Pressure injury judgment and early warning method and early warning operating bed

Abstract

The application discloses a pressure injury judgment and early warning method and an early warning operating bed, relates to the technical field of computer control programs, and comprises the following steps: S01, acquiring real-time pressure data of each stress point on the back of the operating bed, combining patient medical record information and clinical doctor's order data to perform initial risk assessment and pressure threshold initialization, and obtaining an initial risk grade of each stress point and a corresponding grade pressure early warning threshold; S02, based on the initial risk grade of each stress point and the corresponding grade pressure early warning threshold. The application effectively solves the technical problems of lacking real-time dynamic monitoring, lacking collaborative control and lacking early prediction ability in the prior art through the organic combination of stress point state detection, multi-air bag collaborative control and graded early warning judgment, can significantly reduce the incidence of intraoperative pressure injury, and improves the safety and comfort of surgical patients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of computer control program technology, specifically to a method for judging and warning of pressure injuries and a warning operating table. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods for preventing intraoperative pressure injuries in clinical practice include: preoperative risk assessment using tools such as the Braden Scale and the Waterlow Scale; intraoperative pressure distribution using passive support devices such as positioning pads and sponge pads; and regular rounds and manual adjustment of patient position by nursing staff.

[0003] In recent years, some studies have attempted to combine airbag structures with pressure sensors to control the inflation and deflation of airbags by detecting pressure changes at pressure points. For example, Chinese patent publication CN106726223A, published on May 31, 2017, discloses a medical bed that can improve patients' sleep quality. It includes a mattress pressure plate and a rotating shaft. The mattress is placed on the bed frame, with the mattress pressure plate installed on the front end of the mattress. The airbag is installed in the inner cavity of the airbag fixing seat, and an airbag cover is installed on the top of the airbag. The support block and spring seat are installed on the left end face of the bed frame, and the spring plate is installed on the left end face of the support block via the rotating shaft. This patent uses pressure feedback to monitor pressure changes at key pressure points in real time and deflates the airbag when the pressure exceeds a threshold.

[0004] In the prior art, including the aforementioned patents, only the pressure value at a single point in time is considered to be exceeded, lacking a comprehensive judgment on the cumulative effect of pressure and failing to accurately assess the risk of pressure injury. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for judging and warning of pressure injury and a warning operating table to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for judging and warning of pressure injury, comprising the following steps: S01. Obtain real-time pressure data of each force point on the back of the operating table, combine patient medical record information and clinical medical order data to conduct initial risk assessment and pressure threshold initialization, and obtain the initial risk level of each force point and the corresponding pressure warning threshold. S02. Based on the initial risk level of each stress point and the corresponding pressure warning threshold, perform real-time monitoring and trend analysis of the pressure status of each stress point on the back and record the time series data of pressure changes simultaneously to obtain the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point. S03. Based on the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point, perform coordinated pressure distribution control on multiple airbags on the operating table, adjust the inflation volume of each airbag to optimize the overall pressure distribution on the back, and obtain the coordinated airbag control parameters. S04. Based on the coordinated airbag control parameters and the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point, a comprehensive assessment and classification of the risk of pressure injury is conducted to obtain the risk assessment result and warning level. S05. Based on the risk assessment results and warning levels, execute graded warning output and airbag control strategy updates, and generate warning notification information and optimized airbag control parameters. S06. Push the early warning notification information to the medical terminal, and continuously execute airbag collaborative control according to the optimized airbag control parameters to obtain the early warning result of pressure injury judgment.

[0007] Preferably, the step S01 of obtaining the initial risk level and the corresponding pressure warning threshold of each stress point includes the following steps: S11. The timing of signal acquisition by each pressure sensor arranged on the operating table is calibrated, the initial pressure value of each force point is extracted, and the initial pressure distribution mapping information is generated. S12. Based on the initial pressure distribution mapping information, and combined with the patient's basic information such as body mass index, age and skin condition, perform initial risk feature extraction on each stress point to generate a risk feature vector for each stress point. S13. Combine the risk feature vector of each stress point with the position-related keyword information in the patient's medical record information and then perform corresponding analysis to generate an initial risk level that matches each stress point. S14. Based on the initial risk level, set the corresponding pressure warning threshold and cumulative pressure duration threshold for each stress point, and complete the initial registration of the pressure warning threshold.

[0008] Preferably, the pressure warning threshold includes a first pressure threshold and a second pressure threshold. Initially, the first pressure threshold is lower than the second pressure threshold. During operation: When the real-time pressure value at the stress point exceeds the first pressure threshold but does not exceed the second pressure threshold, the first-level warning is triggered and the start time of exceeding the threshold is recorded; When the real-time pressure value at the stress point exceeds the second pressure threshold, a second-level warning is triggered and emergency pressure reduction control is executed.

[0009] Preferably, the step S02 of obtaining the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point includes the following steps: S21. Based on the initial risk level and corresponding sampling frequency requirements of each stress point, the real-time pressure data of each stress point is continuously collected and filtered to generate a real-time pressure value sequence for each stress point. S22. Based on the real-time pressure value sequence of each stress point, perform pressure change trend analysis on each stress point, identify pressure rising trend, pressure stable trend and pressure falling trend, and generate trend labels for each stress point. S23. Compare the real-time pressure value sequence of each stress point with the corresponding pressure warning threshold, record the start time and duration of the pressure value exceeding the warning threshold, and generate the over-threshold time sequence record. S24. Associate and organize the trend labels and over-threshold time series records of each stress point with the location information of the corresponding stress point to form the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point.

[0010] Preferably, obtaining the coordinated airbag control parameters in step S03 includes the following steps: S31. Based on the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point, perform regional division processing on the overall pressure distribution of the back, identify high pressure concentration areas, low pressure areas and pressure equilibrium areas, and generate a regional pressure distribution map. S32. Based on the regional pressure distribution map, perform a coordinated deployment demand analysis on each airbag to determine the set of airbags that need to be pressurized, the set of airbags that need to be depressurized, and the set of airbags that need to maintain the current pressure. S33. Perform inflation control on airbag sets that require pressurization and deflation control on airbag sets that require depressurization, and monitor the pressure changes at each stress point in real time during the allocation process to form a dynamic allocation control sequence. S34. Compare and verify the target pressure value of each airbag in the dynamic allocation control sequence with the current pressure value, and complete the registration of the airbag control parameters after coordinated allocation.

[0011] Preferably, obtaining the risk assessment result and warning level in step S04 includes the following steps: S41. Based on the over-threshold time sequence records in the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point, calculate the cumulative pressure load value for each stress point. The cumulative pressure load value is the weighted cumulative result of the pressure value and the duration. S42. Based on the cumulative pressure load value, initial risk level and regional pressure distribution map of each stress point, perform a comprehensive risk assessment on each stress point to generate a risk score value for each stress point. S43. Compare the risk score of each stress point with the preset risk classification threshold, and determine each stress point as low risk, medium risk, high risk or extremely high risk level. S44. Summarize the risk levels of all stress points, combine them with the regional pressure distribution characteristics to conduct an overall risk assessment, and form a risk judgment result and early warning level.

[0012] Preferably, step S05, which involves generating the early warning notification information and the optimized airbag control parameters, includes the following steps: S51. Based on the risk level of each stress point in the risk assessment results, perform early warning level matching processing to determine the overall early warning level; S52. When the overall warning level is low risk, record the risk information and maintain the current control strategy; When the overall warning level is medium risk, a warning notification is generated and the airbag control parameters are fine-tuned. When the overall warning level is high risk or extremely high risk, an emergency warning notification is generated and the airbag control parameters are significantly adjusted. S53. Associate and encapsulate the warning notification information with the corresponding airbag control parameter adjustment instructions to generate the warning notification information and the optimized airbag control parameters.

[0013] Preferably, the airbag control parameters include the target pressure value, inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration for each airbag. The aforementioned fine-tuning of airbag control parameters refers to making small adjustments to the target pressure value of each airbag within a preset fine-tuning range, and correspondingly adjusting the inflation rate and deflation rate. The aforementioned significant adjustment of airbag control parameters refers to adjusting the target pressure value of each airbag within a preset significant adjustment range, and correspondingly adjusting the inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration.

[0014] Preferably, obtaining the pressure injury assessment and early warning result in step S06 includes the following steps: S61. Push the warning notification information to the medical terminal according to the push priority corresponding to the overall warning level. The push method includes at least one of terminal pop-up prompts, voice broadcasts and SMS notifications. S62. Based on the optimized airbag control parameters, perform a new round of coordinated pressure distribution control on multiple airbags on the operating table, and continue to monitor the pressure status of each force point. S63. When the risk level of all stress points is detected to have dropped to low risk and remains stable for a preset duration, the risk is determined to be eliminated. S64. When the end of surgery signal is received, the airbag coordinated control is terminated and a complete pressure monitoring and control history is generated to form a pressure injury judgment and early warning result.

[0015] An early warning operating table is applied to the pressure injury judgment and early warning method described in the above scheme.

[0016] The pressure injury assessment and early warning method and early warning operating table provided by the present invention, as described above, have the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared to traditional risk assessment scales that rely on the subjective judgment of nursing staff, this invention can set differentiated pressure warning thresholds for different stress points based on individual patient differences and specific surgical conditions, solving the problem of false alarms or missed alarms caused by a one-size-fits-all threshold setting in existing technologies. Simultaneously, through continuous pressure status monitoring and trend analysis of each stress point, early signals of abnormal pressure changes can be detected in a timely manner, achieving a technological leap from static assessment to dynamic monitoring.

[0017] 2. This invention divides regions and analyzes the needs for coordinated allocation based on the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point. It depressurizes areas with concentrated high pressure and increases pressure in areas with insufficient pressure, enabling all airbags to work collaboratively to achieve a balanced overall pressure distribution. This not only effectively prevents pressure injuries but also avoids the surgical risks of patient displacement caused by blindly depressurizing, achieving a balance between pressure injury prevention and stable surgical positioning.

[0018] 3. This invention enables differentiated early warning output and control strategy adjustments: for low-risk situations, information is recorded and current control is maintained; for medium-risk situations, a suggestive early warning is generated and parameters are fine-tuned; for high-risk situations, an emergency early warning is issued and significant adjustments are performed. This avoids excessive intervention interfering with surgical procedures while allowing timely intervention when risks escalate, achieving the goal of effective intervention before tissue damage occurs. Simultaneously, the setting of risk resolution conditions ensures that the exit of early warning and control strategies has clear criteria, avoiding the blind continuation of control strategies. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for judging and warning of pressure injury provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of S01 provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of S02 provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5This is a flowchart of S03 provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of S04 provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of S05 provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 The flowchart for S06 provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment aims to provide an early warning operating table. The early warning operating table is equipped with eight airbag blocks, and each airbag block consists of two independently inflatable airbag pads. A pressure sensor is provided on the contact surface between each airbag pad and the patient. The eight airbag blocks correspond to the patient's shoulder blade, back, waist, buttocks, thigh abdomen, calf abdomen, heel, and arm, respectively.

[0023] Example 2 Based on the above embodiment one, this example aims to provide a method for judging and warning of pressure injury, which includes the following steps (such as...). Figure 2 (as shown) S01. Acquire real-time pressure data at various pressure points on the back of the patient on the operating table. Combine this data with the patient's medical record and clinical medical orders to perform an initial risk assessment and pressure threshold initialization, obtaining the initial risk level and corresponding pressure warning threshold for each pressure point. This includes the following detailed steps (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (as shown) S11. The timing of signal acquisition by each pressure sensor arranged on the operating table is calibrated, the initial pressure value of each force point is extracted, and the initial pressure distribution mapping information is generated. S12. Based on the initial pressure distribution mapping information, combined with the patient's basic information such as body mass index, age and skin condition, perform initial risk feature extraction on each stress point to generate a risk feature vector for each stress point. S13. Combine the risk feature vector of each stress point with the position-related keyword information in the patient's medical record information and then perform corresponding analysis to generate an initial risk level that matches each stress point. S14. Based on the initial risk level, set the corresponding pressure warning threshold and cumulative pressure duration threshold for each stress point, and complete the initial registration of the pressure warning threshold.

[0024] Specifically, the signal acquisition timing of the pressure sensors arranged at each stress point on the operating table is calibrated to ensure that data from multiple sensors are uploaded synchronously under a unified time reference, avoiding distortion of pressure distribution mapping due to sampling delay. Calibration includes initial offset compensation for each sensor channel and alignment of sampling trigger time. Subsequently, the initial pressure value of each stress point is extracted from the calibrated valid signal, and the initial pressure distribution mapping information is constructed based on the physical position coordinates of the sensors on the bed surface, that is, the static pressure distribution of each region of the back is recorded in matrix or grid form.

[0025] The system reads the patient's basic information, including at least body mass index, age, and skin condition (such as skin moisture content and elasticity score). It then inputs the initial pressure distribution mapping information along with the aforementioned patient information into a pre-defined risk feature extraction model. This model calculates an initial risk feature vector for each pressure point based on the soft tissue thickness and bony prominence features of the anatomical location (such as the sacrococcygeal region and scapula), combined with the patient's physical parameters. This vector quantifies the tendency of that point to experience pressure injury under the current static pressure.

[0026] Furthermore, the system correlates the risk feature vectors of each stress point with the patient's medical record information. Specifically, it retrieves position-related keywords (such as supine, lateral, and prone positions, as well as surgical position change records) from the medical record information, extracts historical position tolerance information and past pressure records directly related to the current surgical position, integrates position-related features into the risk feature vector, and then matches it with a preset position-risk mapping rule base. After comprehensive analysis, it determines the initial risk level of each stress point, such as low, medium, high, and very high.

[0027] Based on the initial risk level of each stress point, the system retrieves the corresponding pressure warning threshold and cumulative pressure duration threshold from the preset risk-threshold mapping table, and registers and stores them using the anatomical location identifier of the stress point as an index, thus completing the initial setting of the pressure warning threshold for each stress point on the entire bed and providing a benchmark reference for subsequent real-time monitoring and graded warning.

[0028] S02. Based on the initial risk level and corresponding pressure warning threshold of each stress point, perform real-time monitoring and trend analysis of the pressure status of each stress point on the back and simultaneously record the time series data of pressure changes to obtain the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point. This includes the following steps (e.g.) Figure 4 (as shown) S21. Based on the initial risk level and corresponding sampling frequency requirements of each stress point, the real-time pressure data of each stress point is continuously collected and filtered to generate a real-time pressure value sequence for each stress point. S22. Based on the real-time pressure value sequence of each stress point, perform pressure change trend analysis on each stress point, identify pressure rising trend, pressure stable trend and pressure falling trend, and generate trend labels for each stress point. S23. Compare the real-time pressure value sequence of each stress point with the corresponding pressure warning threshold, record the start time and duration of the pressure value exceeding the warning threshold, and generate the over-threshold time sequence record. S24. Associate and organize the trend labels and over-threshold time series records of each stress point with the location information of the corresponding stress point to form the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point.

[0029] Specifically, firstly, based on the different initial risk levels of each stress point, the system dynamically allocates differentiated sampling frequencies. High-risk stress points use higher sampling frequencies (e.g., 10Hz), while low-risk points use lower frequencies (e.g., 1Hz) to save computational resources while ensuring monitoring accuracy. The raw pressure signals collected by the sensors contain high-frequency noise and random interference. The system uses sliding window mean filtering or Kalman filtering algorithms for smoothing to eliminate spike noise and generate a stable and continuous real-time pressure value sequence.

[0030] Based on this, trend analysis is performed on the pressure value sequence of each stress point: by calculating the linear regression slope within a preset time window (e.g., the most recent 10 sampling points), or by comparing the deviation direction of the current value with the historical average, the pressure change trend is determined as rising (slope greater than a positive threshold), stable (slope between positive and negative thresholds), or falling (slope less than a negative threshold), and a corresponding trend label is assigned to each stress point. The real-time pressure value of each stress point is compared in real time with the preset pressure warning thresholds (including the first pressure threshold and the second pressure threshold). Once the pressure value exceeds the first threshold, the current moment is recorded as the threshold start moment, and monitoring continues until the pressure falls back below the threshold. The duration of the threshold exceedance is calculated and recorded, generating a time-series record containing the threshold start and end times and duration.

[0031] Finally, the trend labels and overthreshold time records of each stress point are linked and integrated with the corresponding anatomical location information (such as the sacrum, coccyx, left and right scapulae, heel, etc.) to form a structured pressure state monitoring result. This result not only includes the instantaneous pressure value of each point, but also its dynamic change trend and cumulative overthreshold history, providing a complete data foundation for subsequent airbag coordination and risk assessment.

[0032] S03. Based on the pressure monitoring results at each stress point, perform coordinated pressure distribution control on multiple airbags on the operating table, adjusting the inflation volume of each airbag to optimize the overall pressure distribution on the back, and obtaining the coordinated airbag control parameters. This includes the following steps (e.g.) Figure 5 (as shown) S31. Based on the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point, perform regional division processing on the overall pressure distribution of the back, identify high pressure concentration areas, low pressure areas and pressure equilibrium areas, and generate a regional pressure distribution map. S32. Based on the regional pressure distribution map, perform a coordinated deployment demand analysis on each airbag to determine the set of airbags that need to be pressurized, the set of airbags that need to be depressurized, and the set of airbags that need to maintain the current pressure. S33. Perform inflation control on airbag sets that require pressurization and deflation control on airbag sets that require depressurization, and monitor the pressure changes at each stress point in real time during the allocation process to form a dynamic allocation control sequence. S34. Compare and verify the target pressure value of each airbag in the dynamic allocation control sequence with the current pressure value, and complete the registration of the airbag control parameters after coordinated allocation.

[0033] Specifically, firstly, based on the pressure status monitoring results at each stress point, the system performs regional segmentation of the overall pressure distribution on the back. The core of this step lies in mapping discrete stress point pressure data into a continuous regional pressure distribution map. Through spatial interpolation and region growing algorithms, high-pressure concentrated areas, low-pressure areas, and pressure-balanced areas are identified on the back's pressure-bearing surface. High-pressure concentrated areas typically correspond to critical sites prone to pressure injuries, such as bony prominences, characterized by persistently high and concentrated pressure values. Low-pressure areas are characterized by weak support and ineffective weight support. Pressure-balanced areas are those where pressure values ​​are within a reasonable range. The generation of the regional pressure distribution map provides clear spatial guidance for subsequent airbag deployment.

[0034] Based on this, a coordinated deployment demand analysis is performed on each airbag according to the regional pressure distribution map. Each airbag corresponds to one or more pressure point coverage areas. The system determines the deployment demand category of each airbag based on the pressure distribution type of the area, combined with the current pressure value and adjustable range of the airbag: the set of airbags that need to be pressurized, the set of airbags that need to be depressurized, and the set of airbags that need to maintain the current pressure.

[0035] After classifying the needs, the system performs inflation control on the airbag sets requiring pressurization and deflation control on the airbag sets requiring depressurization. Inflation and deflation are not performed all at once, but rather in steps according to preset increments and intervals to ensure smooth pressure changes and patient position stability. During the allocation process, the system continuously monitors pressure changes at each stress point in real time, dynamically compares the pressure feedback values ​​with the expected changes, and adaptively adjusts the inflation and deflation rates based on the comparison results, forming a dynamic allocation control sequence.

[0036] Finally, the system compares and verifies the target pressure values ​​of each airbag in the dynamically allocated control sequence with the current pressure values, confirming that the actual pressure values ​​of all airbags converge within the allowable deviation range of the target pressure values. After verification, the system completes the registration of the coordinated airbag control parameters, writing parameters such as the target pressure value, inflation / deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration of each airbag into the control register for subsequent continuous control.

[0037] S04. Based on the coordinated airbag control parameters and pressure status monitoring results at each stress point, a comprehensive assessment and classification of pressure injury risk is performed to obtain the risk assessment result and warning level. This includes the following steps (e.g.) Figure 6 (as shown) S41. Based on the over-threshold time sequence records in the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point, calculate the cumulative pressure load value for each stress point. The cumulative pressure load value is the weighted cumulative result of the pressure value and the duration. S42. Based on the cumulative pressure load value, initial risk level and regional pressure distribution map of each stress point, perform a comprehensive risk assessment on each stress point to generate a risk score value for each stress point. S43. Compare the risk score of each stress point with the preset risk classification threshold, and determine each stress point as low risk, medium risk, high risk or extremely high risk level. S44. Summarize the risk levels of all stress points, combine them with the regional pressure distribution characteristics to conduct an overall risk assessment, and form a risk judgment result and early warning level.

[0038] Specifically, the system integrates or weights the pressure values ​​during the over-threshold period according to a preset sampling interval (e.g., every 1 second or every 5 seconds). The weighting method can be set such that the higher the pressure value and the longer the duration, the larger the weighting coefficient, to reflect the accelerating effect of prolonged high pressure on tissue damage. By calculating the area under the pressure-time curve using the trapezoidal integral method and then multiplying it by a tissue tolerance coefficient (which is related to the initial risk level), the cumulative pressure load value of each stress point is finally obtained, which can comprehensively characterize the degree of cumulative pressure damage already borne by that stress point.

[0039] Furthermore, the system uses the cumulative pressure load value, initial risk level (generated from patient basic information and surgical information), and location characteristics of the point on the regional pressure distribution map (e.g., in a high-pressure concentration area, a low-pressure area, or a balanced area) as input variables for each stress point. After normalization, each variable is multiplied by a preset weighting coefficient (e.g., cumulative load weight 0.5, initial risk weight 0.3, regional distribution weight 0.2), and the sum is used to obtain a preliminary score. Further, if the stress point is located at a bony prominence (e.g., sacrum, coccyx, heel, etc.), an additional risk correction coefficient is applied. The final score is mapped to a continuous interval of 0–100 points, serving as a comprehensive risk score.

[0040] Furthermore, the risk grading thresholds are pre-determined through statistical analysis of clinical big data and stored in the system. The system then compares the risk score of each stress point with the aforementioned thresholds and automatically outputs the risk level of that point. Simultaneously, it records the number and specific location of each level, providing a data foundation for subsequent overall assessment.

[0041] Finally, during the risk assessment, the number and distribution area of ​​high-risk and extremely high-risk stress points are first counted. If these points are concentrated in the same anatomical region (such as the sacrococcygeal region), it is determined that there is a potential risk of systemic pressure injury in that area, and the overall warning level is raised accordingly. Simultaneously, if the proportion of medium-risk points to the total number of stress points exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., set to 40%), an overall level upgrade will also be triggered. Ultimately, the system outputs the final risk assessment result (including risk type, scope of impact) and warning level (low, medium, high, extremely high) based on preset overall risk judgment rules (such as lookup table method or decision tree model).

[0042] S05. Based on the risk assessment results and warning level, execute the tiered warning output and airbag control strategy update, generating warning notification information and optimized airbag control parameters. Details include the following steps (e.g.) Figure 7 (as shown) S51. Based on the risk level of each stress point in the risk assessment results, perform early warning level matching processing to determine the overall early warning level; S52. When the overall warning level is low risk, record the risk information and maintain the current control strategy; When the overall warning level is medium risk, a warning notification is generated and the airbag control parameters are fine-tuned. When the overall warning level is high risk or extremely high risk, an emergency warning notification is generated and the airbag control parameters are significantly adjusted. S53. Associate and encapsulate the warning notification information with the corresponding airbag control parameter adjustment instructions to generate the warning notification information and the optimized airbag control parameters.

[0043] Furthermore, the airbag control parameters in the above embodiments include the target pressure value, inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration for each airbag. Performing fine-tuning of airbag control parameters refers to making small adjustments to the target pressure value of each airbag within the preset fine-tuning range, and adjusting the inflation rate and deflation rate accordingly. Performing a large-scale adjustment of airbag control parameters refers to adjusting the target pressure value of each airbag within a preset large-scale adjustment range, and correspondingly adjusting the inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration.

[0044] Specifically, the system first uses the time-series records of each stress point exceeding the threshold obtained in the preceding steps. It multiplies the pressure value at each sampling moment by the corresponding sampling interval and then sums the results. Different weighting coefficients can be set for the pressure values ​​according to different risk levels to more accurately reflect the cumulative effect of pressure damage. Based on this, the system uses the cumulative pressure load value, initial risk level, and regional pressure distribution map of each stress point as input to perform a comprehensive risk scoring process. Subsequently, the system compares the risk score value of each stress point with a pre-set risk classification threshold, classifying it as low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk, or extremely high-risk in ascending order. Finally, the system summarizes the risk level determination results for all stress points and combines them with characteristics such as the high-pressure area distribution density and high-pressure area proportion in the regional pressure distribution map to conduct an overall risk assessment. After determining the warning level, the system first performs warning level matching processing based on the risk level of each stress point in the risk assessment results, determining the overall warning level according to the principle of choosing the highest level. Once the overall warning level is determined, the system implements differentiated response strategies based on the different warning levels: When the overall warning level is low risk, the system only records the current risk information and maintains the current airbag control strategy unchanged to avoid unnecessary intervention; When the overall warning level is medium risk, the system generates a prompt warning notification to remind medical staff to pay attention, and at the same time performs fine-tuning of the airbag control parameters; When the overall warning level is high risk or extremely high risk, the system generates an emergency warning notification to attract the attention of medical staff and performs a significant adjustment to the airbag control parameters.

[0045] The aforementioned airbag control parameters specifically include the target pressure value, inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration for each airbag. Fine-tuning of the airbag control parameters refers to making small adjustments to the target pressure value of each airbag within a preset fine-tuning range (e.g., ±5% to ±10% of the target pressure value), and correspondingly adjusting the inflation and deflation rates to match the new target pressure value. Large-scale adjustment of the airbag control parameters refers to adjusting the target pressure value of each airbag within a preset large-scale adjustment range (e.g., ±20% to ±30% of the target pressure value), and correspondingly adjusting the inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration to ensure that the airbags can respond quickly and stabilize in the new working state. Finally, the system associates and encapsulates the warning notification information with the corresponding airbag control parameter adjustment instructions, generating a complete warning notification information and optimized airbag control parameters that includes the warning text, warning level, suggested operation, and updated control parameters. This information is then pushed to the medical terminal for subsequent execution of corresponding airbag collaborative control operations.

[0046] S06. Push the early warning notification information to the medical terminal, and continuously execute airbag coordinated control according to the optimized airbag control parameters to obtain the pressure injury judgment and early warning result. This includes the following steps (e.g.) Figure 8 (as shown) S61. Push the early warning notification information to the medical terminal according to the push priority corresponding to the overall early warning level. The push method includes at least one of the following: terminal pop-up prompt, voice broadcast and SMS notification. S62. Based on the optimized airbag control parameters, perform a new round of coordinated pressure distribution control on multiple airbags on the operating table, and continue to monitor the pressure status of each force point. S63. When the risk level of all stress points is detected to have dropped to low risk and remains stable for a preset duration, the risk is determined to be eliminated. S64. When the end of surgery signal is received, the airbag coordinated control is terminated and a complete pressure monitoring and control history is generated to form a pressure injury judgment and early warning result.

[0047] Specifically, after determining the overall warning level, the system first matches the corresponding push priority and push channel combination from the preset push strategy library. That is, when a low-risk warning corresponds to a normal push priority, it is only presented as a pop-up notification through the system message center on the medical staff's terminal; when a medium-risk warning corresponds to a higher push priority, a pop-up notification is triggered along with a voice broadcast at the nurse station to remind nursing staff to pay attention; when a high-risk or higher level warning corresponds to the highest push priority, in addition to the terminal pop-up and voice broadcast, an SMS notification is forcibly triggered to be sent to the responsible nurse's mobile terminal to ensure that the warning information can reach relevant personnel in the shortest possible time.

[0048] The system sends the optimized airbag control parameters to the drive control units of each airbag on the operating table. Each control unit then performs a new round of coordinated adjustments based on parameters such as target pressure value, inflation rate, and deflation rate. Simultaneously, pressure sensors at each stress point continue to collect data in real time at their original sampling frequency. This data is fed back to the system's status monitoring module, ensuring that the improvement in pressure distribution after any coordinated adjustment can be captured and evaluated promptly.

[0049] When the risk level of all stress points has fallen back to the low-risk range, and this state is maintained for a preset stable duration (e.g., 5 to 10 minutes continuously), the system determines that the risk of pressure injury has been substantially eliminated. The setting of this stable duration threshold takes into account the distinction between short-term pressure fluctuations and the elimination of actual risk, avoiding frequent risk elimination and reassessment due to instantaneous pressure disturbances.

[0050] Secondly, upon receiving the surgery completion signal from the operating room equipment management system or anesthesia system, the system immediately terminates the coordinated control operation of the balloons, and each balloon slowly deflates and resets according to a preset program. Simultaneously, the system summarizes and structures information recorded during the surgery, including initial risk assessment data, time-series pressure monitoring data at each stress point, balloon coordination logs, warning trigger records, and risk resolution records. This forms a complete pressure monitoring and control historical record file, which is written to the local database and simultaneously backed up to the hospital information management system. This serves as an important component of the surgical nursing record, providing data support for subsequent nursing quality analysis and clinical research.

[0051] Example 3 Based on Example 2, the pressure warning threshold in this example includes a first pressure threshold and a second pressure threshold. Initially, the first pressure threshold is lower than the second pressure threshold. During operation: When the real-time pressure value at the stress point exceeds the first pressure threshold but does not exceed the second pressure threshold, the first-level warning is triggered and the start time of exceeding the threshold is recorded; When the real-time pressure value at the stress point exceeds the second pressure threshold, a second-level warning is triggered and emergency pressure reduction control is executed.

[0052] Specifically, the system independently configures a first pressure threshold (i.e., the attention threshold) and a second pressure threshold (i.e., the action threshold) for each stress point. Initially, the first threshold is lower than the second threshold, and the specific values ​​are individually set based on the initial risk level and tissue tolerance characteristics of the stress point. During real-time monitoring, the system continuously compares the real-time pressure value of each stress point with these two thresholds and executes differentiated response strategies based on the comparison results.

[0053] When the real-time pressure value at a stress point exceeds the first pressure threshold but has not yet reached the second pressure threshold, the system determines that the stress point has entered a risk concern state and triggers a first-level warning. At this time, the system records the start time of the stress point exceeding the threshold and starts a cumulative over-threshold duration counter to continuously track the total time that the stress point remains within the pressure range between the first and second thresholds. Simultaneously, the system updates the trend label of the stress point to either an upward pressure trend or a persistently high pressure trend, and writes the over-threshold time sequence record into the pressure status monitoring results for subsequent cumulative pressure load calculation and comprehensive risk assessment.

[0054] When the real-time pressure value at a certain stress point rises further and exceeds the second pressure threshold, the system determines that the stress point has entered a high-risk state and immediately triggers a second-level warning. At this time, the system does not wait for the stress point to meet any cumulative duration conditions; instead, it directly issues an emergency decompression control command to the airbag drive control unit in the area corresponding to the stress point within the current control cycle. The specific execution method of the emergency decompression control is as follows: a rapid deflation operation is performed on the relevant airbags in the area covered by the stress point, with the deflation rate executed according to the preset emergency deflation rate, until the real-time pressure value at the stress point falls back below the first pressure threshold. Throughout the entire emergency decompression process, the system maintains high-frequency sampling of the real-time pressure value at the stress point, forming a closed-loop feedback control to ensure that the pressure value can quickly leave the danger zone. At the same time, the event exceeding the second threshold and its response action are recorded as a high-risk event log to enhance the completeness of risk tracking.

[0055] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for judging and warning of pressure injury, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01. Obtain real-time pressure data of each force point on the back of the operating table, combine patient medical record information and clinical medical order data to conduct initial risk assessment and pressure threshold initialization, and obtain the initial risk level of each force point and the corresponding pressure warning threshold. S02. Based on the initial risk level of each stress point and the corresponding pressure warning threshold, perform real-time monitoring and trend analysis of the pressure status of each stress point on the back and record the time series data of pressure changes simultaneously to obtain the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point. S03. Based on the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point, perform coordinated pressure distribution control on multiple airbags on the operating table, adjust the inflation volume of each airbag to optimize the overall pressure distribution on the back, and obtain the coordinated airbag control parameters. S04. Based on the coordinated airbag control parameters and the pressure status monitoring results of each stress point, a comprehensive assessment and classification of the risk of pressure injury is conducted to obtain the risk assessment result and warning level. S05. Based on the risk assessment results and warning levels, execute graded warning output and airbag control strategy updates, and generate warning notification information and optimized airbag control parameters. S06. Push the early warning notification information to the medical terminal, and continuously execute airbag collaborative control according to the optimized airbag control parameters to obtain the early warning result of pressure injury judgment.

2. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S01, which involves obtaining the initial risk level and the corresponding pressure warning threshold for each stress point, includes the following steps: S11. The timing of signal acquisition by each pressure sensor arranged on the operating table is calibrated, the initial pressure value of each force point is extracted, and the initial pressure distribution mapping information is generated. S12. Based on the initial pressure distribution mapping information, and combined with the patient's basic information such as body mass index, age and skin condition, perform initial risk feature extraction on each stress point to generate a risk feature vector for each stress point. S13. Combine the risk feature vector of each stress point with the position-related keyword information in the patient's medical record information and then perform corresponding analysis to generate an initial risk level that matches each stress point. S14. Based on the initial risk level, set the corresponding pressure warning threshold and cumulative pressure duration threshold for each stress point, and complete the initial registration of the pressure warning threshold.

3. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure warning threshold includes a first pressure threshold and a second pressure threshold. Initially, the first pressure threshold is lower than the second pressure threshold. During operation: When the real-time pressure value at the stress point exceeds the first pressure threshold but does not exceed the second pressure threshold, the first-level warning is triggered and the start time of exceeding the threshold is recorded; When the real-time pressure value at the stress point exceeds the second pressure threshold, a second-level warning is triggered and emergency pressure reduction control is executed.

4. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S02, which involves obtaining the pressure state monitoring results at each stress point, includes the following steps: S21. Based on the initial risk level and corresponding sampling frequency requirements of each stress point, the real-time pressure data of each stress point is continuously collected and filtered to generate a real-time pressure value sequence for each stress point. S22. Based on the real-time pressure value sequence of each stress point, perform pressure change trend analysis on each stress point, identify pressure rising trend, pressure stable trend and pressure falling trend, and generate trend labels for each stress point. S23. Compare the real-time pressure value sequence of each stress point with the corresponding pressure warning threshold, record the start time and duration of the pressure value exceeding the warning threshold, and generate the over-threshold time sequence record. S24. Associate and organize the trend labels and over-threshold time series records of each stress point with the location information of the corresponding stress point to form the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point.

5. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S03 of obtaining the coordinated airbag control parameters includes the following steps: S31. Based on the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point, perform regional division processing on the overall pressure distribution of the back, identify high pressure concentration areas, low pressure areas and pressure equilibrium areas, and generate a regional pressure distribution map. S32. Based on the regional pressure distribution map, perform a coordinated deployment demand analysis on each airbag to determine the set of airbags that need to be pressurized, the set of airbags that need to be depressurized, and the set of airbags that need to maintain the current pressure. S33. Perform inflation control on airbag sets that require pressurization and deflation control on airbag sets that require depressurization, and monitor the pressure changes at each stress point in real time during the allocation process to form a dynamic allocation control sequence. S34. Compare and verify the target pressure value of each airbag in the dynamic allocation control sequence with the current pressure value, and complete the registration of the airbag control parameters after coordinated allocation.

6. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S04, which involves obtaining the risk assessment result and warning level, includes the following steps: S41. Based on the over-threshold time sequence records in the pressure state monitoring results of each stress point, calculate the cumulative pressure load value for each stress point. The cumulative pressure load value is the weighted cumulative result of the pressure value and the duration. S42. Based on the cumulative pressure load value, initial risk level and regional pressure distribution map of each stress point, perform a comprehensive risk assessment on each stress point to generate a risk score value for each stress point. S43. Compare the risk score of each stress point with the preset risk classification threshold, and determine each stress point as low risk, medium risk, high risk or extremely high risk level. S44. Summarize the risk levels of all stress points, combine them with the regional pressure distribution characteristics to conduct an overall risk assessment, and form a risk judgment result and early warning level.

7. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S05, which generates the early warning notification information and the optimized airbag control parameters, includes the following steps: S51. Based on the risk level of each stress point in the risk assessment results, perform early warning level matching processing to determine the overall early warning level; S52. When the overall warning level is low risk, record the risk information and maintain the current control strategy; When the overall warning level is medium risk, a warning notification is generated and the airbag control parameters are fine-tuned. When the overall warning level is high risk or extremely high risk, an emergency warning notification is generated and the airbag control parameters are significantly adjusted. S53. Associate and encapsulate the warning notification information with the corresponding airbag control parameter adjustment instructions to generate the warning notification information and the optimized airbag control parameters.

8. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 7, characterized in that, The airbag control parameters include the target pressure value, inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration for each airbag. The aforementioned fine-tuning of airbag control parameters refers to making small adjustments to the target pressure value of each airbag within a preset fine-tuning range, and correspondingly adjusting the inflation rate and deflation rate. The aforementioned significant adjustment of airbag control parameters refers to adjusting the target pressure value of each airbag within a preset significant adjustment range, and correspondingly adjusting the inflation rate, deflation rate, and pressure maintenance duration.

9. The method for judging and warning of pressure injury according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S06, which obtains the pressure injury assessment and early warning result, includes the following steps: S61. Push the warning notification information to the medical terminal according to the push priority corresponding to the overall warning level. The push method includes at least one of terminal pop-up prompts, voice broadcasts and SMS notifications. S62. Based on the optimized airbag control parameters, perform a new round of coordinated pressure distribution control on multiple airbags on the operating table, and continue to monitor the pressure status of each force point. S63. When the risk level of all stress points is detected to have dropped to low risk and remains stable for a preset duration, the risk is determined to be eliminated. S64. When the end of surgery signal is received, the airbag coordinated control is terminated and a complete pressure monitoring and control history is generated to form a pressure injury judgment and early warning result.

10. A pre-warning operating table, characterized in that, Applied to the pressure injury assessment and early warning method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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