Method for pickling beef and mutton steaks

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of beef and mutton steak acid methods, belong to the technical field of livestock breeding, including grouping according to component characteristics, respectively prepare morning feeding, noon feeding, late feeding functional component bag;According to the proportion of daily ration concentrate, the risk grade of rumen acidosis is divided, and the ratio of baking soda and dried pericarpium citri reticulatae is dynamically matched;Adaptive period, strengthening period, stable period, four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding mode of stop feeding period is used, according to risk level matching standard feeding dose, the amount of acid-regulating conditioning is adjusted periodically;Adopt time-sharing staggered peak feeding mode, mix and feed corresponding functional component bag and concentrate in each period, and then feed roughage after feeding is completed.The application adopts the above-mentioned method for removing acid from beef and mutton, and through the synergistic regulation of multi-component compound, risk classification, four-stage gradient feeding and time-sharing feeding, the rumen pH can be effectively stabilized, the accumulation of lactic acid can be reduced, the daily weight gain can be improved, and the meat quality can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal husbandry technology, and in particular to a method for removing acid from cattle and sheep. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing proportion of concentrate feed in large-scale, intensive fattening of cattle and sheep, rumen acidosis has become one of the major nutritional metabolic diseases affecting production performance and meat quality. High-concentrate diets ferment rapidly in the rumen, producing large amounts of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid, leading to a decrease in rumen pH, disrupting the balance of the rumen microbiota, and causing a series of problems such as decreased feed intake, reduced rumination, diarrhea, laminitis, and liver abscess. It also causes abnormal pH values ​​in post-slaughter muscle, increased drip loss, and decreased tenderness, seriously affecting the quality of beef and mutton.

[0003] Current measures for controlling rumen acidosis mainly include reducing the proportion of concentrate feed, adding buffers, and ion-carrier antibiotics. Among these, sodium bicarbonate, a commonly used rumen buffer, can rapidly neutralize organic acids, but its effect is short-lived and can easily cause rumen bloating when used alone. Magnesium oxide has a long-lasting buffering effect, but its effect is limited when used alone. Dried tangerine peel, as a traditional Chinese medicine for regulating qi and strengthening the spleen, has some application in improving gastrointestinal function; however, current technology mostly uses it as a fixed addition to ordinary feed, without differentiated regulation based on diet type and rumen acidosis risk.

[0004] Furthermore, existing methods for rumen deacidification during the feeding period mostly employ a single formula and fixed dosage, failing to consider the differences in rumen fermentation characteristics at different feeding times, nor to dynamically adjust based on changes in cattle and sheep's feeding and rumination behaviors. This leads to unstable deacidification effects, resource waste, and may cause a decline in rumen microbial adaptability due to long-term continuous addition of buffers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cattle and sheep deacidification method that can classify risks based on the proportion of concentrate in the diet, implement phased and tiered feeding, staggered feeding times, and achieve closed-loop control through behavioral feedback. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for removing acid from cattle and sheep to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] This invention provides a method for removing aging substances from cattle and sheep, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of functional component packs: Prepare acid removal conditioning agents, which include baking soda, dried tangerine peel, thiamine, magnesium oxide, active dry yeast, Coptis chinensis and licorice. Select acid removal conditioning agents to prepare morning feeding functional component packs, midday feeding functional component packs and evening feeding functional component packs respectively. (2) Based on the proportion of concentrate in the daily diet of cattle and sheep, the risk level of rumen acidosis is divided, and the ratio of sodium bicarbonate and dried tangerine peel is dynamically matched according to different risk levels; (3) Adopt a four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding mode including adaptation period, reinforcement period, stabilization period and feeding stop period, match the corresponding standard feeding dose according to the risk level, and adjust the amount of acid removal conditioner added in stages; (4) Adopt a staggered feeding mode, and feed the corresponding functional component packs at different feeding times each day. In each time period, the corresponding functional component packs are first mixed with concentrates and fed, and then roughage is fed after the feeding is completed.

[0007] Preferably, in step (1), the acid-removing conditioning agent is composed of the following raw material components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of baking soda, 15-25 parts of dried tangerine peel, 3-8 parts of thiamine, 8-15 parts of magnesium oxide, 3-8 parts of active dry yeast, 5-10 parts of Coptis chinensis, and 3-6 parts of licorice. The three functional component packages are grouped as follows: the morning feeding functional component package contains all the sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, and Coptis chinensis; the midday feeding functional component package contains all the active dry yeast and licorice; and the evening feeding functional component package contains all the dried tangerine peel and thiamine.

[0008] Preferably, in step (1), the components of the acid-removing conditioning agent are pulverized and then mixed to prepare a functional component package. The mixing temperature is 40-60℃ and the particle size is 60-80 mesh.

[0009] Preferably, in step (2), the risk level classification and the corresponding dynamic mass ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel are as follows: Low risk: Concentrates in the diet account for <35%, and the ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is (1.2~1.6):1; Medium risk: Concentrated feed accounts for 35% to 50% of the daily diet, and the ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is (1.6 to 2.0):1; High risk: Concentrated feed content > 50% of daily diet, with a ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel of (2.0-2.5):1.

[0010] Preferably, in step (3), the standard dose corresponding to each risk level is calculated based on the total daily feed intake: Low-risk level standard dosage: Adult cattle should be fed 30-50g of sodium bicarbonate, 20-35g of dried tangerine peel, 2-4g of thiamine, 5-10g of magnesium oxide, 2-5g of active dry yeast, 3-6g of Coptis chinensis, and 2-4g of licorice per day; Adult sheep should be fed 3-6g of sodium bicarbonate, 3-6g of dried tangerine peel, 0.3-0.8g of thiamine, 0.5-1.5g of magnesium oxide, 0.3-0.8g of active dry yeast, 0.5-1.5g of Coptis chinensis, and 0.3-0.8g of licorice per day. The standard dose for medium-risk levels is 120% to 150% of that for low-risk levels, and the standard dose for high-risk levels is 150% to 200% of that for low-risk levels.

[0011] Preferably, the four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding mode in step (3) is as follows: Adaptation period: Feed continuously for 5-7 days, with the amount added being 50%-70% of the standard dose; Fortification period: Feed continuously for 7-10 days, with the added amount being 100% of the standard dose; Stabilization period: Feed continuously for 3-5 days, with the amount of supplement added being 80%-90% of the standard dose; Feeding stoppage period: Stop feeding for 5 to 7 consecutive days, stop adding acid-reducing conditioners, and increase the proportion of roughage in the diet by 5% to 10%.

[0012] Preferably, the feeding cycle length is adjusted according to the differences in diet type: When the daily diet is a corn silage diet, shorten the adaptation period to 3-5 days and extend the fortification period to 10-14 days; When the diet is a distillers' grains-based diet, extend the stabilization period to 5-7 days and shorten the fasting period to 3-5 days.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes behavioral dynamic regulation steps: daily monitoring of cattle and sheep feeding time, rumination time and activity level. When feeding time is shortened by more than 20% or rumination time is shortened by more than 30% compared to the previous day, the overall dosage of the three functional component packages is increased by 10% to 20% on the next feeding day.

[0014] Preferably, the thiamine is coated thiamine, and the coating material is at least one of hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, and ethyl cellulose; the active dry yeast is a commercial brewing yeast or Bacillus subtilis preparation.

[0015] Therefore, the above-mentioned method for removing acid from cattle and sheep has the following beneficial effects: (1) By dividing the acid-clearing conditioning agent into three functional component packages—morning feed, midday feed, and evening feed—precise delivery of different components at different fermentation times in the rumen is achieved. The morning feed package mainly contains baking soda, magnesium oxide, and Coptis chinensis, which can quickly buffer the large amount of organic acid generated after morning feeding and inhibit harmful bacteria. The midday feed package mainly contains active dry yeast and licorice, which promotes the proliferation of rumen microorganisms and repairs the rumen mucosa. The evening feed package mainly contains dried tangerine peel and thiamine, which promotes rumen peristalsis and pyruvate metabolism at night and reduces lactic acid accumulation. Time-sharing and staggered feeding allows each component to exert its effect within the optimal time window, improving acid clearance efficiency.

[0016] (2) Based on the proportion of concentrate in the diet, three levels of rumen acidosis risk (low, medium, and high) are defined, and the quality ratio of sodium bicarbonate to dried tangerine peel is dynamically matched to achieve precise acid excretion control under different feeding conditions.

[0017] (3) A four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding pattern including adaptation period, reinforcement period, stabilization period and fasting period is adopted to avoid feeding stress caused by sudden addition. The rumen microbiota is restored through the fasting period, reducing tolerance caused by long-term addition and ensuring the continuity and stability of acid excretion effect. Combined with behavioral dynamic regulation, the dosage of functional component package is automatically increased when the feeding time or rumination time is significantly shortened, forming a closed-loop control of monitoring, feedback and adjustment.

[0018] (4) The overall method is simple to operate, can stably maintain the rumen pH in a reasonable range, reduce the incidence of subacute rumen acidosis, improve the feeding and rumination behavior of cattle and sheep, and improve the feed utilization efficiency under the high concentrate mode. It is suitable for large-scale cattle and sheep farms.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the above technical solutions, a detailed description of the specific implementation methods will be provided below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, and “multiple” generally includes at least two unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0022] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.

[0023] A method for removing aging substances from cattle and sheep includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of functional component packs: Prepare acid removal conditioning agents, which include baking soda, dried tangerine peel, thiamine, magnesium oxide, active dry yeast, Coptis chinensis and licorice. Select acid removal conditioning agents to prepare morning feeding functional component packs, midday feeding functional component packs and evening feeding functional component packs respectively. (2) Based on the proportion of concentrate in the daily diet of cattle and sheep, the risk level of rumen acidosis is divided, and the ratio of sodium bicarbonate and dried tangerine peel is dynamically matched according to different risk levels; (3) Adopt a four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding mode including adaptation period, reinforcement period, stabilization period and feeding stop period, match the corresponding standard feeding dose according to the risk level, and adjust the amount of acid removal conditioner added in stages; (4) Adopt a staggered feeding mode, and feed the corresponding functional component packs at different feeding times each day. In each time period, the corresponding functional component packs are first mixed with concentrates and fed, and then roughage is fed after the feeding is completed.

[0024] Specifically, the rumen conditioner is divided into three functional component packages based on their composition characteristics: morning feed, midday feed, and evening feed, matching the fermentation characteristics of the rumen at different times of the day. After the first feeding in the morning, the rumen rapidly enters a high-fermentation state, producing a large amount of organic acids and experiencing the fastest pH drop. In the afternoon, rumen microbial activity tends to stabilize, making it suitable for flora repair and mucosal protection. At night, rumination intensifies, rumen motility slows down, and while lactic acid metabolic pressure remains, the rate of acid production decreases. By administering different components at different times according to this pattern, a sequential intervention of rapid buffering, microecological repair, and metabolic regulation can be achieved, ensuring that each component works within its optimal time window and avoiding mutual interference and ineffective consumption caused by simultaneous component administration.

[0025] Risk level classification and dynamic matching of the baking soda / dried tangerine peel ratio are crucial, as the proportion of concentrate in the diet directly determines the rumen acid load. A higher concentrate ratio leads to more rapidly fermenting carbohydrates, greater acid production, and a higher risk of acidosis. Therefore, a stronger buffering capacity and a more balanced ratio of qi-regulating and spleen-strengthening ingredients are required. Dynamically matching the baking soda to dried tangerine peel ratio based on risk level ensures that the ratio of the core buffering components and auxiliary regulating components in the acid-clearing conditioning product always adapts to the actual rumen acid load, avoiding the problem of excessive alkalinity in low-risk conditions and insufficient buffering in high-risk conditions with a fixed ratio.

[0026] The four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding system employs a cyclical pattern of "low-dose adaptation, standard-dose fortification, slight reduction for stabilization, and complete cessation of feeding for recovery." This allows the rumen microbiota and gastrointestinal function to gradually adapt to, fully exert their effects, and consolidate stability under the intervention of acid-regulating substances, while avoiding decreased tolerance and microbial dependence caused by long-term continuous supplementation. The increased proportion of roughage during the cessation period promotes rumen motility and rumination, restoring the body's own acid-base regulation capacity, thus forming a complete intervention-consolidation-recovery closed loop.

[0027] Staggered feeding schedules, prioritizing concentrates over roughage, align with the natural feeding behavior of ruminants. Simultaneously, mixing the functional component package with the concentrate ensures rapid intake of conditioning components, allowing them to act synchronously with fermentation products in the rumen. Feeding roughage afterward stimulates chewing and saliva production, replenishing endogenous buffering and creating a dual acid-removing mechanism of exogenous and endogenous buffering.

[0028] In step (1), the deacidification and conditioning agent consists of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts baking soda, 15-25 parts dried tangerine peel, 3-8 parts thiamine, 8-15 parts magnesium oxide, 3-8 parts active dry yeast, 5-10 parts Coptis chinensis, and 3-6 parts licorice; the thiamine is coated thiamine, and the coating material is at least one of hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, and ethyl cellulose; the active dry yeast is a commercial brewing yeast or Bacillus subtilis preparation. The components of the deacidification and conditioning agent are pulverized and mixed to prepare a functional component package. The mixing temperature is 40-60℃, and the particle size is 60-80 mesh.

[0029] The three functional component packages are grouped as follows: the morning feeding functional component package contains all the sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, and Coptis chinensis; the midday feeding functional component package contains all the active dry yeast and licorice; and the evening feeding functional component package contains all the dried tangerine peel and thiamine.

[0030] Specifically, baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), as a rapid buffer, reacts immediately with hydrogen ions upon entering the rumen, quickly neutralizing organic acids and raising the pH, but its effect is short-lived. Magnesium oxide, as a long-acting buffer, slowly releases basic ions in a neutral to weakly acidic environment, compensating for the short-lived effect of baking soda. A ratio of 40–60 parts to 8–15 parts of the two forms a complementary buffer system of rapid and long-acting action.

[0031] Dried tangerine peel is a traditional Chinese medicine that regulates qi, strengthens the spleen, dries dampness, and resolves phlegm. It can promote gastrointestinal motility, enhance digestive juice secretion, and improve rumen motility. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an important coenzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase system, which can promote pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduce substrate accumulation in the lactic acid production pathway. Coptis chinensis has the effects of clearing heat, drying dampness, purging fire, and detoxifying, and can inhibit the excessive proliferation of harmful lactic acid-producing bacteria in the rumen. Licorice root tonifies the spleen and replenishes qi, harmonizes various medicines, and can protect the digestive tract mucosa. Active dried yeast reduces lactic acid production by competitively consuming fermentable sugars in the rumen, while promoting the proliferation of lactic acid-utilizing bacteria and increasing the rate of lactic acid decomposition. When the above seven components are combined in a certain proportion, they intervene simultaneously through multiple pathways, including acid-base neutralization, metabolic regulation, gastrointestinal function regulation, and flora inhibition, forming a multi-target comprehensive prevention and treatment of rumen acidosis.

[0032] The morning feeding functional component package contains all baking soda, magnesium oxide, and Coptis chinensis: Rumen acid production is most vigorous after the first morning feed intake. The concentrated administration of fast-acting buffers, long-acting buffers, and antibacterial components ensures maximum buffering and inhibition of harmful bacteria during the peak acid load period. The midday feeding functional component package contains all active dried yeast and licorice: Rumen microbial activity is high in the afternoon, providing favorable conditions for yeast proliferation. The addition of probiotics effectively utilizes substrates and reduces lactic acid accumulation. Licorice also plays a role in mucosal protection and harmonization, which is beneficial for restoring the rumen environment after the morning feed intake. The evening feeding functional component package contains all dried tangerine peel and thiamine: Nighttime rumination time is prolonged. Tangerine peel promotes rumen motility and rumination, while thiamine promotes aerobic oxidation of pyruvate during nighttime metabolic regulation, reducing lactic acid production, and together they stabilize the nighttime rumen pH.

[0033] In step (2), the risk level classification and the corresponding dynamic mass ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel are as follows: Low risk: Concentrates in the diet account for <35%, and the ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is (1.2~1.6):1; Medium risk: Concentrated feed accounts for 35% to 50% of the daily diet, and the ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is (1.6 to 2.0):1; High risk: Concentrated feed content > 50% of daily diet, with a ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel of (2.0-2.5):1.

[0034] Specifically, the proportion of concentrate in the diet is the most important factor determining rumen acid production. Concentrates are high in starch and soluble sugars, which are rapidly fermented by microorganisms in the rumen, producing large amounts of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. Roughage, on the other hand, mainly promotes chewing and rumination, stimulating saliva secretion. Bicarbonate in saliva is the most important endogenous buffering substance in the rumen. Therefore, the higher the proportion of concentrate, the greater the demand for exogenous buffering.

[0035] Low risk (refined feed percentage <35%): The rumen acid load is low, and the endogenous buffer of saliva can basically maintain pH stability. Therefore, the ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is set at (1.2~1.6):1. Baking soda can be supplemented appropriately, while the proportion of dried tangerine peel is relatively high to regulate gastrointestinal function and avoid excessive alkalization.

[0036] Medium risk (35%–50% concentrate): Rumen acid production increases significantly, endogenous buffering is insufficient, and exogenous buffering capacity needs to be improved. Therefore, the proportion of baking soda is increased to (1.6–2.0):1, while the proportion of dried tangerine peel is maintained at a certain level to continue to improve gastrointestinal motility.

[0037] High risk (refined feed ratio > 50%): The rumen is under high acid load, lactic acid is generated in large quantities, and the pH drops rapidly. Strong buffering is required. Therefore, the proportion of baking soda is further increased to (2.0~2.5):1. The proportion of dried tangerine peel is relatively reduced, but the absolute amount is still sufficient to play a role in regulating qi.

[0038] In step (3), the standard dose corresponding to each risk level is calculated based on the total daily feed intake: Low-risk level standard dosage: Adult cattle should be fed 30-50g of sodium bicarbonate, 20-35g of dried tangerine peel, 2-4g of thiamine, 5-10g of magnesium oxide, 2-5g of active dry yeast, 3-6g of Coptis chinensis, and 2-4g of licorice per day; Adult sheep should be fed 3-6g of sodium bicarbonate, 3-6g of dried tangerine peel, 0.3-0.8g of thiamine, 0.5-1.5g of magnesium oxide, 0.3-0.8g of active dry yeast, 0.5-1.5g of Coptis chinensis, and 0.3-0.8g of licorice per day. The standard dose for medium-risk levels is 120% to 150% of that for low-risk levels, and the standard dose for high-risk levels is 150% to 200% of that for low-risk levels.

[0039] Specifically, the standard dosage is based on the total daily feed intake and is set according to the animal species (adult cattle / adult sheep) and risk level, based on the following mechanism: The neutralization reaction of baking soda proceeds stoichiometrically. Too low a dose cannot effectively buffer the large amounts of organic acids produced in high-concentrate diets; too high a dose may cause an excessive increase in rumen pH, inhibiting the activity of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, reducing roughage digestibility, and potentially leading to metabolic alkalosis and decreased feed intake due to excessive sodium intake. Therefore, a reasonable dosage range needs to be set based on the risk of acidosis.

[0040] The dosage settings for magnesium oxide, yeast, thiamine, dried tangerine peel, coptis chinensis, and licorice are based on their effective concentrations and safe ranges in the rumen. Thiamine, as a coenzyme precursor, requires a certain dosage to effectively promote pyruvate metabolism; too low a number of live yeast cells will not provide a competitive advantage, while too high a number will compete for host nutrients; excessive dosage of the antibacterial active ingredient in coptis chinensis may affect the normal rumen microbiota.

[0041] Adult sheep weigh approximately 1 / 10 of cattle, resulting in a correspondingly smaller rumen volume and feed intake. Therefore, the standard dosage for sheep is approximately 1 / 10 of that for cattle, aligning with the metabolic body weight ratio. Standard dosages for medium-risk and high-risk levels are set at 120%–150% and 150%–200% of those for low-risk sheep, respectively. Rumen acid load increases with the proportion of concentrate, requiring a corresponding increase in exogenous buffering and conditioning dosages. However, the increase is designed as a step-like rather than linear process to avoid excessive dosage and negative effects.

[0042] The four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding mode in step (3) is as follows: Adaptation period: Feed continuously for 5-7 days, with the amount added being 50%-70% of the standard dose; Fortification period: Feed continuously for 7-10 days, with the added amount being 100% of the standard dose; Stabilization period: Feed continuously for 3-5 days, with the amount of supplement added being 80%-90% of the standard dose; Feeding stoppage period: Stop feeding for 5 to 7 consecutive days, stop adding acid-reducing conditioners, and increase the proportion of roughage in the diet by 5% to 10%.

[0043] Specifically, during the adaptation period: Sudden high-dose addition of rumen conditioners can cause drastic changes in the rumen environment, leading to decreased feed intake and rumen microbiota stress. The adaptation period involves gradually introducing low doses, allowing rumen microbes and gastrointestinal function to adapt to the exogenous buffer and herbal ingredients, thus reducing stress. A duration of 5-7 days ensures that most cattle and sheep complete the adaptation process.

[0044] Intensive phase: After adaptation, administer the full standard dose to fully utilize the buffering, metabolic regulation, and gut microbiota-regulating effects of the rumen conditioner, rapidly correcting rumen acidosis and reducing lactic acid accumulation. 7–10 days is sufficient for the rumen pH to recover and stabilize within the ideal range.

[0045] Stabilization phase: Once the rumen pH has reached the target range, appropriately reduce the dosage to maintain the effect with a lower maintenance dose, avoiding tolerance caused by long-term full-dose supplementation. Simultaneously observe whether the animals can maintain a good rumen environment after dosage reduction, preparing for discontinuation of feeding.

[0046] Withdrawal period: Stop adding acid-reducing conditioners, while increasing the proportion of roughage to stimulate rumination and saliva secretion, thus strengthening endogenous buffering capacity. The withdrawal period prevents rumen microorganisms from developing a dependence on exogenous buffers and antibacterial components, restoring and enhancing the rumen's own acid-base regulation function. A 5-7 day withdrawal period restores endogenous regulation without causing a rebound in acidosis due to prolonged withdrawal.

[0047] Adjust the feeding cycle length according to the differences in diet type: When the daily diet is a corn silage diet, shorten the adaptation period to 3-5 days and extend the fortification period to 10-14 days; When the diet is a distillers' grains-based diet, extend the stabilization period to 5-7 days and shorten the fasting period to 3-5 days.

[0048] Specifically, silage corn contains a large amount of easily fermentable carbohydrates, and has a low pH and contains lactic acid, resulting in rapid rumen acid production and a high acid load in cattle and sheep after consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to shorten the adaptation period (3-5 days) to allow the acid-reducing conditioner to reach an effective dose as soon as possible and prevent acidosis; at the same time, extend the intensive period (10-14 days) to ensure sufficient relief of the sustained high acid load caused by silage corn-based diets. Distillers' grains-based diets contain a certain amount of organic acids and residual alcohol, making them highly acidic and irritating to the rumen mucosa. Furthermore, the fiber in distillers' grains is digested slowly, resulting in a prolonged acidic environment in the rumen. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the stabilization period (5-7 days) to allow the acid-reducing conditioner to maintain rumen pH stability for a longer period; at the same time, shorten the withdrawal period (3-5 days) to prevent prolonged withdrawal from causing rumen acidosis again in distillers' grains-based diets. By adjusting the cycle according to the different types of diets, it is possible to adapt to the fermentation characteristics and acid production patterns of different feed ingredients, ensuring the stable performance of acid reduction in various actual feeding scenarios.

[0049] It also includes behavioral dynamic regulation steps: daily monitoring of cattle and sheep feeding time, rumination time and activity level. When feeding time is shortened by more than 20% or rumination time is shortened by more than 30% compared to the previous day, the overall dosage of the three functional group packages will be increased by 10% to 20% on the next feeding day.

[0050] Specifically, feeding time and rumination time are sensitive behavioral indicators reflecting rumen health. In the early stages of rumen acidosis, lactic acid accumulation stimulates chemoreceptors in the rumen wall, inhibiting gastric motility and reducing appetite, manifested as a shortened feeding time. Simultaneously, weakened rumen motility and abnormal pH levels affect the rumination reflex, significantly reducing rumination time. Therefore, a decrease in feeding time by more than 20% or a decrease in rumination time by more than 30% compared to the previous day indicates that the rumen acid load has exceeded the control capacity of the current acid-regulating agent dosage, serving as an early warning signal of worsening acidosis. In this case, increasing the overall dosage of the three functional component packages by 10%–20% on the next feeding day can rapidly enhance exogenous buffering and metabolic regulation capabilities, correcting the acidosis before it develops and preventing a continued decline in feed intake and deterioration of rumen function.

[0051] To provide a clearer and more detailed description of the method for removing acid from cattle and sheep provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be based on specific embodiments.

[0052] Example 1 Using fattening beef cattle weighing approximately 450 kg as subjects, with a daily concentrate diet comprising 30%, the cattle were classified as low-risk. They were then fed a low-risk beef cattle aging diet, following the specific methods for aging: (1) Preparation of functional component packages: The ingredients for the detoxifying and conditioning formula are prepared in the following proportions by weight: 40 parts baking soda, 25 parts dried tangerine peel, 5 parts thiamine, 10 parts magnesium oxide, 5 parts active dry yeast, 8 parts Coptis chinensis, and 5 parts licorice. Grind each ingredient separately to 80 mesh and mix thoroughly at 50°C.

[0053] Prepare three functional component packages: Morning feeding functional component package: 40g baking soda, 10g magnesium oxide, 8g Coptis chinensis; Afternoon feeding functional component package: 5g active dry yeast, 5g licorice; Late-feed functional component package: 25g dried tangerine peel, 5g thiamine.

[0054] (2) Risk level assessment and baking soda / dried tangerine peel ratio: If the proportion of concentrated feed in the daily diet is 30% < 35%, it is judged as low risk. The corresponding dynamic mass ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is 1.6:1, with 40g of baking soda and 25g of tangerine peel.

[0055] (3) Four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding: The standard dosage for low-risk adult cattle, based on the total daily feed intake, is as follows: 40g sodium bicarbonate, 25g dried tangerine peel, 3g thiamine, 8g magnesium oxide, 3g active dry yeast, 5g Coptis chinensis, and 3g licorice.

[0056] The four-stage arrangement is as follows: Adaptation period: 5 days, with an addition amount of 50% of the standard dose; Enhancement period: 7 days, with an addition amount of 100% of the standard dose; Stabilization period: 3 days, with an addition amount of 80% of the standard dose; Feeding stoppage period: 5 days. Stop adding acid-reducing conditioners and increase the proportion of roughage in the diet by 5%.

[0057] (4) Staggered feeding times: Feed three times a day: Morning feed (6:00 AM): Mix the morning feed functional component packet with the concentrate and feed evenly. Feed roughage after the morning feed has finished eating. Afternoon feed (12:00 PM): Mix the afternoon feed functional component packet with the concentrate and feed. Evening feed (6:00 PM): Mix the evening feed functional component packet with the concentrate and feed. Provide free access to drinking water during feeding, and keep the water temperature between 15 and 20°C.

[0058] (5) Behavioral monitoring: Daily monitoring of feeding time, rumination time, and activity level was conducted. During the experiment, fluctuations in feeding time and rumination time did not exceed the thresholds (feeding time shortened by ≤20%, rumination time shortened by ≤30%), therefore, no behavioral dynamic regulation was triggered.

[0059] Results: The experiment lasted 60 days. The pH of the rumen fluid in the experimental cattle remained stable at 6.4–6.7, with an average of 6.5; the rumen lactic acid concentration decreased from 3.2 mmol / L before the experiment to 1.5 mmol / L; the average daily weight gain was 1.42 kg, which was 12% higher than that of the control group; the muscle pH was 6.3 45 min after slaughter and 5.6 24 h after slaughter; the drip loss was 2.8% and the shear force was 4.6 kg.

[0060] Example 2 Fattening sheep weighing approximately 35 kg were selected as the subjects, with a daily concentrate diet comprising 40% of their weight, and were classified as medium-risk. The medium-risk sheep aging process was adopted as follows: (1) Preparation of functional component packages: The ingredients for the acid-reducing and conditioning formula are adjusted according to the medium-risk level and proportion requirements: 6g baking soda, 3g dried tangerine peel, 0.6g thiamine, 1.3g magnesium oxide, 0.6g active dry yeast, 1.3g Coptis chinensis, and 0.6g licorice. Grind all ingredients to 60 mesh and mix thoroughly at 45℃.

[0061] Grouping: Morning feeding functional component packet: 6g baking soda, 1.3g magnesium oxide, 1.3g Coptis chinensis; Afternoon feeding functional component package: 0.6g active dry yeast, 0.6g licorice; Late-feed functional component package: 3g dried tangerine peel, 0.6g thiamine.

[0062] (2) Risk level and allocation: The proportion of concentrated feed in the daily diet is 40%, falling within the range of 35% to 50%, which is judged as medium risk. The ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is 2.0:1, with 6g of baking soda and 3g of dried tangerine peel.

[0063] (3) Four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding: The standard dose for adult sheep at medium risk is 130% of that at low risk. The actual total daily dose in this embodiment is the total amount of the above-mentioned functional component packages.

[0064] Four-stage arrangement: Adaptation period: 6 days, with an addition amount of 60% of the standard dose; Enhancement period: 8 days, with an addition amount of 100% of the standard dose; Stabilization period: 4 days, with an addition amount of 85% of the standard dose; Withholding period: 6 days, stop feeding, increase the proportion of roughage by 8%.

[0065] (4) Staggered feeding times: Feed three times a day: morning (7:00), noon (13:00), and evening (19:00). At each feeding time, mix the functional component packet with the concentrate first, and then feed the roughage after the concentrate has been consumed. Provide free access to drinking water at a temperature of 10-20℃.

[0066] (5) Dynamic regulation of behavior: On the 10th day of feeding, the feeding time was observed to be 25% shorter than the previous day, exceeding the 20% threshold. Immediately on the next feeding day, the overall dosage of the three functional component packages was increased by 15%, and continuous observation was maintained. After the adjustment, the feeding time returned to more than 95% of the normal level.

[0067] Results: The experiment lasted for 60 days. The pH of the rumen fluid in the sheep was stable at 6.3–6.6, with an average of 6.4; the lactic acid concentration was 1.2 mmol / L; the average daily weight gain was 0.28 kg, which was 15% higher than that of the control group; the pH was 6.4 45 min after slaughter and 5.7 24 h after slaughter; the drip loss was 2.5% and the shear force was 4.2 kg.

[0068] Example 3 Using 500kg fattening beef cattle as subjects, with a diet consisting of 55% concentrate and classified as high-risk, and the diet type being corn silage, the high-risk beef cattle aging method was adopted, as follows: (1) Preparation of functional component packages: Ingredients for the acid-reducing and conditioning formula: 60g baking soda, 24g dried tangerine peel, 6g thiamine (coated with hydrogenated vegetable oil), 15g magnesium oxide, 6g active dry yeast (commercial brewing yeast), 10g Coptis chinensis, and 5g licorice. Grind all ingredients to 70 mesh and mix at 55℃.

[0069] Grouping: Morning feeding functional component package: 60g baking soda, 15g magnesium oxide, 10g Coptis chinensis; Afternoon feeding functional component package: 6g active dry yeast, 5g licorice; Late-feed functional component package: 24g dried tangerine peel, 6g thiamine.

[0070] (2) Risk level and allocation: The proportion of refined ingredients is 55% > 50%, which is considered high risk. The ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is 2.5:1, with 60g of baking soda and 24g of dried tangerine peel.

[0071] (3) Four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding: The standard dose for high-risk levels is 180% of that for low-risk levels.

[0072] Based on the diet type of corn silage, the adjustment cycle is as follows: the adaptation period is shortened to 4 days, the reinforcement period is extended to 12 days, the stabilization period is 4 days, and the fasting period is 5 days.

[0073] Four-stage arrangement: Adaptation period: 4 days, with an addition amount of 60% of the standard dose; Enhancement period: 12 days, with an addition amount of 100% of the standard dose; Stabilization period: 4 days, with an addition amount of 85% of the standard dose; Withholding period: 5 days, stop feeding, increase the proportion of roughage by 7%.

[0074] (4) Staggered feeding times: Feed three times a day: morning feed (5:30), noon feed (11:30), and evening feed (17:30). At each feeding time, mix the functional component package with the concentrate first, and then feed the roughage after the concentrate has been consumed. Provide free access to drinking water at a temperature of 15-20℃.

[0075] (5) Dynamic regulation of behavior: On the 8th day of feeding, the rumination time was observed to be 35% shorter than the previous day, exceeding the 30% threshold. On the next feeding day, the overall dosage of the three functional component packages was increased by 20%. After the adjustment, the rumination time gradually returned to normal.

[0076] Results: The experiment lasted 60 days. The rumen fluid pH remained stable at 6.5–6.8, with an average of 6.7; the lactic acid concentration decreased from 4.5 mmol / L before the experiment to 1.8 mmol / L; the average daily weight gain was 1.55 kg, which was 18% higher than that of the control group; the pH was 6.2 at 45 min post-slaughter and 5.5 at 24 h; the drip loss was 2.2%, and the shear force was 4.1 kg.

[0077] Example 4 Using fattening beef cattle weighing 480kg as subjects, with a daily diet consisting of 45% concentrate, classified as medium-risk, and containing distillers' grains (DGD), the medium-risk beef cattle aging method was adopted, as follows: (1) Preparation of functional component packages: Ingredients for the acid-reducing and conditioning formula: 50g baking soda, 25g dried tangerine peel, 5g thiamine (coated with stearic acid), 12g magnesium oxide, 5g active dry yeast (Bacillus subtilis preparation), 8g Coptis chinensis, and 5g licorice. Grind to 80 mesh and mix at 50℃.

[0078] Grouping: Morning feeding functional component package: 50g baking soda, 12g magnesium oxide, 8g Coptis chinensis; Afternoon feeding functional component package: 5g active dry yeast, 5g licorice; Late-feed functional component package: 25g dried tangerine peel, 5g thiamine.

[0079] (2) Risk level and allocation: The proportion of refined ingredients is 45%, falling within the 35% to 50% range, which is judged as medium risk. The ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is 2.0:1.

[0080] (3) Four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding: The standard dose for medium-risk levels is 140% of that for low-risk levels.

[0081] Based on the diet type being distillers' grains and lees, the adjustment cycle is as follows: adaptation period of 6 days, intensive period of 9 days, stabilization period extended to 6 days, and fasting period shortened to 4 days.

[0082] Four-stage arrangement: Adaptation period: 6 days, with an addition amount of 55% of the standard dose; Enhancement period: 9 days, with an addition amount of 100% of the standard dose; Stabilization period: 6 days, with an addition amount of 85% of the standard dose; Withholding period: 4 days, stop feeding, increase the proportion of roughage by 6%.

[0083] (4) Staggered feeding times Feed three times a day: morning feed (6:30), noon feed (12:30), and evening feed (18:30). At each feeding time, mix the functional component package with the concentrate first, and then feed the roughage after the concentrate has been eaten. Provide free access to drinking water at a temperature of around 15℃.

[0084] (5) Behavioral monitoring: During the experiment, the fluctuations in feeding and rumination times were all within the threshold and did not trigger dynamic regulation.

[0085] Results: The experiment lasted for 60 days. The rumen fluid pH remained stable at 6.4–6.6, with an average of 6.5; the lactic acid concentration was 1.6 mmol / L; the average daily weight gain was 1.48 kg, which was 15% higher than that of the control group; the pH was 6.3 at 45 min post-slaughter and 5.6 at 24 h; the drip loss was 2.6% and the shear force was 4.4 kg.

[0086] The following comparative examples all used fattening beef cattle with similar body weight to those in Example 1, with the same basal diet as in Example 1, and the experimental period was 60 days.

[0087] Comparative Example 1 Mix 40g of baking soda and 20g of dried tangerine peel with the concentrate and feed it all at once during the morning feeding. Do not add thiamine, magnesium oxide, active dry yeast, Coptis chinensis, or licorice. Do not classify risks, do not use a four-stage gradient feeding method, and do not stagger feeding times. Feed continuously for 60 days without any feeding stoppage. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0088] Results: In the later stages of the experiment, some cattle showed decreased feed intake and loose stools. Rumen fluid pH fluctuated significantly, dropping to a minimum of 5.6 and averaging 5.9; lactic acid concentration was 3.0 mmol / L; average daily weight gain was 1.25 kg; pH was 5.9 at 45 min post-slaughter and 5.4 at 24 h; drip loss was 4.2%; and shear force was 5.5 kg.

[0089] Comparative Example 2 The same acid-removing conditioner formula and dosage as in Example 1 were used, but all components (baking soda, dried tangerine peel, thiamine, magnesium oxide, active dry yeast, Coptis chinensis, and licorice) were mixed and fed once with concentrate during the morning feeding each day, with the other conditions being the same as in Example 1.

[0090] Results: The average rumen fluid pH was 6.0, and the lactic acid concentration was 2.2 mmol / L; the average daily weight gain was 1.33 kg; the pH was 6.1 at 45 min post-slaughter and 5.5 at 24 h; the drip loss was 3.5%, and the shear force was 5.0 kg. Compared with Example 1, the improvement in rumen pH stability and meat quality was significantly reduced, indicating that staggered feeding at different times plays an important role.

[0091] Comparative Example 3 The same acid-removing conditioner and timed feeding method as in Example 1 were used, but the four-stage gradient design of adaptation period, strengthening period, stabilization period and feeding stop period was cancelled. The standard dose was fed continuously for 60 days every day for 100% of the standard dose, without a feeding stop period. All other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0092] Results: Feed intake decreased significantly in the first two weeks of the experiment, and some cattle experienced mild diarrhea. The average rumen fluid pH was 6.1, but fluctuated considerably, rebounding later; lactic acid concentration was 2.5 mmol / L; average daily weight gain was 1.30 kg; pH was 6.0 at 45 min post-slaughter and 5.5 at 24 h; drip loss was 3.8%, and shear force was 5.2 kg. This demonstrates that four-stage gradient feeding effectively reduces stress and maintains stable rumen function.

[0093] Comparative Example 4 The same acid-removing conditioner, timed feeding, and four-stage gradient feeding were used as in Example 1, but no behavioral monitoring or dynamic dose adjustment was performed during the trial, and the dose was not increased even if the feeding time or rumination time was significantly shortened. All other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Results: Starting on day 12 of the experiment, the feeding time of three cattle decreased by more than 20% compared to the previous day, but no adjustments were made. Subsequently, feed intake continued to decline, and the rumen fluid pH dropped to a minimum of 5.8. In the later stages of the experiment, the average rumen pH was 6.2, and the lactic acid concentration was 2.0 mmol / L; the average daily weight gain was 1.35 kg; the pH was 6.1 at 45 min post-slaughter and 5.5 at 24 h; drip loss was 3.2%, and shear force was 4.9 kg. Compared with Example 1, the overall effect was slightly worse, demonstrating that behavioral dynamic regulation has a positive effect on maintaining feed intake and rumen stability.

[0095] The indicators in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 above were all measured using the following methods: 1. Measurement of rumen fluid pH: Before each morning feeding, approximately 50 mL of rumen fluid was collected via oral cannulation and immediately measured using a portable pH meter (accurate to 0.01). The pH was calibrated using standard buffer solutions of pH 4.01 and pH 6.86 before measurement. Three replicate samples were collected from each animal each time, and the average value was used as the rumen fluid pH for that day. If necessary, additional samples were collected and measured 2 hours after feeding.

[0096] 2. Determination of rumen lactic acid concentration: The collected rumen fluid samples were filtered through four layers of gauze and immediately centrifuged at 4℃ and 10000 r / min for 10 min, and the supernatant was collected. The lactic acid concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), a mobile phase of 0.05 mol / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (pH 2.5), a flow rate of 0.8 mL / min, a column temperature of 30℃, a UV detection wavelength of 210 nm, and an injection volume of 20 μL. A series of standard solutions were prepared using lactic acid standards to establish a standard curve, and quantification was performed using the external standard method.

[0097] 3. Measurement of average daily weight gain: At the beginning and end of the experiment, the animals were weighed on an empty stomach before morning feeding. The average weight was taken for two consecutive days, and the average daily weight gain was calculated using the following formula: ; 4. Measurement of muscle pH after slaughter: At 45 minutes and 24 hours post-slaughter, pH measurements were taken at the 12th-13th intercostal space of the longissimus dorsi muscle using a portable pH meter (equipped with a stainless steel puncture electrode, accurate to 0.01), inserted approximately 2 cm into the muscle. Three measurements were taken from each muscle, and the average value was recorded. The measurement was calibrated using standard buffer solutions of pH 4.01 and pH 6.86 before measurement.

[0098] 5. Measurement of dripping water loss: Take approximately 100g of the longissimus dorsi muscle sample from the slaughtered area, remove visible fat and connective tissue, and weigh accurately (W1). Place the meat sample in an inflatable polyethylene bag and hang it, avoiding contact with the bag wall. Hang it in a 4℃ refrigerator for 24 hours, then remove it and gently absorb surface moisture with filter paper. Weigh accurately again (W2). Drip loss is calculated using the following formula: ; Three parallel meat samples were taken for each treatment, and the average value was calculated.

[0099] 6. Determination of shear force: Take the longest muscle sample from the back, remove surface fat and connective tissue, trim into pieces approximately 5cm × 5cm × 5cm, place in a cooking bag, and heat in an 80℃ water bath until the center temperature of the meat piece reaches 70℃. Remove and cool under running water to room temperature. Using a sampler with an inner diameter of 1.27cm, drill cylindrical meat columns (at least 2.5cm in length) along the muscle fiber direction, taking 6–8 columns from each sample. Measure the shear force value of each meat column using a tenderness tester (or a texture analyzer equipped with a shearing blade), and take the average value as the shear force of the sample (unit: kg).

[0100] 7. Monitoring of feeding time and rumination time: Each experimental animal was continuously monitored for 24 hours using a wearable automated animal behavior monitoring system (or manual observation and recording). Feeding time was defined as the cumulative time an animal spent chewing and swallowing feed in the feed trough; rumination time was defined as the cumulative time an animal spent ruminating and chewing while lying down or standing. Feeding time and rumination time data were summarized daily.

[0101] 8. Data Statistics and Analysis: All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between the examples and the comparative examples were compared using one-way ANOVA, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

[0102] Table 1. Summary of the effects of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0103] In Examples 1-4, regardless of whether it was beef cattle or sheep, and regardless of whether the diet was conventional, corn silage, or distillers' grains, the rumen fluid pH remained stable between 6.4 and 6.7; the rumen lactic acid concentration decreased to 1.2-1.8 mmol / L, which is at a low level; the average daily weight gain was significantly higher than the control group; the post-slaughter muscle pH was 6.2-6.4 at 45 min and 5.5-5.7 at 24 h, with a drip loss of 2.2%-2.8% and a shear force of 4.1-4.6 kg. These data indicate that the rumen acid removal method for cattle and sheep provided by this invention can effectively stabilize rumen pH, reduce lactic acid accumulation, improve production performance, and significantly improve meat quality under different animal species and dietary conditions, demonstrating universality and stability.

[0104] Comparative Example 1 used a conventional method of adding baking soda and dried tangerine peel, without risk stratification, a four-stage gradient feeding approach, staggered feeding times, or the addition of other conditioning ingredients. The results showed that its rumen fluid pH averaged only 5.9, below the lower limit of the ideal range, with a lactic acid concentration as high as 3.0 mmol / L, an average daily weight gain of only 1.25 kg, a drip loss as high as 4.2%, and a shear force of 5.5 kg, all significantly worse than Example 1. It is evident that Example 1, through its multi-component compound, risk stratification, four-stage gradient, and staggered feeding time approach, has advantages over existing conventional methods.

[0105] Comparative Example 2 used the exact same rumen conditioner formula and dosage as Example 1, but eliminated staggered feeding times and fed all components in a single morning feed. The results showed that the rumen pH decreased to 6.0, the lactic acid concentration increased to 2.2 mmol / L, and the daily weight gain and meat quality indicators were significantly worse than in Example 1. This indicates that staggered feeding times are not simply a change in feeding method, but rather a way to match the fermentation characteristics of the rumen at different times, allowing each component to exert its effect within the optimal time window.

[0106] Comparative Example 3 used the same formula and timed feeding method as Example 1, but the four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding was omitted. The animal was fed 100% of the standard dose daily without any fasting periods. Its rumen pH averaged 6.1 with significant fluctuations, and its lactic acid concentration was 2.5 mmol / L. In the early stages of the experiment, the animal exhibited decreased feed intake and mild diarrhea, and its meat quality was significantly worse than that of Example 1. This indicates that the four-stage gradient feeding, through a cycle of adaptation, reinforcement, stabilization, and fasting, effectively reduced additive stress and avoided decreased tolerance and rumen dysfunction caused by long-term continuous supplementation.

[0107] Comparative Example 4, based on Example 1, removed behavioral dynamic regulation; that is, feeding and rumination times were not monitored, and dosage was not increased. Its average rumen pH was 6.2, and lactic acid concentration was 2.0 mmol / L. Although better than Comparative Examples 1–3, it was still significantly worse than Example 1. In the later stages of the experiment, feeding time shortened and rumen pH dropped to 5.8 at one point. This indicates that behavioral dynamic regulation can promptly identify early signs of acidosis and intervene through dosage adjustments, further improving the stability and reliability of acid excretion.

[0108] Therefore, this invention employs the aforementioned method for acid removal in cattle and sheep. By dividing the acid removal conditioning agent into three functional component packages—morning feed, midday feed, and evening feed—it achieves precise delivery of different components at different fermentation stages in the rumen. The morning feed package, primarily composed of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and Coptis chinensis, can quickly buffer the large amount of organic acids generated after morning feeding while inhibiting harmful bacteria. The midday feed package, primarily composed of active dry yeast and licorice, promotes rumen microbial proliferation and repairs the rumen mucosa. The evening feed package, primarily composed of dried tangerine peel and thiamine, promotes rumen peristalsis and pyruvate metabolism at night, reducing lactic acid accumulation. This staggered feeding schedule ensures that each component exerts its effect within its optimal time window, improving acid removal efficiency.

[0109] Based on the proportion of concentrate in the diet, three levels of rumen acidosis risk—low, medium, and high—are defined, and the quality ratio of sodium bicarbonate to dried tangerine peel is dynamically matched to achieve precise acid excretion control under different feeding conditions. A four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding model, including adaptation, intensive, stabilization, and fasting periods, is adopted to avoid feeding stress caused by sudden addition. The fasting period allows the rumen microbiota to recover, reducing tolerance caused by long-term addition and ensuring the continuity and stability of acid excretion effects. Combined with behavioral dynamic regulation, the dosage of functional component packages is automatically increased when feeding time or rumination time is significantly shortened, forming a closed-loop control of monitoring, feedback, and adjustment.

[0110] The overall method is simple to operate, can stably maintain rumen pH within a reasonable range, reduce the incidence of subacute rumen acidosis, improve feeding and rumination behavior in cattle and sheep, and enhance feed utilization efficiency under high-concentrate feed mode. It is suitable for large-scale cattle and sheep farms.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for removing acid from cattle and sheep, characterized in that... This includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of functional component packs: Prepare acid removal conditioning agents, which include baking soda, dried tangerine peel, thiamine, magnesium oxide, active dry yeast, Coptis chinensis and licorice. Select acid removal conditioning agents to prepare morning feeding functional component packs, midday feeding functional component packs and evening feeding functional component packs respectively. (2) Based on the proportion of concentrate in the daily diet of cattle and sheep, the risk level of rumen acidosis is divided, and the ratio of sodium bicarbonate and dried tangerine peel is dynamically matched according to different risk levels; (3) Adopt a four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding mode including adaptation period, reinforcement period, stabilization period and feeding stop period, match the corresponding standard feeding dose according to the risk level, and adjust the amount of acid removal conditioner added in stages; (4) Adopt a staggered feeding mode, and feed the corresponding functional component packs at different feeding times each day. In each time period, the corresponding functional component packs are first mixed with concentrates and fed, and then roughage is fed after the feeding is completed.

2. The method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the acid-removing conditioning agent is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of baking soda, 15-25 parts of dried tangerine peel, 3-8 parts of thiamine, 8-15 parts of magnesium oxide, 3-8 parts of active dry yeast, 5-10 parts of Coptis chinensis, and 3-6 parts of licorice. The three functional component packages are grouped as follows: the morning feeding functional component package contains all the sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, and Coptis chinensis; the midday feeding functional component package contains all the active dry yeast and licorice; and the evening feeding functional component package contains all the dried tangerine peel and thiamine.

3. The method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the components of the acid-removing conditioning agent are pulverized and mixed to prepare a functional component package. The mixing temperature is 40-60℃ and the particle size is 60-80 mesh.

4. The method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the risk level classification and the corresponding dynamic mass ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel are as follows: Low risk: Concentrates in the diet account for <35%, and the ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is (1.2~1.6):1; Medium risk: Concentrated feed accounts for 35% to 50% of the daily diet, and the ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel is (1.6 to 2.0):1; High risk: Concentrated feed content > 50% of daily diet, with a ratio of baking soda to dried tangerine peel of (2.0-2.5):

1.

5. The method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the standard dose corresponding to each risk level is calculated based on the total daily feed intake: Low-risk level standard dosage: Adult cattle should be fed 30-50g of sodium bicarbonate, 20-35g of dried tangerine peel, 2-4g of thiamine, 5-10g of magnesium oxide, 2-5g of active dry yeast, 3-6g of Coptis chinensis, and 2-4g of licorice per day; Adult sheep should be fed 3-6g of sodium bicarbonate, 3-6g of dried tangerine peel, 0.3-0.8g of thiamine, 0.5-1.5g of magnesium oxide, 0.3-0.8g of active dry yeast, 0.5-1.5g of Coptis chinensis, and 0.3-0.8g of licorice per day. The standard dose for medium-risk levels is 120% to 150% of that for low-risk levels, and the standard dose for high-risk levels is 150% to 200% of that for low-risk levels.

6. A method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 5, characterized in that, The four-stage closed-loop gradient feeding mode in step (3) is as follows: Adaptation period: Feed continuously for 5-7 days, with the amount added being 50%-70% of the standard dose; Fortification period: Feed continuously for 7-10 days, with the added amount being 100% of the standard dose; Stabilization period: Feed continuously for 3-5 days, with the amount of supplement added being 80%-90% of the standard dose; Feeding stoppage period: Stop feeding for 5 to 7 consecutive days, stop adding acid-reducing conditioners, and increase the proportion of roughage in the diet by 5% to 10%.

7. A method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 6, characterized in that, Adjust the feeding cycle length according to the differences in diet type: When the daily diet is a corn silage diet, shorten the adaptation period to 3-5 days and extend the fortification period to 10-14 days; When the diet is a distillers' grains-based diet, extend the stabilization period to 5-7 days and shorten the fasting period to 3-5 days.

8. The method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes behavioral dynamic regulation steps: daily monitoring of cattle and sheep feeding time, rumination time and activity level. When feeding time is shortened by more than 20% or rumination time is shortened by more than 30% compared to the previous day, the overall dosage of the three functional group packages will be increased by 10% to 20% on the next feeding day.

9. A method for removing acid from cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thiamine is coated thiamine, and the coating material is at least one of hydrogenated vegetable oil, stearic acid, and ethyl cellulose.

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