An ergonomic back system

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of ergonomics back system, including drive control module, human axial slip cancellation unit, linkage driven support module, ergonomic support shaping module and multi-part composite support surface layer, drive control module outputs linear driving force, drives human axial slip cancellation unit to drive back support frame to generate the composite motion of backward sliding and upward rotation, linkage driven support module synchronously drives the downward inclination of thigh support plate to generate reverse friction force, realizes human axial slip cancellation, ergonomic support shaping module is pressed down by self-weight, elastic bearing component occurs deformation and is in abutment with bottom arc-shaped elbow pipe, occurs bending deformation and fits human thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis curvature, independent lumbar support plate carries out fixed point rigid jacking, and multi-part composite support surface layer is deformed simultaneously to disperse pressure.The system realizes back lifting anti-slippage and physiological posture shaping support by linkage mechanism and elastic structure cooperation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical devices and smart home auxiliary equipment technology, specifically to an ergonomic spinal system. Background Technology

[0002] Electric beds and nursing beds are important devices for bedridden care and support, and are widely used in medical rehabilitation and home life. These devices are generally equipped with a backrest function, which raises the bed board through a mechanical structure to help users complete the transformation from lying down to sitting up, thereby meeting the needs of daily eating, activities, or specific nursing positions.

[0003] In existing common usage scenarios, most backrest lifting systems adopt a solution of rigid flat plate combined with single-axis fixed-point rotation. When the system receives the backrest lifting command, the bottom motor drives the rigid back plate to rotate upward around the fixed hinge axis on the bed frame base. The user's upper body leans against the back plate and is passively lifted. The supine posture of the human body can be changed by adjusting the tilt angle of the back plate.

[0004] This traditional structure based on fixed-axis rotation causes significant axial slippage of the human body in practical applications. Due to the positional deviation between the fixed rotation axis of the rigid backrest and the natural bending point of the human body when raising its back, the single circular motion trajectory of the backrest exerts an axial force downward along the bed surface on the human back during the continuous rotation and lifting process. This force forces the human torso and buttocks to slide continuously towards the foot of the bed involuntarily, and the amount of sliding displacement increases significantly with the increase of the back-raising angle. This relative displacement not only causes the user's actual sitting posture to deviate from the preset bed surface support area, but also generates continuous shear force between the human skin and the bed surface during the sliding process, which seriously undermines the stability of the back support and increases the risk of local soft tissue injury to the user. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an ergonomic back support system that solves two major defects caused by the single-axis rotation when raising the back of an existing electric bed: first, the rotation of the backboard causes axial slippage of the torso, resulting in skin shear force and the risk of pressure injury; second, the rigid straight board cannot match the S-curve of the human spine, leading to the problem of the lower back being unsupported and muscles becoming tense in compensation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides an ergonomic back system, comprising: a drive control module, a human body axial sliding offset unit, a linkage driven support module, an ergonomic support and shaping module, and a multi-zone composite support surface layer; The drive control module outputs a linear drive force to the human body axial sliding cancellation unit, which drives the connected backrest frame to produce a combined motion of sliding towards the foot of the bed and rotating upward. The linkage driven support module receives the composite motion and drives the thigh support plate included in the linkage driven support module to tilt downward and generate a reverse friction force on the contact surface. The reverse friction force, together with the aforementioned horizontal linear displacement, achieves axial sliding cancellation. The ergonomic support and shaping module is subjected to the downward pressure of the human body's own weight. The elastic load-bearing component inside the ergonomic support and shaping module deforms and abuts against the bottom imitation spinal curve tube for limitation. The ergonomic support and shaping module bends and deforms to correspond to the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis curvature of the human body. The multi-zone composite support surface layer is located above the ergonomic support shaping module. The multi-zone composite support surface layer is synchronously deformed under pressure to disperse the downward pressure of the human body to multiple support areas to establish a surface support state.

[0007] Preferably, the human body axial slippage cancellation unit includes an iron frame with reinforcing ribs, an inner sliding frame, a low-friction mating surface, a sliding groove and a nylon wheel limiting component, a back-lifting fixing tube and a drive tube; the back-lifting frame is provided with a back-lifting frame reinforcing tube and a back-lifting frame transverse reinforcing tube. The inner sliding frame and the iron frame are connected in the horizontal direction through the low-friction mating surface and slide relative to each other. The back-lifting motor in the drive control module is connected to the inner sliding frame to provide horizontal linear thrust. The hinge end of the back-lifting fixing tube and the iron frame is provided with the sliding groove and the nylon wheel limiting component; within the free stroke of the end bolt of the back-lifting fixing tube before it reaches the preset critical position of the sliding groove, the back-lifting fixing tube does not apply a lifting thrust to the back-lifting frame, and the drive tube moves with the inner sliding frame and applies an upward thrust. After the end bolt of the back support tube slides to the preset critical position of the slide groove and ends its free travel, the slide groove and the nylon wheel limiting component form a mechanical limit on the back support tube. The back support tube and the drive tube together apply a continuous lifting thrust to the back support frame, causing the rotation center of the back support frame to shift towards the head of the human body and move upward as a whole to a preset back support angle of no more than 60 degrees.

[0008] Preferably, the back support frame moves upward and backward to generate a reverse displacement. In the traditional fixed-axis back support state, there is an initial displacement of the human body sliding towards the foot of the bed. The reverse displacement and the initial displacement are calculated together according to the back support human body sliding displacement neutralization calculation formula. The back-lifting fixing tube and the drive tube work together to make the reverse displacement equal to the initial displacement, so that the position of the human hip joint relative to the bed base remains fixed throughout the back-lifting process and the displacement is canceled out.

[0009] Preferably, the ergonomic support and shaping module includes a spinal-like curved tube equipped with a curved reinforcing tube, an elastic load-bearing component, a multi-layer board, and an independent lumbar support plate. The simulated spinal bend tube is manufactured by welding or stamping and the material is selected from iron tube, aluminum alloy tube, titanium alloy tube or stainless steel tube to form the minimum limit boundary. The elastic load-bearing component is located above the simulated spinal curve tube, and the elastic load-bearing component includes a serpentine spring, a straight spring, a steel rope, or a strong elastic rope. The multi-layer board is connected and fixed to the elastic load-bearing component at multiple points. The elastic load-bearing component bears the weight transmitted by the multilayer board and undergoes downward elastic deformation until it tangentially abuts against the surface of the bottom layer of the simulated spinal curve tube. The multilayer board deforms accordingly and forms an S-shaped physiological curve with the waist protruding upward and the back curving downward. The independent lumbar support plate provides fixed-point rigid support to the lumbar region of the human body to fill gaps and maintain the physiological lordosis angle of the lumbar spine.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-zone composite support surface layer includes a first functional layer, a second functional layer and a third functional layer stacked from top to bottom, and is divided into a shoulder support area, a thoracic spine support area, a lumbar spine support area and a sacral and coccygeal support area. The uppermost support plate of the multi-layer board, in conjunction with the first functional layer, provides support in the shoulder support area; the upper and lower thoracic vertebrae support plates of the multi-layer board, in conjunction with the second functional layer, provide support in the thoracic vertebrae support area; the independent lumbar vertebrae support plate, in conjunction with the third functional layer, provides rigid support in the lumbar vertebrae support area; the lowermost hip multi-layer board of the multi-layer board, in conjunction with the second functional layer, provides a support surface in the sacral and coccygeal support area. The ratio of the total longitudinal length of the support plate assembly corresponding to the thoracic vertebral support area to the longitudinal length of the independent lumbar vertebral support plate is set to 1.55:1 to match the golden ratio of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of the spine.

[0011] Preferably, the curved contour design of the bed board of the ergonomic support and shaping module is based on the calculation formula of the spinal arc curvature, and the minimum limit boundary of the ergonomic support and shaping module is constructed by combining the spinal curvature radius, spinal chord length and sagittal plane arch height parameters.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a longitudinal frame fixed to the bed frame base and extending in the horizontal longitudinal direction; Upon receiving the command to lie flat and reset, the back support frame follows the backward horizontal linear movement of the human body axial sliding countermeasure unit and performs a downward descent action, thereby driving the multi-layer board to move downward. The lateral dimension of the multilayer board is set to be greater than the lateral spacing between the two longitudinal frames, so that the bottom edge of the multilayer board physically interferes with the longitudinal frames to block the downward movement path; The longitudinal frame applies an upward blocking force to the multi-layer board, causing the multi-layer board to be laid flat one by one from bottom to top, starting from the lowest support plate corresponding to the human hip position. The elastic bearing component simultaneously releases its bending deformation and disengages from the limiting surface of the bottom layer of the simulated spinal curve tube.

[0013] Preferably, the linkage driven support module includes a thigh support plate, a leg flexion drive assembly, and a gravity reverse friction force generating unit; The leg-bending drive assembly is equipped with a leg-bending linear motor, a thigh drive device, and a calf drive device; the leg-bending drive assembly connects the back-raising frame and the thigh support plate; during the back-raising motion, the leg-bending drive assembly follows the composite motion trajectory of the back-raising frame, and pulls the thigh support plate downward to tilt and rotate through the thigh drive device and the calf drive device. The gravity-reverse friction force generating unit utilizes the weight component of the human lower limbs, which tilts synchronously with the thigh support plate, to generate reverse friction force in the contact area, counteracting the tendency of the human body to slide towards the foot of the bed due to axial thrust.

[0014] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for operating an ergonomic back system, employing the ergonomic back system provided in the first aspect of this invention, comprising the following steps: S1. The drive control module is powered on and outputs linear drive force to the human body axial slip cancellation unit, causing the back-raising frame of the human body axial slip cancellation unit to produce a compound motion of sliding towards the foot of the bed and rotating upward. At the same time, it pulls and links the driven support module to generate a reverse friction force. The initial cancellation of the human body axial slip is completed through the reverse friction force and the horizontal linear displacement, and the initial back-raising posture is obtained. S2. Based on the initial back posture obtained in S1, the drive control module continues to run and pushes the human body axial sliding offset unit to reach the preset limit node, so that the rotation center of the back frame shifts towards the head. The backward horizontal displacement generated by the human body axial sliding offset unit neutralizes the human body sliding displacement towards the foot of the bed, thus completing the sliding offset positioning in the continuous back posture state. S3. After the sliding offset positioning is completed in S2, the ergonomic support shaping module is pressed down by the weight of the human body. The elastic bearing component in the ergonomic support shaping module deforms until it abuts against the bottom simulated spinal curve tube, so that the ergonomic support shaping module bends and deforms to conform to the physiological curve of the spine. At the same time, the multi-zone composite support surface layer above the ergonomic support shaping module is deformed by pressure, dispersing the pressure of the human body to multiple support areas and establishing a simulated ergonomic surface support state. S4. After maintaining the ergonomic surface support state described in S3, a flat reset command is received. The drive control module runs in reverse, causing the multi-layer board on the surface of the ergonomic support shaping module to physically interfere with the longitudinal frame during the descent. The physical interference blocks the falling path, causing the multi-layer board to flatten out step by step from bottom to top, and finally return to a horizontal plane state.

[0015] This invention provides an ergonomic spinal system. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses a sliding frame that moves horizontally and a groove limiting structure consisting of a long fixed tube and a short sliding push rod to drive the back support frame to produce a composite motion of backward sliding and upward rotation. At the same time, a linkage transmission mechanism is used to synchronously pull the thigh support plate downward to generate a reverse friction force based on the weight of the lower limbs. This neutralizes the backward displacement of the back support frame with the displacement of the human body sliding towards the foot of the bed due to the pushing force. This achieves a stable and anti-slip support effect by keeping the human hip joint fixed relative to the bed base and eliminating the shear force on the skin throughout the entire back-raising process.

[0016] 2. This invention uses a bottom arc-shaped curved tube combined with multiple layers of support plates and elastic load-bearing components to form a surface support surface. When the back is raised, the body's own weight is used to compress the internal elastic load-bearing components, causing them to deform and abut against the limit boundary of the arc-shaped curved tube. At the same time, the independent lumbar support plate provides fixed-point rigid support to the lumbar region to fill the gap in the waist. This achieves an ergonomic shaping and support effect where the surface support structure bends and deforms to conform to the physiological curvature of the thoracic spine and the lumbar spine, thereby maintaining the physiological posture of the spine and relieving the compensation of the back muscles.

[0017] 3. This invention lays a multi-zone composite support surface layer composed of stacked multi-functional layers on top of the ergonomic support and shaping module, dividing it into support areas for the shoulder, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and sacrum and coccyx for differentiated support. During the flattening and repositioning action, the multi-layer support plates and the longitudinal support tubes of the bed frame physically interfere with each other to block the falling path. This achieves a linkage bearing effect in the back-raising state, which evenly distributes the pressure of the upper body to each support area to avoid the accumulation of local high pressure. In the lying-down stage, the interference resistance forces the multi-layer support plates to flatten from bottom to top step by step to restore a flat state. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the human body displacement neutralization action of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an ergonomic back device of the present invention in a supine position. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the process of raising the back and legs of an ergonomic back device according to the present invention (without a human body supporting the back). Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ergonomic back support device of the present invention after the leg is raised (with a human body supporting the back). Figure 6 This is a 45° perspective top view of an ergonomic spine device according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a 45° top view of an ergonomic spine device according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a 45° top view of the back support portion of an ergonomic spine device according to the present invention. Figure 9 This is a 45° top view of the entire bed of the ergonomic spine device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the sitting posture of an ergonomic spine device according to the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the reclining state of an ergonomic spine device according to the present invention.

[0020] The components include: 1. Lower leg drive device; 2. Thigh drive device; 3. Leg flexion linear motor; 4. Hip multi-layer board; 5. Slide groove; 6. Back lifting motor; 7. Simulated spinal curve tube; 8. Back lifting frame reinforcing tube; 9. Back lifting fixing tube; 10. Snake spring; 11. Iron frame; 12. Back lifting frame; 13. Drive tube; 14. Curved reinforcing tube; 15. Longitudinal frame; 16. Leg flexion drive assembly; 17. Nylon wheel; 18. Reinforcing rib; 19. Back lifting frame transverse reinforcing tube; 20. Plug bolt; 21. Linear motor; 22. Multi-layer board. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see the appendix Figures 1-11The present invention provides an ergonomic back system that may include a drive control module, a human body axial sliding offset unit, a linkage driven support module, an ergonomic support and shaping module, and a multi-zone composite support surface layer.

[0023] When the drive control module is powered on, it outputs a linear driving force to the human body axial sliding cancellation unit. The linear motor 21 inside the drive control module pushes the inner sliding frame of the human body axial sliding cancellation unit to produce a horizontal linear displacement along the head of the bed. The human body axial sliding cancellation unit drives the connected backrest frame (12) to produce a compound motion of sliding towards the foot of the bed and rotating upward.

[0024] The aforementioned composite motion is transmitted to the linkage driven support module, which drives the thigh support plate to tilt downward and generate a reverse friction force on the contact surface. The reverse friction force, combined with the aforementioned horizontal linear displacement, cancels out the axial sliding during the initial stage of back extension.

[0025] The drive control module continues to run and reaches the preset limit node of the internal slide. The rotation center of the human body axial sliding offset unit shifts towards the head, and the back frame 12 moves upward as a whole. The backward horizontal displacement generated by the human body axial sliding offset unit cancels out the sliding displacement towards the foot of the bed generated by the human body itself.

[0026] During the back-raising movement, the ergonomic support and shaping module is pressed down by the body's own weight. The elastic load-bearing components inside the ergonomic support and shaping module deform and abut against the bottom spinal curve tube 7 for limiting. The ergonomic support and shaping module bends and deforms to conform to the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis curvature of the human body.

[0027] The multi-zone composite support surface layer above the ergonomic support shaping module is simultaneously deformed under pressure. The multi-zone composite support surface layer disperses the downward pressure of the human body to multiple support areas to establish a surface support state.

[0028] After receiving the flattening reset command, the drive control module runs in reverse. During the descent, the multi-layer plate 22 on the surface of the ergonomic support shaping module physically interferes with the longitudinal structural components of the bed frame. The physical interference causes the supporting structure on the surface of the ergonomic support shaping module to flatten gradually from bottom to top. The elastic bearing components inside the ergonomic support shaping module release the deformation stress and restore the system to a horizontal plane state.

[0029] The human body axial slippage cancellation unit may include an iron frame 11 with reinforcing ribs 18, an inner sliding frame, a low-friction mating surface, a sliding groove 5 and a nylon wheel 17 limiting component, a back-lifting fixing tube 9 and a drive tube 13; in addition, the back-lifting frame 12 may be provided with a back-lifting frame reinforcing tube 8 and a back-lifting frame transverse reinforcing tube 19 to enhance structural rigidity.

[0030] The iron frame 11 is fixedly installed on the bed frame base, and the inner sliding frame is placed above the iron frame 11. The inner sliding frame and the iron frame 11 are connected in the horizontal direction through a low-friction mating surface and slide relative to each other. The back-lifting motor 6 in the drive control module is connected to the inner sliding frame to provide horizontal linear thrust.

[0031] When the backrest motor 6 is powered on, it pushes the inner sliding frame to slide linearly along the iron frame 11 toward the head of the bed. The hinge end of the backrest fixing tube 9 and the iron frame 11 is provided with the groove 5 and the nylon wheel 17 limiting component. The plug bolt 20 at the end of the backrest fixing tube 9 slides freely in the groove 5. The backrest fixing tube 9 does not apply a lifting force to the backrest frame 12. The drive tube 13 moves with the inner sliding frame and applies an upward force to the backrest frame 12. Under the push of the drive tube 13, the backrest frame 12 produces a combined motion of sliding and rotating toward the foot of the bed.

[0032] The plug bolt 20 at the end of the backrest fixing tube 9 slides to the preset critical position of the slide groove 5 and ends the free stroke. The backrest motor 6 continues to push the inner sliding frame to slide towards the head of the bed. The slide groove 5 and the nylon wheel 17 limit components form a mechanical limit on the backrest fixing tube 9. The backrest fixing tube 9 and the drive tube 13 together apply a continuous lifting thrust to the backrest frame 12. The rotation center of the backrest frame 12 shifts towards the head of the human body and moves upward as a whole to the preset backrest angle. The preset backrest angle is limited to a maximum of 60 degrees.

[0033] The backrest frame (12) moves upward and backward, generating a reverse displacement S2. In the traditional fixed-axis backrest state, there is an initial displacement S1 where the human body slides towards the foot of the bed. The initial displacement S1 satisfies the formula: In the formula, Represents the traditional pivot radius and Representing the backrest elevation angle, the backrest fixing tube 9 and the drive tube 13 work together to make the reverse displacement S2 generated by the backrest frame 12 equal to the initial displacement S1. The position of the human hip joint relative to the bed base remains fixed throughout the backrest process and completes displacement cancellation.

[0034] The ergonomic support and shaping module may include a spinal-like curved tube 7 equipped with a curved reinforcing tube 14, an elastic load-bearing component, a multi-layer board 22, and an independent lumbar support plate.

[0035] The simulated spinal curve tube 7 is located at the bottom of the ergonomic support and shaping module. The elastic load-bearing component is located above the simulated spinal curve tube 7. The elastic load-bearing component includes a serpentine spring 10, a straight spring, a steel rope, or a strong elastic rope. The multi-layer plate 22 is connected and fixed to the elastic load-bearing component at multiple points. The simulated spinal curve tube 7 is set according to the natural physiological curve of the human spine to form the minimum limit boundary of the ergonomic support and shaping module.

[0036] The spinal curvature tube 7, the back support tube 9, the longitudinal frame 15, and the back support frame 12 can all be manufactured by welding or stamping, and the materials can be selected from iron tubes, aluminum alloy tubes, titanium alloy tubes, or stainless steel tubes; the multilayer board 22 can also be replaced with aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, or stainless steel to provide support of equal strength.

[0037] The weight of the human body presses down on the multi-layer board 22. The elastic bearing component bears the gravity transmitted by the multi-layer board 22 and undergoes downward elastic deformation. The elastic bearing component continues to deform until it is tangentially abutted against the surface of the bottom imitation spinal curve tube 7. The multi-layer board 22 deforms accordingly and forms an S-shaped physiological curve with the waist protruding upward and the back bending downward.

[0038] The ergonomic support and shaping module's curved bed board design utilizes the basic formula of circular curvature: In the formula, R represents the radius of the spinal curvature or the bending radius of the bed board; L represents the chord length of the spine or the straight-line distance between two points; and h represents the sagittal plane arch height or the maximum protrusion and depression depth of the curvature.

[0039] The formula for converting bending angle to curvature satisfies: In the formula, θ represents the central angle of the bend.

[0040] The independent lumbar support plate provides fixed-point rigid support to the lumbar region of the human body. The support angle of the independent lumbar support plate satisfies the spine-pelvis coupling balance formula with the parameters of the human pelvis. In the formula, LL represents the lumbar lordosis angle, and PI represents the pelvic incidence angle. The independent lumbar support plate provides support to fill the gap between the human lumbar spine and the multi-layer plate 22 and maintain the physiological lordosis angle of the human lumbar spine.

[0041] The multi-zone composite support layer may include a first functional layer, a second functional layer, a third functional layer, a shoulder support area, a thoracic spine support area, a lumbar spine support area, and a sacral and coccygeal support area.

[0042] The first functional layer is located at the top of the multi-zone composite support surface layer and contains slow-rebound memory foam or natural latex material. The second functional layer is located below the first functional layer and contains high-elasticity sponge or independent spring units. The third functional layer is located below the second functional layer and contains natural latex or dense independent pocket springs to provide a rigid support base. The first, second and third functional layers are stacked sequentially from top to bottom to form a layered composite structure.

[0043] The multi-layer board 22 includes an uppermost support plate, an upper thoracic vertebral support plate, a lower thoracic vertebral support plate, and a lowermost support plate. The shoulder support area corresponds to the position of the human scapula. The uppermost support plate of the multi-layer board 22, together with the first functional layer, provides support in the shoulder support area to increase the contact area and reduce the local pressure peak. The thoracic vertebral support area corresponds to the position of the first to twelfth thoracic vertebrae. The upper and lower thoracic vertebral support plates of the multi-layer board 22, together with the second functional layer, provide support in the thoracic vertebral support area.

[0044] The lumbar support area corresponds to the positions of the first to fifth lumbar vertebrae in the human body. The independent lumbar support plate, together with the third functional layer, provides rigid support in the lumbar support area to fill the gap between the human lumbar spine and the bed surface. The sacral and coccygeal support area corresponds to the positions of the human sacrum and coccyx. The lowest section of the multi-layer board 22, namely the hip multi-layer board 4, together with the second functional layer, provides a support surface in the sacral and coccygeal support area to distribute the weight of the human upper body to the hip area.

[0045] Preferably, in the multi-layer board 22, the ratio of the total longitudinal length of the support plate combination corresponding to the thoracic vertebra support area to the longitudinal length of the independent lumbar vertebra support plate is set to 1.55:1, so as to meet the golden ergonomic ratio of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of the spine and adapt to the needs of various groups of people for the curved segmentation of the bed.

[0046] The support points of the multi-zone composite support layer are set according to the human skeletal morphology and body pressure distribution pattern. The pressure per unit area of ​​the back under the tilted back posture of the multi-zone composite support layer satisfies the formula for uniform body pressure distribution support: In the formula, P represents the pressure per unit area of ​​the back, G represents the weight of the upper body, β represents the tilt angle of the back, and S represents the overall effective support area of ​​the spine. The multi-zone composite support layer, together with the ergonomic support and shaping module, increases the overall effective support area of ​​the spine and reduces the local pressure per unit area of ​​the back.

[0047] The linkage driven support module may include a thigh support plate, a leg bending drive assembly 16, and a gravity reverse friction force generating unit.

[0048] The thigh support plate is located at the foot of the bed corresponding to the extension direction of the human lower limbs of the backrest frame 12. The leg flexion drive assembly 16 may be equipped with a leg flexion linear motor 3, a thigh part drive device 2, and a lower leg part drive device 1. The leg flexion drive assembly 16 connects the backrest frame 12 and the thigh support plate. When the drive control module pushes the human body axial sliding offset unit to move, it synchronously pulls the leg flexion drive assembly 16 to move.

[0049] During the first stage of the back-raising motion, the back-raising motor 6 pushes the inner sliding frame to slide towards the head of the bed. The leg-bending drive assembly 16 follows the combined motion trajectory of the back-raising frame 12 and pulls the thigh support plate through the thigh part drive device 2 and the lower leg part drive device 1. The thigh support plate tilts and rotates slightly downward under the action of traction force.

[0050] The lower limbs of the human body are placed above the thigh support board and tilt synchronously with the thigh support board. The weight of the lower limbs acts on the contact area between the buttocks and the bed surface and forms a gravity reverse friction force generating unit. The gravity reverse friction force generating unit uses the weight of the lower limbs to generate reverse friction force. The direction of the reverse friction force is opposite to the direction of the axial thrust generated by the back support frame 12 lifting the back of the human body. The reverse friction force counteracts the tendency of the human body to slide towards the foot of the bed due to the axial thrust.

[0051] During the second stage of the back-raising motion, the slide 5 reaches the critical position and ends its free travel. Under the action of the lifting thrust, the back-raising frame 12 continues to slide towards the head of the bed and moves upward as a whole. The leg-flexing drive assembly 16 drives the thigh support plate to increase the downward tilt angle. The gravity reverse friction force generating unit increases the reverse friction force on the contact surface of the human lower limb by increasing the tilt angle. The reverse friction force, combined with the displacement neutralization effect generated by the human body axial sliding offset unit, jointly eliminates the shear force between the human skin and the bed surface.

[0052] The present invention provides an ergonomic back system that may include a back-raising motor 6, an inner sliding frame, a back-raising frame 12, a multi-layer board 22, a longitudinal frame 15, and an elastic load-bearing component.

[0053] The drive control module receives the lying-flat reset command and controls the backrest motor 6 to retract in the opposite direction. The backrest motor 6 pulls the inner sliding frame to slide towards the foot of the bed. The backrest frame 12 follows the inner sliding frame to move backward and synchronously performs a descent action.

[0054] The longitudinal frame 15 is fixed to the bed frame base and extends horizontally. The lateral dimension of the multi-layer board 22 is larger than the lateral distance between the two longitudinal frames 15. The backrest frame 12 drives the multi-layer board 22 to move downward to the height position of the longitudinal frame 15. The bottom edge of the multi-layer board 22 physically interferes with the longitudinal frame 15.

[0055] Physical interference blocks the downward movement of the multi-layer board 22, and the longitudinal frame 15 applies an upward blocking force to the multi-layer board 22. The multi-layer board 22 transmits the blocking force from the lowest support plate corresponding to the human hip position to the remaining support plates above in sequence. The multi-layer board 22 is laid flat piece by piece in the order from bottom to top.

[0056] The elastic bearing component returns to a horizontal state synchronously with the flattening action of the multi-layer board 22. The bending deformation within the elastic bearing component disappears. The elastic bearing component moves upward and disengages from the limiting surface of the bottom imitation spinal curve tube 7. The multi-layer board 22 and the elastic bearing component are returned to the same plane as a whole and the flat rigid bed surface state is restored.

[0057] The structural dimensions, stress point divisions, and motion trajectory parameters of the ergonomic back system described in this invention are all adaptively designed based on the following human trunk and spine anatomical benchmark data.

[0058] First, to determine the overall bed length and basic support ratio, this invention is based on the total length of the spine in a supine position. Specific data can be found in Table 1. Table 1. Benchmark Table for the Proportion of Total Length of Human Trunk and Spine Furthermore, to achieve precise zoning of the multi-zone composite support layer (including the shoulder, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and sacral-coccygeal support areas), this invention allocates the longitudinal dimensions of the multi-layer plate 22 according to the anatomical segment lengths of the spine in different populations, as detailed in Table 2: Table 2. Precise Length Comparison of Four Anatomical Segments of the Spine (Unit: cm) Based on the data in Table 2, the longitudinal proportions of the system bed board are divided by the ischial tuberosity (i.e., the base point of hip rotation). The length of the upper trunk (i.e., the back support area, from the ischium to the seventh cervical vertebra) is set at 46 to 52 cm for men and 42 to 48 cm for women; the length of the lower trunk (i.e., the leg area of ​​the bed board) is adapted to height. To accommodate all population groups, the core proportion of the bed's arc-shaped segments is designed. The longitudinal length ratio of the thoracic vertebrae to the lumbar vertebrae in the multi-layered board 22 follows the golden ratio, approximately 1.55:1.

[0059] Furthermore, the sagittal plane of the spine exhibits four S-shaped physiological curvatures (cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sacral kyphosis). These curvatures dynamically change when the patient is in a sitting or lying position. The bending angle limit and support stroke of the ergonomic support and shaping module in this invention are adaptively adjusted based on the physiological morphological differences among different populations as shown in Table 3. Table 3. Comparison of Bending Angles for Each Segment (Unit: degrees) Based on the data analysis in Table 3, the present invention derives the following differentiated design criteria for different gender groups and degenerative characteristics: Firstly, women are born with a greater lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt angle. After sitting for a long time or getting up, the lumbar curvature decreases much faster than that of men, making the lower back more prone to being suspended and compressed. Secondly, men have a greater kyphosis of the thoracic spine, a straighter back overall, and a smaller degree of postural degeneration as they age; Third, the elderly population commonly exhibits degenerative characteristics such as increased kyphosis in the thoracic spine, loss of lumbar lordosis, and spinal stiffness. Conventional bed boards cannot fit these characteristics, and external mechanical structures must be used to replicate and maintain their physiological curvature.

[0060] Based on the above ergonomic benchmark data and degeneration characteristics, the present invention provides the following three proprietary correction implementation schemes: Example 1 provides an adaptation scheme for adult males. The average kyphosis angle of the thoracic spine of adult males is 36 degrees and the back is relatively straight. The spinal curvature tube 7 of the ergonomic support shaping module is set to a radius of 27 cm corresponding to the thoracic spine of adult males. The support height stroke of the independent lumbar support plate is set to 28 mm to match the lumbar lordosis of adult males. The maximum reverse displacement neutralization value set by the back fixation tube 9 and the drive tube 13 is 42 mm.

[0061] Example 2 provides an adaptation scheme for adult women. Adult women have a large natural lumbar lordosis angle and pelvic tilt angle. The support height stroke of the independent lumbar support plate is set to 35 mm. The adjustment angle of the independent lumbar support plate is matched with the difference between the pelvic incident angle and the lumbar lordosis angle of the adult woman according to the formula LL≈PI±9°. The spinal curvature tube 7 of the ergonomic support shaping module is set to a radius of 25 cm corresponding to the thoracic arc of the adult woman. The maximum reverse displacement neutralization value set by the back fixation tube 9 and the drive tube 13 is 48 mm.

[0062] Example 3 provides a correction solution specifically for the elderly, who exhibit postural degeneration characteristics such as increased thoracic kyphosis and loss of lumbar lordosis. The ergonomic support and shaping module's simulated spinal curve tube 7 is designed to accommodate the thoracic kyphosis of the elderly, with a pre-set upward adjustment range to accommodate a maximum severe kyphosis curvature of 65 degrees. The radius of the thoracic arc of the simulated spinal curve tube 7 is set at 26 cm and is compatible with a curvature adjustment range of 25 to 35 cm. The support height travel of the independent lumbar support plate is increased by 25 mm to 40 mm to compensate for the lumbar collapse gap in the elderly. The maximum reverse displacement neutralization amount, coordinated by the back-raising fixing tube 9 and the drive tube 13, is increased by 15% to 55 mm to eliminate body slippage caused by declining muscle control. Simultaneously, the preset back-raising angle in Example 3 can be extended to a maximum of 75 degrees to meet the specific needs of the elderly for dining posture.

[0063] To facilitate standardized processing and general mass production of this invention, corresponding parameter summary design benchmarks have been set for the above-mentioned implementation schemes for different target groups. Specific reference data are shown in Table 4: Based on the parameter benchmarks shown in Table 4, this system can quickly match the specifications and dimensions of the corresponding modules during the actual manufacturing and assembly process, thereby accurately meeting the needs of various groups of people for spinal physiological curvature support and slip displacement compensation in different back postures.

[0064] In another alternative embodiment, the bending deformation of the ergonomic support shaping module is not limited to passive mechanical linkage. The system can also be configured with multiple independent drive motors (such as linear motor 21) connected to the support plates of corresponding zones, replacing the passive bending of the bed frame spine with active controlled bending, thereby further improving the flexibility of independent adjustment of different areas.

[0065] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ergonomic back system, characterized in that, include: Drive control module, human body axial sliding cancellation unit, linkage driven support module, ergonomic support and shaping module, and multi-zone composite support surface layer; The drive control module outputs a linear drive force to the human body axial sliding cancellation unit, which drives the connected backrest frame (12) to generate a combined motion of sliding towards the foot of the bed and rotating upward. The linkage driven support module receives the composite motion and drives the thigh support plate included in the linkage driven support module to tilt downward and generate a reverse friction force on the contact surface. The reverse friction force, together with the aforementioned horizontal linear displacement, achieves axial sliding cancellation. The ergonomic support and shaping module is subjected to the downward pressure of the human body's own weight. The elastic bearing component inside the ergonomic support and shaping module deforms and abuts against the bottom imitation spinal curve tube (7) for limiting. The ergonomic support and shaping module bends and deforms and corresponds to the curvature of the human body's thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. The multi-zone composite support surface layer is located above the ergonomic support shaping module. The multi-zone composite support surface layer is synchronously deformed under pressure to disperse the downward pressure of the human body to multiple support areas to establish a surface support state.

2. The ergonomic back system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The human body axial slippage cancellation unit includes an iron frame (11) with reinforcing ribs (18), an inner sliding frame, a low friction mating surface, a sliding groove (5) and a nylon wheel (17) limiting component, a back-lifting fixing tube (9) and a drive tube (13); the back-lifting frame (12) is provided with a back-lifting frame reinforcing tube (8) and a back-lifting frame transverse reinforcing tube (19). The inner sliding frame and the iron frame (11) are connected in the horizontal direction through the low friction mating surface and slide relative to each other. The back-lifting motor (6) in the drive control module is connected to the inner sliding frame to provide horizontal linear thrust. The hinge end of the back-lifting fixing tube (9) and the iron frame (11) is provided with the sliding groove (5) and the nylon wheel (17) limiting component; within the free stroke of the end plug bolt (20) of the back-lifting fixing tube (9) before it reaches the preset critical position of the sliding groove (5), the back-lifting fixing tube (9) does not apply a lifting thrust to the back-lifting frame (12), and the drive tube (13) moves with the inner sliding frame and applies an upward thrust; After the end bolt (20) of the back-lifting fixing tube (9) slides to the preset critical position of the slide groove (5) and ends its free stroke, the slide groove (5) and the nylon wheel (17) limiting component form a mechanical limit on the back-lifting fixing tube (9). The back-lifting fixing tube (9) and the drive tube (13) together apply a continuous lifting thrust to the back-lifting frame (12), causing the rotation center of the back-lifting frame (12) to shift towards the head of the human body and move upward as a whole to a preset back-lifting angle of no more than sixty degrees.

3. The ergonomic back system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The back support frame (12) moves upward and backward to generate a reverse displacement. In the traditional fixed-axis back support state, there is an initial displacement of the human body sliding towards the foot of the bed. The reverse displacement and the initial displacement are calculated together according to the back support human body sliding displacement neutralization calculation formula. The back-lifting fixing tube (9) and the driving tube (13) work together to make the reverse displacement equal to the initial displacement, so that the position of the human hip joint relative to the bed base remains fixed throughout the back-lifting process and the displacement is offset.

4. The ergonomic back system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ergonomic support and shaping module includes a spinal-like curved tube (7) equipped with a curved reinforcing tube (14), an elastic load-bearing component, a multi-layer board (22), and an independent lumbar support plate. The simulated spinal bend (7) is manufactured by welding or stamping and the material is selected from iron pipe, aluminum alloy pipe, titanium alloy pipe or stainless steel pipe to form the minimum limit boundary. The elastic bearing component is located above the simulated spinal curve tube (7), and the elastic bearing component includes a serpentine spring (10), a straight spring, a steel rope or a strong elastic rope. The multi-layer board (22) is connected and fixed to the elastic bearing component at multiple points. The elastic bearing component bears the weight transmitted by the multilayer board (22) and undergoes downward elastic deformation until it tangentially abuts against the surface of the bottom layer of the simulated spinal curve tube (7). The multilayer board (22) deforms accordingly and forms an S-shaped physiological curve with the waist protruding upward and the back bending downward. The independent lumbar support plate provides fixed-point rigid support to the lumbar region of the human body to fill gaps and maintain the physiological lordosis angle of the lumbar spine.

5. The ergonomic back system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multi-zone composite support surface layer includes a first functional layer, a second functional layer and a third functional layer stacked from top to bottom, and is divided into a shoulder support area, a thoracic spine support area, a lumbar spine support area and a sacral and coccygeal support area. The uppermost support plate of the multi-layer board (22) provides support in the shoulder support area in conjunction with the first functional layer; the upper thoracic vertebra support plate and the lower thoracic vertebra support plate of the multi-layer board (22) provide support in the thoracic vertebra support area in conjunction with the second functional layer; the independent lumbar vertebra support plate provides rigid support in the lumbar vertebra support area in conjunction with the third functional layer; the lowermost buttock multi-layer board (4) of the multi-layer board (22) provides a support surface in the sacrum and coccyx support area in conjunction with the second functional layer; The ratio of the total longitudinal length of the support plate assembly corresponding to the thoracic vertebral support area to the longitudinal length of the independent lumbar vertebral support plate is set to 1.55:1 to match the golden ratio of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of the spine.

6. The ergonomic back system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The curved contour design of the bed board of the ergonomic support and shaping module is based on the calculation formula of the spinal arc curvature. The minimum limit boundary of the ergonomic support and shaping module is constructed by combining the spinal curvature radius, spinal chord length and sagittal plane arch height parameters.

7. The ergonomic back system according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a longitudinal frame (15) fixed to the bed frame base and extending along the horizontal longitudinal direction. After receiving the lying down reset command, the back support frame (12) follows the backward horizontal linear movement of the human body axial sliding offset unit to perform a downward landing action, driving the multi-layer board (22) to move downward; The lateral dimension of the multilayer board (22) is set to be greater than the lateral distance between the two longitudinal frames (15), so that the bottom edge of the multilayer board (22) physically interferes with the longitudinal frame (15) to block the downward movement path; The longitudinal frame (15) applies an upward blocking force to the multi-layer board (22), causing the multi-layer board (22) to be laid flat piece by piece from bottom to top, starting from the lowest support plate corresponding to the human hip position. The elastic bearing component simultaneously releases its bending deformation and detaches from the limiting surface of the bottom layer of the simulated spinal curve tube (7).

8. The ergonomic back system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage driven support module includes a thigh support plate, a leg flexion drive assembly (16), and a gravity reverse friction force generating unit; The leg-bending drive assembly (16) is equipped with a leg-bending linear motor (3), a thigh part drive device (2), and a calf part drive device (1); the leg-bending drive assembly (16) connects the back-raising frame (12) and the thigh support plate; during the back-raising motion, the leg-bending drive assembly (16) follows the composite motion trajectory of the back-raising frame (12), and pulls the thigh support plate to tilt and rotate downward through the thigh part drive device (2) and the calf part drive device (1); The gravity-reverse friction force generating unit utilizes the weight component of the human lower limbs, which tilts synchronously with the thigh support plate, to generate reverse friction force in the contact area, counteracting the tendency of the human body to slide towards the foot of the bed due to axial thrust.

9. The ergonomic back system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is also equipped with multiple linear motors (21), which are respectively connected to the support plates of the corresponding partitions in the ergonomic support shaping module, replacing the passive mechanical linkage bending of the bed spine with active controlled bending that can be independently adjusted in multiple areas.

10. A method for operating an ergonomic spine system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The drive control module is powered on and outputs a linear drive force to the human body axial sliding cancellation unit, causing the back-raising frame (12) of the human body axial sliding cancellation unit to produce a composite motion of sliding towards the foot of the bed and rotating upward. At the same time, the driven support module is pulled to generate a reverse friction force. The initial cancellation of the human body axial sliding is completed through the reverse friction force and the horizontal linear displacement, and the initial back-raising posture is obtained. S2. Based on the initial back posture obtained in S1, the drive control module continues to run and pushes the human body axial sliding offset unit to reach the preset limit node, so that the rotation center of the back frame (12) shifts towards the head. The backward horizontal displacement generated by the human body axial sliding offset unit neutralizes the human body sliding displacement towards the foot of the bed, thus completing the sliding offset positioning in the continuous back posture state. S3. After the sliding offset positioning is completed in S2, the ergonomic support shaping module is pressed down by the weight of the human body. The elastic bearing component in the ergonomic support shaping module deforms until it abuts against the bottom imitation spinal curve tube (7), so that the ergonomic support shaping module bends to conform to the physiological curve of the spine. At the same time, the multi-zone composite support surface layer above the ergonomic support shaping module is deformed by pressure, dispersing the human body pressure to multiple support areas and establishing an ergonomic surface support state. S4. After maintaining the ergonomic surface support state described in S3, a flat reset command is received. The drive control module runs in reverse, causing the multi-layer board (22) on the surface of the ergonomic support shaping module to physically interfere with the longitudinal frame (15) during the descent. The physical interference blocks the falling path, causing the multi-layer board (22) to flatten out step by step from bottom to top, and finally return to the horizontal plane state.

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