A mine dry-wet mixed multi-stage on-board dust removal and purification device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of dust removal at underground coal mine tunneling working faces, and discloses a mine dry-wet mixed multistage on-board dust removal and purification device, which comprises a primary cyclone dust collector, the primary cyclone dust collector is arranged at the top of an external tunneling machine, the rear end of the primary cyclone dust collector is provided with a secondary wet dust collector, the rear end of the secondary wet dust collector is provided with an extracted axial flow fan, the rear end of the extracted axial flow fan is provided with an outlet pipeline, the rear end of the external tunneling machine is connected with a crawler wheel chassis through a traction winch, the top of the crawler wheel chassis is provided with a circulating water storage pool, the front end of the primary cyclone dust collector is provided with a conveying pipeline, the front end of the conveying pipeline is provided with a connecting support block, and the front end of the connecting support block is fixedly connected with a fixing ring. The on-board linkage structure eliminates the process of frequently connecting and replacing the extended air duct of the traditional dust removal equipment, and reduces the equipment maintenance workload of underground operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of dust removal technology in underground coal mine tunneling faces, specifically a multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications that combines dry and wet materials. Background Technology

[0002] During underground coal mine tunneling operations, the external tunneling machines generate a large amount of dust from cutting coal and breaking rock. Currently, the common dust control method is to install dry or wet dust collectors at a distance from the tunneling face, and then use extended ventilation ducts to draw the dust-laden gas to the dust collection device for purification. Dry dust collectors typically use cartridge filters, while wet dust collectors rely on spraying and separation nets to capture dust. Due to the confined space and complex production conditions in underground tunnels, dust collection equipment needs to be frequently moved with the advance of the tunnel face; on-site installation usually involves fixing it with belt conveyors or placing it within a chamber.

[0003] However, existing dust collection equipment still has significant shortcomings in practical applications. In dry dust collectors, filter cartridges are prone to dust accumulation in the high-humidity underground environment, leading to incomplete cleaning, increased negative pressure, decreased dust collection efficiency, and high filter cartridge replacement costs. While wet dust collectors do not have the problem of filter cartridge clogging, they generally suffer from large equipment size, difficulty in underground transport, high water consumption, and a lack of effective water circulation and automatic sludge removal functions, easily causing environmental degradation at the working face. Furthermore, most existing equipment is fixedly installed and cannot be moved synchronously with external tunneling machines, requiring frequent replacement of ventilation ducts and resulting in a large maintenance workload. Therefore, a miniaturized, airborne dust collection device with multi-stage dry and wet mixing purification and water circulation functions is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications that combines dry and wet processes. This device solves the problems of existing dust removal equipment, such as large size, poor mobility, easy clogging and failure of dry filter cartridges, high water consumption of wet filters, lack of water circulation and automatic sludge removal functions, and difficulty in achieving efficient integrated airborne dust removal.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining, comprising a primary cyclone dust collector, wherein the primary cyclone dust collector is installed on the top of an external tunneling machine, a secondary wet dust collector is installed at the rear end of the primary cyclone dust collector, an exhaust axial flow fan is installed at the rear end of the secondary wet dust collector, an outlet pipe is installed at the rear end of the exhaust axial flow fan, and a tracked wheel chassis is connected to the rear end of the external tunneling machine via a traction winch, wherein a circulating water storage tank is installed on the top of the tracked wheel chassis;

[0006] The front end of the primary cyclone dust collector is provided with a conveying pipe, the front end of the conveying pipe is provided with a connecting support block, the front end of the connecting support block is fixedly connected with a fixing ring, the inside of the fixing ring is slidably connected with a universal ball, the front end of the universal ball is fixedly connected with a gas collecting hood, the rear end of the universal ball is fixedly connected with a canvas tube, and the rear end of the canvas tube is located at the front end of the conveying pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the front end of the fixed ring is fixedly connected to two universal joints, and each of the two universal joints is equipped with an explosion-proof electric push rod at its front end. The drive ends of the two explosion-proof electric push rods are respectively set outside the gas collection hood through another corresponding universal joint. Multiple dust concentration sensors are arranged in the fan-shaped area at the front end of the gas collection hood. The multiple dust concentration sensors are used to monitor the dust concentration in front to control the operation of the explosion-proof electric push rods. The explosion-proof electric push rods are equipped with built-in or external angle sensors or position sensors. The angle sensors or position sensors and the dust concentration sensors work together with the mine control substation to form a closed-loop control system for tracking the direction of dust concentration.

[0008] Preferably, the primary cyclone dust collector is equipped with a spiral blade assembly inside, and an auger conveyor is provided at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector.

[0009] Preferably, the secondary wet dust collector is equipped with multiple dust filter screens inside, and a main water pipe is installed inside the secondary wet dust collector. The bottom of the main water pipe is rotatably connected to multiple nozzle pipes through a sealed rotating shaft, and gears are installed at the bottom of each of the multiple nozzle pipes. A drive motor is installed on the side wall of the secondary wet dust collector. The drive end of the drive motor is provided with multiple eccentric wheels. A connecting rod is rotatably connected to the outside of the eccentric wheels. A connecting column is rotatably connected to the other end of the connecting rod. The outside of the connecting column passes through the shell of the secondary wet dust collector. A rack is provided at the end of the connecting column near the nozzle pipe. The rack meshes with multiple gears. The rack is slidably connected to an installation sleeve, the outer end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the secondary wet dust collector, and an outer shell is fixedly connected to the outside of the installation sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, the gas collection hood includes an inner shell and an outer shell arranged coaxially, with a buffer gap formed between the inner shell and the outer shell to suppress the backflow airflow, and the port edge of the outer shell has an inwardly bent arc-shaped guide portion.

[0011] Preferably, the circulating water storage tank is provided with multiple sedimentation tanks connected in sequence, and adjacent tanks are connected by overflow pipes.

[0012] Preferably, each sedimentation tank has a funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber at its bottom, and a concentration meter is installed in the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber to monitor the sludge concentration inside the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber. A pneumatic ball valve or pneumatic butterfly valve is configured at the discharge node at the bottom of the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber, and the monitoring data from the concentration meter is used to control the rapid start and stop of the pneumatic ball valve or pneumatic butterfly valve to generate fluid impact force to prevent sludge blockage.

[0013] Preferably, a level gauge is installed in the circulating water storage tank to monitor the water level of the circulating water storage tank.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the secondary wet dust collector is an inclined base plate, the plurality of dust filter screens are arranged above the inclined base plate, the nozzle pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the nozzle pipe, and a sewage discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the secondary wet dust collector, the sewage discharge pipe is connected to the inlet of the circulating water storage tank.

[0015] Preferably, the exhaust axial flow fan is equipped with a variable frequency speed control system, and the dust removal and purification device further includes an air volume sensor, a differential pressure sensor for monitoring inlet and outlet negative pressure, and a temperature and humidity sensor installed at the air inlet of the exhaust axial flow fan; the variable frequency speed control system performs linkage control on the exhaust axial flow fan and the water spray system inside the secondary wet dust collector based on the data fusion of the dust concentration sensor, air volume sensor, differential pressure sensor, and temperature and humidity sensor.

[0016] This application provides a multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, combining dry and wet dust collection. It offers the following advantages: 1. This application connects a primary cyclone dust collector, a secondary wet dust collector, and an exhaust axial flow fan in series on the top of an external tunneling machine, and connects the tracked wheel chassis with a circulating water tank to the external tunneling machine via a traction winch. This enables the entire dust removal device to move synchronously with the tunneling machine, eliminating the cumbersome process of frequently replacing the extension duct of traditional airborne dust removal equipment and reducing the workload of equipment maintenance in underground operations.

[0017] 2. This application achieves dynamic tracking of the location of the highest local dust concentration by configuring a dust concentration sensor at the front end of the gas collection hood, and forming a closed-loop tracking control system with an explosion-proof electric push rod and control substation with a position sensor, thereby improving the suction efficiency of source dust removal. At the same time, by adopting a dry and wet graded purification structure that combines cyclone centrifugal and water mist filter, large dust particles are separated first and then fine dust is captured, effectively avoiding the physical defects of traditional dry filter cartridges that are prone to adhesion and clogging in the high humidity environment underground.

[0018] 3. This application sets up multi-stage interconnected sedimentation tanks in the circulating water storage tank, and equips the bottom of the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber with a pneumatic ball valve or pneumatic butterfly valve. The strong fluid impact force generated by the rapid start and stop of the pneumatic valve is used to discharge sludge, which effectively prevents the problem of sludge clumping and clogging the discharge outlet in traditional underground sedimentation tanks. With the monitoring of concentration meter and level gauge, the internal fully automatic circulation and reuse of spray water and the fixed-point intelligent discharge of bottom sludge are realized. This not only solves the problem of on-site environmental degradation, but also realizes the effective recycling and utilization of water resources and reduces the consumption of underground water resources.

[0019] 4. This application introduces a linkage control mechanism that integrates data from multiple sensors, such as dust concentration, air volume, inlet and outlet pressure difference, and temperature and humidity. This enables the variable frequency speed control system to automatically and in a closed loop adjust the spray speed of the exhaust axial flow fan and the spray volume of the secondary wet dust collector based on dust concentration and pressure difference, according to the actual suction load and filter status. This ensures that the dust removal effect always meets the standards while reducing the reactive energy consumption of the whole machine and improving the intelligent control level of the airborne dust removal equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the primary cyclone dust collector of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the two-stage wet scrubber of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the gas collection hood and omnidirectional ball of this application; Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the circulating water storage tank and tracked wheel chassis of this application.

[0021] The components include: 1. External tunneling machine; 2. Primary cyclone dust collector; 3. Secondary wet dust collector; 4. Exhaust-type axial flow fan; 5. Outlet pipe; 6. Circulating water storage tank; 7. Tracked wheel chassis; 8. Fixing ring; 9. Universal ball; 10. Air collection hood; 11. Universal joint; 12. Explosion-proof electric push rod; 13. Drive motor; 14. Eccentric wheel; 15. Connecting rod; 16. Connecting column; 17. Mounting sleeve; 18. Rack; 19. Housing; 20. Gear; 21. Nozzle pipe; 22. Main water pipe; 23. Sealed shaft; 24. Dust filter screen; 25. Canvas pipe; 26. Screw conveyor device; 27. Connecting support block; 28. Traction winch; 29. ​​Conveying pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This application provides a multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, including a primary cyclone dust collector 2. The primary cyclone dust collector 2 provides initial treatment of dust-laden airflow. In a preferred embodiment, the flow velocity within the primary cyclone dust collector 2 is designed to be no less than 25 m / s to ensure effective centrifugal separation of large dust particles. The primary cyclone dust collector 2 is positioned on top of the external tunneling machine 1, allowing it to receive the dust-laden airflow generated during the operation of the external tunneling machine 1. A secondary wet dust collector 3 is located at the rear end of the primary cyclone dust collector 2, allowing the airflow filtered by the primary cyclone dust collector 2 to continue entering the secondary wet dust collector 3 for further dust suppression and filtration. An exhaust-type axial flow fan 4 is located at the rear end of the secondary wet dust collector 3, using the suction negative pressure generated by the operation of the exhaust-type axial flow fan 4 to provide suction power for the overall airflow. Preferably, the processing air volume of the exhaust-type axial flow fan 4 is ≥20000 m³ / h.

[0024] The exhaust-type axial flow fan 4 is equipped with a variable frequency speed control system, which enables automatic variable frequency speed regulation of the exhaust-type axial flow fan 4. This device also includes a mine-use explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation. Considering the actual power supply needs of different mines, the control substation adopts a single-voltage-level explosion-proof wiring cavity layout and can be configured for 1140V or 660V power supply. The dust removal and purification device also includes an air volume sensor, a differential pressure sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor based on the ultrasonic time-of-flight method. The air volume sensor is located at the air intake of the exhaust-type axial flow fan 4, the differential pressure sensor is used to monitor the negative pressure at the inlet and outlet of the dust removal device, and the temperature and humidity sensor is located at the air outlet. The variable frequency speed control system, based on the data fusion of the dust concentration sensor, air volume sensor, differential pressure sensor, and temperature and humidity sensor, performs coordinated regulation of the exhaust-type axial flow fan 4 and the water spray system of the secondary wet scrubber 3, thereby reducing the operating energy consumption of the equipment while ensuring dust removal meets standards. The exhaust-type axial flow fan 4 is equipped with an outlet pipe 5 at its rear end, ensuring that the airflow after dust removal and purification can be smoothly discharged outward through the outlet pipe 5. The rear end of the external tunneling machine 1 is connected to the tracked wheel chassis 7 via a traction winch 28. The tracked wheel chassis 7 provides a platform foundation for the stable mounting and following movement of subsequent structures. A circulating water storage tank 6 is installed on the top of the tracked wheel chassis 7 to collect and perform multi-stage sedimentation treatment of wastewater during the dust removal process.

[0025] The front end of the primary cyclone dust collector 2 is provided with a conveying pipe 29 to transport the inhaled airflow backward into the primary cyclone dust collector 2. The front end of the conveying pipe 29 is provided with a connecting support block 27 to provide stable support for the front connecting components. The front end of the connecting support block 27 is fixedly connected with a fixing ring 8, so that the fixing ring 8 can be stably maintained in the corresponding spatial position. The inside of the fixing ring 8 is slidably connected with a universal ball 9. The rotation of the universal ball 9 within the fixing ring 8 enables flexible adjustment of the suction angle of the subsequent components. The front end of the universal ball 9 is fixedly connected with a gas collecting hood 10, so that the dust-laden airflow in front of the external tunneling machine 1 can be effectively sucked in through the gas collecting hood 10. The rear end of the universal ball 9 is fixedly connected with a canvas pipe 25. As a flexible component, the canvas pipe 25 ensures that the normal connection of the pipeline is not affected when the universal ball 9 rotates at any time. The rear end of the canvas pipe 25 is located at the front end of the conveying pipe 29, thereby ensuring that the dust-laden airflow can smoothly transition and flow backward.

[0026] Please see the appendix Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment of this application, two universal joints 11 are fixedly connected to the front end of the fixed ring 8. These universal joints 11 provide flexible hinge points for the front-end drive components. Each of the two universal joints 11 has an explosion-proof electric push rod 12 mounted at its front end. The extension and retraction of the explosion-proof electric push rod 12 provides the driving force to change direction. The driving ends of both explosion-proof electric push rods 12 are located outside the gas collection hood 10 via a corresponding universal joint 11, thereby driving the gas collection hood 10 and achieving arbitrary adjustment of the gas collection hood 10's suction angle through rear rotational engagement. Furthermore, the explosion-proof electric push rod 12 has a built-in or external angle / position sensor for providing real-time displacement data of the push rod to the control substation, forming a closed-loop control system for angle adjustment.

[0027] The dust collection hood 10 includes an inner shell and an outer shell arranged coaxially. The double-shell structure optimizes the intake airflow channel for dust-laden air. A buffer gap is formed between the inner and outer shells to suppress backflow, effectively preventing airflow turbulence and ensuring stable dust collection performance. The outer shell has an inwardly bent arc-shaped guide at its port edge, further improving the efficiency of the dust collection hood 10 in guiding and concentrating the intake of dust-laden airflow. Multiple dust concentration sensors are arranged in a fan-shaped area at the front of the dust collection hood 10, enabling real-time sensing and detection of dust concentration in front of the hood. These sensors monitor the dust concentration to control the operation of the explosion-proof electric push rod 12, feeding the data back to the mine control substation to analyze the location of the highest concentration and then drive the explosion-proof electric push rod 12 to adjust the suction direction.

[0028] Please see the appendix Figure 2 - Appendix Figure 3In a preferred embodiment of this application, the primary cyclone dust collector 2 is internally equipped with a spiral blade assembly. This allows the dust-laden airflow to undergo centrifugal motion under the action of the spiral blade assembly, causing larger dust particles to detach from the airflow center and settle to the bottom. A screw conveyor 26 is installed at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector 2. The larger dust particles that settle to the bottom are then conveyed backwards by the screw conveyor 26 to the rear of the external tunneling machine 1 for discharge. Specifically, the screw conveyor 26 adopts a compact, fully enclosed spiral conveying structure, and the power of the matching drive motor is preferably 1.1kW. Its dust conveying capacity is ≥5m³ / h, which can meet the requirements of continuous, enclosed, low-dust, large-section tunneling ash removal.

[0029] The secondary wet scrubber 3 is internally equipped with multiple dust filters 24, allowing the airflow after water mist dust settling to pass through the dust filters 24 for secondary interception and filtration. The secondary wet scrubber 3 also has a main water pipe 22 inside, guiding clean water into the secondary wet scrubber 3 for subsequent components to circulate. The bottom of the main water pipe 22 is rotatably connected to multiple nozzle pipes 21 via a sealed rotating shaft 23, ensuring that the nozzle pipes 21 can smoothly reciprocate around the top sealed rotating shaft 23. Each nozzle pipe 21 has a gear 20 at its bottom; the gear 20 serves as a power receiving component to directly drive the nozzle pipe 21 to oscillate. Furthermore, to achieve deep purification of fine dust, the nozzles on the outside of the nozzle pipes 21 are preferably corrosion-resistant self-cleaning nozzles, with a water mist particle diameter ≤0.4mm.

[0030] Please see the appendix Figure 6 In a preferred embodiment of this application, the circulating water storage tank 6 is internally equipped with multiple sequentially connected sedimentation tanks. Preferably, the multi-stage sedimentation tanks are a 6-stage overflow structure, making the internal structure of the circulating water storage tank 6 a multi-stage sedimentation tank structure to facilitate the graded treatment of discharged wastewater. Adjacent tanks are connected by overflow pipes, and wastewater flows through the overflow pipes in stages, allowing sludge to gradually settle during the flow. The overflow pipes not only provide effluent discharge but also effectively disturb the sludge deposited at the bottom, preventing sludge from hardening and clumping. Each sedimentation tank has a funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber at its bottom, facilitating the smooth settling and concentration of flowing sludge within the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber. A concentration meter is installed in the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber to monitor the sludge state in the bottom area in real time. When the real-time monitored sludge concentration reaches a set threshold, the control system activates the sludge suction pump to discharge the bottom sludge.

[0031] To address the issue of clogging by sediment in underground wells, this device eliminates conventional electric valves with long response times at disturbance points in the sewage and overflow pipes, instead using pneumatic ball valves or pneumatic wear-resistant butterfly valves. A level gauge is also installed in the circulating water tank 6 to monitor water level changes in real time. When the water level in the first sedimentation tank drops to a low critical value, a water replenishment valve is activated for automatic replenishment. This valve is preferably a solenoid valve for millisecond-level rapid replenishment. Water replenishment stops when the water level rises to a high critical value, thus maintaining the normal water level of the purification system. Simultaneously, the clean water, after multi-stage sedimentation treatment, is pumped back to the main water pipe 22 for circulating spraying. Under system settings, the sedimentation time of dust-laden wastewater in the circulating water tank 6 is ≥30 minutes, ensuring a water recycling rate of ≥85%.

[0032] In addition, to ensure the structural strength and sealing of the dust removal device, during the processing, manufacturing, and assembly verification stages: the processing of the air collection hood 10 requires bending accuracy testing (error controlled within ≤1.5mm), segmented welding, and overall correction; the processing of the primary cyclone dust collector 2 includes precision welding of the spiral blades, shell rolling roundness calibration, and overall airtightness testing. After the entire machine is integrated and installed on the external tunneling machine 1, a center of gravity balance test must be conducted to ensure that the center of gravity offset rate of the integrated equipment is ≤5%, ensuring the stability of the tunneling machine during operation and follow-up movement; at the same time, a ventilation system resistance test and a water circuit test are conducted, requiring that the total system airflow loss be ≤5% and the overall leakage rate of the water circulation system be controlled within ≤1.5%.

[0033] Working principle: When the external tunneling machine 1 is working, the exhaust axial flow fan 4 operates to generate suction negative pressure, drawing the dust-laden airflow in front of the external tunneling machine 1 into the air collection hood 10. The airflow passes sequentially through the fixed ring 8, universal ball 9, canvas pipe 25, primary cyclone dust collector 2, secondary wet dust collector 3, and exhaust axial flow fan 4, and is finally discharged through the outlet pipe 5.

[0034] During this operation, the dust concentration sensor array at the front end of the gas collection hood 10 senses the dust concentration in front in real time and feeds the data back to the mine control substation. The control substation analyzes the data to determine the location of the highest concentration or exceeding the threshold, and then drives the two explosion-proof electric push rods 12 to change the direction of the gas collection hood 10 through the universal joints 11 at both ends. During this process, the built-in or external angle / position sensors of the explosion-proof electric push rods 12 feed back the actual attitude data to the control substation in real time for closed-loop fine-tuning comparison until the suction inlet of the gas collection hood 10 is aligned with the main direction of dust, achieving dynamic intelligent tracking. Relying on the rotation of the universal ball 9 within the fixed ring 8, the suction angle of the gas collection hood 10 can be arbitrarily adjusted; the canvas tube 25, as a flexible component, ensures that the universal ball 9 does not affect the pipeline connection when rotating arbitrarily.

[0035] After the dust-laden airflow enters the first-stage cyclone dust collector 2, it generates centrifugal motion under the action of a high wind speed of not less than 25 m / s and the spiral blade assembly. Larger dust particles are separated from the center of the airflow and settle to the bottom. They are then conveyed to the rear of the external tunneling machine 1 by the screw conveyor 26 and discharged.

[0036] The airflow after primary filtration continues into the secondary wet dust collector 3. At this time, the drive motor 13 on the side wall runs, driving the eccentric wheel 14 to rotate, which in turn pushes the connecting column 16 and the rack 18 to slide linearly back and forth in the mounting sleeve 17 via the connecting rod 15; the rack 18 then drives the gear 20 to rotate, causing the nozzle pipe 21 to swing back and forth around the sealing shaft 23 at the top, expanding the water mist coverage area, causing the fine dust in the airflow to condense and settle. The nozzles on the nozzle pipe 21 are arranged in a staggered manner, forming a high-density water mist coverage area in the cavity when swinging.

[0037] Throughout the extraction and purification process, the control station implements an intelligent control strategy based on multi-sensor data fusion. The system uses data from the inlet airflow sensor and the outlet dust concentration sensor to diagnose the actual intake load in real time. When the dust concentration exceeds the limit, the control system automatically increases the speed of the extraction axial fan 4 via frequency conversion and simultaneously increases the spray volume of the secondary wet scrubber 3. Simultaneously, the system combines data from the inlet and outlet differential pressure sensors and temperature and humidity sensors to diagnose the operating status of the dust removal system in real time (such as whether the filter is clogged) and performs temperature and humidity calibration. This closed-loop linkage control mechanism, which adjusts airflow based on dust concentration, spray volume based on differential pressure, and performs temperature and humidity calibration, enables the dust removal system to reduce operating energy consumption while ensuring dust removal meets standards.

[0038] The wastewater containing dust is collected by the inclined bottom plate and discharged into the circulating water tank 6 on the tracked wheel chassis 7 through the sewage pipe. The circulating water tank 6 has a multi-stage sedimentation tank structure. The wastewater flows through the overflow pipe in stages, and the overflow process is completed through a dedicated pipeline system. This pipeline extends deep into the water tank cavity, which can effectively disturb the sludge deposited at the bottom while realizing the water discharge function. The concentration meter in the sedimentation chamber monitors the sludge concentration at the bottom in real time. When the detected value reaches the set threshold, the control system starts the sludge suction pump and quickly opens the pneumatic ball valve located at the bottom. Compared with the traditional electric valve, the rapid start and stop of the pneumatic ball valve in 2-3 seconds can generate a strong fluid impact force. Combined with the disturbance of the pipeline, it avoids the risk of sludge outlet blockage caused by sludge hardening and clumping.

[0039] After undergoing multi-stage sedimentation treatment, the purified water is pumped back to the main water pipe 22 for circulation spraying through the nozzle pipe 21. Simultaneously, the level gauge in the circulating water storage tank 6 monitors the water level in real time. When the level in the first sedimentation tank drops to a low critical value, the electromagnetic water replenishment valve is activated for rapid automatic water replenishment; water replenishment stops when the level rises to a high critical value, thus maintaining the normal water level of the purification system. Through the combined operation of the above systems, the dust collection rate of the entire airborne dust removal system can reach ≥98%, and the dust concentration of the gas discharged from the outlet pipe 5 is controlled at ≤50mg / m³, fully meeting the needs of efficient dust source control in underground tunneling faces.

Claims

1. A multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining, comprising a primary cyclone dust collector (2), characterized in that, The primary cyclone dust collector (2) is installed on the top of the external tunneling machine (1). A secondary wet dust collector (3) is installed at the rear end of the primary cyclone dust collector (2). An exhaust axial flow fan (4) is installed at the rear end of the secondary wet dust collector (3). An outlet pipe (5) is installed at the rear end of the exhaust axial flow fan (4). A tracked wheel chassis (7) is connected to the rear end of the external tunneling machine (1) via a traction winch (28). A circulating water storage tank (6) is installed on the top of the tracked wheel chassis (7). The first-stage cyclone dust collector (2) is provided with a conveying pipe (29) at the front end, and a connecting support block (27) is provided at the front end of the conveying pipe (29). A fixing ring (8) is fixedly connected to the front end of the connecting support block (27). A universal ball (9) is slidably connected inside the fixing ring (8). A gas collecting hood (10) is fixedly connected to the front end of the universal ball (9). A canvas tube (25) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the universal ball (9). The rear end of the canvas tube (25) is located at the front end of the conveying pipe (29).

2. The multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The front end of the fixed ring (8) is fixedly connected to two universal joints (11). Each of the two universal joints (11) is equipped with an explosion-proof electric push rod (12). The driving ends of the two explosion-proof electric push rods (12) are set outside the gas collection hood (10) through the corresponding other universal joint (11). Multiple dust concentration sensors are arranged in the fan-shaped area at the front end of the gas collection hood (10). The multiple dust concentration sensors are used to monitor the dust concentration in front to control the operation of the explosion-proof electric push rod (12). The explosion-proof electric push rod (12) has an angle sensor or a position sensor built in or placed outside. The angle sensor or position sensor and the dust concentration sensor work together with the mine control substation to form a closed-loop control system for tracking the direction of dust concentration.

3. The multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The first-stage cyclone dust collector (2) is equipped with a spiral blade assembly inside, and an auger conveyor (26) is provided at the bottom of the first-stage cyclone dust collector (2).

4. The multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The secondary wet dust collector (3) is equipped with multiple dust filter screens (24) inside. The secondary wet dust collector (3) is equipped with a main water pipe (22) inside. The bottom of the main water pipe (22) is rotatably connected to multiple nozzle pipes (21) through a sealing shaft (23). The bottom of each of the multiple nozzle pipes (21) is equipped with a gear (20). A drive motor (13) is installed on the side wall of the secondary wet dust collector (3). The drive end of the drive motor (13) is provided with multiple eccentric wheels (14). A connecting rod (15) is rotatably connected to the outside of the eccentric wheel (14). A connecting column (16) is rotatably connected to the other end of the connecting rod (15). The outside of the connecting column (16) passes through the shell of the secondary wet dust collector (3). A rack (18) is provided at one end of the connecting column (16) near the nozzle pipe (21). The rack (18) meshes with multiple gears (20). The rack (18) is slidably connected to an installation sleeve (17), the outer end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the secondary wet dust collector (3), and the outer shell (19) is fixedly connected to the outside of the installation sleeve (17).

5. A multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The gas collection hood (10) includes an inner shell and an outer shell arranged coaxially. A buffer gap is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell to suppress the backflow airflow. The port edge of the outer shell has an inwardly bent arc-shaped guide portion.

6. A multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The circulating water storage tank (6) is equipped with multiple sedimentation tanks connected in sequence, and adjacent tanks are connected by overflow pipes.

7. A multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... Each of the sedimentation tanks is provided with a funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber at its bottom. A concentration meter is installed in the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber to monitor the sludge concentration inside the chamber. A pneumatic ball valve or pneumatic butterfly valve is provided at the discharge point at the bottom of the funnel-shaped sedimentation chamber. The monitoring data from the concentration meter is used to control the rapid start and stop of the pneumatic ball valve or pneumatic butterfly valve to generate fluid impact force to prevent sludge blockage.

8. A multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... A level gauge is installed in the circulating water storage tank (6) to monitor the water level of the circulating water storage tank (6).

9. A multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The bottom of the secondary wet dust collector (3) is an inclined base plate. The multiple dust filter screens (24) are set above the inclined base plate. Multiple nozzles are fixedly connected to the outside of the nozzle pipe (21). A sewage discharge pipe is set at the bottom of the secondary wet dust collector (3). The sewage discharge pipe is connected to the inlet of the circulating water storage tank (6).

10. A multi-stage airborne dust removal and purification device for mining applications, as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The exhaust axial flow fan (4) is equipped with a variable frequency speed control system. The dust removal and purification device also includes an air volume sensor, a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the negative pressure at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust axial flow fan (4), and a temperature and humidity sensor. The variable frequency speed control system performs linkage control on the water spray system inside the exhaust axial flow fan (4) and the secondary wet dust collector (3) based on the data fusion of the dust concentration sensor, air volume sensor, differential pressure sensor and temperature and humidity sensor.

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