A kind of overfeed prevention fattening cattle premix feed and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a feed over-dosage preventing fattening cattle premix feed and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of feed premixes. The feed over-dosage preventing fattening cattle premix feed has the advantages of rumen papilla long-acting protection, efficient absorption and directional conversion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced by rumen fermentation, and high-proportion corn safe feeding and weight gain and quality improvement synergy. The application effectively overcomes a plurality of deficiencies in traditional technologies: high-starch daily ration is easy to cause rumen acidosis, resulting in damage and shedding of rumen papilla; acid-base neutralization type additives can only passively neutralize acid and cannot utilize fermentation products, resulting in low absorption efficiency of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and feed over-dosage waste; the corn addition proportion is limited by the risk of acidosis, and the advantages of high-energy raw materials cannot be fully utilized; and the application can meet the application requirements of efficient and healthy fattening of beef cattle in a high-proportion corn feeding mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of feed premix technology, and in particular to a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed overfeeding, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In the later stages of beef cattle fattening, to achieve rapid weight gain and muscle fat deposition, farmers commonly use high-proportion concentrate feed diets for intensive fattening. Corn, as the most economical energy source, typically accounts for over 50% of this concentrate feed. However, when large amounts of high-starch corn enter the rumen, they ferment rapidly under the action of rumen microorganisms, producing large amounts of volatile fatty acids. This causes a sharp drop in rumen pH, leading to subacute or chronic rumen acidosis. A persistently low pH environment erodes the rumen papillae, causing them to atrophy and detach, significantly reducing the nutrient absorption area. Feed nutrients are excreted in the feces without being fully absorbed, resulting in feed waste. Feed waste not only wastes feed and increases the feed conversion ratio but also slows weight gain and prolongs the fattening period, severely impacting the economic benefits of cattle farming.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry has developed various additive solutions. Acid-base buffers (such as sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide) temporarily raise the rumen pH through chemical neutralization, but they cannot repair damaged rumen papillae, and their buffering effect is short-lived, with acidity rapidly returning after the chyme is emptied, thus only treating the symptoms, not the root cause. Ion carrier antibiotics (such as monensin) reduce lactic acid production by inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, but their use is increasingly restricted by food safety and antibiotic reduction policies. Live yeast preparations utilize live yeast to consume oxygen in the rumen and promote the proliferation of lactic acid-utilizing bacteria, but these live yeasts have low survival rates and poor colonization capabilities in the acidic rumen environment, resulting in fluctuating effectiveness in practical applications. Plant essential oil additives rely on antibacterial activity to inhibit acid-producing bacteria, but they lack the ability to handle excess volatile fatty acids already produced, failing to fundamentally solve the problem of excess feed. In terms of rumen papillary repair, although functional additives such as butyrate and biotin claim to promote papillary epithelial cell regeneration, their repair cycle is as long as several weeks, which is difficult to match the immediate protection needs under high-intensity fattening scenarios.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, there is an urgent need to improve existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, and considering the shortcomings of existing technologies such as the high proportion of corn fed to beef cattle easily leading to rumen acidosis, resulting in severe feed waste, difficulty in repairing damaged rumen papillae, and the inability of traditional additives to achieve targeted conversion and utilization of rumen fermentation products, this invention provides a feed waste prevention premixed feed for fattening cattle, its preparation method, and its application. The feed waste prevention premixed feed for fattening cattle comprises yeast culture, *Weizmannia coagulans*, *Bacillus velezensis*, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), appetite-stimulating peptides, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E, and limestone powder. The feed premix for fattening cattle provided by this invention, through the synergistic effect of its components, forms a long-lasting physical protective layer on the surface of the rumen papillae under high-corn feeding conditions. This effectively resists the erosion of the rumen papillae by the high-acid environment, preserving the rumen's nutrient absorption area. Furthermore, it stabilizes the rumen microecological environment, promotes the efficient transmembrane absorption of volatile fatty acids, and directs the absorption of propionic acid into glucose for muscle synthesis and weight gain. Simultaneously, it directs the conversion of acetic acid and butyric acid into intramuscular fat, promoting marbling formation. This eliminates feed overload at its source, achieving efficient absorption and targeted utilization of feed nutrients. In addition, the feed premix for fattening cattle provided by this invention does not contain any acid-neutralizing additives or additional rumen buffers, simplifying the feeding process and reducing breeding costs.

[0006] This invention provides a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste, comprising the following components by weight: 15-25 parts yeast culture, 1-4 parts Weizmannia, 1-4 parts Bacillus belye, 0.5-3 parts γ-aminobutyric acid, 0.3-2 parts appetite-stimulating peptide, 1.5-4 parts vitamin A acetate, 1.5-4 parts vitamin E, and 3-6 parts limestone powder.

[0007] In this invention, the yeast culture serves as the core functional component, and its mechanism of action is as follows: After beef cattle consume the yeast culture, the mannan oligosaccharides, β-glucan, and yeast cell wall fragments abundant in the yeast culture can uniformly adhere to and coat the surface of the rumen papillae, forming a protective layer with physical barrier function. This layer continuously resists the corrosion of the rumen papillae by high concentrations of organic acids, preventing papillae atrophy and detachment, thereby preserving the rumen absorption area intact and ensuring that the volatile fatty acids produced by rumen fermentation can efficiently penetrate the rumen wall and enter the bloodstream. Simultaneously, the nucleotides, polypeptides, B vitamins, and organic acids released by the autolytic enzymes of the yeast culture can provide growth factors for rumen fiber-decomposing bacteria and lactic acid-utilizing bacteria, promoting the proliferation of lactic acid-utilizing bacteria, accelerating the metabolic transformation of lactic acid in the rumen, fundamentally alleviating the downward trend of rumen pH, and maintaining a healthy rumen fermentation environment.

[0008] In this invention, *Weizmannii* and *Bacillus belye* form a spore-producing probiotic combination. Their spore morphology endows them with high tolerance to gastric acid and bile salt environments, enabling them to effectively germinate and colonize in the rumen and intestines. After proliferating in the rumen, *Weizmannii* competitively excludes the ecological niche of lactic acid-producing bacteria, reducing excessive lactic acid production during feed fermentation and lowering the risk of acidosis at its source. *Bacillus belye* secretes various digestive enzymes such as cellulase, amylase, and protease, assisting rumen microorganisms in degrading starch and fiber components in high-corn diets, significantly improving the overall digestibility and utilization of feed. Simultaneously, the antimicrobial peptides in its metabolites inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria in the rumen, helping to maintain microecological balance. The two types of Bacillus, along with yeast culture, synergistically construct a stable rumen microecological system.

[0009] In this invention, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmitter that can effectively alleviate the stress response of beef cattle caused by the drastic fluctuations in rumen osmotic pressure and metabolic acid load resulting from the rapid fermentation of high-proportion corn. It can also reduce the nervous tension and feeding anxiety of beef cattle during the high-intensity fattening period, maintain a stable feed intake, avoid decreased feed intake and reduced feed conversion rate due to stress, and ensure the continuity of the fattening process.

[0010] In this invention, the palatability-inducing peptides stimulate the appetite of beef cattle through olfactory and gustatory receptors, improve the palatability of high-corn diets, overcome the problem of feed fatigue caused by monotonous taste in high-concentrate diets, ensure that beef cattle maintain sufficient feed intake during high-intensity fattening periods, and provide sufficient nutritional substrates for rapid weight gain.

[0011] In this invention, the vitamin A acetate exhibits superior stability in the rumen environment compared to ordinary vitamin A. It effectively maintains the integrity and normal differentiation of rumen epithelial cells and rumen papillary mucosa, accelerates the repair and regeneration of damaged papillary epithelial cells, and forms a synergistic "external protection and internal repair" effect with the physical protection of yeast culture. The vitamin E, as a fat-soluble antioxidant, protects the rumen epithelial cell membrane from free radical attack under high-acid conditions, maintains cell membrane fluidity and ion channel function, and ensures the transmembrane absorption efficiency of volatile fatty acids.

[0012] In this invention, the limestone powder (calcium carbonate) provides a calcium source and plays a moderate proton buffering role in the high-acid rumen environment. However, its addition amount is controlled to be insufficient to neutralize a large amount of gastric acid on its own. It is only used as an auxiliary regulator to maintain the ion balance of rumen fluid, while providing the calcium element required for the bone growth of beef cattle, and will not interfere with the protective and regulatory functions of yeast culture and probiotics.

[0013] Preferably, the yeast strain is selected from one or both of Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0014] Preferably, the viable count of the yeast seed culture is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL.

[0015] Preferably, the sterilized fermentation medium comprises 10-20 parts of carbon source, 3-8 parts of nitrogen source, and 0.5-2 parts of inorganic salt. The carbon source is selected from one or more of molasses, corn starch hydrolysate, or glucose. The nitrogen source is selected from one or more of soybean meal hydrolysate, ammonium sulfate, or urea. The inorganic salt is selected from one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and calcium chloride.

[0016] Preferably, the liquid fermentation temperature is 28~32℃, the pH is 5.0~6.0, the time is 36~72h, and the aeration rate is 0.8~1.5 vvm.

[0017] Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the fermentation broth to the protease is 1 ml: 0.0005~0.002 g.

[0018] Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis treatment is performed at a temperature of 50-55°C for 12-24 hours.

[0019] This invention limits the temperature range of enzymatic hydrolysis, which can maintain the high activity of proteases, promote the full degradation of yeast cell wall protein components and release intracellular active substances, and avoid enzyme inactivation due to excessively high temperature or decreased enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency below the optimal temperature.

[0020] Preferably, the vacuum concentration temperature is 50~60℃, the vacuum degree is -0.08~-0.095 MPa, and the time is 3~8h.

[0021] This invention, by limiting the temperature and vacuum level of vacuum concentration, enables rapid evaporation and removal of moisture at lower temperatures, avoiding the destruction of heat-sensitive active substances (such as nucleotides, B vitamins, and polypeptides) in yeast metabolites by high temperatures, and effectively preserving the biological integrity of yeast cultures.

[0022] Preferably, the mass ratio of the concentrate to the carrier is 1:1.5~3.

[0023] This invention ensures that the concentrated liquid is fully adsorbed onto the surface and internal pores of the carrier particles by limiting the ratio of the concentrated liquid to the carrier. This avoids uneven loading of active ingredients due to insufficient concentrated liquid or clumping of wet material and difficulty in drying due to excessive concentrated liquid, thereby ensuring subsequent drying efficiency and product uniformity.

[0024] Preferably, the carrier is selected from one or both of rice husk powder and wheat bran.

[0025] Preferably, the vacuum drying temperature is 50~60℃ and the time is 12~24h.

[0026] By limiting the temperature and time of vacuum drying, the stability of active metabolites in yeast cultures can be maintained while removing moisture, avoiding degradation or charring of active ingredients caused by high-temperature and long-term drying.

[0027] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the feed premix for fattening cattle that prevents feed overflow as described in the foregoing scheme, comprising the following steps: Yeast culture, Weizmann's bacteria, Bacillus belye, γ-aminobutyric acid, appetite stimulant peptide, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E and limestone powder are mixed and stirred at 20-30℃ to obtain a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste.

[0028] Preferably, the stirring speed is 200~300 r / min and the time is 1~2h.

[0029] By limiting the stirring speed and time, this invention can ensure that the components are evenly dispersed at room temperature, avoiding the inactivation of probiotic spores due to shear force caused by excessive speed or the destruction of heat-sensitive components such as γ-aminobutyric acid by increased temperature; at the same time, it ensures that the components of the premix are uniformly distributed and the quality is stable between batches.

[0030] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the feed-preventing fattening cattle premix described in the foregoing scheme as a premix in beef cattle feed.

[0031] In this invention, the beef cattle feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed waste, 65-75 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, and 1-5 parts of DDGS.

[0032] When using the aforementioned premixed feed for fattening cattle to formulate beef cattle diets, the ratio of 750 kg of corn per ton of concentrate supplement can be used. This is suitable for fattening beef cattle weighing over 500 kg in the later stages of fattening. During feeding, the premix is ​​thoroughly mixed with corn, soybean meal, DDGS, and conventional supplements, and allowed for free access by the beef cattle. No additional antacids or rumen buffers are required, simplifying the feeding process. DDGS is a byproduct of the production of fuel ethanol or edible alcohol from corn. It is rich in crude protein (26%–32%), crude fat (8%–12%), digestible fiber, and residual yeast fermentation metabolites, and is used as a high-quality protein feed and energy supplement in beef cattle fattening diets.

[0033] In summary, this invention provides a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed overflow. This premixed feed, by weight, comprises yeast culture, *Weizmannia*, *Bacillus belyssus*, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), appetite-stimulating peptides, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E, and limestone. The premixed feed for fattening cattle provided by this invention achieves complete protection of the rumen papillae and efficient absorption and targeted conversion of volatile fatty acids under high-proportion corn feeding conditions through the synergistic effect of the physical protection of the rumen papillae by yeast culture, the targeted regulation of the rumen microecology by *Weizmannia* and *Bacillus belyssus*, and the stable regulation of feeding behavior by γ-aminobutyric acid and appetite-stimulating peptides. This overcomes the technical bottleneck of traditional additives that can only passively neutralize acidity and cannot eliminate feed overflow at its source, achieving a breakthrough in a high-intensity feeding program that safely incorporates 750 kg of corn per ton of concentrated feed.

[0034] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a method for preparing premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed overload. This preparation method can be completed by mixing and stirring at room temperature, without the need for special high-temperature or high-pressure equipment. The process is simple, energy consumption is low, and it is suitable for large-scale continuous production.

[0035] In addition, this invention also provides a method for applying a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste as a premix in beef cattle feed. This premixed feed can be compounded with corn, soybean meal, and DDGS in a specific ratio to formulate a high-corn fattening diet. This application method does not require adjustments to existing feeding equipment and feeding management models, has strong adaptability, and can be directly integrated into existing beef cattle fattening production systems. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] The chemical reagents and raw materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are all commercially available products and have not undergone further purification or processing; the yeast strains, Weizmann's bacteria and Bacillus belesi involved are all publicly available commercial strains.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The premixed feed for fattening cattle designed to prevent feed overfeeding comprises, by weight, the following components: 20 parts yeast culture, 2 parts Weizmannia, 2 parts Bacillus belye, 1.5 parts γ-aminobutyric acid, 1 part appetite-stimulating peptide, 2.5 parts vitamin A acetate, 2.5 parts vitamin E, and 4.5 parts limestone powder. The method for preparing the yeast culture includes the following steps: The *Candida utilis* strain was inoculated into sterile fermentation medium at an inoculum volume of 5%, and liquid fermentation was carried out at 30°C and pH 5.5 for 54 hours with an aeration rate of 1.2 vvm to obtain the fermentation broth. The sterile fermentation medium consisted of 15 parts molasses, 5 parts soybean meal hydrolysate, and 1.2 parts inorganic salts, wherein the inorganic salts were composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 8:2:1. The viable count of the *Candida utilis* seed culture was 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL; The fermentation broth and protease were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 ml: 0.001 g and then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at 52°C for 18 h to obtain the hydrolysate. The enzymatic hydrolysate was concentrated under vacuum at 55°C and -0.088 MPa for 5 hours until the solid content was 40%, thus obtaining a concentrated solution. The concentrated liquid and rice husk powder were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:2, and then vacuum dried at 55°C for 18 hours until the moisture content was ≤8%, thus obtaining the yeast culture.

[0040] The method for preparing the feed premix for fattening cattle to prevent feed overload includes the following steps: Yeast culture, Weizmannii, Bacillus belye, γ-aminobutyric acid, appetite stimulant peptide, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E and limestone powder were mixed and stirred at 25℃ and 250 r / min for 1.5 h to obtain a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This embodiment provides a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed overload includes the following components by weight: 25 parts yeast culture, 4 parts Weizmannia, 4 parts Bacillus belye, 3 parts γ-aminobutyric acid, 2 parts appetite-stimulating peptides, 4 parts vitamin A acetate, 4 parts vitamin E, and 6 parts limestone powder. The method for preparing the yeast culture includes the following steps: Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated into sterile fermentation medium at an inoculum volume of 8%, and liquid fermentation was carried out at 32°C and pH 6.0 for 72 hours with an aeration rate of 1.5 vvm to obtain the fermentation broth. The sterile fermentation medium consisted of 20 parts corn starch hydrolysate, 8 parts ammonium sulfate, and 2 parts inorganic salts. The inorganic salts were composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of 10:3:0.5:0.3:0.2. The viable count of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed culture was 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL; The fermentation broth and protease were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 ml: 0.002 g, and then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at 55°C for 24 h to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysate. The enzymatic hydrolysate was concentrated under vacuum at 60°C and -0.095 MPa for 8 hours until the solid content was 50%, thus obtaining a concentrated solution. The concentrated liquid and wheat bran were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:3, and then vacuum dried at 60°C for 24 hours until the moisture content was ≤8%, thus obtaining the yeast culture.

[0043] The method for preparing the feed premix for fattening cattle to prevent feed overload includes the following steps: Yeast culture, Weizmann's bacteria, Bacillus belye, γ-aminobutyric acid, appetite stimulant peptide, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E and limestone powder were mixed and stirred at 30℃ and 300 r / min for 2 hours to obtain a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed overfeeding.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] This embodiment provides a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The premixed feed for fattening cattle designed to prevent feed overfeeding comprises, by weight, the following components: 15 parts yeast culture, 1 part Weizmannia, 1 part Bacillus belyssus, 0.5 parts γ-aminobutyric acid, 0.3 parts appetite-stimulating peptides, 1.5 parts vitamin A acetate, 1.5 parts vitamin E, and 3 parts limestone powder. The method for preparing the yeast culture includes the following steps: A mixture of *Candida utilis* and *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* at a viable count ratio of 1:1 was inoculated into sterile fermentation medium at an inoculum volume of 3%. Liquid fermentation was carried out at 28°C and pH 5.0 for 36 hours with an aeration rate of 0.8 vvm to obtain the fermentation broth. The sterile fermentation medium consisted of 10 parts glucose, 3 parts urea, and 0.5 parts inorganic salts, wherein the inorganic salts were composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate at a mass ratio of 5:1. The viable count of the seed culture of the mixed inoculum was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8CFU / mL; The fermentation broth and protease were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 ml: 0.0005 g and then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at 50°C for 12 h to obtain the hydrolysate. The enzymatic hydrolysate was concentrated under vacuum at 50°C and -0.08 MPa for 3 hours until the solid content was 30%, thus obtaining a concentrated solution. The concentrated liquid and rice husk powder were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:1.5 and then vacuum dried at 50°C for 12 hours until the moisture content was ≤8%, thus obtaining the yeast culture.

[0046] The method for preparing the feed premix for fattening cattle to prevent feed overload includes the following steps: Yeast culture, Weizmannii, Bacillus belye, γ-aminobutyric acid, appetite stimulant peptide, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E and limestone powder were mixed and stirred at 20℃ and 200 r / min for 1 h to obtain a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed overfeeding.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a premixed feed and its preparation method. The difference from Example 3 is that the yeast culture is replaced with an equal mass of wheat bran, while the remaining components and preparation steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0048] The method for preparing the premixed feed includes the following steps: Mix 15 parts wheat bran, 1 part Weizmannii, 1 part Bacillus belye, 0.5 parts γ-aminobutyric acid, 0.3 parts appetite-stimulating peptide, 1.5 parts vitamin A acetate, 1.5 parts vitamin E, and 3 parts limestone powder, and stir for 1 hour at 20℃ and 200 r / min to obtain premixed feed.

[0049] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a premixed feed and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 3 is that the components do not contain Weizmann's bacillus and Bacillus belyssus, while the remaining components and preparation steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0050] The method for preparing the premixed feed includes the following steps: Mix 15 parts of yeast culture, 0.5 parts of γ-aminobutyric acid, 0.3 parts of appetite-stimulating peptide, 1.5 parts of vitamin A acetate, 1.5 parts of vitamin E, and 3 parts of limestone powder, and stir at 20℃ and 200 r / min for 1 hour to obtain a premixed feed.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a premixed feed and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 3 is that the components do not contain γ-aminobutyric acid and appetite-stimulating peptides, while the remaining components and preparation steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0052] The method for preparing the premixed feed includes the following steps: Mix 15 parts of yeast culture, 1 part of Weizmann's bacteria, 1 part of Bacillus belye, 1.5 parts of vitamin A acetate, 1.5 parts of vitamin E, and 3 parts of limestone powder, and stir at 20℃ and 200 r / min for 1 hour to obtain premixed feed.

[0053] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a premixed feed and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 3 is that the components do not contain vitamin A acetate and vitamin E, while the remaining components and preparation steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0054] The method for preparing the premixed feed includes the following steps: Mix 15 parts of yeast culture, 1 part of Weizmann's bacteria, 1 part of Bacillus belye, 0.5 parts of γ-aminobutyric acid, 0.3 parts of appetite-stimulating peptides, and 3 parts of limestone powder, and stir at 20℃ and 200 r / min for 1 hour to obtain premixed feed.

[0055] The premixed feeds obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were used as premixes to formulate daily diets for beef cattle, and feeding trials were conducted.

[0056] The feeding ration, by weight, consists of the following components: 5 parts premixed feed (products obtained in Examples 1-3 or Comparative Examples 1-4), 70 parts corn, 15 parts soybean meal, and 5 parts DDGS. The DDGS is corn distillers grains and solubles, with a crude protein content of 28% and a crude fat content of 10%.

[0057] Eighty crossbred fattening bulls weighing 500±20kg, of uniform age, and in good health were randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 bulls each, corresponding to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. A blank control group was also included (no premixed feed was added, and the corresponding portion of the diet was supplemented with wheat bran). The diets for each group were prepared according to the above formula, with corn added at 750kg per ton of concentrate. The experimental cattle had free access to feed and water, were fed twice daily for 90 days, and no additional antacids or rumen buffers were added throughout the feeding period.

[0058] The feeding effects of the premixed feed formulations obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] The daily weight gain detection specifically includes the following steps: On the mornings of day 0 and day 90 of the experiment, each beef cattle was weighed on an empty stomach, and the initial weight and final weight were recorded. The average daily weight gain of each beef cattle was calculated according to the formula "Daily weight gain (kg / d) = (final weight - initial weight) / 90", and the average value within the group was taken.

[0060] The feed conversion rate detection specifically includes the following steps: Record the daily feed intake and remaining feed for each group of beef cattle, and calculate the total feed intake (in dry matter). Calculate the feed conversion rate for each group based on the formula: "Feed Conversion Rate = Total Feed Intake (kg) / Total Weight Gain (kg)".

[0061] The material flow index detection specifically includes the following steps: On days 80-90 of the experiment, fresh feces from each group of beef cattle were collected daily. The degree of feed conversion was assessed by the fecal starch content determination method: 50g of fresh fecal sample was taken, dried at 105℃ to constant weight, crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve, and the starch content in the feces was determined by the anthrone colorimetric method. The feed conversion index of each group was calculated according to "fecal starch content / dietary starch content × 100" and the average value over 10 days was taken.

[0062] The rumen papilla integrity test specifically includes the following steps: After the experiment, three beef cattle were randomly selected from each group for slaughter. Rumen abdominal sac tissue samples were immediately extracted, rinsed with physiological saline, and the morphology of rumen papillae was observed. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed on the rumen papillae, and the height and width of the papillae were measured under a microscope. The papilla density (number per cm³) was also recorded. 2 The scores were calculated based on the integrity of the stratum corneum and the degree of epithelial cell shedding on the nipple surface (1-5 points, with 5 points being the most complete), and the average value within each group was taken.

[0063] Table 1 Test Results

[0064] As shown in Table 1, under the condition of feeding with a high proportion of corn (750 kg of corn per ton of concentrate supplement), the premixed feeds obtained in Examples 1-3 resulted in an average daily weight gain of over 1.72 kg / d for beef cattle, a feed conversion ratio as low as 5.6-6.0, a feed efficiency index of only 2.8%-3.6%, and rumen papilla height of 5.5-6.1 mm with an integrity score of over 4.3. All indicators were significantly better than those of the comparative examples and the blank control group. Among them, Comparative Example 1 lacked yeast culture, resulting in a lack of physical protective layer on the rumen papilla, a feed efficiency index as high as 8.5%, and a papilla height of only 2.8 mm; Comparative Example 2 lacked Weizmannella and Bacillus belesiensis, resulting in a lack of rumen microecological regulation and a feed efficiency index of 7.8%; Comparative Example 3 lacked γ-aminobutyric acid and appetite-stimulating peptides, resulting in insufficient feed intake regulation function and a decrease in daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio; Comparative Example 4 lacked vitamin A acetate and vitamin E, resulting in insufficient rumen papilla repair and antioxidant protection, and a feed efficiency index of 6.0%. The blank control group, which received no premixed feed, showed the worst results for all indicators. These results indicate that the yeast culture, the combination of *Weizmannia* and *Bacillus belyssae* probiotics, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and appetite-stimulating peptides, and vitamin A acetate and vitamin E components in the premixed feed for fattening cattle provided by this invention exhibit significant synergistic effects. The absence of any one component leads to a substantial reduction in both feed overload prevention and weight gain promotion effects.

[0065] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed overfeeding, characterized in that, It includes the following components: Yeast culture, Weizmannia coagulans, Bacillus velezensis, γ-aminobutyric acid, appetite stimulants, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E, and limestone powder.

2. The premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed overload as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The components include the following parts by mass: The ingredients are: 15-25 parts yeast culture, 1-4 parts Weizmannia coagulans, 1-4 parts Bacillus velezensis, 0.5-3 parts γ-aminobutyric acid, 0.3-2 parts appetite-stimulating peptides, 1.5-4 parts vitamin A acetate, 1.5-4 parts vitamin E, and 3-6 parts limestone powder.

3. The premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed overfeeding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method for preparing the yeast culture includes the following steps: Yeast strains are inoculated into a sterile fermentation medium and subjected to liquid fermentation to obtain a fermentation broth; The fermentation broth and protease were mixed and then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the hydrolysate. The enzymatic hydrolysate was concentrated under vacuum to obtain a concentrated solution; The concentrated solution and the carrier were mixed and then vacuum dried to obtain the yeast culture.

4. The premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed overfeeding according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inoculation amount of yeast strain into the sterile fermentation medium is 3% to 8% of the volume of the sterile fermentation medium; and / or The yeast strain is selected from one or both of Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and / or The viable count of the yeast seed culture is ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL; and / or The sterilized fermentation medium comprises 10-20 parts carbon source, 3-8 parts nitrogen source, and 0.5-2 parts inorganic salt. The carbon source is selected from one or more of molasses, corn starch hydrolysate, or glucose; the nitrogen source is selected from one or more of soybean meal hydrolysate, ammonium sulfate, or urea; and the inorganic salt is selected from one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and calcium chloride; and / or The liquid fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 28-32℃, a pH of 5.0-6.0, a time of 36-72h, and an aeration rate of 0.8-1.5 vvm.

5. The premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed overfeeding according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mass-to-volume ratio of the fermentation broth to the protease is 1 ml: 0.0005~0.002 g; and / or The enzymatic hydrolysis treatment is carried out at a temperature of 50-55℃ for 12-24 hours.

6. The premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed overfeeding according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vacuum concentration is performed at a temperature of 50-60°C, a vacuum level of -0.08 to -0.095 MPa, and a time of 3-8 hours; and / or The mass ratio of the concentrate to the carrier is 1:1.5~3; and / or The carrier is selected from one or both of rice husk powder and wheat bran; and / or The vacuum drying temperature is 50~60℃, and the time is 12~24h.

7. A method for preparing the feed premix for fattening cattle to prevent feed overfeeding, as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Yeast culture, Weizmannia coagulans, Bacillus velezensis, γ-aminobutyric acid, appetite stimulant peptide, vitamin A acetate, vitamin E, and limestone powder are mixed and stirred to obtain a premixed feed for fattening cattle that prevents feed waste.

8. The method for preparing premixed feed for fattening cattle to prevent feed overload according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stirring speed is 200~300 r / min, the temperature is 20~30℃, and the time is 1~2 h.

9. The use of the feed premix for fattening cattle as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 as a premix in beef cattle feed.

10. The application of the feed premix for fattening cattle to prevent feed overload as described in claim 9 as a premix in beef cattle feed, characterized in that, The beef cattle feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: The feed mixture for fattening cattle should contain 4-6 parts of premixed feed to prevent feed overfeeding, 65-75 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, and 1-5 parts of DDGS.

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