A fire hose local abnormal state positioning system

Abstract

The application discloses a fire hose local abnormal state positioning method and system. The method collects actual laying path of the fire hose and state parameters of a water supply end and a water outlet end; under normal water conveying conditions of the fire hose, at least two controllable small-amplitude water conveying disturbances with different amplitudes are applied to establish a dynamic response baseline; after the fire hose is actually put into use, disturbance responses are collected; dynamic response characteristics are constructed according to steady-state pressure, flow rate variation, pressure recovery time and pressure deviation time integral; and normalized response ratios of different amplitude disturbances are calculated. When the positioning reliability is insufficient, only a single movable pressure or flow rate measuring node is arranged in a candidate interval to carry out secondary verification, and finally the position, type and degree of the local abnormality are determined. The application does not need to arrange sensors along the whole fire hose, is suitable for the fire hose temporarily laid in a fire scene, and can realize non-disassembly and rapid positioning of abnormalities such as bending, flattening, pinching, blocking and leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire protection technology, specifically a system for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses. Background Technology

[0002] Fire hoses are crucial water supply components in fire-fighting water supply systems, often deployed quickly and temporarily at fire scenes. Due to factors such as fire scene space, laying path, and personnel / vehicle operations, fire hoses are prone to localized anomalies such as sharp bends, folds, twists, flattening, crushing, and clamping by the hose valve. These anomalies alter the local flow cross-section and water flow resistance, resulting in additional hydraulic losses and a decrease in pressure and flow rate at the nozzle tip. Consequently, they affect the stability of the water supply and the effectiveness of firefighting operations. Therefore, timely identification of anomalies is essential for firefighting operations.

[0003] Current detection methods primarily rely on pressure, flow rate, and vibration parameters to determine fire hose anomalies. Some solutions only assess the overall water delivery status of the hose, while others require deploying multiple detection nodes along the hose to identify localized faults. For long-distance flexible fire hoses, deploying multiple nodes increases equipment and maintenance costs, making it difficult to adapt to the rapid deployment and complex, ever-changing operating conditions at fire sites. Fire hoses possess flexible deformation and distributed water storage capabilities; localized anomalies alter the dynamic response characteristics of water delivery disturbance propagation. However, most existing technologies only utilize steady-state parameters and do not leverage active, controllable water delivery disturbances to establish a dynamic response-anomaly location mapping, making non-destructive, rapid location detection impossible using only measuring points at both ends of the hose. Furthermore, existing solutions lack lightweight verification methods; when multiple candidate intervals exist for coarse location, numerous additional measuring points are required for verification, complicating on-site operations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fire hose localized anomaly location technology with minimal sensor configuration, capable of coarse location and incorporating a small number of auxiliary measurements for secondary verification of suspected sections. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: As an optional solution to the fire hose local abnormal state positioning system described in this invention, the method includes: acquiring the actual laying path of the fire hose; constructing a one-dimensional position coordinate along the actual laying path with the water supply end as the starting point; dividing the fire hose into multiple candidate sections based on the preset section length and path structure characteristics; under normal water supply conditions, applying at least two small-amplitude water supply disturbances of different amplitudes to the end of the hose, wherein the small-amplitude water supply disturbances are flow disturbances that do not change the deformation state of the fire hose body; collecting the dynamic responses of the water supply end pressure, the water outlet end pressure, and the water outlet flow rate; and constructing a normal dynamic response baseline that is weakly affected by the disturbance amplitude based on the collected dynamic responses; when the fire hose is in water supply operation, applying at least two small-amplitude water supply disturbances of different amplitudes to the end of the hose to acquire the dynamic responses of the water supply end and the water outlet end under operation conditions; performing normalization processing on the dynamic responses under operation conditions; and comparing the normalization result with the normal dynamic response baseline to obtain... The dynamic deviation characteristics of the dynamic response of the operating state relative to the normal dynamic response baseline are obtained. For each candidate segment, based on the path distance from the candidate segment to the water supply end and the water outlet end, a pre-established location-sensitive response model is invoked to predict the predicted dynamic response characteristics corresponding to the assumption that there is a local anomaly in the candidate segment. The dynamic deviation characteristics are matched with the predicted dynamic response characteristics of each candidate segment to obtain the matching error of each candidate segment. Based on the matching error and applying the spatial continuity constraint of the candidate segments, the candidate anomaly intervals of the fire hose are determined to obtain the coarse location result of the local anomaly. The spatial continuity constraint is as follows: when merging candidate anomaly intervals, only anomaly candidate segments that are adjacent in the one-dimensional path coordinate space of the hose and whose segment interval is less than the preset allowable interval threshold are merged into continuous candidate anomaly intervals. For spatially discrete and isolated marked segments that are not adjacent to other anomaly candidate segments, they are removed to avoid single-point noise mis-marking to form false anomaly intervals.

[0006] As an optional solution of the fire hose local abnormality location system described in this invention, the step of dividing the fire hose into multiple candidate segments according to the preset segment length and path structure characteristics includes: obtaining multiple key nodes on the actual laying path of the fire hose and the position coordinates, turning angles and local bending state parameters of the corresponding key nodes; for locations that are prone to local hydraulic anomalies, such as turns, door clamping or road intersections, the location is set as the segment boundary, or the segment division density around the location is increased.

[0007] As an optional solution of the fire hose local abnormal state positioning system described in this invention, the following steps are included: establishing a normal dynamic response baseline includes: extracting the outlet pressure response amplitude, pressure recovery time, and pressure deviation time integral corresponding to each small water supply disturbance; constructing normalized dynamic response features that are independent of or weakly correlated with the disturbance amplitude based on the response ratio of disturbances of different amplitudes; and determining the normal dynamic response baseline and its normal variation range by combining the statistical results of multiple normal calibration samples. Obtaining the dynamic deviation features of the operating state dynamic response relative to the normal dynamic response baseline includes: calculating the deviations of the steady-state pressure response relationship, pressure response amplitude relationship, pressure recovery time relationship, flow response relationship, and pressure deviation integral response relationship from the corresponding baseline features; and standardizing each deviation based on the fluctuation range of the normal calibration samples. The system also includes: constructing a dual-end dynamic response relationship based on the pressure response amplitude and pressure recovery time synchronously collected from the water supply and outlet ends; and incorporating the dual-end dynamic response relationship into the dynamic deviation features to improve the sensitivity of the response to abnormal locations.

[0008] As an optional solution of the fire hose local abnormality location system described in this invention, the location-sensitive response model constructs a location-sensitive response mapping function based on the normalized spatial position of the candidate section center relative to the water supply end and the water outlet end, combined with the dynamic response relationship of the two ends; the location-sensitive response mapping function is established by any one or more combinations of standard hose test calibration, historical operation data calibration, and hydraulic-flexible coupling calculation; the predicted dynamic response characteristics are determined by at least one of the effective flow area ratio, local flow hindrance parameter, and local leakage parameter when assuming local abnormalities exist in the candidate section, and various abnormalities such as local bending, folding, flattening, blockage, and leakage are uniformly transformed into disturbances in the local flow capacity and local flow state of the candidate section.

[0009] As an optional solution to the fire hose local anomaly location system of the present invention, the step of determining the candidate anomaly interval where the fire hose has a local anomaly based on the matching error and the spatial continuity between candidate segments includes: setting a candidate segment judgment threshold, marking candidate segments with matching errors less than the judgment threshold or matching degrees greater than the matching degree threshold as anomaly candidate segments; merging anomaly candidate segments that are adjacent along the actual path coordinates of the fire hose and meet the preset spatial interval conditions to form a continuous candidate anomaly interval; calculating the interval comprehensive location score based on the matching error of each candidate segment within the candidate anomaly interval, and outputting the coarse anomaly location result based on the comprehensive location score. The comprehensive location score is calculated by weighting the matching errors of each candidate segment within the continuous candidate anomaly interval. The smaller the matching error within the interval, the higher the comprehensive location score, indicating a higher probability that the interval is a true anomaly location.

[0010] As an optional solution of the fire hose local anomaly state positioning system described in this invention, it further includes a secondary verification step: when the length of the candidate anomaly interval obtained from coarse positioning is greater than a preset threshold, or there are two or more candidate anomaly intervals that are difficult to distinguish through matching differences, or the positioning reliability is lower than a preset threshold, a single movable auxiliary detection node is arranged within the candidate anomaly interval, and a small water conveyance disturbance is applied to collect the dynamic response of the auxiliary detection node; the candidate anomaly interval is narrowed according to the dynamic response difference between the upstream and downstream candidate segments of the auxiliary detection node to obtain the secondary verification positioning result; the verification position of the movable auxiliary detection node is selected from the midpoint of the candidate anomaly interval, or the position with the highest information discrimination obtained from the matching error distribution of the candidate segments; if the narrowed candidate anomaly interval still does not reach the preset positioning accuracy, the movable auxiliary detection node is moved to the new verification position of the updated candidate anomaly interval, and the disturbance collection and interval narrowing steps are repeated until the positioning accuracy is met.

[0011] As an optional solution of the fire hose local anomaly state location system described in this invention, it further includes an anomaly inversion step: based on the candidate anomaly interval corresponding to the coarse anomaly location result or the secondary verification location result, combined with the steady-state pressure response, dual-disturbance dynamic response and position-sensitive response characteristics of the interval, the local anomaly type of the fire hose is identified; the anomaly type includes at least one of local bending, folding, twisting, flattening, blockage and leakage; a unified anomaly degree index is calculated according to the anomaly state parameters of the corresponding anomaly type, and the anomaly type, anomaly degree judgment result and corresponding judgment confidence are output.

[0012] Secondly, this invention also discloses a system for locating local anomalies in fire hoses, used to implement the aforementioned method for locating local anomalies in fire hoses, comprising: a water supply end detection unit deployed at the water supply end of the fire hose, used to collect pressure and / or flow data at the water supply end; a water outlet end detection unit deployed at the water outlet end of the fire hose, used to collect pressure and / or flow data at the water outlet end; a water conveyance disturbance application device, used to apply at least two small-amplitude water conveyance disturbances of different amplitudes to the end of the fire hose; and a data acquisition and path positioning module, used to acquire information on the actual laying path of the fire hose, and The system completes the division of candidate fire hose sections; the data processing and analysis module is communicatively connected to the water supply end detection unit, the water outlet end detection unit, and the data acquisition and path positioning module, and is configured to: construct a normal dynamic response baseline, calculate the dynamic deviation characteristics under operating conditions, construct a location-sensitive response model, and complete the predicted dynamic response feature matching calculation for each candidate section, outputting the coarse location results of local anomalies in the fire hose; the positioning result output module is connected to the data processing and analysis module and is used to output the location, anomaly type, and anomaly degree information of local anomalies in the fire hose.

[0013] As an optional solution of the fire hose local abnormality location system described in this invention, it further includes a movable auxiliary detection node. The movable auxiliary detection node can be temporarily arranged in the candidate abnormality interval corresponding to the coarse location result, and is used to collect pressure and / or flow dynamic response data at the arrangement location. This data is then used by the data processing and analysis module to narrow down the candidate abnormality interval based on the difference in dynamic response between the upstream and downstream of the node, and to complete the secondary verification location.

[0014] As an optional solution of the fire hose local abnormal state positioning system described in this invention, the water supply disturbance application device includes at least one of a water gun opening adjustment device, an end throttling device, and a fire pump outlet adjustment device, used to generate a small water supply disturbance without changing the fire hose connection relationship.

[0015] As an optional solution of the fire hose local abnormality location system described in this invention, the location result output module is further used to output a prompt signal when the location confidence is lower than a preset threshold, so as to trigger the re-collection of dynamic response data or start the secondary verification process.

[0016] Location reliability is calculated by combining the consistency of the two disturbance responses, the number of effective feature samples, and the difference in matching error between the best and second-best candidate intervals. The higher the reliability value, the higher the reliability of the coarse location result. When the location reliability is lower than the preset threshold, a prompt is triggered, prompting the re-collection of disturbance data or initiating a secondary verification process for a single movable node.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention eliminates the need to deploy a large number of fixed sensors along the entire length of the fire hose. Baseline calibration and coarse positioning can be completed using only two detection units at the water supply and outlet ends. The number of hardware components is small, reducing equipment costs and the workload of on-site deployment and maintenance. It is suitable for fire scene operations where fire hoses are temporarily and quickly laid out.

[0018] This invention utilizes the flexibility, elasticity, and distributed water storage characteristics of fire hoses to construct a multidimensional normal dynamic response baseline that is weakly correlated with the amplitude of two sets of small-amplitude water conveyance disturbances. Instead of relying on absolute pressure and flow rate values, it uses the relative dynamic response relationship between disturbances for comparison, which can effectively distinguish between fluctuations in the entire water supply pump and local anomalies in the hose itself, reducing the probability of misjudgment.

[0019] This invention establishes a position-sensitive response model that unifies the parameterization of various anomalies such as bending, flattening, blockage, and leakage, and completes coarse positioning through prediction-matching. When the coarse positioning result is uncertain, only a single movable auxiliary detection node is used to iteratively narrow the interval, without the need to add multiple sets of sensors, thus balancing positioning accuracy and on-site operation convenience.

[0020] This invention can not only output the spatial location range of anomalies, but also further invert the anomaly type, quantify the severity level of the anomaly, and output the confidence level of the judgment; at the same time, it supports the active application of disturbances, and also supports the use of natural working condition changes caused by firefighters operating water guns as equivalent disturbances. It can carry out detection during the intervals of firefighting operations and has little interference with normal firefighting water supply.

[0021] This invention establishes a one-dimensional location coordinate based on the cumulative path length of the actual fire hose laying, which is not affected by the hose detours, turns, or sharp bends. The positioning result can be directly correlated with the actual location of the hose on site, making it easier for firefighters to troubleshoot on site.

[0022] The positioning method of this invention is primarily applicable to single-location local anomalies in fire hoses, including bending, folding, flattening, clamping, blockage, and leakage. If two or more independent local anomalies exist simultaneously in the fire hose, the disturbance signals will be superimposed and coupled, and the candidate segment matching error will be affected by the coupling of multiple anomalies, resulting in a decrease in positioning accuracy. In this scenario, it is recommended to isolate the hose in segments before conducting the detection.

[0023] In addition, when conducting baseline calibration and disturbance detection, it is preferable to fully fill fire hoses with water and remove as many air bubbles as possible from inside the hoses. If a large amount of gas accumulates inside the hoses, it will change the overall elastic water storage characteristics of the hoses, causing dynamic response baseline shift and increasing the risk of misjudgment. When it is not possible to completely vent the fire at the scene, it is necessary to add multiple disturbance samples for statistical averaging. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 Overall technical flowchart.

[0025] Figure 2 System composition and data flow diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Please see Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a technical solution: This invention provides a method for locating local anomalies in fire hoses and a system for implementing this method. The core idea is as follows: Obtain the actual laying path of the fire hose and divide it into multiple candidate sections; apply at least two small-amplitude water conveyance disturbances of different amplitudes to the hose in its intact state to establish a normal dynamic response baseline; collect the corresponding dynamic response to the two disturbances during actual hose operation, and obtain dynamic deviation features after normalization; predict the predicted dynamic response features when local anomalies occur in each candidate section using a location-sensitive response model, and obtain a coarsely located candidate anomaly interval through feature matching; when the coarse location result is uncertain, a single movable auxiliary detection node is used for secondary verification to narrow down the interval; finally, the anomaly type, anomaly degree, and judgment confidence are obtained by combining the dynamic response features. This invention eliminates the need to deploy fixed sensors along the entire length of the fire hose, making it suitable for fire hose fault detection scenarios involving temporary and rapid deployment at fire scenes.

[0027] See Figure 2 The fire hose local abnormality location system of the present invention includes a water supply end detection unit, a water outlet end detection unit, a water delivery disturbance application device, a movable auxiliary detection node, a data acquisition and path positioning module, a data processing and analysis module, and a positioning result output module. The water supply end detection unit is located at the water supply end of the fire hose, generally at the fire pump outlet, and is used to collect water supply end pressure and / or flow data; the water outlet end detection unit is located at the water outlet end of the fire hose, integrated into the water nozzle inlet or outlet connector, and is used to collect water outlet end pressure and / or flow data; the water delivery disturbance application device can be a water nozzle opening adjustment mechanism, an end throttling device, or a fire pump outlet adjustment device, generating small-amplitude water delivery disturbances of varying amplitudes without altering the fire hose pipeline connection; the movable auxiliary detection node is a portable detection module that can be temporarily clamped to the outer wall of the fire hose using a quick-installation clamp structure, without damaging the hose itself, and is only temporarily deployed when there is uncertainty in the coarse positioning; the data... The data acquisition and path positioning module is used to collect basic parameters of the water hose, obtain the actual laying path of the water hose, and complete the candidate section division. The data processing and analysis module communicates with the water supply end detection unit, the water outlet end detection unit, the movable auxiliary detection node, and the data acquisition and path positioning module, respectively, and executes all algorithm logics such as path initialization, baseline establishment, dual disturbance detection, composite response construction, candidate section prediction, coarse anomaly location, secondary verification, and anomaly type and degree determination. The positioning result output module is used to output the anomaly location interval, representative location, anomaly type, anomaly degree, and judgment confidence. When the positioning confidence is insufficient, it outputs prompt information to prompt the operator to re-collect data or start the secondary verification process.

[0028] Example 1 This embodiment focuses on the local anomaly location detection of a DN65 rubber braided fire hose with a total length of 200m laid at a fire scene. The fire hose's laying path has multiple bends and turns, and it was found that the water nozzle outlet pressure and flow rate decreased, suggesting that the hose may be locally flattened due to clamping by the door frame, requiring the location of the abnormal section.

[0029] S1. Water hose path and status initialization This step establishes the spatial location benchmark and initial water supply status of the fire hose, providing fundamental input for subsequent baseline calibration, disturbance detection, and anomaly location matching. First, the basic parameters and end-point status of the fire hose are acquired: total hose length 200m, inner diameter 65mm, rubber braided material, rated working pressure 1.6MPa; the supply end is the fire truck pump outlet, and the outlet end is the fire nozzle interface; initial operating parameters are collected: initial pressure at the supply end 0.8MPa, initial pressure at the outlet end 0.45MPa, and water flow rate 18L / s; the hose is fully filled with water, and internal air bubbles are mostly removed. The supply end pressure is read by the pressure sensor integrated into the fire pump outlet, and the outlet end pressure and flow rate are collected by the outlet end detection unit at the fire nozzle inlet connector.

[0030] Subsequently, the actual laying path of the water hose was obtained and candidate sections were divided. The water supply end was used as the starting point of the one-dimensional position coordinates (x=0), and the corresponding coordinate of the water outlet end was (x=200m). Multiple key nodes of the water hose centerline were collected using a combination of manual marking and laser ranging. The length coordinates, planar position coordinates, elevation, water hose turning angle, and local bending parameters of each key node along the water hose laying path were recorded. It should be noted that this invention uses the cumulative path length of the actual water hose laying as the position coordinates, rather than the straight-line distance between the water supply and water outlet ends, to ensure that the positioning results correspond to the actual position of the water hose on site. The water hose was divided into candidate sections according to a preset basic section length of 10m. For points prone to hydraulic anomalies, such as door frame locations, sharp bends, and road intersections, the section division step size was reduced to 5m to improve local spatial resolution. In this embodiment, 24 candidate sections were finally obtained. Each candidate segment stores the segment length, segment center location, path distance from the water supply end, path distance from the water outlet end, average elevation, elevation change, main turning angle, and local curvature parameters, generating a complete initialization state dataset.

[0031] S2. Establish a normal dynamic response baseline. This step requires baseline calibration to be performed under the condition that the fire hose is intact, without folds, flattening, or clamping, and that the pipeline connection is reliable and internal water filling and venting are completed. In this embodiment, the baseline calibration is completed during the pre-operation rehearsal phase. The flow rate at the end of the hose is maintained at a stable reference flow rate of 18 L / s. This reference flow rate is maintained for a sufficient duration to distinguish the stable state before disturbance, the disturbance process, and the disturbance recovery phase, eliminating interference from random fluctuations in the fire water supply pump. The water gun opening is adjusted using the water supply disturbance application device to apply the first small water supply disturbance, with a flow disturbance amount of ΔQ1 = 4 L / s. The time-series data of the supply end pressure, outlet end pressure, and outlet flow rate changes over time are recorded throughout the process, with the start of the disturbance as the relative time zero point. The outlet end pressure response amplitude, pressure recovery time, pressure deviation time integral, and flow response amplitude are extracted. After the first disturbance ends, wait for the water supply pressure and flow rate to recover to the baseline operating conditions, then apply a second small-amplitude water supply disturbance ΔQ2=7L / s with a different amplitude. Again, collect complete time-series response curves and extract the corresponding dynamic response characteristic parameters. Based on the response results of the two disturbances with different amplitudes, construct normalized dynamic response characteristics, including pressure response amplitude ratio, pressure recovery time ratio, flow response amplitude ratio, steady-state pressure response coefficient, and pressure deviation integral response coefficient. Repeat the calibration test multiple times, and use median statistics to obtain the normal dynamic response baseline, while simultaneously determining the normal fluctuation confidence interval for each characteristic. It should be understood that this normal dynamic response baseline is not a single pressure or flow rate value, but a multi-dimensional dynamic response relationship. Even if the fire pump outlet pressure and initial flow rate fluctuate to some extent, as long as the dynamic response relationship of the water hose itself falls within the normal fluctuation range of the baseline, it will not be judged as abnormal, thereby reducing the risk of misjudgment caused by overall fluctuations in the water supply system.

[0032] The small-amplitude water conveyance disturbance described in this invention refers to a flow disturbance that does not cause plastic deformation of the fire hose itself or change the overall laying shape of the hose. For conventional DN65 and DN80 fire hoses, the flow change between two water conveyance disturbances with different amplitudes is preferably 10%-40% of the reference water conveyance flow rate; the ratio between the amplitudes of the two disturbances is preferably 1:1.4 to 1:2.0. The disturbance amplitude should not be too small to avoid the disturbance response being drowned out by system noise; the disturbance amplitude should also not be too large to prevent the disturbance itself from inducing new deformation anomalies in the hose.

[0033] In practical applications, flow disturbances with a set amplitude can be actively generated by a water conveyance disturbance application device, or natural working condition disturbances generated by firefighters operating water gun openings can be reused. Only two segments of effective disturbance time series data whose amplitudes meet the above ratio conditions need to be extracted.

[0034] S3. Dual Disturbance Detection in Operation Fire hoses are deployed to supply water for firefighting, and pressure and flow data at both the supply and outlet are continuously monitored. A stable operating window is identified using a sliding time window, where flow and pressure fluctuations are below preset thresholds, and short-term, minor flow adjustments are permitted during the current firefighting operation. Within this stable operating window, without altering the hose connections, a first minor water supply disturbance (ΔQ1' = 3.8 L / s) is applied. Time-series data of the entire disturbance process is collected, and steady-state pressure change, pressure response amplitude, pressure recovery time, pressure deviation time integral, and flow response amplitude are extracted. Once the system returns to stable operation, a second minor water supply disturbance (ΔQ2' = 6.9 L / s) with a different amplitude is applied, and time-series data is again collected, and dynamic response parameters are extracted. The validity of both disturbances is verified: the disturbance amplitude is greater than the minimum threshold, there are no excessive fluctuations at the supply end during the disturbance, the flow rate exhibits a identifiable stable change, the pressure returns to the stable zone after the disturbance, and there is a sufficient recovery interval between the two disturbances. Both disturbances are therefore deemed valid. The two disturbance responses are normalized to eliminate the effects of differences in disturbance amplitude and initial operating conditions, resulting in a set of normalized dynamic responses to the two disturbances under operating conditions.

[0035] As an alternative implementation method: if the water nozzle opening is not allowed to be actively adjusted during the critical stage of fire extinguishing, the two stable operating conditions with different amplitudes formed by the actual operation of the water nozzle by the firefighter are identified, and the flow rate change formed by the natural operation is taken as the equivalent double disturbance. The corresponding dynamic response parameters are extracted from the historical time series data to complete the subsequent calculation.

[0036] To suppress noise interference caused by random pressure fluctuations in the fire pump itself, pipeline oscillations, and residual air bubbles in the pipe, this invention sets up multiple verification logics at the data processing level: Disturbance validity verification: Only when the pressure and flow fluctuations within the sliding time window before the disturbance occur are less than a preset threshold are they considered to be in a stable operating condition; during the disturbance process, there is no significant drift at the water supply end exceeding the allowable range, and the pressure and flow can recover to the steady-state range before the disturbance ends, only then is the set of disturbance data considered valid; Multi-sample statistical smoothing: Median statistics are performed on the dynamic response characteristics of multiple disturbance acquisitions to remove outliers and reduce feature shifts caused by instantaneous noise; Dual-disturbance normalized ratio feature anti-interference: This invention does not rely on absolute pressure and flow values, but mainly relies on the response ratio between two disturbances of different amplitudes to construct features, which can isolate the impact of random fluctuations of the entire fire pump to a certain extent and distinguish between "overall pressure fluctuations at the water supply end" and "local anomalies in the hose itself". If the validity verification of multiple sets of disturbance data fails, the positioning result output module outputs a prompt, reminding the operator to wait for the water supply condition to stabilize before resuming disturbance acquisition.

[0037] S4. Constructing a position-sensitive composite response. The normalized dynamic response under operating conditions is compared with the baseline of the normal dynamic response obtained in S2. The relative deviations of the steady-state pressure response relationship, pressure response amplitude relationship, pressure recovery time relationship, flow response relationship, and pressure deviation integral response relationship are calculated respectively. All deviations are standardized by incorporating the fluctuation range of the normal calibration sample to obtain the dynamic deviation vector. Using the pressure time series collected synchronously at the water supply and outlet ends, the pressure response amplitude and pressure recovery time at the water supply and outlet ends are calculated to construct a two-end dynamic response relationship. This two-end dynamic response relationship incorporates dynamic deviation characteristics, improving the sensitivity of the response to abnormal locations. For each candidate segment obtained in S1, the center position of the candidate segment is taken, and the normalized spatial position relative to the water supply and outlet ends is calculated. This position is then substituted into a pre-established position-sensitive response mapping function to obtain the position-sensitive response parameters corresponding to each candidate segment. In this embodiment, the position-sensitive response mapping function is obtained by combining standard water hose test calibration with hydraulic-flexible coupling simulation calculation. The dynamic deviation vector, the two-end dynamic response relationship, and the position-sensitive response parameters are combined, and each feature is standardized dimensionlessly and assigned a feature weight to generate a composite dynamic response quantity for candidate segment matching. The overall dynamic response reliability is calculated based on the difference between the normalized responses of two perturbations. In this embodiment, if the reliability is greater than a preset threshold, the current data is determined to be valid identification data, and the process proceeds to the next step of candidate segment prediction and matching. If the reliability is insufficient, the data set is discarded, and the process returns to S3 to re-collect the perturbation response.

[0038] S5, Dynamic Response Prediction of Candidate Sections The model iterates through all 24 candidate segments obtained from S1, assuming local anomalies in each segment. Various anomalies, including bending, flattening, blockage, and leakage, are represented using unified parameterization: effective flow area ratio, local additional hydraulic resistance parameters, and additional local leakage parameters for leakage scenarios. For each candidate segment, a distributed dynamic response model is established, considering the actual path distance from the segment to the supply and outlet ends, segment length, turning angle, elevation, and hose type parameters. The model simultaneously considers fluid dynamic storage effects, hose wall elasticity effects, and the attenuation of disturbance signal propagation caused by the anomaly segment. The two-stage disturbance from S3 is used as the excitation input model to predict the pressure response time-series curves at the supply and outlet ends under different anomaly levels. Features such as predicted response amplitude, recovery time, and pressure-time integral are extracted, and the two-stage disturbance results are normalized to construct a dual-disturbance ratio feature. Furthermore, dual-end dynamic position features are generated, establishing a "position-anomaly level-dynamic response" prediction set for subsequent matching with measured data. The dynamic response model of the candidate section can be established by means of standard water hose test calibration, historical operation data calibration, hydraulic-flexible coupling numerical calculation, or a combination of multiple methods.

[0039] S6, Abnormal Coarse Positioning The measured composite dynamic response features obtained in S4 are scale-aligned with the predicted dynamic response features of each candidate segment in S5 to eliminate scale bias caused by differences in operating conditions and disturbance amplitudes. For each candidate segment, different anomaly degree parameters within its prediction set are traversed to obtain the minimum comprehensive matching error for that candidate segment, and the corresponding candidate segment matching degree is calculated; combined with the dynamic response reliability of S4, the reliable matching degree is calculated. Matching error threshold and matching degree threshold are set to filter and mark abnormal candidate segments; according to the one-dimensional path coordinates of the water hose, spatially adjacent abnormal candidate segments with an interval smaller than the maximum allowable interval are merged to generate one or more continuous candidate abnormal intervals; for each continuous candidate abnormal interval, the interval comprehensive positioning score is calculated to determine the optimal matching representative position within the interval. In this embodiment, the coarse positioning output yields a unique continuous candidate abnormal interval: x=85m~110m, interval length 25m, and the optimal matching representative position x=96m; this interval length is greater than the preset maximum allowable interval length of 20m for coarse positioning, thus triggering the S7 single movable auxiliary node secondary verification process.

[0040] If the length of the candidate interval output by the coarse localization meets the accuracy requirements and the difference between the best and second-best intervals is sufficiently large, then skip S7 and proceed directly to S8 for anomaly type and severity determination. If multiple spatially separated candidate anomaly intervals cannot be distinguished, or the overall localization reliability is insufficient, then proceed to the S7 secondary verification process. If the localization reliability is extremely low, return to S3 to re-collect perturbation data. It should be noted that this step only determines the spatial range of the anomaly and does not directly determine the anomaly type or severity.

[0041] S7, Single movable auxiliary node secondary verification In this embodiment, the coarse localization outputs a unique candidate anomaly range of 85m-110m; the information discrimination of different locations within the range is calculated, and the verification location with the highest information discrimination is selected at x=97m. A movable auxiliary detection node is temporarily clamped at the actual laying position of the hose at x=97m using a quick-clamp; this node is only temporarily added for this verification and does not require sensors to be deployed along the entire hose. To maintain stable system operation, a small water delivery disturbance is applied, and the pressure at the water supply end, the pressure at the auxiliary node, the pressure at the water outlet, and the flow time-series data are collected simultaneously; alternatively, a natural on-site operating condition switch can be used as an equivalent verification disturbance. The response amplitude, recovery time, and pressure integral of the auxiliary node are extracted and normalized according to the disturbance amplitude to obtain the verification response characteristics of the auxiliary node. Using the auxiliary node as a boundary, the hose is divided into an upstream sub-section and a downstream sub-section, and the dynamic response characteristics of both sides are extracted to calculate the dynamic difference between the upstream and downstream sides. The S5 prediction model is invoked to predict the dynamic differences under two assumptions: "the anomaly is located upstream of the auxiliary node" and "the anomaly is located downstream of the auxiliary node." The measured upstream and downstream dynamic differences are compared with the two sets of prediction results to calculate the matching error. By comparing the matching error, it is determined that the anomaly in this embodiment is biased towards the upstream side of the auxiliary node, and the candidate anomaly interval is updated to x=85m-97m. The length of the updated interval is 12m, which is still greater than the preset accuracy threshold of 10m. The movable auxiliary detection node is moved to the optimal verification position x=91m in the new interval, and disturbance acquisition and upstream and downstream difference comparison are performed again to further narrow the interval. Finally, the candidate anomaly interval after secondary verification is obtained, x=86m~94m, with an interval length of 8m, which meets the preset positioning accuracy. The output represents the anomaly position x=90m, the secondary verification discrimination, and the final positioning reliability.

[0042] As an alternative implementation scenario: when the coarse localization outputs multiple separate candidate abnormal intervals, it is not necessary to deploy multiple auxiliary nodes at the same time; select one candidate interval according to the verification priority, deploy movable auxiliary nodes to carry out verification; confirm or exclude the interval based on the verification results, and move nodes to verify the remaining candidate intervals as needed.

[0043] In this embodiment, the movable auxiliary detection node adopts a non-invasive pressure acquisition method by clamping it to the outer wall of the fire hose, without damaging or piercing the hose itself. Since the fire hose is made of flexible woven rubber, there is a measurement deviation between the pressure measured on the outer wall and the actual water pressure inside the hose due to hose expansion and deformation. This system pre-calibrates the outer wall-internal pressure compensation mapping relationship under different water pressures using a test bench. The measurement value compensation and correction are completed within the data processing and analysis module, converting the outer wall acquisition signal into the equivalent dynamic response of the hose's internal pressure. This response is then used for upstream and downstream dynamic difference comparison calculations, eliminating measurement errors caused by the deformation of the flexible hose.

[0044] S8. Determination of Abnormal Type and Severity The candidate anomaly interval x=86m~94m obtained from the secondary verification of S7 is used as the spatial constraint range. All measured dynamic response features from S3 and S4 are collected, and the response features collected by the auxiliary nodes of S7 are also introduced. Local anomalies are divided into four categories: local bending, folding / flattening clamping, local blockage, and local leakage. The "location-abnormal state-dynamic response" prediction model established in S5 is called, and different anomaly types and anomaly degree parameters are traversed. The matching error between the measured features and the predicted features of each type of anomaly is calculated, and the anomaly type corresponding to the minimum matching error is selected as the initial judgment result. Constraint verification is performed by combining multiple sets of dynamic response features to eliminate misjudgments caused by a single indicator. In this embodiment, the minimum matching error corresponds to folding and local flattening (door frame clamping) anomalies. The optimal anomaly state parameters are solved, with an effective flow area ratio of 0.61 and a local additional resistance parameter of 0.42. A unified anomaly degree index is calculated, and the anomaly is judged to be moderate. The difference in matching error between the optimal anomaly type and the second-best anomaly type is compared. Combined with the location confidence and disturbance response confidence, the comprehensive judgment confidence is calculated. In this embodiment, the comprehensive confidence meets the output conditions.

[0045] The location result output module outputs the following results: Anomaly candidate range 86m-94m, representing a location approximately 90m away; Anomaly type: Local flattening and compression; Anomaly level: Moderate; Overall judgment confidence level 0.86. On-site operators went to the vicinity of 90m of the fire hose to investigate and confirmed that the fire hose at that location was flattened by the fire door frame. After releasing the compression, the pressure and flow rate at the nozzle end returned to normal.

[0046] Example 2 (Leakage Anomaly Scenario) This embodiment shares the same basic hardware and execution process as Embodiment 1, the difference being that the fire hose has a localized breakage and leakage. During the S8 anomaly type determination stage, a significant deviation occurs between the total flow rate at the supply end and the flow rate at the outlet end; the dynamic response characteristics reflect the characteristic patterns corresponding to leakage anomalies, and model matching calculations obtain the leakage anomaly type corresponding to the minimum matching error; the local leakage coefficient is obtained through inversion, and the leakage anomaly and its corresponding severity level are output.

[0047] Example 3 (High-confidence coarse localization, no secondary verification required) If the length of the candidate anomaly interval output by S6 coarse localization is less than the preset threshold, and the difference in matching error between the optimal candidate interval and the second-best candidate interval is greater than the set threshold, then skip the S7 secondary verification step and proceed directly to S8 to complete the determination and output of the anomaly type and anomaly degree.

[0048] System Operation Instructions Combination Figure 2The system block diagram shown illustrates the overall workflow of this invention: The water supply and outlet detection units collect pressure and flow rates at both ends; a water conveyance disturbance application device generates a small water conveyance disturbance; the data acquisition and path positioning module obtains the hose laying path and divides candidate sections; all data is sent to the data processing and analysis module, which sequentially executes the S1-S8 algorithms; only when the coarse positioning uncertainty is high is a movable auxiliary detection node connected to complete secondary verification; finally, the positioning result output module outputs all results. This invention eliminates the need for pre-deploying a large number of fixed sensors along the entire fire hose; baseline calibration and coarse positioning rely solely on the two detection units at the water supply and outlet ends; only when positioning uncertainty is high is a single movable auxiliary detection node temporarily deployed. The detection process does not require disassembling or cutting the fire hose, adapting to the rapid detection needs of fire scenes.

[0049] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that due to the limitations of textual expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the actual laying path of the fire hose, establish the one-dimensional position coordinates of the fire hose along the actual laying path with the water supply end as the starting point, and divide the fire hose into several candidate sections according to the preset section length and path structure characteristics. S2: Confirm that the fire hose is in normal water supply condition, apply at least two small water supply disturbances with different amplitudes to the end of the fire hose, collect dynamic response data of water supply end pressure, water outlet end pressure and water outlet flow rate, and establish a normal dynamic response baseline that is weakly correlated with the disturbance amplitude based on the dynamic response data. S3: After the fire hose enters the actual water supply operation state, at least two small water supply disturbances with different amplitudes are applied to the end of the fire hose, and dynamic response data of the water supply end and water outlet end under the operation state are collected. S4: Normalize the dynamic response data under running conditions, compare the normalized dynamic response with the normal dynamic response baseline, and obtain the dynamic deviation characteristics of the dynamic response under running conditions relative to the normal dynamic response baseline. S5: For each candidate segment, combine the path distance from the candidate segment to the water supply end and the water outlet end with the pre-built location-sensitive response model to predict the dynamic response characteristics corresponding to the assumption that a local anomaly occurs in the candidate segment. S6: Perform a matching operation between the dynamic deviation feature and the predicted dynamic response feature corresponding to each candidate segment to obtain the matching error of each candidate segment; S7: Combining the matching error of each candidate segment and the spatial continuity constraint between candidate segments, determine the candidate abnormal interval of the fire hose and output the coarse location result of the local anomaly.

2. The method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of dividing the fire hose into multiple candidate segments based on the preset segment length and path structure characteristics includes: obtaining multiple key nodes on the actual laying path of the fire hose and the position coordinates, turning angles and local bending state parameters of the corresponding key nodes; for locations that are prone to local hydraulic anomalies, such as turns, door clamping or road intersections, the location is set as the segment boundary, or the segment division density around the location is increased.

3. The method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The establishment of the normal dynamic response baseline includes: extracting the outlet pressure response amplitude, pressure recovery time, and pressure deviation time integral corresponding to each small water supply disturbance; constructing normalized dynamic response features that are independent of or weakly correlated with the disturbance amplitude based on the response ratio of disturbances of different amplitudes; and determining the normal dynamic response baseline and its normal variation range by combining the statistical results of multiple normal calibration samples. The obtaining of the dynamic deviation features of the operating state dynamic response relative to the normal dynamic response baseline includes: calculating the deviations of the steady-state pressure response relationship, pressure response amplitude relationship, pressure recovery time relationship, flow response relationship, and pressure deviation integral response relationship from the corresponding baseline features; and standardizing each deviation based on the fluctuation range of the normal calibration samples. It also includes: constructing a two-end dynamic response relationship based on the pressure response amplitude and pressure recovery time simultaneously collected from the supply and outlet ends, and incorporating the two-end dynamic response relationship into the dynamic deviation features to improve the sensitivity of the response to abnormal locations.

4. The method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The location-sensitive response model constructs a location-sensitive response mapping function based on the normalized spatial position of the candidate section center relative to the water supply end and the water outlet end, combined with the dynamic response relationship between the two ends. The location-sensitive response mapping function is established by any one or more combinations of standard water hose test calibration, historical operation data calibration, and hydraulic-flexible coupling calculation. The predicted dynamic response characteristics are determined by at least one of the following: effective flow area ratio, local flow hindrance parameter, and local leakage parameter when assuming local anomalies exist in the candidate section. Various anomalies such as local bending, folding, flattening, blockage, and leakage are uniformly transformed into disturbances in the local flow capacity and local flow state of the candidate section.

5. The method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the candidate abnormal intervals where local anomalies exist in the fire hose based on the matching error and the spatial continuity between candidate segments includes: setting a candidate segment judgment threshold, marking candidate segments with matching errors less than the judgment threshold or matching degrees greater than the matching degree threshold as abnormal candidate segments; merging abnormal candidate segments that are adjacent along the actual path coordinates of the fire hose and meet the preset spatial interval conditions to form continuous candidate abnormal intervals; calculating the interval comprehensive positioning score based on the matching error of each candidate segment within the candidate abnormal interval, and outputting the coarse anomaly positioning result based on the comprehensive positioning score.

6. The method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a secondary verification step: when the length of the candidate abnormal interval obtained by coarse positioning is greater than a preset threshold, or there are two or more candidate abnormal intervals that are difficult to distinguish by matching differences, or the positioning confidence is lower than a preset threshold, a single movable auxiliary detection node is arranged in the candidate abnormal interval, and a small water conveyance disturbance is applied to collect the dynamic response of the auxiliary detection node; the candidate abnormal interval is narrowed according to the difference in dynamic response of the candidate segments on the upstream and downstream sides of the auxiliary detection node to obtain the secondary verification positioning result; the verification position of the movable auxiliary detection node is selected from the midpoint of the candidate abnormal interval, or the position with the greatest information discrimination obtained from the matching error distribution of the candidate segments; If the narrowed candidate anomaly interval still does not meet the preset positioning accuracy, move the movable auxiliary detection node to the new verification position of the updated candidate anomaly interval, and repeat the perturbation acquisition and interval narrowing steps until the positioning accuracy is met.

7. A method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: It also includes an anomaly inversion step: based on the candidate anomaly intervals corresponding to the coarse anomaly location results or secondary verification location results, and combined with the steady-state pressure response, dual-disturbance dynamic response, and location-sensitive response characteristics of the intervals, the local anomaly types of fire hoses are identified; the anomaly types include at least one of local bending, folding, twisting, flattening, blockage, and leakage; a unified anomaly degree index is calculated based on the anomaly state parameters of the corresponding anomaly type, and the anomaly type, anomaly degree judgment result, and corresponding judgment confidence are output.

8. A system for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses, used to implement the method for locating local abnormal states of fire hoses as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The water supply end detection unit is deployed at the water supply end of the fire hose to collect pressure and / or flow data at the water supply end. The outlet detection unit is deployed at the outlet of the fire hose to collect pressure and / or flow data at the outlet. A water conveyance disturbance application device is used to apply at least two small-amplitude water conveyance disturbances of different amplitudes to the end of a fire hose. The data acquisition and path location module is used to obtain information on the actual laying path of fire hoses and to divide the candidate sections of fire hoses. The data processing and analysis module is communicatively connected to the water supply end detection unit, the water outlet end detection unit, and the data acquisition and path positioning module, respectively. It is configured to: construct a normal dynamic response baseline, calculate the dynamic deviation characteristics under the operating state, construct a location-sensitive response model and complete the predicted dynamic response feature matching calculation for each candidate section, and output the coarse location result of local anomalies in the fire hose. The location result output module is connected to the data processing and analysis module and is used to output information on the location, type, and degree of local anomalies in fire hoses.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a movable auxiliary detection node, which can be temporarily deployed within the candidate anomaly interval corresponding to the coarse positioning result. It is used to collect dynamic response data of pressure and / or flow at the deployment location, so that the data processing and analysis module can narrow down the candidate anomaly interval based on the difference in dynamic response between the upstream and downstream of the node and complete the secondary verification positioning.

10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water supply disturbance application device includes at least one of a water gun opening adjustment device, an end throttling device, and a fire pump outlet adjustment device, used to generate a small water supply disturbance without altering the fire hose connection relationship.

Images