution, resulting in a lower spreading coefficient of the solution on the leaf surface and uneven film thickness after formation. In areas with a thinner film, physical barriers failed, and the turfgrass resumed rapid growth; in areas with an excessively thick film, over-sealing or locally excessively high concentrations may occur.

[0069] This patchy growth not only affects aesthetics but also fails to meet the airport lawn's requirement for uniform height management. In contrast, the example group, through high-shear emulsification to form an encapsulated structure, ensures the adhesion and release of active ingredients on each turfgrass blade, achieving a uniform growth inhibition and greening effect across the entire lawn.

[0070] Test Example 3: Bird Avoidance Effect and Duration Test This test case aims to evaluate the repellency effect of the compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 on common birds and their persistence over time, with water treatment (CK) and commercially available paclobutrazol treatment (Comparative Example 4) as references.

[0071] The specific experimental steps are as follows: An open lawn area with frequent bird activity was selected and divided into several experimental plots of 5m × 5m, with each plot spaced 10m apart to avoid odor interference. Each treatment group had three replicate plots. On the first day of the experiment at 08:00 AM, the lawn in each plot was sprayed according to the methods described in the aforementioned examples and comparative examples.

[0072] After spraying, place a 20cm diameter circular feeding dish containing 50.0g of standard bird feed (mixed grain) in the center of each plot. On days 1, 7, and 14 after spraying, provide fresh feed at 08:00 each day, and collect the feeding dish at 08:00 the following day, weighing any remaining feed. If it rains, postpone the process to the day after the rain stops.

[0073] The bird deterrence rate is calculated using the following formula: Bird deterrence rate (%) = (Average feed intake of CK group - Average feed intake of treatment group) / Average feed intake of CK group × 100%.

[0074] The test results are summarized in Table 3.

[0075] Table 3. Summary of bird avoidance effect test data for each embodiment and comparative example. The experimental data in Table 3 show that Examples 1 to 3 maintained high bird repellency activity throughout the 14-day observation period after spraying, with the bird repellency rate remaining between 79.8% and 83.2% on day 14. This long-lasting repellency mechanism is mainly attributed to the special odor emitted by acetic acid, phenols, and ketones contained in bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar, which has an olfactory stimulating effect on birds. Compared with Comparative Example 4 (paclobutrazol) and the blank control, the composition of the present invention achieves significant biological repellency through specific active ingredients, while the simple chemical growth inhibitor paclobutrazol does not have the biological effect of preventing birds from feeding or pausing.

[0076] The data further revealed the importance of solidification film formation for the sustained release of active ingredients. Comparative Example 1 achieved a bird-repelling rate of 89.5% on day 1, comparable to the Example group, but this rate plummeted to 34.2% on day 7 and only 11.6% on day 14. This was because Comparative Example 1 lacked a photo-Fenton catalytic system, failing to initiate cationic polymerization of the epoxidized vegetable oil under aerobic conditions and thus failing to form a solidified cross-linked network. The liquid bamboo vinegar components rapidly evaporated or were lost with dew in the natural environment, leading to a rapid depletion of the odor source. In contrast, the Example group overcame oxygen inhibition through photo-Fenton reaction, forming a polymer film with a cross-linked structure on the lawn surface. This polymer network structure, acting as a sustained-release carrier, increased the mass transfer resistance to the outward diffusion of volatile substances, achieving controlled release of the bird-repelling active ingredient and thus extending its duration of action.

[0077] Comparative Example 2 showed a bird repellency rate of only 5.3% on day 1, confirming that bamboo vinegar / wood vinegar is the core material basis for the bird repellency effect in the system, and that the film-forming substrate and photoinitiator system alone cannot generate sufficient biostimulation. Comparative Example 3 showed a bird repellency rate of 45.7% on day 14, indicating that the emulsion prepared by the low-shear process had poor stability and uneven microstructure after film formation, leading to excessively rapid release or incomplete encapsulation of active ingredients in some areas. The high-speed shear emulsification process used in the Example Group constructed a stable water-in-oil-in-water structure, which, after solidification, formed a homogeneous microencapsulated system, ensuring the uniformity of the spatial distribution of active ingredients and the stability of the release rate.

[0078] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A composition for inhibiting excessive growth of grass in airport lawns and preventing birds from flying over, characterized in that, The composition is a two-component system, consisting of component A and component B; Component A is a photosensitive reactive oil phase matrix, comprising, by mass parts: epoxidized vegetable oil: 90.0-98.0 parts; cationic photoinitiator: 1.0-5.0 parts; Component B is a photo-Fenton catalytically active acid phase, comprising, by mass parts: bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar: 90.0-98.0 parts; water-soluble ferric salt: 0.5-3.0 parts; riboflavin: 0.1-1.0 parts; and nonionic surfactant: 1.0-3.0 parts. The composition is prepared by mixing component A with component B during use.

2. The composition for inhibiting excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over the airport according to claim 1, characterized in that: The epoxidized vegetable oil is selected from epoxidized soybean oil or epoxidized linseed oil with an epoxy value ≥ 6.0%; the cationic photoinitiator is selected from one or two of diaryliodonium hexafluorophosphate or triarylthionium hexafluoroantimonate.

3. The composition for inhibiting excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over the airport according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total acid content of the bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar is ≥3.0%, and the pH value is 2.0-3.5; the water-soluble trivalent iron salt is selected from one of ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, or ferric nitrate; the nonionic surfactant is selected from polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate or polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.

4. A method for inhibiting excessive growth of grass in airport lawns and preventing birds from flying over them, characterized in that, The composition for inhibiting excessive growth of airport lawn grass and preventing birds, as described in any one of claims 1-3, comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare component A and component B separately; S2. At the application site, mix component A and component B at a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, and shear emulsify at a speed of 1500-3000 rpm for 2-5 minutes to obtain a mixed emulsion. S3. Under natural light conditions with a light intensity ≥300W / m², spray the mixed emulsion onto the surface of the turfgrass leaves at a spray volume of 30-60mL / m². S4. The mixed emulsion is cured in situ on the blade surface by natural light to trigger cationic ring-opening polymerization and photo-Fenton reaction to form a thin film.

5. A method for suppressing excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over an airport, as described in claim 4, characterized in that: When preparing component A in step S1, the cationic photoinitiator needs to be dissolved in the epoxidized vegetable oil under light-protected conditions; when preparing component B, the water-soluble ferric salt, the riboflavin, and the nonionic surfactant need to be completely dissolved in the bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar.

6. The method for suppressing excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over the airport according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spraying in S3 uses a fan-shaped mist nozzle or a hollow cone nozzle to control the droplet size to 150-300μm.

7. A method for suppressing excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over an airport, as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The in-situ curing process of forming a thin film in S4 includes: the riboflavin absorbs light energy to reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions, the ferrous ions catalyze the peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals, the hydroxyl radicals eliminate oxygen inhibition and initiate free radical cross-linking, and simultaneously synergistically promote the ring-opening polymerization of epoxy groups initiated by protic acid generated by the cationic photoinitiator.

8. A method for suppressing excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over an airport, as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The ambient temperature at the application site of S3 is controlled between 15℃ and 35℃, and there is no rainfall within 4 hours after application.

9. A method for suppressing excessive growth of lawn grass and preventing birds from flying over an airport, as described in claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes maintenance steps: repeating S2 to S4 every 25-45 days to re-apply the lawn.

10. The use of any one of the compositions for inhibiting excessive growth of airport lawn grass and preventing birds in the preparation of an ecological management agent for airport lawns.

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