A multi-stage filtering device for efficient separation of waste incineration leachate

Abstract

The present application relates to wastewater filtration treatment technical field, specifically said is a kind of garbage incineration percolate efficient separation multistage filter device, including vertical tank body, and the rough filter grating of horizontal arrangement is fixedly connected in tank body;Vertical center shaft is rotatably assembled in tank body, the upper end of shaft penetrates tank body and is rotatably connected with liquid inlet adapter, and fixedly connected with the spray bar of being located above rough filter grating on shaft, a plurality of groups of spray branch pipes are arranged on spray bar, and the liquid inlet flow channel that is communicated with liquid inlet adapter and spray branch pipe is arranged in shaft;Roller pressure slag removal assembly for cleaning the impurities on the surface of rough filter grating is fixedly connected on the upper portion of shaft;By adopting the parallel design of multiple groups of inner and outer filter cartridges, single group of filter cartridges can independently complete the identification of blockage, water interruption cleaning and reset operation, the self-cleaning process does not affect the normal filtration of other filter cartridges, realizes the uninterrupted treatment of garbage incineration percolate, solves the industry problem that traditional device needs to stop cleaning and leads to processing interruption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater filtration and treatment technology, specifically to a multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of leachate from waste incineration. Background Technology

[0002] Leachate from waste incineration is a high-concentration organic wastewater generated during waste incineration. It has a complex composition, high pollutant content, and large fluctuations in water quality. Its efficient treatment is a key link for the waste-to-energy industry to achieve environmental protection emission standards. Currently, the industry generally uses a two-stage filtration structure to pretreat leachate from waste incineration. Figure 12 As shown): The first-stage filtration is coarse filtration, mainly used to intercept large-diameter solid particles, suspended matter and other large-diameter impurities in the leachate; the second-stage filtration is fine filtration, which further removes tiny particles and colloidal substances from the leachate, achieving preliminary purification of the leachate. However, existing secondary filtration devices have significant drawbacks in practical applications, severely restricting the efficiency and continuity of leachate treatment. Firstly, the filtration devices are prone to clogging and require shutdown for cleaning. Because waste incineration leachate contains a large amount of easily deposited and adherent impurities, the fine filtration units are easily clogged during long-term operation. Once clogging occurs, the existing devices require complete shutdown and disassembly for cleaning. This disassembly process is cumbersome and time-consuming, directly causing interruptions in leachate treatment and preventing uninterrupted operation, severely impacting the continuous operation of the overall wastewater treatment system. Secondly, the interoperability of the filtration units is poor. Existing secondary filtration systems often employ single-unit or fixed-combination unit structures for the secondary fine filtration. When one filtration unit becomes clogged and requires cleaning, the entire secondary filtration system often needs to be suspended. This prevents independent maintenance of individual units without affecting the normal operation of other units, further reducing the overall efficiency of leachate filtration and increasing maintenance costs and downtime losses. Therefore, a multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of waste incineration leachate is proposed to achieve uninterrupted leachate treatment, effectively improve filtration efficiency, shorten maintenance time, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of leachate from waste incineration, enabling uninterrupted leachate treatment, effectively improving filtration efficiency, shortening maintenance time, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is a multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of leachate from waste incineration, including a vertical tank, with a horizontally arranged coarse filter grid fixed inside the tank; a vertical central shaft is rotatably mounted inside the tank, with the upper end of the shaft passing through the tank and rotatably connected to an inlet adapter; a spray bar located above the coarse filter grid is fixedly connected to the shaft, and the spray bar is provided with several sets of spray branch pipes; an inlet flow channel communicating with the inlet adapter and the spray branch pipes is provided inside the shaft; and a roller pressing slag cleaning assembly for cleaning impurities on the surface of the coarse filter grid is fixedly connected to the upper part of the shaft. A mounting plate is fixedly attached to the tank body below the coarse filter grid. The mounting plate has multiple sets of evenly distributed circumferential mounting holes. A vertical outer filter cartridge is fixedly attached to the mounting holes. An inner filter cartridge is rotatably fitted inside the outer filter cartridge. In the initial state, the outer filter holes on the outer filter cartridge and the inner filter holes on the inner filter cartridge coincide. The inner filter cartridge is equipped with a self-cleaning component that automatically opens to clean the inner filter cartridge according to the liquid level. The tank body is equipped with a drive device that drives the central rotating shaft to rotate. The lower end of the tank body is equipped with a main drain pipe for discharging the filtered liquid.

[0005] Specifically, the self-cleaning component includes a reciprocating screw vertically installed inside the inner filter cartridge. The upper end of the reciprocating screw is fixedly connected to a splined shaft, and the upper end of the splined shaft is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the coarse filter grid. A rotating ring is threadedly connected to the upper end of the reciprocating screw. A cleaning ring is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating ring through several sets of support rods. The cleaning ring is in contact with the inner wall of the inner filter cartridge by compression. The inner wall of the inner filter cartridge is provided with a vertically installed limiting groove, and the outer side of the cleaning ring is provided with a limiting block corresponding to the limiting groove. A vertically positioned float is located above the inner filter cylinder. The lower end of the float is initially in contact with the upper part of the support rod. A support ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the float. The support ring has a spline groove that slides with the spline shaft. A first toothed ring is installed on the outside of the support ring. After the float floats up, the first toothed ring is driven by the shaft through a transmission structure.

[0006] Specifically, the transmission structure includes a locking tongue fixedly connected to the upper end face of the support ring, a horizontally set positioning plate fixedly connected to the upper part of the spline shaft, and a pressing self-locking buckle corresponding to the locking tongue on the lower surface of the positioning plate. After the float rises, the locking tongue locks with the pressing self-locking buckle. After the cleaning ring is cleaned, it rises and presses the pressing self-locking buckle to unlock. The lower end of the rotating shaft passes through the mounting plate and is rotatably connected to the mounting plate. A fixed ring is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The outer side of the fixed ring is fixedly connected to the second toothed ring through several sets of connecting rods. After the float floats up, the first toothed ring and the second toothed ring mesh and drive each other. The upper inner wall of the outer filter cylinder is provided with a mounting groove. A torsion spring that is fixedly connected to the inner filter cylinder is fixedly connected in the mounting groove.

[0007] Specifically, a support base is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner filter cartridge, and a drain branch pipe communicating with the inside of the inner filter cartridge is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support base. A press valve is installed in the drain branch pipe. The valve stem of the press valve passes through the support base and is located inside the inner filter cartridge. After the cleaning ring moves down, it squeezes and contacts the upper end of the valve stem.

[0008] Specifically, the roller pressing and slag cleaning assembly includes a horizontally arranged drive roller, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the spray bar. One end of the drive roller shaft is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft has a slag discharge channel inside, and the upper end of the rotating shaft has a slag inlet hole that communicates with the slag discharge channel. The slag inlet hole has a horizontally arranged spiral cleaning plate, which is coaxially connected to the drive roller.

[0009] Specifically, a mounting rod is provided on the side of the drive roller away from the spray bar. Several sets of L-shaped scrapers are provided on the mounting rod. The end of the scraper away from the mounting rod contacts the upper surface of the coarse filter screen. A mounting seat is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The mounting rod is located inside the mounting seat and is axially slidably connected to the mounting seat. A return spring is fixedly connected between the mounting seat and the mounting rod. Several sets of circumferentially distributed first wedge-shaped extrusion blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank, and a second wedge-shaped extrusion block that is in extrusion contact with the first wedge-shaped extrusion blocks is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting rod away from the rotating shaft.

[0010] Specifically, the mounting plate has a slot in the middle, and several sets of through-hole spare filter holes are provided in the slot. A sleeve is provided in the slot. The lower end of the sleeve is initially engaged with the slot and closes the spare filter holes. A floating plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sleeve. A polygonal locking block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the floating plate. The lower end of the rotating shaft passes through the polygonal locking block, the floating plate and the sleeve in sequence and is slidably connected to the polygonal locking block, the floating plate and the sleeve. An installation ring is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. A polygonal slot is provided on the lower surface of the installation ring. The casing has several sets of vertically arranged cleaning plates inside, and several sets of sliding grooves on the inner side of the casing. One end of the cleaning plate is located in the sliding groove and is slidably connected to the sliding groove. The upper end of the cleaning plate is provided with a limiting plate that is fixedly connected to the casing. A compression spring is fixedly connected between the limiting plate and the cleaning plate.

[0011] Specifically, the tank is equipped with a slag discharge shell, the lower end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the upper end of the slag discharge shell, and the slag discharge channel of the rotating shaft is connected to the inside of the slag discharge shell; the end of the liquid discharge branch pipe away from the support base is connected to the inside of the slag discharge shell; the lower surface of the slag discharge shell is connected to a vertically installed discharge pipe, and the lower end of the discharge pipe passes through the tank.

[0012] Specifically, the driving device includes a drive motor mounted on the upper surface of the tank, a drive gear fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor, and a transmission gear meshing with the drive gear at the upper end of the rotating shaft.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of waste incineration leachate described in this invention adopts a parallel design of multiple sets of inner and outer filter cartridges. Each set of filter cartridges can independently complete the tasks of blockage identification, water cut-off cleaning and resetting. The self-cleaning process does not affect the normal filtration of other filter cartridges, thereby realizing uninterrupted treatment of waste incineration leachate and solving the industry problem of interrupted treatment caused by the need to stop the machine for cleaning in traditional devices.

[0014] (2) The multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of waste incineration leachate described in this invention relies on a backup filtration structure. When all inner filter cartridges enter the cleaning state at the same time, the rise in the liquid level on the mounting plate will trigger the backup filtration structure to start. The backup filter holes are maintained by scraping the cleaning plate to prevent system overflow or interruption. After the inner filter cartridges have completed self-cleaning and the liquid level drops, the backup filtration structure automatically resets and closes, effectively avoiding the accumulation and overflow of liquid on the upper part of the mounting plate, ensuring that the device can still operate stably under extreme conditions, and improving the overall processing safety and continuity.

[0015] (3) The multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of waste incineration leachate described in this invention, by setting up a triple collaborative structure of roller pressing slag removal, reciprocating scraping slag and spiral conveying slag in the coarse filtration stage, can dehydrate, scrape and convey the waste residue on the surface of the coarse filter grid in real time, avoid clogging of the coarse filter grid, eliminate the need for regular manual cleaning, and ensure the long-term smooth operation of the coarse filter unit.

[0016] (4) The multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of waste incineration leachate described in this invention adopts a purely mechanical liquid level triggered self-cleaning structure, which does not require electrical control sensors and external control components. It can adapt to the harsh working conditions of high impurities and high corrosion of waste incineration leachate, has strong operational stability, low failure rate, and greatly reduces the operation and maintenance cost and downtime loss of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tank body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the roller pressing and slag removal assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of region A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation disk connection structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer and inner filter cartridges of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of region B; Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the floating tube structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the casing of the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of region C; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge shell connection structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the existing technology structure; In the diagram: 1. Tank body; 2. Coarse filter screen; 3. Rotating shaft; 4. Liquid inlet adapter; 5. Spray bar; 6. Liquid inlet channel; 7. Mounting plate; 8. External filter cartridge; 9. Internal filter cartridge; 10. Drive roller; 11. Slag discharge channel; 12. Slag inlet hole; 13. Spiral cleaning plate; 14. Mounting rod; 15. Scraper; 16. Mounting base; 17. Return spring; 18. First wedge-shaped extrusion block; 19. Second wedge-shaped extrusion block; 20. Reciprocating screw; 21. Splined shaft; 22. Rotary ring; 23. Support rod; 24. Cleaning ring; 25. Limiting groove; 26. Limiting block; 27. Float cylinder; 28. Support ring; 29. ​​First toothed ring; 3 0. Locking tongue; 31. Positioning plate; 32. Press-to-lock buckle; 33. Fixing ring; 34. Connecting rod; 35. Second toothed ring; 36. Mounting groove; 37. Torsion spring; 38. Support base; 39. Drainage branch pipe; 40. Press valve; 41. Valve stem; 42. Slot; 43. Spare filter hole; 44. Housing; 45. Floating plate; 46. Polygonal locking block; 47. Mounting ring; 48. Polygonal locking groove; 49. Cleaning plate; 50. Slide groove; 51. Limiting plate; 52. Compression spring; 53. Slag discharge shell; 54. Discharge pipe; 55. Drive motor; 56. Drive gear; 57. Transmission gear; 58. Main drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] To achieve uninterrupted leachate treatment, effectively improve filtration efficiency, shorten maintenance time, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the wastewater treatment system, as one embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of leachate from waste incineration according to the present invention includes a vertical tank 1, with a horizontally arranged coarse filter plate 2 fixedly connected inside the tank 1; a vertical central rotating shaft 3 is rotatably mounted inside the tank 1, the upper end of the rotating shaft 3 passes through the tank 1 and is rotatably connected to an inlet adapter 4, a spray rod 5 located above the coarse filter plate 2 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3, the spray rod 5 is provided with several sets of spray branch pipes, and an inlet flow channel 6 is provided inside the rotating shaft 3, which communicates with the inlet adapter 4 and the spray branch pipes; a roller pressing slag cleaning assembly for cleaning impurities on the surface of the coarse filter plate 2 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the rotating shaft 3. Inside the tank body 1, below the coarse filter grid 2, there is a mounting plate 7. The mounting plate 7 has multiple sets of circumferentially distributed assembly holes. A vertical outer filter cartridge 8 is fixed inside the assembly holes. An inner filter cartridge 9 is rotatably sleeved inside the outer filter cartridge 8. In the initial state, the outer filter holes on the outer filter cartridge 8 and the inner filter holes on the inner filter cartridge 9 coincide. The inner filter cartridge 9 is equipped with a self-cleaning component that automatically opens to clean the inner filter cartridge 9 according to the liquid level. The tank body 1 is equipped with a drive device that drives the central rotating shaft 3 to rotate. The lower end of the tank body 1 is equipped with a main drain pipe 58 for discharging the filtered liquid.

[0021] In use, the liquid inlet adapter 4 is connected to the waste incineration leachate conveying pipeline. The leachate enters the liquid inlet channel 6 of the central rotating shaft 3 through the liquid inlet adapter 4, and is evenly sprayed onto the upper surface of the coarse filter plate 2 through multiple sets of spray branch pipes on the spray rod 5. The drive device is started to drive the central rotating shaft 3 to rotate. The rotating shaft 3 drives the spray rod 5 to make a circular motion, so that the leachate can fully and evenly cover the coarse filter plate 2, ensuring continuous and stable water distribution and improving the first-stage filtration effect. At the same time, the rotating shaft 3 drives the roller pressing and slag cleaning assembly to operate synchronously, and roller pressing the sprayed leachate and filter slag to achieve rapid dewatering of the filter slag and timely push the waste slag to the slag discharge position, effectively preventing the coarse filter plate 2 from clogging. The leachate undergoes primary filtration through the coarse filter screen 2, effectively trapping large particles, suspended solids, and other impurities, completing preliminary purification. The liquid after coarse filtration flows downward and falls onto the upper surface of the mounting plate 7, then evenly enters the interior of multiple sets of vertical external filter cartridges 8 and internal filter cartridges 9, achieving parallel flow distribution among multiple units, increasing the overall processing capacity, and ensuring balanced filtration pressure. In the initial state, the external filter holes of the external filter cartridge 8 and the internal filter holes of the internal filter cartridge 9 overlap and are interconnected. The liquid undergoes secondary fine filtration through the internal filter cartridge 9 and the external filter cartridge 8, further removing tiny particles and colloidal impurities, improving filtration accuracy, and ensuring the quality of the effluent. The filtered clear liquid enters the lower chamber of the tank 1 and is finally stably discharged through the main drain pipe 58, achieving continuous water output and stable operation. When the filtration efficiency of a certain set of inner filter cartridges 9 decreases and drainage is blocked due to the adhesion of impurities, the liquid level inside the inner filter cartridge 9 gradually rises. When the liquid level reaches the set height, the self-cleaning component is automatically triggered to start. No manual monitoring or operation is required. The blockage is automatically identified. The self-cleaning component first drives the inner filter cartridge 9 to rotate relative to the outer filter cartridge 8 at a certain angle, so that the inner filter holes and the outer filter holes are staggered and sealed, cutting off the filtration work of the set of inner filter cartridges 9, improving the isolation effect between impurities and water, and preventing sewage backflow during cleaning. The self-cleaning component moves downwards from the top of the inner filter cartridge 9, scraping and cleaning the inner wall of the inner filter cartridge 9 throughout the process, removing attached impurities and restoring the permeability of the inner filter cartridge 9. When the self-cleaning component moves to the bottom of the inner filter cartridge 9, the cleaned impurities and accumulated liquid are discharged from the bottom of the inner filter cartridge 9, realizing simultaneous cleaning and sewage discharge, and improving the cleaning effect. After cleaning, the self-cleaning component returns to its original position, the inner filter cartridge 9 rotates, and the inner filter holes and outer filter holes re-align and connect, and the inner filter cartridge 9 quickly restores its filtration capacity. The entire process does not require machine shutdown and does not affect the normal operation of other filter cartridges, achieving uninterrupted, efficient and stable treatment of waste incineration leachate.

[0022] To further improve cleaning performance and ensure continuous and efficient operation of the device, for example, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the present invention also includes a self-cleaning component comprising a reciprocating screw 20 vertically disposed within the inner filter cylinder 9, the upper end of the reciprocating screw 20 being fixedly connected to a spline shaft 21, the upper end of the spline shaft 21 being rotatably connected to the lower surface of the coarse filter grid plate 2, the upper end of the reciprocating screw 20 being threadedly connected to a rotating ring 22, the outer side of the rotating ring 22 being fixedly connected to a cleaning ring 24 via several sets of support rods 23, the cleaning ring 24 being in contact with the inner wall of the inner filter cylinder 9, the inner wall of the inner filter cylinder 9 being provided with a vertically disposed limiting groove 25, and the outer side of the cleaning ring 24 being provided with a limiting block 26 corresponding to the limiting groove 25; A vertically arranged float cylinder 27 is provided above the inner filter cylinder 9. The lower end of the float cylinder 27 is initially in contact with the upper part of the support rod 23. A support ring 28 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the float cylinder 27. The support ring 28 has a spline groove that is slidably connected to the spline shaft 21. A first toothed ring 29 is installed on the outside of the support ring 28. After the float cylinder 27 floats, the first toothed ring 29 is driven by the rotating shaft 3 through the transmission structure.

[0023] When the inner filter cartridge 9 becomes clogged, causing the internal liquid level to rise continuously, the liquid level will rise to a set height and drive the float 27 to move upward. When the float 27 moves upward, it will drive the support ring 28 to move upward synchronously. The support ring 28 slides upward along the spline shaft 21 through the internal spline groove to ensure smooth movement and prevent circumferential displacement. When the support ring 28 moves to the set position, the first toothed ring 29 on the outer side of the support ring 28 meshes with the transmission structure and then forms a transmission connection with the rotating shaft 3. The rotating shaft 3 drives it to rotate. When the support ring 28 rotates, it drives the spline shaft 21 to rotate synchronously through the limiting cooperation between the spline groove and the spline shaft 21. When the spline shaft 21 rotates, it drives the reciprocating screw 20 at the lower end to rotate synchronously. When the reciprocating screw 20 rotates, it drives the cleaning ring 24 and the limiting block 26 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation, the limiting block 26 drives the inner filter cylinder 9 to rotate relative to the outer filter cylinder 8, so that the inner filter hole of the inner filter cylinder 9 and the outer filter hole of the outer filter cylinder 8 are interlocked and sealed, so that the filter cylinder automatically stops filtering and avoids backflow and overflow caused by continuous water intake during the cleaning process. When the inner filter cartridge 9 rotates to the limit position and can no longer rotate, the limit block 26 and the limit groove 25 cooperate to restrict the circumferential rotation of the cleaning ring 24. The reciprocating screw 20 continues to rotate, which drives the rotating ring 22 to move vertically downward along the screw. When the rotating ring 22 moves downward, it drives the cleaning ring 24 to scrape smoothly from top to bottom along the inner wall of the inner filter cartridge 9 through the support rod 23, which completely removes the impurities attached to the inner wall, realizes automatic cleaning of the inner wall, and effectively restores the permeability and filtration efficiency of the inner filter cartridge 9. After the rotating ring 22 drives the cleaning ring 24 to move down to the lower position to complete the scraping, it moves upward along the reciprocating screw 20 to reset. During the upward movement, the inner wall can be cleaned a second time to further improve the cleaning effect. The whole process does not require manual intervention or machine shutdown. Each filter cartridge independently completes the blockage identification, automatic filtration stop, inner wall scraping and reset, without affecting the normal operation of other filter cartridges, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the device.

[0024] To further improve the continuity and automation of device operation, for example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also includes a transmission structure including a locking tongue 30 fixedly connected to the upper end face of the support ring 28, a horizontally arranged positioning plate 31 fixedly connected to the upper part of the spline shaft 21, and a pressing self-locking buckle 32 corresponding to the locking tongue 30 on the lower surface of the positioning plate 31. After the floating cylinder 27 floats up, the locking tongue 30 locks with the pressing self-locking buckle 32. After the cleaning ring 24 is cleaned, it floats up and presses the pressing self-locking buckle 32 to unlock. The lower end of the rotating shaft 3 passes through the mounting plate 7 and is rotatably connected to the mounting plate 7. A fixed ring 33 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3. The outer side of the fixed ring 33 is fixedly connected to the second toothed ring 35 through several sets of connecting rods 34. After the float 27 floats, the first toothed ring 29 meshes with the second toothed ring 35 for transmission. The upper inner wall of the outer filter cylinder 8 is provided with a mounting groove 36. A torsion spring 37 fixedly connected to the inner filter cylinder 9 is fixedly connected in the mounting groove 36.

[0025] During use, when the inner filter cartridge 9 becomes clogged and the liquid level rises, causing the float 27 to move upward, the support ring 28 moves upward simultaneously, and the locking tongue 30 inserts into the self-locking latch 32 to lock it in place, ensuring that the support ring 28 and the spline shaft 21 do not loosen or fall off during transmission, thus ensuring stable and reliable power transmission. After the float 27 moves into place, the first toothed ring 29 and the second toothed ring 35 mesh with each other, and the rotating shaft 3 drives the support ring 28 and the spline shaft 21 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the spline shaft 21, which drives the inner filter cartridge 9 to rotate, the inner filter cartridge 9 synchronously drives the torsion spring 37 to generate torsional energy, providing power for the subsequent automatic reset and rotation of the inner filter cartridge 9, without the need for an additional drive source. After the cleaning ring 24 completes the inner wall scraping, it resets upward along the reciprocating screw 20. When it moves to the set position, it squeezes the lower end of the float cylinder 27, realizing the secondary pressing and unlocking of the self-locking buckle 32, so that the support ring 28 and the float cylinder 27 are ready to fall. After the self-locking buckle 32 is unlocked, the first toothed ring 29 gradually moves down and gradually disengages from the second toothed ring 35. Under the action of the reciprocating screw 20, the cleaning ring 24 continues to move down a certain distance, and the float cylinder 27 moves down accordingly until the first toothed ring 29 and the second toothed ring 35 are completely disengaged, the power transmission ends, and the cleaning ring 24 and the spline shaft 21 stop rotating. At this time, the torsion spring 37 releases its stored force and automatically drives the inner filter cylinder 9 to rotate back and reset, so that the inner filter hole of the inner filter cylinder 9 and the outer filter hole of the outer filter cylinder 8 re-align and connect. The filter cylinder quickly returns to the filtration state. The whole process is completed automatically without manual operation or machine shutdown, further improving the continuity and automation of the device operation.

[0026] To achieve automatic switching between cleaning and sewage discharge and normal filtration, for example, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also includes a support base 38 rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner filter cylinder 9, and a drain branch pipe 39 communicating with the inside of the inner filter cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support base 38. A press valve 40 is provided in the drain branch pipe 39. The valve stem 41 of the press valve 40 passes through the support base 38 and is located inside the inner filter cylinder 9. After the cleaning ring 24 moves down, it presses and contacts the upper end of the valve stem 41.

[0027] During use, when the cleaning ring 24 moves down along the inner wall of the inner filter cylinder 9 to the lower end, the cleaning ring 24 will contact the valve stem 41 of the pressing valve 40 and squeeze the valve stem 41 downward, causing the pressing valve 40 to open automatically. The liquid accumulated inside the inner filter cylinder 9 and the mixture of impurities cleaned can be quickly discharged through the drain branch pipe 39, realizing the simultaneous discharge of accumulated liquid and waste residue, and avoiding the accumulation of sewage and impurities inside the inner filter cylinder 9. After cleaning is completed, the cleaning ring 24 moves upward along the reciprocating screw 20 to reset, no longer squeezing the valve stem 41, and the pressing valve 40 automatically resets and closes, isolating the inside of the inner filter cylinder 9 from the drain branch pipe 39. This prevents the liquid from leaking directly through the drain branch pipe 39 without fine filtration during normal filtration, ensuring a stable and reliable filtration process, realizing automatic switching between cleaning and normal filtration, and improving the safety and sealing of the device operation.

[0028] To prevent clogging of the coarse filter screen 2 and ensure the continuous and smooth operation of the coarse filtration process, for example, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also includes a roller pressing slag cleaning assembly comprising a horizontally arranged drive roller 10, the axis of the drive roller 10 being perpendicular to the axis of the spray rod 5, one end of the roller shaft of the drive roller 10 being rotatably connected to a rotating shaft 3, a slag discharge channel 11 being provided inside the rotating shaft 3, and a slag inlet hole 12 communicating with the slag discharge channel 11 being provided at the upper end of the rotating shaft 3, a horizontally arranged spiral cleaning plate 13 being provided inside the slag inlet hole 12, and the spiral cleaning plate 13 being coaxially connected to the drive roller 10.

[0029] During use, the drive device drives the central rotating shaft 3 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 3 rotates, it synchronously drives the drive roller 10 to make a circular motion around the coarse filter screen 2. During the circular motion, the drive roller 10 makes roller contact with the upper surface of the coarse filter screen 2 and rotates by relying on the roller friction. This drives the spiral cleaning plate 13, which is coaxially connected to the drive roller 10, to rotate synchronously. The spiral cleaning plate 13 stably conveys the waste residue after roller pressing towards the slag inlet hole 12, so that the waste residue can smoothly pass through the slag inlet hole 12 into the slag discharge channel 11 inside the rotating shaft 3 and finally be discharged outward through the slag discharge channel 11. This avoids the accumulation of waste residue on the surface of the coarse filter screen 2, effectively prevents the coarse filter screen 2 from being blocked, and ensures the continuous and smooth operation of the coarse filtration process.

[0030] To further ensure the long-term unobstructed flow and prevent clogging of the coarse filter screen 2, for example, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also includes a mounting rod 14 on the side of the drive roller 10 away from the spray bar 5, a plurality of L-shaped scrapers 15 spaced apart on the mounting rod 14, one end of the scraper 15 away from the mounting rod 14 contacting the upper surface of the coarse filter plate 2, a mounting seat 16 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3, the mounting rod 14 being located inside the mounting seat 16 and axially slidingly connected to the mounting seat 16, and a return spring 17 fixedly connected between the mounting seat 16 and the mounting rod 14. Several sets of circumferentially distributed first wedge-shaped extrusion blocks 18 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body 1, and a second wedge-shaped extrusion block 19 that is in extrusion contact with the first wedge-shaped extrusion blocks 18 is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting rod 14 away from the rotating shaft 3.

[0031] During use, the drive device drives the central rotating shaft 3 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 3 rotates, it drives the mounting rod 14 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the mounting rod 14, it drives the second wedge-shaped extrusion block 19 to continuously press and contact the first wedge-shaped extrusion block 18 on the inner wall of the tank 1. The second wedge-shaped extrusion block 19 is pressed and pushes the mounting rod 14 to slide in the mounting seat 16 and compress the return spring 17. When the second wedge-shaped extrusion block 19 disengages from the first wedge-shaped extrusion block 18, the return spring 17 rebounds and drives the mounting rod 14 to quickly return to its original position, so that the mounting rod 14 and the scraper 15 form a continuous reciprocating swing. The scraper 15 swings back and forth with the mounting rod 14 to scrape and disperse the waste residue on the upper surface of the coarse filter screen 2 after it has been rolled, which facilitates the rapid conveying and discharge of the subsequent spiral cleaning plate 13, greatly improves the waste residue cleaning efficiency, avoids the adhesion and accumulation of waste residue, and further ensures that the coarse filter screen 2 is unobstructed for a long time.

[0032] To ensure continuous operation of the device under extreme conditions and improve overall reliability and safety, for example, such as Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the present invention also includes a groove 42 in the middle of the mounting plate 7, a plurality of through-hole spare filter holes 43 in the groove 42, a sleeve 44 in the groove 42, the lower end of the sleeve 44 initially engaging with the groove 42 and sealing the spare filter holes 43, a floating plate 45 fixedly connected to the upper end face of the sleeve 44, a polygonal locking block 46 fixedly connected to the upper end of the floating plate 45, the lower end of the rotating shaft 3 passing through the polygonal locking block 46, the floating plate 45 and the sleeve 44 in sequence and slidingly connected to the polygonal locking block 46, the floating plate 45 and the sleeve 44, and a mounting ring 47 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3, the lower surface of the mounting ring 47 having a polygonal slot 48; The housing 44 is provided with several sets of vertically arranged cleaning plates 49. The inner side of the housing 44 is provided with several sets of sliding grooves 50. One end of the cleaning plate 49 is located in the sliding groove 50 and is slidably connected to the sliding groove 50. The upper end of the cleaning plate 49 is provided with a limiting plate 51 fixedly connected to the housing 44. A compression spring 52 is fixedly connected between the limiting plate 51 and the cleaning plate 49.

[0033] When in use, if the impurity content in the sewage is too high, all the inner filter cylinders 9 are blocked and cleaned and the filter holes are completely closed, the liquid level will rise rapidly to the set height and drive the float plate 45 to move upward. When the float plate 45 moves upward, it will simultaneously drive the housing 44 and the polygonal locking block 46 to move upward. When the polygonal locking block 46 moves upward to the set position, it will engage with the polygonal locking groove 48 at the bottom of the mounting ring 47, so that the housing 44 and the float plate 45 will rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 3. After the housing 44 moves upward, the compression spring 52 will push the cleaning plate 49 to move vertically downward along the slide 50, so that the lower end of the cleaning plate 49 will be in close contact with the upper surface of the spare filter hole 43. At the same time, the housing 44 moves upward to release the seal on the slot 42 and the spare filter hole 43. The accumulated liquid will be discharged through the spare filter hole 43 for emergency filtration, which will prevent the liquid level on the upper part of the mounting plate 7 from rising continuously, causing the equipment to overflow or the filtration to be interrupted. This will ensure that the device can continue to operate under extreme conditions and improve the overall reliability and safety of the operation. As the housing 44 rotates with the shaft 3, the cleaning plate 49 simultaneously scrapes and cleans the upper surface of the spare filter hole 43 to prevent impurities from clogging the spare filter hole 43 and ensure that the spare filtration channel remains unobstructed. After the inner filter cylinder 9 is cleaned and normal filtration is restored, the liquid level in the upper part of the mounting plate 7 gradually decreases, the float plate 45 loses its buoyancy support and falls downward, the polygonal locking block 46 disengages from the polygonal locking groove 48, and the housing 44 no longer rotates with the shaft 3. Under its own weight, the housing 44 continues to move downward, driving the cleaning plate 49 to move upward along the slide groove 50 and compress the squeezing spring 52. Finally, the lower end of the housing 44 re-engages with the slot 42, sealing the spare filter hole 43 again and restoring the normal working mode. The entire process requires no manual intervention, further improving the continuous processing capacity and anti-clogging capability of the device.

[0034] For example, such as Figure 6 , Figure 9 , 11 As shown, the present invention also includes a slag discharge shell 53 inside the tank body 1, the lower end of the rotating shaft 3 being rotatably connected to the upper end of the slag discharge shell 53, the slag discharge channel 11 of the rotating shaft 3 being connected to the interior of the slag discharge shell 53; the end of the liquid discharge branch pipe 39 away from the support base 38 being connected to the interior of the slag discharge shell 53; the lower surface of the slag discharge shell 53 being connected to a vertically arranged discharge pipe 54, the lower end of the discharge pipe 54 passing through the tank body 1.

[0035] During use, the waste slag discharged from the slag discharge channel 11 of the rotating shaft 3 and the cleaning waste liquid and impurities discharged from the liquid discharge branch pipe 39 can be uniformly collected in the slag discharge shell 53 for centralized storage, preventing the waste slag and waste liquid from scattering and contaminating other components in the tank 1. The slag discharge shell 53 guides all waste to the discharge pipe 54 and discharges it outward stably through the discharge pipe 54, realizing the centralized and unified discharge of waste slag and cleaning waste liquid, keeping the inside of the tank 1 clean, and preventing waste backflow from causing secondary blockage, thereby improving the overall sewage discharge efficiency and cleanliness of the device.

[0036] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also includes a drive device comprising a drive motor 55 disposed on the upper surface of the tank body 1, a drive gear 56 fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 55, and a transmission gear 57 meshing with the drive gear 56 at the upper end of the rotating shaft 3.

[0037] When in use, the drive motor 55 is powered on and runs, driving the drive gear 56 to rotate. The drive gear 56 meshes with the transmission gear 57 to drive the central rotating shaft 3 to rotate smoothly and continuously, providing power support for structures such as spraying, roller pressing and slag removal, and self-cleaning.

[0038] In use, the liquid inlet adapter 4 is connected to the waste incineration leachate conveying pipeline. The leachate enters the liquid inlet channel 6 of the central rotating shaft 3 through the liquid inlet adapter 4, and is evenly sprayed onto the upper surface of the coarse filter plate 2 through multiple sets of spray branch pipes on the spray rod 5. The drive device is started, and the drive motor 55 is powered on and drives the drive gear 56 to rotate. The drive gear 56 meshes with the transmission gear 57 to drive the central rotating shaft 3 to rotate continuously. The rotating shaft 3 synchronously drives the spray rod 5 to make a circular motion, so that the leachate can fully and evenly cover the coarse filter plate 2, ensuring continuous and stable water distribution and improving the primary filtration effect. The leachate undergoes primary filtration through the coarse filter screen 2, effectively trapping large particles, suspended solids, and other impurities. As the rotating shaft 3 rotates, it synchronously drives the drive roller 10 to rotate around the coarse filter screen 2. The drive roller 10 makes roller-pressed contact with the upper surface of the coarse filter screen 2 and rotates due to friction, driving the coaxial spiral cleaning plate 13 to rotate synchronously. This conveys the pressed waste residue to the slag inlet 12 and discharges it through the slag outlet 11. Simultaneously, the rotating shaft 3 drives the mounting rod 14 to rotate. The second wedge-shaped extrusion block 19 and the first wedge-shaped extrusion block 18 press together, causing the mounting rod 14 to swing back and forth. This drives the scraper 15 to scrape and break up the waste residue on the coarse filter screen 2, achieving rapid dewatering of the filter residue, preventing clogging of the coarse filter screen, eliminating the need for regular manual cleaning, and ensuring long-term smooth operation of the coarse filtration unit. The coarsely filtered liquid flows downwards onto the upper surface of the mounting plate 7 and evenly enters the interior of multiple sets of vertical external filter cylinders 8 and internal filter cylinders 9. In the initial state, the external filter holes of the external filter cylinder 8 and the internal filter holes of the internal filter cylinder 9 coincide and are connected. After the liquid undergoes secondary fine filtration through the internal filter cylinder 9 and the external filter cylinder 8, the clear liquid enters the lower chamber of the tank 1 and is finally discharged stably through the main drain pipe 58. When the filtration efficiency of a certain set of inner filter cartridges 9 decreases and drainage is blocked due to the adhesion of impurities, the liquid level inside the inner filter cartridge 9 gradually rises. After the liquid level reaches the set height, it drives the float 27 to move upward. The float 27 drives the support ring 28 to move upward in sync. The locking tongue 30 is inserted into the self-locking buckle 32 to lock and secure it, ensuring that the support ring 28 and the spline shaft 21 do not loosen or fall off during the transmission process, thus ensuring stable and reliable power transmission. After the support ring 28 moves into position, the first toothed ring 29 and the second toothed ring 35 mesh and drive each other. The rotating shaft 3 drives the support ring 28 and the splined shaft 21 to rotate synchronously. The splined shaft 21 drives the reciprocating screw 20 to rotate. The limiting block 26 and the limiting groove 25 cooperate to drive the inner filter cylinder 9 to rotate relative to the outer filter cylinder 8, so that the inner filter hole and the outer filter hole are staggered and closed, automatically cutting off the water inlet channel of this group of filter cylinders, avoiding backflow and overflow caused by continuous water inlet during the cleaning process. When the inner filter cylinder 9 rotates, the outer wall of the inner filter cylinder 9 is cleaned simultaneously. The reciprocating screw 20 continues to rotate to drive the cleaning ring 24 to scrape smoothly from top to bottom along the inner wall of the inner filter cylinder 9. When the cleaning ring 24 moves down to the lower end of the inner filter cylinder 9, it squeezes the valve rod 41, causing the pressing valve 40 to open automatically. The mixture of liquid and impurities inside the inner filter cylinder 9 is discharged through the drain branch pipe 39, realizing the simultaneous discharge of liquid and waste residue, and avoiding the accumulation of sewage and impurities inside the inner filter cylinder 9. After cleaning, the cleaning ring 24 moves up along the reciprocating screw 20, squeezing the lower end of the float cylinder 27 to unlock the self-locking buckle 32. The first toothed ring 29 and the second toothed ring 35 disengage, and the torsion spring 37 releases its stored force to drive the inner filter cylinder 9 to rotate in the opposite direction and reset, so that the filter holes re-align and conduct. The entire process requires no manual operation or machine stoppage, improving the continuity and automation of the device operation. When the impurity content in the wastewater is too high, all the inner filter cylinders 9 are in a state of blockage and cleaning and all the filter holes are closed, the liquid level at the top of the mounting plate 7 rises, causing the floating plate 45 to move upward. The polygonal locking block 46 engages with the polygonal locking groove 48, and the casing 44 rotates with the rotating shaft 3. The compression spring 52 pushes the cleaning plate 49 to contact the spare filter hole 43, and the spare filter hole 43 opens for emergency filtration. This prevents the liquid level at the top of the mounting plate 7 from rising continuously, which could lead to equipment overflow or filtration interruption. This ensures that the device can continue to operate under extreme conditions. The cleaning plate 49 simultaneously scrapes the spare filter hole 43 to prevent blockage and ensures that the spare filtration channel remains unobstructed. After the inner filter cylinders 9 are cleaned, the liquid level drops, the floating plate 45 falls back, and the casing 44 re-closes the spare filter hole 43.

[0039] Waste slag discharged from slag discharge channel 11 and cleaning waste liquid and impurities discharged from liquid discharge branch pipe 39 are uniformly collected inside slag discharge shell 53 and stably discharged outward through discharge pipe 54, realizing centralized and unified discharge of waste slag and cleaning waste liquid, keeping the inside of tank 1 clean, preventing waste backflow from causing secondary blockage, and improving the overall sewage discharge efficiency and cleanliness of the device.

[0040] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage filtration device for efficient separation of leachate from waste incineration, characterized in that, The system includes a vertical tank (1), with a horizontally arranged coarse filter grid (2) fixed inside the tank (1); a vertical central rotating shaft (3) is rotatably assembled inside the tank (1), with the upper end of the rotating shaft (3) penetrating the tank (1) and rotatably connected to the liquid inlet adapter (4); a spray rod (5) located above the coarse filter grid (2) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (3), and several sets of spray branch pipes are provided on the spray rod (5); a liquid inlet channel (6) is provided inside the rotating shaft (3) and communicates with the liquid inlet adapter (4) and the spray branch pipes; a roller pressing slag cleaning assembly for cleaning impurities on the surface of the coarse filter grid (2) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the rotating shaft (3); An installation plate (7) is fixedly connected inside the tank (1) below the coarse filter grid (2). Multiple sets of circumferentially distributed assembly holes are opened on the installation plate (7). A vertical external filter cylinder (8) is fixedly connected in the assembly holes. An internal filter cylinder (9) is sealed and rotated inside the external filter cylinder (8). In the initial state, the external filter hole on the external filter cylinder (8) and the internal filter hole on the internal filter cylinder (9) coincide. The internal filter cylinder (9) is equipped with a self-cleaning component that automatically opens to clean the internal filter cylinder (9) according to the liquid level. The tank (1) is equipped with a drive device that drives the central rotating shaft (3) to rotate. The lower end of the tank (1) is equipped with a main drain pipe (58) for discharging the filtered liquid.

2. The multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-cleaning component includes a reciprocating screw (20) vertically arranged inside the inner filter cylinder (9). The upper end of the reciprocating screw (20) is fixedly connected to a spline shaft (21). The upper end of the spline shaft (21) is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the coarse filter grid (2). The upper end of the reciprocating screw (20) is threadedly connected to a rotating ring (22). The outer side of the rotating ring (22) is fixedly connected to a cleaning ring (24) through several sets of support rods (23). The cleaning ring (24) is in contact with the inner wall of the inner filter cylinder (9). The inner wall of the inner filter cylinder (9) is provided with a vertically arranged limiting groove (25). The outer side of the cleaning ring (24) is provided with a limiting block (26) corresponding to the limiting groove (25). A vertically arranged float (27) is provided above the inner filter cylinder (9). The lower end of the float (27) is initially in contact with the upper part of the support rod (23). A support ring (28) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the float (27). The support ring (28) has a spline groove that is slidably connected to the spline shaft (21). A first toothed ring (29) is installed on the outside of the support ring (28). After the float (27) floats up, the first toothed ring (29) is driven by the rotating shaft (3) through the transmission structure.

3. The multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission structure includes a locking tongue (30) fixedly connected to the upper end face of the support ring (28), and a horizontally set positioning plate (31) fixedly connected to the upper part of the spline shaft (21). The lower surface of the positioning plate (31) is provided with a pressing self-locking buckle (32) corresponding to the locking tongue (30). After the float (27) floats up, the locking tongue (30) locks with the pressing self-locking buckle (32). After the cleaning ring (24) is cleaned, it floats up and squeezes the pressing self-locking buckle (32) to unlock. The lower end of the rotating shaft (3) passes through the mounting plate (7) and is rotatably connected to the mounting plate (7). A fixed ring (33) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (3). The outer side of the fixed ring (33) is fixedly connected to the second toothed ring (35) through several sets of connecting rods (34). After the float (27) floats up, the first toothed ring (29) meshes with the second toothed ring (35) for transmission. The upper inner wall of the outer filter cylinder (8) is provided with a mounting groove (36). A torsion spring (37) fixedly connected to the inner filter cylinder (9) is fixedly connected in the mounting groove (36).

4. The multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the inner filter cylinder (9) is rotatably connected to a support base (38). The bottom of the support base (38) is fixedly connected to a drain branch pipe (39) that communicates with the inside of the inner filter cylinder (9). A press valve (40) is provided inside the drain branch pipe (39). The valve stem (41) of the press valve (40) passes through the support base (38) and is located inside the inner filter cylinder (9). After the cleaning ring (24) moves down, it presses against the upper end of the valve stem (41).

5. A multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The roller pressing slag removal assembly includes a horizontally arranged drive roller (10), the axis of the drive roller (10) is perpendicular to the axis of the spray bar (5), one end of the roller shaft of the drive roller (10) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (3), the rotating shaft (3) is provided with a slag discharge channel (11), the upper end of the rotating shaft (3) is provided with a slag inlet hole (12) communicating with the slag discharge channel (11), the slag inlet hole (12) is provided with a horizontally arranged spiral cleaning plate (13), and the spiral cleaning plate (13) is coaxially connected to the drive roller (10).

6. A multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 5, characterized in that, A mounting rod (14) is provided on the side of the drive roller (10) away from the spray bar (5). Several sets of L-shaped scrapers (15) are provided on the mounting rod (14) at intervals. The end of the scraper (15) away from the mounting rod (14) contacts the upper surface of the coarse filter plate (2). A mounting seat (16) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (3). The mounting rod (14) is located inside the mounting seat (16) and is axially slidably connected to the mounting seat (16). A return spring (17) is fixedly connected between the mounting seat (16) and the mounting rod (14). The inner wall of the tank (1) is fixedly connected with several sets of circumferentially distributed first wedge-shaped extrusion blocks (18), and the end of the mounting rod (14) away from the rotating shaft (3) is fixedly connected with a second wedge-shaped extrusion block (19) that is in extrusion contact with the first wedge-shaped extrusion block (18).

7. A multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting plate (7) has a slot (42) in the middle, and several sets of through-hole spare filter holes (43) are provided in the slot (42). The slot (42) has a sleeve (44). The lower end of the sleeve (44) is initially engaged with the slot (42) and closes the spare filter holes (43). The upper end of the sleeve (44) is fixedly connected to a floating plate (45). The upper end of the floating plate (45) is fixedly connected to a polygonal locking block (46). The lower end of the rotating shaft (3) passes through the polygonal locking block (46), the floating plate (45) and the sleeve (44) in sequence and slides with the polygonal locking block (46), the floating plate (45) and the sleeve (44). The rotating shaft (3) is fixedly connected to an mounting ring (47). The lower surface of the mounting ring (47) is provided with a polygonal slot (48). The casing (44) is provided with several sets of vertically arranged cleaning plates (49). The inner side of the casing (44) is provided with several sets of sliding grooves (50). One end of the cleaning plate (49) is located in the sliding groove (50) and is slidably connected to the sliding groove (50). The upper end of the cleaning plate (49) is provided with a limiting plate (51) fixedly connected to the casing (44). A compression spring (52) is fixedly connected between the limiting plate (51) and the cleaning plate (49).

8. A multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The tank body (1) is provided with a slag discharge shell (53). The lower end of the rotating shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the slag discharge shell (53). The slag discharge channel (11) of the rotating shaft (3) is connected to the inside of the slag discharge shell (53). The end of the liquid discharge branch pipe (39) away from the support seat (38) is connected to the inside of the slag discharge shell (53). The lower surface of the slag discharge shell (53) is connected to the vertically arranged discharge pipe (54). The lower end of the discharge pipe (54) passes through the tank body (1).

9. A multi-stage filtration device for high-efficiency separation of leachate from waste incineration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The driving device includes a drive motor (55) installed on the upper surface of the tank (1), and a drive gear (56) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor (55). The upper end of the rotating shaft (3) is provided with a transmission gear (57) that meshes with the drive gear (56).

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