Laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of biological medicine, and specifically provides a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, a preparation method and application.The laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing comprises a cation-modified laser-induced graphene layer, temperature-responsive microcapsules loaded with a medicament, the temperature-responsive microcapsules being encapsulated on the laser-induced graphene layer, and a hydrogel base for bearing the laser-induced graphene layer.The dressing provided by the application targets and captures fungi through cation electrostatic attraction, combines mild photothermal therapy and drug controlled release activated by light, induces fungal death, and improves the treatment effect.In addition, the dressing has good biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility and adhesion, can adapt to dynamic foot skin movement, has high safety, and is convenient to use.The dressing can also reshape the immune microenvironment at the lesion site, reduce inflammation, accelerate skin barrier repair, and relieve pain-related depressive behavior.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biomedical technology, specifically relating to a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Dermatofungal infections are a prevalent global fungal infection, with tinea pedis (athlete's foot) being the most common type. The primary causative agent of tinea pedis is Trichophyton rubrum, which can invade the keratinized tissue of immunocompetent individuals. Current treatments mainly include topical antifungal medications, oral antifungal medications, or a combination of both. However, long-term use can lead to side effects such as drug resistance, gastrointestinal discomfort, hepatotoxicity, and congestive heart failure, affecting patient adherence and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, traditional treatment methods lack real-time monitoring of the treatment process, making personalized and precise disease management difficult.

[0003] In recent years, the development of wearable and digital monitoring technologies has brought new opportunities to health management. Laser-induced graphene (LIG), with its tunable physicochemical properties and unique three-dimensional porous structure, has become an ideal platform for integrated, multifunctional, and stretchable bioelectronics. However, combining LIG with flexible, biocompatible materials and endowing it with both therapeutic and sensing functions remains a challenge. Hydrogels, with their softness, tissue compatibility, and controllable drug release capabilities, are considered ideal flexible bioelectronic interface materials. Therefore, developing an intelligent system integrating photothermal therapy, immunomodulation, and real-time sensing functions is of great significance for the management of dermatophyte diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of long treatment cycles, easy recurrence, and lack of real-time monitoring methods for dermatophyte diseases in the existing technology.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, comprising:

[0006] Cationic-modified laser-induced graphene layer;

[0007] Temperature-responsive microcapsules loaded with a drug; the temperature-responsive microcapsules are encapsulated on the laser-induced graphene layer;

[0008] Hydrogel substrate for supporting the laser-induced graphene layer.

[0009] Specifically, the aforementioned laser-induced graphene layer is obtained by quaternizing laser-induced graphene.

[0010] Specifically, the aforementioned medications include antifungal agents.

[0011] Specifically, the aforementioned antifungal agents include itraconazole.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for preparing a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Laser-induced graphene was obtained by irradiating a polyimide film with a laser.

[0014] Laser-induced graphene was quaternized to obtain cationic-modified laser-induced graphene.

[0015] After mixing the drug with a temperature-responsive microcapsule packaging material, a temperature-responsive microcapsule loaded with the drug is formed on the surface of a cationicly modified laser-induced graphene, thus obtaining a drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer.

[0016] The hydrogel precursor solution was cast onto a drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer and solidified to form a hydrogel substrate.

[0017] The polyimide film was peeled off to obtain a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing.

[0018] Specifically, the above-mentioned quaternization treatment is as follows: a dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing 4-aminopyridine and isoamyl nitrite is added dropwise to laser-induced graphene for reaction, followed by washing and drying, and then a mixed solution containing 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane and dimethylformamide is added dropwise to carry out the quaternization reaction, thereby obtaining cationic modified laser-induced graphene.

[0019] Specifically, the aforementioned temperature-responsive microcapsule packaging materials include lauric acid and stearic acid.

[0020] The present invention also provides the application of the above-described laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing or the above-described preparation method in the preparation of products for the treatment and / or monitoring of fungal skin diseases.

[0021] Specifically, the aforementioned dermatophyte diseases are dermatophytes caused by Trichophyton rubrum.

[0022] The present invention also provides a device for treating and / or monitoring dermatophyte diseases, comprising the above-described laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing and a voltage sensor for monitoring changes in the voltage signal within the laser-induced graphene layer of the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention provides a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing that targets and captures fungi through cationic electrostatic attraction. Combined with photoactivated mild photothermal therapy and controlled drug release, it induces fungal death and improves treatment efficacy. Specifically targeting *Trichophyton rubrum*, it achieves nearly 100% eradication and complete destruction of the biofilm, with no recurrence observed in animal models. Furthermore, the dressing exhibits good biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and adhesion, adapting to dynamic foot skin movements. It is highly safe, easy to use, and suitable for home care and self-monitoring. The dressing also modulates macrophage polarization (promoting the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype), promotes dendritic cell maturation, and optimizes the proportion of T cell subsets, thereby reshaping the immune microenvironment at the lesion site, reducing inflammation, accelerating skin barrier repair, and alleviating pain-related depressive behaviors.

[0025] The laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing preparation method provided by this invention is simple in process, with one-step laser preparation of graphene without complex redox processes. First, graphene is generated and modified in situ on a polyimide film, and temperature-controlled drug-loaded microcapsules are loaded. Then, the hydrogel is cast and cured, resulting in tight interlayer bonding that prevents delamination. The entire reaction process is conducted under mild conditions, protecting the activity of the drug.

[0026] The device provided by this invention for treating and / or monitoring dermatophyte diseases utilizes the high conductivity of laser-induced graphene to convert fungal load into voltage signals. By monitoring the electrical signals, real-time and remote monitoring of the treatment process can be achieved, realizing integrated diagnosis and treatment.

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a characterization diagram of the dressing performance in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; wherein, A is a Zeta potential diagram; B is a tensile stress-strain curve; C is a cyclic compression test diagram; D is a photograph of the dressing applied to human skin; and E is a swelling rate curve.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the fungal capture effect of the dressing in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is an image showing the effect of the dressing in killing Trichophyton rubrum in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; wherein, A is a staining image of Trichophyton rubrum activity; and B is a scanning electron microscope image.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a heatmap of gene expression in the dressing that kills Trichophyton rubrum in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is an image showing the effect of the dressing in Embodiment 3 of the present invention in removing the biofilm of Trichophyton rubrum.

[0033] Figure 6 This is an image showing the effect of the dressing destroying the hyphae of Trichophyton rubrum in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 This is an illustration of the application of the dressing in treating athlete's foot in embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the application of the dressing to the sole of the foot in Embodiment 4 of the present invention for treating athlete's foot.

[0036] Figure 9 This is the dressing used for real-time monitoring in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10 This is an illustration of the effect of the dressing in Embodiment 4 of the present invention on improving behavioral defects in animals with athlete's foot.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the effect of dressing on macrophage immunofluorescence staining in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 This is a flow cytometry effect diagram of dressing adjustment dendritic cells in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a flow cytometry effect diagram of dressing-regulated T cell subsets in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 14 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a clinical sample after dressing treatment in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 15 This is a diagram showing the cleaning effect of the toenail after dressing treatment in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 16 This is the result of the cytotoxicity experiment in Example 6 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 17 This is the result of the blood compatibility experiment in Example 6 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0046] This invention provides a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, comprising:

[0047] A cationicly modified laser-induced graphene layer is used to target and capture negatively charged fungi; the cationic modification is preferably obtained by quaternizing the laser-induced graphene, which changes its surface potential from negative to positive, for example, from -14.9 mV to +42.9 mV.

[0048] Temperature-responsive microcapsules loaded with a drug; the temperature-responsive microcapsules are encapsulated on the laser-induced graphene layer to achieve a mild photothermal response under light irradiation and control the release of the drug; the temperature-responsive microcapsule packaging material is preferably composed of a eutectic fatty acid mixture of lauric acid and stearic acid, which lowers the melting point of the fatty acids, thereby lowering the release threshold of the drug and enabling it to be released under photoactivated mild photothermal therapy; the drug can be selected according to actual application needs, preferably an antifungal drug, more preferably itraconazole;

[0049] The hydrogel substrate used to support the laser-induced graphene layer and provide flexible support is preferably a polyacrylamide / chitosan hydrogel substrate, prepared by ultraviolet light-initiated free radical polymerization.

[0050] This invention also provides a method for preparing a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) Laser-induced graphene is obtained by irradiating polyimide film with laser; a carbon dioxide laser can be used to directly irradiate the polyimide film.

[0052] (2) The laser-induced graphene was subjected to quaternization treatment to obtain cationic modified laser-induced graphene. Specifically, a dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing 4-aminopyridine and isoamyl nitrite was added dropwise to the laser-induced graphene for reaction, and then washed and dried with dimethylformamide. A mixture containing 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane and dimethylformamide was added dropwise for quaternization reaction. The reaction time was 30 minutes to 2 hours to obtain cationic modified laser-induced graphene. The concentration of 4-aminopyridine in the dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing 4-aminopyridine and isoamyl nitrite was 50~80 mg / mL, and the concentration of isoamyl nitrite was 0.5~2 mL. The volume ratio of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane and dimethylformamide in the mixture containing 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane and dimethylformamide was 1:1:1.2.

[0053] (3) After mixing the drug with the temperature-responsive microcapsule packaging material, a temperature-responsive microcapsule loaded with the drug is formed on the surface of the cationic modified laser-induced graphene to obtain a drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer.

[0054] The temperature-responsive microcapsule packaging material is preferably fatty acid, more preferably a eutectic mixture of lauric acid and stearic acid, wherein the mass ratio of lauric acid to stearic acid is 3:1 to 5:1, preferably 4:1; the amount of the agent added to the fatty acid can be selected according to actual needs, 1:10 to 1:50, preferably 1:20;

[0055] Specifically, lauric acid and stearic acid are heated and melted to form a eutectic mixture. After cooling, the mixture is dissolved in an organic solvent, preferably dichloromethane, along with the drug. The mixture is then added to a buffer solution and shaken. The cationic-modified LIG is then immersed in the solution for loading. The LIG is removed, washed, and dried to obtain a drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer. The buffer solution is preferably tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane containing dopamine and sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0056] (4) The hydrogel precursor solution is cast onto the drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer and solidified to form a hydrogel substrate;

[0057] Specifically, acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate crosslinking agent, and photoinitiator are dissolved in an acetic acid solution containing chitosan, and the mixture is ultrasonically homogenized to obtain a hydrogel precursor solution. The precursor solution is then cast onto the surface of a drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer and cured by ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0058] (5) Peel off the polyimide film to obtain laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing.

[0059] The present invention also provides the application of the above-described laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing or the above-described preparation method in the preparation of products for the treatment and / or monitoring of fungal skin diseases.

[0060] Specifically, the aforementioned dermatophyte diseases are dermatophytes caused by Trichophyton rubrum.

[0061] This invention also provides a device for treating and / or monitoring dermatophyte diseases, comprising the aforementioned laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, and a voltage sensor for monitoring changes in the voltage signal within the laser-induced graphene layer of the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing. In use, the dressing is applied to the affected area, and sunlight exposure activates the photothermal effect to control drug release. Simultaneously, the voltage sensor monitors changes in the voltage signal of the laser-induced graphene network, allowing for real-time monitoring of the fungal load.

[0062] The following specific embodiments illustrate the effects of the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, its preparation method, and its application.

[0063] Example 1: Dressing Preparation

[0064] This embodiment provides a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, which is prepared using the following steps:

[0065] (1) Preparation of laser-induced graphene

[0066] LIG was obtained by direct irradiation of a 120 μm thick polyimide film using a 10.6 μm CO2 laser marking machine. The laser power was 1.8 W, the velocity was 1000 mm / s, the frequency was 10 kHz, the line spacing was 0.03 mm, and the pulse number was 5.

[0067] (2) Cationic modification

[0068] The LIG film was placed on a hot plate at 70°C, and a dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing 4-aminopyridine and isoamyl nitrite was added dropwise for 1 hour. The film was then washed and dried with dimethylformamide. Subsequently, a quaternization reaction was carried out at 60°C for 1 hour by adding a mixture containing 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane, and dimethylformamide to obtain cationic-modified LIG.

[0069] In a dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing 4-aminopyridine and isoamyl nitrite, the concentration of 4-aminopyridine was 63.68 mg / mL and the concentration of isoamyl nitrite was 1 mL; in a mixed solution containing 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane, and dimethylformamide, the concentrations of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane, and dimethylformamide were 3 mL, 3 mL, and 3.6 mL, respectively.

[0070] (3) Drug load:

[0071] Lauric acid and stearic acid in a mass ratio of 4:1 were heated to form a eutectic mixture. After cooling, itraconazole was dissolved in dichloromethane at a mass ratio of 1:20. This solution was added to a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer containing dopamine and sodium dodecyl sulfate and shaken. The cationic-modified LIG was then immersed in this solution for 24 hours, removed, washed, and dried to obtain the drug-loaded LIG. The concentration of dopamine in the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer containing dopamine and sodium dodecyl sulfate was 20 mg / mL, and the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate was 15 mg / mL.

[0072] (4) Preparation of hydrogel

[0073] Acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate crosslinking agent, and Irgacure 2959 photoinitiator were dissolved in an acetic acid solution containing 1 wt% chitosan. The solution was homogenized by ultrasonication to obtain a precursor solution. The amounts of acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate crosslinking agent, and Irgacure 2959 photoinitiator added per 10 mL of acetic acid solution containing 1 wt% chitosan were 1.76 g, 8.8 mg, and 17.6 mg, respectively. The precursor solution was cast onto the surface of a drug-loaded LIG and cured by irradiation with 365 nm UV light for 30 minutes. Finally, after freezing at -18°C for 3 hours, the polyimide film was peeled off to obtain the LIG.+ ITZ@PCS hydrogel dressing.

[0074] Example 2:

[0075] LIG prepared in Example 1 + The performance of ITZ@PCS hydrogel dressings was characterized and their fungal capture effect was tested.

[0076] (1) Hydrogel performance characterization experiment

[0077] Mechanical testing of the hydrogels included tensile, compressive, lap shear, and peel tests, all performed using a universal testing machine (CMT6103). Zeta potential was determined using a dynamic light scattering analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS). In the swelling ratio experiment, lyophilized hydrogels, LIG@PCS, and LIG⁺ITZ@PCS samples were used, with an initial weight recorded as W0. Each group was immersed in PBS solution and weighed at predetermined time points (W1). Swelling ratio = (W1 - W0) / W0 × 100%.

[0078] The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, LIG + The ITZ@PCS particles have a positive net surface charge, demonstrating their ability to trap fungi with a negative potential; LIG + The low elastic modulus of ITZ@PCS indicates its soft texture and high ductility; the cyclic compression test shows obvious hysteresis, indicating that LIG + ITZ@PCS contains abundant non-covalent interactions, exhibiting excellent strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance, and is not prone to brittle fracture; the swelling ratio curve shows that LIG + ITZ@PCS has strong hydrophilicity and low cross-linking density. Its three-dimensional network has a large space to accommodate solvents, and solvent molecules can penetrate into the three-dimensional network quickly.

[0079] LIG + ITZ@PCS samples adhere firmly to different locations on human skin and are not easily detached.

[0080] (2) Hydrogel fungal capture experiment

[0081] Take 1.0 mL of the working concentration (OD) 600 A suspension of *Trichophyton rubrum* (2.0 g / mL) was resuspended in PBS. The fungal suspension was then co-incubated with different hydrogels (hydrogel, LIG@PCS, LIG⁺@PCS, LIGITZ@PCS, or LIG⁺ITZ@PCS) under static conditions for 1 hour. Afterwards, it was lyophilized for 24 hours and characterized using SEM. Results are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, LIG +ITZ@PCS can target and capture negatively charged Trichophyton rubrum.

[0082] Example 3: Validation of in vitro antifungal activity and mechanism

[0083] (1) Viability staining:

[0084] Trichophyton rubrum was co-incubated with different groups of dressings and exposed to sunlight for 30 minutes.

[0085] Wherein, Control is the blank control, Hydrogel is the hydrogel dressing prepared in Example 1, and LIG + @PCShydrogel is a dressing prepared using the method of Example 1, but without itraconazole loading. LIG@PCS hydrogel is a dressing prepared using the method of Example 1, but without cationic modification of the laser-induced graphene and without itraconazole loading. LIGITZ@PCS hydrogel is a dressing prepared using the method of Example 1, but without cationic modification of the laser-induced graphene. + ITZ@PCS hydrogel is a dressing prepared in Example 1, where ITZ is a temperature-responsive microcapsule (a eutectic mixture of lauric acid and stearic acid) loaded with itraconazole.

[0086] Staining was performed using a live / dead bacterial viability / cytotoxicity assay kit, and observation was performed using a confocal microscope. The results showed that ( Figure 3 A), LIG + The ITZ@PCS group almost entirely exhibited red fluorescence (dead bacteria) under light, with a sterilization rate approaching 100%.

[0087] (2) Scanning electron microscopy observation:

[0088] Ultrathin sections of Trichophyton rubrum after treatment ( Figure 3 B) shows that LIG + The fungal cell walls in the ITZ@PCS group showed abnormal thickening and rupture, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and increased secretion of extracellular vesicles, indicating ferroptosis.

[0089] (3) Gene transcriptome sequencing

[0090] RNA-seq analysis was performed on the treated Trichophyton rubrum, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to ferroptosis, such as glutathione metabolism and ABC transporters, were significantly downregulated. Gene ontology analysis indicated significant changes in biological processes involving oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

[0091] (4) Key indicator detection

[0092] The test revealed that LIG + Intracellular Fe in ITZ@PCS fungal groups 2+ Significant accumulation was observed, with glutathione levels dropping to their lowest point, reactive oxygen species levels increasing, and NADPH oxidase gene expression upregulated by 12.95-fold. These results confirm the occurrence of ferroptosis.

[0093] (5) Scanning electron microscopy observation of biofilm

[0094] The *Trichophyton rubrum* biofilm was co-incubated with hydrogel, LIG@PCS, LIG⁺@PCS, LIGITZ@PCS, LIG⁺ITZ@PCS, and ITZ, and then treated for 30 minutes under conditions with or without sunlight. It was washed three times with PBS. Subsequently, it was prepared for SEM imaging, and the results are shown below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0095] (6) LPCB staining

[0096] Add 1–2 drops of LPCB staining solution to a clean glass slide. Carefully pick a small amount of sporogenic hyphae from the *Trichophyton rubrum* biofilm using a dissecting needle, immerse them in the staining solution, and gently disperse the hyphae. Then carefully cover with a coverslip and observe under a microscope. The results are as follows. Figure 6 As shown.

[0097] Example 4: In vivo efficacy and real-time monitoring and evaluation

[0098] (1) Establishment of animal models

[0099] A tinea pedis model was established using 12-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: a blank control group (control, healthy mice), a no-treatment tinea pedis model group (w / o treatment), and a group using LIG prepared in Example 1. + ITZ@PCS dressing treatment group (w / treatment) and itraconazole ointment treatment group (ITZ group).

[0100] (2) Evaluation of therapeutic effect

[0101] After 28 days of treatment, if Figure 7-8 As shown, LIG + Mice in the ITZ@PCS treatment group showed significant improvement in the appearance of their toenails and paw skin, approaching a healthy state, while the itraconazole group still showed obvious lesions. Histological analysis (H&E, GMS, Masson staining) showed that the treatment group had reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased fungal load, and restored collagen content.

[0102] (3) Real-time monitoring

[0103] The LIG+ITZ@PCS dressing was applied to the soles of mice, and the voltage signal was monitored using a multimeter and a smartphone. Results are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the voltage signal in the treatment group decreased slightly on day 14, but returned to its initial level by day 28, which was highly consistent with the disease progression and confirmed its monitoring capability.

[0104] (4) Behavioral assessment

[0105] Open field and tail suspension tests were conducted on each group, and the results are as follows: Figure 10 As shown, LIG + Mice in the ITZ@PCS treatment group exhibited significantly better motor skills and depressive-like behaviors than those in the untreated group and the itraconazole group, indicating that the dressing can effectively alleviate behavioral disorders caused by foot discomfort.

[0106] Example 5: Regulation of the Immune Microenvironment

[0107] Immune cells in the spleen and foot tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed ( Figure 11-13 In Example 4, LIG + The proportion of M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages was increased in mice treated with ITZ@PCS, the dendritic cell maturation rate increased to 39.5%, the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly increased, and the CD4 / CD8 ratio returned to normal. This indicates that the dressing can effectively remodel the immune microenvironment and promote tissue repair.

[0108] Example 6: Clinical Sample Validation and Biocompatibility

[0109] (1) Clinical sample testing

[0110] Nail and skin scale samples were collected from 37 patients with skin diseases (including athlete's foot). LIG was prepared according to Example 1. + After treatment with ITZ@PCS hydrogel and sunlight, most of the fungi in the samples were killed, with a kill rate approaching 100%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe morphological deformation and collapse of the fungi. Figure 14 ).

[0111] (2) Toenail cleaning effect

[0112] LIG + ITZ@PCS dressings have a significant bleaching effect on stained toenails with minimal damage to the nail structure. Figure 15 ).

[0113] (3) Biocompatibility

[0114] Calcein AM / PI staining assays demonstrated that the dressing had no significant cytotoxicity to human embryonic lung fibroblasts. Figure 16Hemolysis tests showed that it has good blood compatibility. Figure 17 ).

[0115] In summary, this invention provides an intelligent laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing that integrates targeted capture, photothermal therapy, controlled drug release, and real-time monitoring functions, offering a novel solution for the precise and dynamic management of dermatophyte diseases.

[0116] The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. All designs that are the same as or similar to the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, characterized in that, include: Cationic-modified laser-induced graphene layer; Temperature-responsive microcapsules loaded with a drug; the temperature-responsive microcapsules are encapsulated on the laser-induced graphene layer; Hydrogel substrate for supporting the laser-induced graphene layer.

2. The laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The laser-induced graphene layer is obtained by quaternizing the laser-induced graphene.

3. The laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The medicine includes antifungal agents.

4. The laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing as described in claim 3, characterized in that... The antifungal agents include itraconazole.

5. A method for preparing a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Laser-induced graphene was obtained by irradiating a polyimide film with a laser. Laser-induced graphene was quaternized to obtain cationic-modified laser-induced graphene. After mixing the drug with a temperature-responsive microcapsule packaging material, a temperature-responsive microcapsule loaded with the drug is formed on the surface of a cationicly modified laser-induced graphene, thus obtaining a drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer. The hydrogel precursor solution was cast onto a drug-loaded laser-induced graphene layer and solidified to form a hydrogel substrate. The polyimide film was peeled off to obtain a laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing.

6. The method for preparing the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The quaternization treatment specifically involves: adding a dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing 4-aminopyridine and isoamyl nitrite to laser-induced graphene for reaction, then washing and drying, and adding a mixed solution containing 2,6-dimethylpyridine, iodomethane and dimethylformamide for quaternization reaction to obtain cationic modified laser-induced graphene.

7. The method for preparing the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature-responsive microencapsulation material includes lauric acid and stearic acid.

8. The use of the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing as described in any one of claims 1-4 or the preparation method as described in any one of claims 5-7 in the preparation of products for the treatment and / or monitoring of dermatophyte diseases.

9. The application as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The aforementioned dermatomycosis is a dermatomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum.

10. A device for treating and / or monitoring dermatomycosis, characterized in that, It includes the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing according to any one of claims 1-4, and a voltage sensor for monitoring changes in the voltage signal within the laser-induced graphene layer of the laser-induced graphene-hydrogel dressing.

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