A decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash heat extraction system and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of industrial waste heat recycling, and discloses a decoupling type desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash heat extraction system and method, which comprises a desulfurization slurry liquid taking and returning module, a negative pressure flash phase change heat exchange module, a vacuum environment maintaining and adjusting module, a clean heat source cascade utilization module, a system water balance self-regulation and control module, and a multi-parameter linkage optimization control module; the application extracts the heat in the desulfurization slurry through an independent slurry circulation loop, does not need to add any equipment in the flue gas system, and completely avoids the problems of flue resistance increase and induced draft fan energy consumption rise; meanwhile, the system only needs to be connected with the desulfurization main system by opening holes in the desulfurization tower wall, has little influence on the operation of the desulfurization main system, can be isolated for repair when the system fails, and does not affect the continuous operation of the boiler and the desulfurization system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial waste heat recovery and utilization technology, specifically relating to a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial enterprises such as coal-fired power plants, steel mills, and cement plants generate large amounts of sulfur-containing flue gas during production. Currently, limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization technology is commonly used for flue gas desulfurization. In this process, the desulfurization slurry fully contacts and exchanges heat with the flue gas inside the desulfurization tower, absorbing SO2 from the flue gas as well as a large amount of sensible and latent heat. This keeps the temperature of the desulfurization slurry typically between 45℃ and 55℃, containing abundant low-grade heat energy.

[0003] Traditional flue gas waste heat recovery technologies are mainly divided into two categories: direct recovery on the flue gas side and indirect recovery on the slurry side. Direct recovery technologies on the flue gas side include spray-based flue gas condensation waste heat recovery and heat exchanger-based flue gas condensation waste heat recovery. These technologies have the following inherent drawbacks: First, they require the addition of heat exchange equipment in the flue gas system, significantly increasing flue resistance and forcing the induced draft fan to increase its operating power, leading to an increase in plant power consumption and partially offsetting the energy-saving benefits of waste heat recovery. Second, the temperature of the heat exchanger wall is usually lower than the acid dew point of the flue gas, which easily leads to low-temperature corrosion on the equipment surface. This not only threatens the safe operation of the equipment but also requires the use of expensive special anti-corrosion materials, significantly increasing investment costs. Third, when the system malfunctions, the boiler must be shut down for maintenance, seriously affecting the company's continuous production.

[0004] The indirect recovery technology on the slurry side mainly uses a partitioned heat exchanger to directly exchange heat with the desulfurization slurry. This technology also faces many technical challenges: firstly, the desulfurization slurry has a complex composition and contains a high concentration of Cl. - SO4 2- Corrosive ions, as well as solid suspended matter such as gypsum particles and unreacted limestone particles, can easily cause electrochemical corrosion and scaling blockage in heat exchangers, leading to a sharp decline in heat exchange efficiency, high system maintenance frequency, and high costs. Secondly, the temperature of the desulfurization slurry decreases during waste heat recovery, reducing water evaporation and easily disrupting the water balance of the desulfurization tower, resulting in an increase in the liquid level and a decrease in the slurry concentration, which in turn affects the gypsum crystallization quality and desulfurization efficiency. Thirdly, when the heat exchanger becomes blocked or leaks, the desulfurization system needs to be shut down for maintenance, which will also affect the normal production of the enterprise. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of high energy consumption, easy corrosion and scaling, disruption of water balance, and need for shutdown for maintenance in the traditional desulfurization waste heat recovery technology, and to provide a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system and method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: This invention proposes a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system, comprising: The desulfurization slurry extraction and return module extracts desulfurization slurry from the desulfurization tower and sends it to the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, and sends the flashed slurry discharged from the negative pressure flash phase change heat module back to the desulfurization tower. The negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module is connected to the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, and the clean heat source cascade utilization module, respectively. It generates negative pressure steam by flash evaporation phase change of the desulfurization slurry water in the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, and transfers the heat of the negative pressure steam to the medium to be heated. The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module is connected to the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module to extract non-condensable gases inside the module in order to maintain and regulate the vacuum level inside the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module. The clean heat source cascade utilization module receives heat from the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, heats process water at different temperature levels in stages, and then outputs it to the boiler feedwater system. The system water balance self-regulation module is connected to the desulfurization tower, the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module and the clean heat source cascade utilization module respectively. It monitors the liquid level of the desulfurization tower and the system water production, and adjusts the flash evaporation intensity to maintain the water balance of the desulfurization tower. The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module is connected to the desulfurization slurry liquid intake and return module, the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, the clean heat source cascade utilization module, and the system water balance self-regulation module, respectively. It collects the operating parameters of each module and sends control commands to each module.

[0007] Preferably, the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module includes an extraction branch pipe, an extraction pump, a slurry distributor, a return branch pipe, a return pump, and a slurry mixer; One end of the liquid intake branch pipe is connected to the upper side wall of the desulfurization tower, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid intake pump; the outlet of the liquid intake pump is connected to the inlet of the slurry distributor, and the outlet of the slurry distributor is connected to the slurry inlet of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module; one end of the liquid return branch pipe is connected to the slurry outlet of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid return pump; the outlet of the liquid return pump is connected to the inlet of the slurry mixer, and the outlet of the slurry mixer is connected to the inlet of the desulfurization tower spray layer.

[0008] Preferably, the negative pressure flash phase change heat module includes a vacuum shell, multiple independent evaporation units, a steam collection chamber, a condensation heat exchange unit, and a condensate collection chamber; The vacuum shell is internally divided into a lower evaporation zone and an upper steam condensation zone. Multiple independent evaporation units are arranged in parallel within the evaporation zone. Each evaporation unit includes a slurry distributor, a flash chamber, and a gas-liquid separator. The slurry distributor is located at the top of the flash chamber, and the gas-liquid separator is located at the top outlet of the flash chamber. The steam collection chamber is located between the evaporation zone and the steam condensation zone, and is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separator of each evaporation unit. The condensation heat exchange unit is located within the steam condensation zone and includes multiple sets of parallel heat exchange tube bundles. The inlet and outlet of the heat exchange tube bundles are respectively connected to the clean heat source cascade utilization module. The condensate collection chamber is located at the bottom of the steam condensation zone.

[0009] Preferably, in the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, the flash steam production is calculated using the following formula:

[0010] in, This refers to the amount of flash steam produced per unit time. The flow rate of desulfurized slurry entering the flash chamber per unit time; The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the desulfurization slurry; The temperature of the desulfurization slurry entering the flash chamber; The temperature of the desulfurization slurry after flash evaporation; This corresponds to the latent heat of vaporization of water under flash pressure.

[0011] Preferably, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module includes a water ring vacuum pump, a vacuum regulating valve, a vacuum buffer tank, a pressure sensor, and a vacuum degree controller; The suction port of the water ring vacuum pump is connected to the top of the steam condensation zone of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module through a vacuum pipe; the vacuum regulating valve is installed on the suction pipe of the water ring vacuum pump; the vacuum buffer tank is installed between the vacuum regulating valve and the water ring vacuum pump; the pressure sensor is installed in the steam collection chamber of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module; and the vacuum controller is electrically connected to both the pressure sensor and the vacuum regulating valve.

[0012] Preferably, the clean heat source cascade utilization module includes a raw water preheating unit, a demineralized water heating unit, a hot water storage tank, and a water supply pump; The cold water inlet of the raw water preheating unit is connected to the raw water supply pipeline, and the hot water outlet is connected to the first inlet of the hot water storage tank; the cold water inlet of the demineralized water heating unit is connected to the demineralized water supply pipeline, and the hot water outlet is connected to the second inlet of the hot water storage tank; the inlet of the water supply pump is connected to the outlet of the hot water storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the boiler makeup water system.

[0013] Preferably, the system water balance self-regulation module includes a liquid level sensor, a flow sensor, a water production calculation unit, and a flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit; The liquid level sensor is installed in the slurry pool of the desulfurization tower; the flow sensor is installed on the outlet pipe of the condensate collection chamber; the water production calculation unit is connected to the flow sensor; and the flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit is electrically connected to the liquid level sensor, the water production calculation unit, and the multi-parameter linkage optimization control module.

[0014] Preferably, in the system water balance self-regulation module, the water balance of the desulfurization tower satisfies the following relationship:

[0015] in, The amount of makeup water entering the desulfurization tower per unit time; The amount of water entering the desulfurization tower with the flue gas per unit time; The amount of water carried by the gypsum slurry discharged from the desulfurization tower per unit time; This represents the amount of water evaporated from the desulfurization tower per unit time. This refers to the amount of water extracted from the desulfurization slurry per unit time through the negative pressure flash evaporation system.

[0016] Preferably, the multi-parameter linkage optimization control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a control strategy generation unit, and an execution unit; The data acquisition unit is connected to sensors in various parts of the system; the data processing unit is connected to the data acquisition unit; the control strategy generation unit is connected to the data processing unit and has a built-in desulfurization efficiency prediction model and waste heat recovery optimization model; the execution unit is connected to the control strategy generation unit and the execution mechanisms of various devices in the system.

[0017] The present invention proposes an extraction method for a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system, comprising the following steps: The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module is activated to evacuate the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, so that the vacuum level inside the negative pressure flash phase change heat module reaches the set value. Desulfurization slurry is drawn from the desulfurization tower and sent to the negative pressure flash phase change heat module. The desulfurization slurry undergoes flash phase change under negative pressure to generate negative pressure steam and flash slurry. The negative pressure steam is sent to the clean heat source cascade utilization module and the flash slurry is sent back to the desulfurization tower. The clean heat source cascade utilization module receives the heat from the negative pressure steam, and then heats the process water at different temperature levels before sending it to the boiler feedwater system. The system water balance self-regulation module monitors the desulfurization tower liquid level and system water production, and adjusts the flash evaporation intensity according to the desulfurization tower liquid level and system water production to maintain the desulfurization tower water balance. The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module collects the operating parameters of the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, the clean heat source cascade utilization module, and the system water balance self-regulation module. Based on the collected operating parameters, it sends control commands to each module to dynamically match the waste heat supply and boiler makeup water heating needs.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention proposes a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system. The system relies on a desulfurization slurry intake and return module to establish an independent slurry circulation path. Slurry is drawn and delivered through openings in the desulfurization tower wall, eliminating the need for heat exchange equipment in the flue gas system. This avoids increasing flue gas resistance and induced draft fan power consumption, while also mitigating the problem of low-temperature acid corrosion in the flue gas. Furthermore, the entire system can be isolated for maintenance, ensuring continuous production without shutting down the boiler and main desulfurization system in case of failure. The system employs a negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat exchange module to achieve media isolation heat exchange. The desulfurization slurry generates clean negative pressure steam only in the flash evaporation chamber, with only pure steam contacting the heat exchange surface. Corrosive slurry does not directly contact the heat exchange components, eliminating electrochemical corrosion and gypsum particle scaling and blockage problems in the heat exchanger. A system water balance self-regulation module is installed to monitor the desulfurization tower liquid level and flash evaporation water output in real time, automatically adjusting the flash evaporation intensity to match the water volume disturbance caused by reduced flue gas evaporation water, stabilizing the desulfurization tower liquid level and slurry concentration, and ensuring gypsum crystallization quality and desulfurization efficiency. The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module coordinates the operating parameters of all modules, and works in conjunction with the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module and the clean heat source cascade utilization module to stabilize the negative pressure and heating conditions. While recovering the low-grade waste heat of the slurry, it also ensures the stable operation of the desulfurization system, overcoming the drawbacks of traditional flue gas and slurry side waste heat recovery technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: Please see Figure 1-2 This invention provides a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system, including a desulfurization slurry liquid extraction and return module, a negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module, a vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, a clean heat source cascade utilization module, a system water balance self-regulation module, and a multi-parameter linkage optimization control module.

[0028] The desulfurization slurry extraction and return module is connected to the desulfurization tower and is used to extract high-temperature desulfurization slurry from the tower and return the flash-evaporated low-temperature slurry to the tower, thus achieving heat recovery through slurry circulation. The desulfurization slurry extraction and return module includes an extraction branch pipe, an extraction pump, a slurry distributor, a return branch pipe, a return pump, and a slurry mixer.

[0029] One end of the liquid intake branch pipe is connected to the upper-middle side wall of the desulfurization tower. At this location, the desulfurization slurry has undergone sufficient heat exchange with the flue gas, resulting in a higher temperature and better heat extraction. The liquid intake branch pipe is equipped with a shut-off valve and a regulating valve to control the liquid intake flow rate and to cut off the slurry passage during system maintenance. The other end of the liquid intake branch pipe is connected to the inlet of the liquid intake pump, which is a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump capable of withstanding the high solids content and corrosive environment of the desulfurization slurry.

[0030] The outlet of the liquid pump is connected to the inlet of the slurry distributor, and the outlet of the slurry distributor is connected to the slurry inlet of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module. The slurry distributor is equipped with multiple guide plates and distribution holes, which can evenly distribute the high-temperature desulfurization slurry to each evaporation unit of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, ensuring uniform load on each evaporation unit and improving the overall heat exchange efficiency.

[0031] One end of the return liquid branch pipe is connected to the slurry outlet of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the return liquid pump. The return liquid branch pipe is equipped with a flow sensor and a temperature sensor to monitor the flow rate and temperature of the returned liquid in real time. The return liquid pump is also a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump, whose head is capable of overcoming pipeline resistance and pressure within the desulfurization tower, smoothly delivering the low-temperature concentrated slurry back to the spray layer of the desulfurization tower.

[0032] The outlet of the return pump is connected to the inlet of the slurry mixer, and the outlet of the slurry mixer is connected to the inlet of the spray layer of the desulfurization tower. The slurry mixer is a static mixer with a spiral mixing element inside, which can fully mix the low-temperature concentrated slurry after flash evaporation with the original slurry sent by the desulfurization tower circulation pump, so that the temperature of the slurry entering the spray layer is uniform and the desulfurization effect is avoided due to local low temperature.

[0033] The negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module is connected to the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, and the clean heat source cascade utilization module. It is used to induce a flash phase change in the water content of the desulfurization slurry under negative pressure, generating pure negative pressure steam, and transferring the heat of the steam to the medium to be heated. The negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module includes a vacuum shell, multiple independent evaporation units, a steam collection chamber, a condensation heat exchange unit, and a condensate collection chamber.

[0034] The vacuum shell is a horizontal cylindrical sealed pressure vessel made of carbon steel lined with corrosion-resistant material, capable of withstanding negative pressure and a certain amount of positive pressure during system operation. Removable end caps are provided at both ends of the vacuum shell for easy installation and maintenance of internal equipment. The internal space of the vacuum shell is divided into a lower evaporation zone and an upper steam condensation zone by a partition. Multiple steam channels are provided on the partition to allow steam generated in the evaporation zone to enter the steam condensation zone.

[0035] Multiple independent evaporation units are arranged in parallel within the evaporation zone. Each evaporation unit includes a slurry distributor, a flash chamber, and a gas-liquid separator. The slurry distributor, located at the top of the flash chamber, employs a spray-type structure to evenly spray the high-temperature desulfurization slurry into the flash chamber as fine droplets, increasing the evaporation area and improving flash evaporation efficiency. The flash chamber is a cylindrical cavity with internal baffles to extend the residence time of the slurry within, ensuring a more complete flash evaporation process. The gas-liquid separator, located at the top outlet of the flash chamber, uses a wire mesh demister structure to effectively separate slurry droplets carried in the flash-generated steam, preventing slurry from entering the condensation heat exchange unit and causing contamination and corrosion.

[0036] The steam collection chamber is located above the partition between the evaporation zone and the steam condensation zone, and is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separator of each evaporation unit. The large volume of the steam collection chamber helps to stabilize the steam pressure, making the steam flow and pressure entering the condensation heat exchange unit more uniform.

[0037] The condensation heat exchange unit is located within the steam condensation zone and comprises multiple sets of parallel heat exchange tube bundles. These tube bundles are made of stainless steel, offering excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. The inlet of each tube bundle is connected via a pipe to the cold water outlet of the clean heat source cascade utilization module, while the outlet is connected via a pipe to the hot water inlet of the same module. Negative-pressure steam condenses and releases heat on the outer wall of the tube bundles, transferring this heat to the process water flowing inside the tubes.

[0038] The condensate collection chamber is located at the bottom of the steam condensation zone and has an inclined trough-shaped structure to facilitate the collection and discharge of condensate. A condensate outlet is located at the bottom of the condensate collection chamber and is connected to the system's water balance self-regulation module via a pipe.

[0039] In the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, the flash steam production is closely related to the slurry flow rate entering the flash chamber, the slurry temperature change, and the latent heat of vaporization of water, and can be accurately calculated using the following formula:

[0040] in: This refers to the amount of flash steam produced per unit time. The flow rate of desulfurized slurry entering the flash chamber per unit time; The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the desulfurization slurry; The temperature of the desulfurization slurry entering the flash chamber; The temperature of the desulfurization slurry after flash evaporation; This formula represents the latent heat of vaporization of water at the corresponding flash pressure. It provides a crucial theoretical basis for system design and operation regulation. By controlling the slurry flow rate entering the flash chamber and the system vacuum, the flash steam production can be precisely adjusted to meet different heating demands.

[0041] The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module is connected to the negative pressure flash phase change heat module to maintain the vacuum level inside the negative pressure flash phase change heat module and dynamically adjust the vacuum level according to the system operating conditions. The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module includes a water ring vacuum pump, a vacuum regulating valve, a vacuum buffer tank, a pressure sensor, and a vacuum controller.

[0042] The suction port of the water ring vacuum pump is connected to the top of the vapor condensation zone of the negative pressure flash phase change heat transfer module via a vacuum pipeline, while the exhaust port is connected to the atmosphere or a gas-liquid separator. The water ring vacuum pump has advantages such as simple structure, reliable operation, and the ability to pump gases containing small amounts of water vapor, making it ideal for maintaining the vacuum in this system.

[0043] The vacuum regulating valve is installed on the suction pipe of the water ring vacuum pump. It is an electric regulating valve that can precisely adjust the valve opening according to the control signal, thereby adjusting the suction volume.

[0044] The vacuum buffer tank is a vertical cylindrical sealed container located between the vacuum regulating valve and the water ring vacuum pump. The vacuum buffer tank can store a certain amount of gas, serving as a buffer and pressure stabilizer, reducing vacuum fluctuations caused by suction pulsations in the water ring vacuum pump or changes in system load.

[0045] The pressure sensor is installed in the steam collection chamber of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module. It adopts a high-precision vacuum pressure sensor, which can detect the vacuum degree of the system in real time and accurately.

[0046] The vacuum controller is electrically connected to both the pressure sensor and the vacuum regulating valve. It incorporates a PID control algorithm that compares the actual vacuum level detected by the pressure sensor with the set value, calculates the deviation, and outputs a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening of the vacuum regulating valve based on the deviation. When the actual vacuum level is higher than the set value, the vacuum regulating valve is closed to reduce the intake air volume; when the actual vacuum level is lower than the set value, the vacuum regulating valve is opened to increase the intake air volume, thereby stabilizing the system vacuum level within the set range.

[0047] The clean heat source cascade utilization module is connected to the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module to utilize the heat of negative pressure steam to heat process water at different temperature levels in stages, achieving efficient cascade utilization of thermal energy. The clean heat source cascade utilization module includes a raw water preheating unit, a demineralized water heating unit, a hot water storage tank, and a water supply pump.

[0048] The raw water preheating unit is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Its shell-side inlet is connected to the steam outlet of the negative pressure flash phase change heat exchange module, and its shell-side outlet is connected to the condensate collection chamber. The tube-side inlet is connected to the raw water supply pipeline, and its tube-side outlet is connected to the first inlet of the hot water storage tank. The raw water preheating unit uses the heat of the negative pressure steam to heat the relatively low-temperature raw water from its initial temperature to a first set temperature, meeting the inlet water temperature requirements of the boiler raw water pretreatment system.

[0049] The demineralized water heating unit is also a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Its shell-side inlet is connected to the shell-side outlet of the raw water preheating unit, and its shell-side outlet is connected to the condensate collection chamber. Its tube-side inlet is connected to the demineralized water supply pipeline, and its tube-side outlet is connected to the second inlet of the hot water storage tank. The demineralized water heating unit utilizes the residual heat of the low-temperature steam after heat exchange in the raw water preheating unit to heat the demineralized water from its initial temperature to a second set temperature, meeting the inlet water temperature requirements of the boiler deaerator.

[0050] The hot water storage tank is a vertical cylindrical insulated tank used to store heated raw water and demineralized water. An internal water distributor ensures uniform mixing of water at different temperatures, guaranteeing a stable outlet water temperature. A drain outlet at the bottom allows for the periodic removal of sediment, while a vent at the top removes air and water vapor.

[0051] The inlet of the water supply pump is connected to the outlet of the hot water storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the boiler feedwater system. The water supply pump uses frequency conversion control, which can automatically adjust the water supply flow according to the boiler's feedwater needs to ensure the water balance of the boiler system.

[0052] The system's water balance self-regulation module is connected to the desulfurization tower, the negative pressure flash phase change heat transfer module, and the clean heat source cascade utilization module, respectively. It is used to monitor the desulfurization tower's liquid level changes and the system's water production in real time, and automatically adjust the flash evaporation intensity to maintain the desulfurization tower's water balance. The system's water balance self-regulation module includes a liquid level sensor, a flow sensor, a water production calculation unit, and a flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit.

[0053] The level sensor is installed in the slurry pool of the desulfurization tower. It is a hydrostatic level sensor that can accurately detect the slurry level in the desulfurization tower in real time. The output signal of the level sensor is connected to the flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit.

[0054] The flow sensor, an electromagnetic flow meter, is installed on the outlet pipe of the condensate collection chamber and can detect the condensate production rate of the system in real time. The output signal of the flow sensor is connected to the production rate calculation unit.

[0055] The water production calculation unit is electrically connected to the flow sensor and has a built-in data processing chip. It can calculate the condensate production and cumulative water production per unit time based on the instantaneous flow rate detected by the flow sensor, and transmit the calculation results to the flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit.

[0056] The flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit is electrically connected to the liquid level sensor, the water production calculation unit, and the multi-parameter linkage optimization control module. The flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit can change the flash evaporation intensity by adjusting the speed of the liquid extraction pump and the system vacuum degree according to changes in the desulfurization tower liquid level and the system water production. When the desulfurization tower liquid level rises, the speed of the liquid extraction pump is increased or the system vacuum degree is increased to increase the flash steam production, thereby increasing the amount of water extracted from the desulfurization slurry; when the desulfurization tower liquid level falls, the speed of the liquid extraction pump is decreased or the system vacuum degree is reduced to decrease the flash steam production, thereby reducing the amount of water extracted from the desulfurization slurry.

[0057] During system operation, the water balance of the desulfurization tower satisfies the following basic relationship:

[0058] in: The amount of makeup water entering the desulfurization tower per unit time; The amount of water entering the desulfurization tower with the flue gas per unit time; The amount of water carried by the gypsum slurry discharged from the desulfurization tower per unit time; This represents the amount of water evaporated from the desulfurization tower per unit time. This refers to the amount of water extracted from the desulfurization slurry per unit time through the negative pressure flash evaporation system.

[0059] When the system recovers waste heat, the temperature of the flue gas at the desulfurization tower outlet decreases, and its saturated moisture content decreases, resulting in a reduction in the gaseous water carried in the flue gas. The amount of water in the desulfurization tower will increase if no measures are taken, leading to a rise in the liquid level. This invention extracts a certain amount of water from the desulfurization slurry using a negative pressure flash evaporation system. ,make and The reduction in water content is basically equal, thus maintaining the water balance of the desulfurization tower and ensuring the stable operation of the desulfurization system.

[0060] The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module is connected to each of the above modules to collect system operating parameters and dynamically adjust the operating status of each module according to a preset control strategy, thereby maximizing waste heat recovery while ensuring desulfurization efficiency. The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a control strategy generation unit, and an execution unit.

[0061] The data acquisition unit is connected to temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, liquid level sensors, pH sensors, and SO2 concentration sensors located at various parts of the system. These sensors are distributed at the inlet, outlet, slurry pool, spray layer, and key locations of the waste heat recovery system of the desulfurization tower, enabling real-time acquisition of various operating parameters such as flue gas flow rate, flue gas temperature, SO2 concentration, slurry temperature, slurry pH value, slurry density, system vacuum degree, steam production, and heat supply.

[0062] The data processing unit is connected to the data acquisition unit and has built-in signal conditioning circuits and analog-to-digital converters. It can filter, amplify, and convert the acquired raw analog signals to digital signals to remove noise and interference signals and transmit them to the control strategy generation unit.

[0063] The control strategy generation unit is connected to the data processing unit, using an industrial control computer as the hardware platform. It incorporates a desulfurization efficiency prediction model and a waste heat recovery optimization model based on machine learning algorithms. The desulfurization efficiency prediction model can predict the trend of desulfurization efficiency changes based on real-time collected flue gas parameters, slurry parameters, and system operating parameters. The waste heat recovery optimization model uses maximizing waste heat recovery as the objective function, with the constraint that the desulfurization efficiency is not lower than a set value, and solves for the optimal combination of system operating parameters, including liquid flow rate, system vacuum degree, and heating flow rate.

[0064] The execution unit is connected to the control strategy generation unit and the actuators of various devices in the system, including the frequency converters of the liquid intake pump, the return pump, and the water ring vacuum pump, the actuators of the vacuum regulating valve, and the actuators of various electric valves. The execution unit can precisely adjust the operating status of each device according to the control commands output by the control strategy generation unit, thereby achieving optimized system operation.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1) This invention extracts heat from the desulfurization slurry through an independent slurry circulation loop, eliminating the need to add any equipment to the flue gas system and completely avoiding the problems of increased flue resistance and increased induced draft fan energy consumption. At the same time, the system only needs to open a hole in the desulfurization tower wall to connect with the main desulfurization system, which has almost no impact on the operation of the main desulfurization system. When the system fails, it can be isolated and repaired separately without affecting the continuous operation of the boiler and the desulfurization system.

[0066] 2) This invention employs negative pressure flash phase change heat transfer technology, achieving physical isolation between the heat exchange medium and the highly corrosive, high-solids-content desulfurization slurry through an indirect heat exchange path of slurry-negative pressure steam-process water. The heat exchange wall surface only comes into contact with pure negative pressure steam and clean process water, fundamentally avoiding electrochemical corrosion and scaling / clogging problems, significantly improving the stability and reliability of system operation, and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0067] 3) This invention, through a system water balance self-regulation module, can monitor the changes in the desulfurization tower liquid level and the system water production in real time, and automatically adjust the flash evaporation intensity so that the amount of water extracted from the slurry during the flash evaporation process is basically equivalent to the amount of water evaporated due to the decrease in saturated moisture content after the flue gas cools down. This automatically compensates for the disturbance of the desulfurization tower water volume caused by flue gas condensation, maintains the dynamic balance of the desulfurization tower liquid level, and avoids the problems of desulfurization tower liquid level runaway and slurry concentration reduction that are easily caused by traditional waste heat recovery technology.

[0068] 4) The present invention is equipped with a clean heat source cascade utilization module, which can use the heat of negative pressure steam to heat the raw water and demineralized water in stages according to the temperature requirements of different process water, making full use of the grade difference of low-grade heat energy and improving the heat energy utilization efficiency; at the same time, the high-quality condensate generated during flash evaporation can be directly reused in the demineralized water system, further improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0069] Example 3 This invention proposes an operation method for a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module is activated to evacuate the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, so that the vacuum level inside the negative pressure flash phase change heat module reaches the set value. Desulfurization slurry is drawn from the desulfurization tower and sent to the negative pressure flash phase change heat module. The desulfurization slurry undergoes flash phase change under negative pressure to generate negative pressure steam and flash slurry. The negative pressure steam is sent to the clean heat source cascade utilization module and the flash slurry is sent back to the desulfurization tower. The clean heat source cascade utilization module receives the heat from the negative pressure steam, and then heats the process water at different temperature levels before sending it to the boiler feedwater system. The system water balance self-regulation module monitors the desulfurization tower liquid level and system water production, and adjusts the flash evaporation intensity according to the desulfurization tower liquid level and system water production to maintain the desulfurization tower water balance. The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module collects the operating parameters of the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, the clean heat source cascade utilization module, and the system water balance self-regulation module. Based on the collected operating parameters, it sends control commands to each module to dynamically match the waste heat supply and boiler makeup water heating needs.

[0070] The method is described in detail below: Step 1: System initialization and pre-vacuuming First, check that all system equipment and pipeline connections are secure and that valves are in the correct open / closed positions. Then, start the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, turn on the water ring vacuum pump, and extract air from inside the negative pressure flash phase change heat module. Once the pressure sensor detects that the system vacuum level has reached the set value, start the desulfurization slurry intake and return module, sequentially turning on the intake pump and return pump to establish a stable circulation of the desulfurization slurry between the desulfurization tower and the negative pressure flash phase change heat module.

[0071] Step 2: Negative pressure flash evaporation and heat extraction After being drawn into the slurry by the liquid extraction pump through the liquid extraction branch pipe, the high-temperature desulfurization slurry enters the slurry distributor and is evenly distributed to each evaporation unit. The desulfurization slurry is sprayed into the flash chamber in the form of fine droplets through the slurry distributor. Due to the negative pressure environment inside the flash chamber, the boiling point of water decreases, and the water in the slurry undergoes a rapid flash phase change, generating a large amount of pure negative pressure steam. During the flash evaporation process, the slurry releases its latent heat of vaporization, and its temperature decreases. The low-temperature concentrated slurry after flash evaporation falls to the bottom of the flash chamber, is drawn into the return liquid pump through the return liquid branch pipe, and is sent to the slurry mixer to be thoroughly mixed with the original slurry sent by the desulfurization tower circulation pump. It is then sent back to the spray layer of the desulfurization tower to continue countercurrent contact and heat exchange with the rising high-temperature flue gas, reabsorbing heat from the flue gas before falling into the slurry pool at the bottom of the desulfurization tower, completing one heat exchange cycle.

[0072] Step 3: Steam Condensation and Heat Utilization The negative-pressure steam generated by each evaporation unit is separated from the slurry droplets by a gas-liquid separator before entering the steam collection chamber and then rising into the steam condensation zone. In the steam condensation zone, the negative-pressure steam contacts the outer wall of the heat exchange tube bundle of the condensation heat exchange unit, releasing its latent heat of vaporization and condensing into liquid water. The process water flowing inside the tubes absorbs the heat released by the steam and its temperature rises. The heated process water first enters the raw water preheating unit, heating the raw water to a first set temperature; then it enters the demineralized water heating unit, heating the demineralized water to a second set temperature. The heated raw water and demineralized water are then stored in hot water storage tanks and finally pumped to the boiler feedwater system. The high-quality condensate falls into the condensate collection chamber and is then transported through pipelines to the demineralized water system for reuse.

[0073] Step 4: Automatic water balance regulation During system operation, a level sensor continuously monitors the slurry level in the desulfurization tower, while a flow sensor continuously monitors the condensate production rate. The condensate production calculation unit calculates the condensate production rate per unit time based on the flow sensor signal and transmits the result to the flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit. The flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit automatically calculates the required flash evaporation intensity adjustment based on the desulfurization tower level changes and the system condensate production rate, combined with the water balance formula. When the desulfurization tower level rises, the flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit outputs a control signal to increase the speed of the liquid extraction pump or increase the system vacuum, thereby increasing the flash steam production and thus increasing the amount of water extracted from the desulfurization slurry. Conversely, when the desulfurization tower level falls, the unit decreases the speed of the liquid extraction pump or decreases the system vacuum, thereby decreasing the flash steam production and thus reducing the amount of water extracted from the desulfurization slurry. Through this automatic adjustment process, the amount of water extracted by flash evaporation is balanced with the amount of water evaporated after the flue gas cools down, maintaining a stable desulfurization tower level.

[0074] Step 5: Multi-parameter linkage optimization operation The data acquisition unit of the multi-parameter linkage optimization control module collects various system operating parameters in real time, including flue gas flow rate, flue gas temperature, SO2 concentration, slurry temperature, slurry pH value, slurry density, system vacuum degree, steam production, and heat supply. The data processing unit preprocesses the collected raw data and transmits it to the control strategy generation unit. The control strategy generation unit first calls the desulfurization efficiency prediction model to predict the trend of desulfurization efficiency based on real-time operating parameters. If the predicted desulfurization efficiency is lower than the set value, the waste heat recovery load is reduced, the liquid intake flow rate is decreased, or the system vacuum degree is lowered, and the desulfurization slurry temperature is increased to improve desulfurization efficiency. If the predicted desulfurization efficiency is higher than the set value with a certain margin, the waste heat recovery load is increased, the liquid intake flow rate is increased, or the system vacuum degree is increased to maximize the recovery of flue gas waste heat. Simultaneously, the control strategy generation unit calls the waste heat recovery optimization model, with the goal of maximizing waste heat recovery, to optimize and calculate the optimal combination of system operating parameters. The execution unit then adjusts the operating status of each device to achieve optimized system operation.

[0075] Step 6: System Shutdown and Maintenance When the system needs to be shut down, first turn off the liquid extraction pump to stop supplying desulfurization slurry to the negative pressure flash phase change heat module. Then close the vacuum regulating valve to stop vacuuming. After the system vacuum gradually drops to atmospheric pressure, turn off the return pump and the water ring vacuum pump. Finally, open the drain valves of all parts of the system to drain the residual slurry and condensate in the pipes and equipment, and flush the system with clean water to prevent slurry deposition and scaling. During system shutdown, the operating status of each piece of equipment should be checked regularly, and worn and corroded parts should be replaced in a timely manner to ensure that the system can operate normally upon the next startup.

[0076] Therefore, the innovations of this invention are as follows: the integrated design of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module and the desulfurization slurry circulation system enables efficient extraction of waste heat from high-temperature desulfurization slurry; the indirect heat exchange and cascade utilization scheme between negative pressure steam and process water to be heated converts waste heat into process water heat energy and delivers it to the boiler feedwater system; the automatic water balance control mechanism based on real-time monitoring of desulfurization tower liquid level and system water production maintains system water balance by adjusting flash intensity; and the multi-parameter linkage optimization operation algorithm dynamically adjusts the system state to maximize waste heat recovery while ensuring desulfurization efficiency.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system, characterized in that, include: The desulfurization slurry extraction and return module extracts desulfurization slurry from the desulfurization tower and sends it to the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, and sends the flashed slurry discharged from the negative pressure flash phase change heat module back to the desulfurization tower. The negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module is connected to the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, and the clean heat source cascade utilization module, respectively. It generates negative pressure steam by flash evaporation phase change of the desulfurization slurry water in the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, and transfers the heat of the negative pressure steam to the medium to be heated. The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module is connected to the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module to extract non-condensable gases inside the module in order to maintain and regulate the vacuum level inside the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module. The clean heat source cascade utilization module receives heat from the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, heats process water at different temperature levels in stages, and then outputs it to the boiler feedwater system. The system water balance self-regulation module is connected to the desulfurization tower, the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module and the clean heat source cascade utilization module respectively. It monitors the liquid level of the desulfurization tower and the system water production, and adjusts the flash evaporation intensity to maintain the water balance of the desulfurization tower. The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module is connected to the desulfurization slurry liquid intake and return module, the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, the clean heat source cascade utilization module, and the system water balance self-regulation module, respectively. It collects the operating parameters of each module and sends control commands to each module.

2. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The desulfurization slurry extraction and return module includes an extraction branch pipe, an extraction pump, a slurry distributor, a return branch pipe, a return pump, and a slurry mixer. One end of the liquid intake branch pipe is connected to the upper side wall of the desulfurization tower, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid intake pump; the outlet of the liquid intake pump is connected to the inlet of the slurry distributor, and the outlet of the slurry distributor is connected to the slurry inlet of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module; one end of the liquid return branch pipe is connected to the slurry outlet of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid return pump; the outlet of the liquid return pump is connected to the inlet of the slurry mixer, and the outlet of the slurry mixer is connected to the inlet of the desulfurization tower spray layer.

3. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure flash phase change heat module includes a vacuum shell, multiple independent evaporation units, a steam collection chamber, a condensation heat exchange unit, and a condensate collection chamber. The vacuum shell is internally divided into a lower evaporation zone and an upper steam condensation zone. Multiple independent evaporation units are arranged in parallel within the evaporation zone. Each evaporation unit includes a slurry distributor, a flash chamber, and a gas-liquid separator. The slurry distributor is located at the top of the flash chamber, and the gas-liquid separator is located at the top outlet of the flash chamber. The steam collection chamber is located between the evaporation zone and the steam condensation zone, and is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separator of each evaporation unit. The condensation heat exchange unit is located within the steam condensation zone and includes multiple sets of parallel heat exchange tube bundles. The inlet and outlet of the heat exchange tube bundles are respectively connected to the clean heat source cascade utilization module. The condensate collection chamber is located at the bottom of the steam condensation zone.

4. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, the flash steam production rate is calculated using the following formula: in, This refers to the amount of flash steam produced per unit time. The flow rate of desulfurized slurry entering the flash chamber per unit time; The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the desulfurization slurry; The temperature of the desulfurization slurry entering the flash chamber; The temperature of the desulfurization slurry after flash evaporation; This corresponds to the latent heat of vaporization of water under flash pressure.

5. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module includes a water ring vacuum pump, a vacuum regulating valve, a vacuum buffer tank, a pressure sensor, and a vacuum controller. The suction port of the water ring vacuum pump is connected to the top of the steam condensation zone of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module through a vacuum pipe; the vacuum regulating valve is installed on the suction pipe of the water ring vacuum pump; the vacuum buffer tank is installed between the vacuum regulating valve and the water ring vacuum pump; the pressure sensor is installed in the steam collection chamber of the negative pressure flash phase change heat module; and the vacuum controller is electrically connected to both the pressure sensor and the vacuum regulating valve.

6. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clean heat source cascade utilization module includes a raw water preheating unit, a demineralized water heating unit, a hot water storage tank, and a water supply pump; The cold water inlet of the raw water preheating unit is connected to the raw water supply pipeline, and the hot water outlet is connected to the first inlet of the hot water storage tank; the cold water inlet of the demineralized water heating unit is connected to the demineralized water supply pipeline, and the hot water outlet is connected to the second inlet of the hot water storage tank; the inlet of the water supply pump is connected to the outlet of the hot water storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the boiler makeup water system.

7. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system's water balance self-regulation module includes a liquid level sensor, a flow sensor, a water production calculation unit, and a flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit. The liquid level sensor is installed in the slurry pool of the desulfurization tower; the flow sensor is installed on the outlet pipe of the condensate collection chamber; the water production calculation unit is connected to the flow sensor; and the flash evaporation intensity adjustment unit is electrically connected to the liquid level sensor, the water production calculation unit, and the multi-parameter linkage optimization control module.

8. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the system's self-regulating water balance module, the water balance of the desulfurization tower satisfies the following relationship: in, The amount of makeup water entering the desulfurization tower per unit time; The amount of water entering the desulfurization tower with the flue gas per unit time; The amount of water carried by the gypsum slurry discharged from the desulfurization tower per unit time; This represents the amount of water evaporated from the desulfurization tower per unit time. This refers to the amount of water extracted from the desulfurization slurry per unit time through the negative pressure flash evaporation system.

9. The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a control strategy generation unit, and an execution unit; The data acquisition unit is connected to sensors in various parts of the system; the data processing unit is connected to the data acquisition unit; the control strategy generation unit is connected to the data processing unit and has a built-in desulfurization efficiency prediction model and waste heat recovery optimization model; the execution unit is connected to the control strategy generation unit and the execution mechanisms of various devices in the system.

10. An extraction method for a decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system, characterized in that, The decoupled desulfurization slurry negative pressure flash evaporation waste heat extraction system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes the following steps: The vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module is activated to evacuate the negative pressure flash phase change heat module, so that the vacuum level inside the negative pressure flash phase change heat module reaches the set value. Desulfurization slurry is drawn from the desulfurization tower and sent to the negative pressure flash phase change heat module. The desulfurization slurry undergoes flash phase change under negative pressure to generate negative pressure steam and flash slurry. The negative pressure steam is sent to the clean heat source cascade utilization module and the flash slurry is sent back to the desulfurization tower. The clean heat source cascade utilization module receives the heat from the negative pressure steam, and then heats the process water at different temperature levels before sending it to the boiler feedwater system. The system water balance self-regulation module monitors the desulfurization tower liquid level and system water production, and adjusts the flash evaporation intensity according to the desulfurization tower liquid level and system water production to maintain the desulfurization tower water balance. The multi-parameter linkage optimization control module collects the operating parameters of the desulfurization slurry extraction and return module, the negative pressure flash evaporation phase change heat transfer module, the vacuum environment maintenance and regulation module, the clean heat source cascade utilization module, and the system water balance self-regulation module. Based on the collected operating parameters, it sends control commands to each module to dynamically match the waste heat supply and boiler makeup water heating needs.

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