A mobile fire smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of fire rescue equipment, and particularly relates to a mobile fire field smoke negative pressure trapping and purifying device for fire rescue, which comprises a mobile base, universal mobile wheels are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the mobile base, support adjusting legs are telescopically installed on the two sides of the mobile base, a lifting type smoke trapping mechanism, a negative pressure induced trapping mechanism and a high-temperature smoke pretreatment mechanism are arranged on the mobile base, a controller and a multistage purification filtering mechanism are installed in the mobile base; the technical problems of serious smoke diffusion, insufficient purification capacity, difficult mobile deployment, poor adaptability in narrow scenes, incomplete smoke treatment and easy secondary pollution of the existing fire smoke exhaust equipment are solved, and the integrated operation of fixed-point trapping, accurate cooling, multistage deep purification and safe and low-noise emission of fire field smoke is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire rescue equipment technology, specifically referring to a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue. Background Technology

[0002] During a fire, a large amount of hazardous smoke is continuously generated at the fire scene. The smoke components mainly include high-temperature smoke particles, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfides, volatile organic pollutants, and various unburned products. This type of high-temperature and harmful smoke will severely obstruct the vision of rescue personnel, greatly increasing the difficulty of fire search and rescue and firefighting operations. In addition, the inhalation of toxic and harmful gases can cause poisoning, asphyxiation, and other safety accidents, seriously threatening the lives of firefighters and trapped personnel.

[0003] Currently, the methods for handling smoke at fire rescue sites are relatively limited, with the mainstream methods including positive pressure ventilation fans, fixed mechanical smoke extraction systems, and water mist spray dust suppression equipment. However, existing equipment and methods have several inherent drawbacks: First, traditional positive pressure smoke extraction methods often propel the smoke flow as a whole, which can easily lead to the large-scale spread of smoke at the fire scene, expanding the polluted area and the danger zone. Second, they cannot create a localized negative pressure adsorption effect in the core area of ​​the fire source or the smoke accumulation area, resulting in poor targeted smoke treatment and low efficiency. Third, existing smoke extraction equipment can only achieve smoke extraction or simple dust suppression; the discharged smoke has not undergone harmless purification treatment, and direct emission will cause secondary air pollution. Fourth, traditional smoke extraction and purification equipment is bulky and lacks mobility, making it difficult to quickly enter narrow fire areas such as corridors, underground pipe corridors, and small factory partitions, resulting in high deployment difficulty and limited adaptability.

[0004] In summary, the current market lacks an integrated fire-fighting smoke treatment equipment that can be quickly deployed, can form a local negative pressure capture area at a fixed point, and can simultaneously complete smoke cooling, dust removal, and harmful gas purification. This makes it difficult to meet the needs of efficient and safe smoke exhaust and purification operations in complex fire scenes and narrow spaces. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of existing fire smoke exhaust equipment, such as severe smoke diffusion, insufficient purification capacity, difficulty in mobile deployment, poor adaptability to narrow scenes, incomplete smoke treatment, and easy generation of secondary pollution, this invention provides a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue, which realizes integrated operation of fixed-point capture of fire scene smoke, precise cooling, multi-stage deep purification, and safe and low-noise emission.

[0006] To achieve the above functions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue, including a mobile base, with universal casters installed at the four corners of the bottom of the mobile base, and adjustable support legs that can be telescopically installed on both sides of the mobile base. The mobile base is provided with a lifting smoke capture mechanism, a negative pressure induction capture mechanism and a high temperature smoke pretreatment mechanism, and a controller and a multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism are installed inside the mobile base.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting flue gas collection mechanism includes a lifting column, a lifting seat, a rotating adjustment arm, and a flue gas collection hood. The lifting column is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the movable base, and the lifting seat is slidably disposed on the top of the lifting column and is adjusted up and down with the lifting column. One end of the rotating adjustment arm is connected to the sliding lifting seat, and the other end is hinged to the flue gas collection hood, which can realize multi-angle rotation adjustment.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas capture hood is a funnel-shaped cone structure with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part. A flue gas outlet connecting pipe is provided at the center of the upper end of the flue gas capture hood and is connected to the negative pressure induction capture mechanism through a heat-resistant hose. An annular suction port is fixedly installed circumferentially at the lower end of the flue gas capture hood. A fireproof and heat-insulating layer is attached to the inner wall of the flue gas capture hood and is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber composite material to block the thermal shock of high-temperature flue gas and protect the hood structure.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative pressure induced collection mechanism includes a high negative pressure fan, a negative pressure regulating valve, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a flow guiding pipe. One end of the heat-resistant flexible hose is connected to the flue gas outlet pipe of the flue gas collection hood, and the other end is connected in series with the first pressure sensor and the negative pressure regulating valve, and then sealed to the air inlet of the high negative pressure fan. The high negative pressure fan is mounted on a movable base, and the air outlet of the high negative pressure fan is fixedly connected to the flow guiding pipe. Multiple sets of guide plates are evenly arranged inside the flow guiding pipe, and the other end of the flow guiding pipe is connected to the air inlet of the swirl cooling chamber. The second pressure sensor is installed at the air inlet of the flow guiding pipe. A variable frequency drive module is independently installed inside the movable base and does not contact the flue gas pipe.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature flue gas pretreatment mechanism includes a swirling cooling chamber, inside which spiral guide vanes, a spray cooling assembly, and a temperature sensor are fixedly installed. After the high-temperature flue gas enters the swirling cooling chamber, it undergoes high-speed swirling motion under the action of the spiral guide vanes, and fully exchanges heat with the water mist sprayed by the spray cooling assembly to cool it down. At the same time, large particulate matter and sparks are separated and settled by centrifugal inertia, thus completing the flue gas pretreatment.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism sequentially includes a primary filtration component, a secondary electrostatic adsorption component, and a tertiary composite adsorption component along the flue gas flow direction. The primary filtration component uses a high-temperature resistant metal filter screen to intercept and remove residual sparks and large dust particles in the flue gas. The secondary electrostatic adsorption component includes a high-voltage electrode plate and a dust collection plate, which removes PM2.5 and smaller fine particulate matter through the principle of high-voltage electrostatic adsorption. The tertiary composite adsorption component includes a layered activated carbon layer and a molecular sieve adsorption layer, which adsorb and remove toxic and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, volatile organic pollutants, nitrogen oxides, and sulfides from the flue gas.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rear end of the three-stage composite adsorption component is connected to an exhaust pipe. The exhaust end of the three-stage composite adsorption component is fixedly connected to the inlet of a one-way anti-backflow valve through a first flange. The outlet of the one-way anti-backflow valve is fixedly connected to the inlet of a silencer module through a second flange. The outlet of the silencer module is connected to the exhaust pipe. The exhaust port of the exhaust pipe passes through the side wall of the movable base, faces upward, and is inclined to the rear. The one-way anti-backflow valve can prevent external smoke and flame backflow. The silencer module is used to reduce exhaust noise and stabilize exhaust airflow.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a smoke concentration detection module is provided between the smoke collection hood and the negative pressure fan, and between the multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism and the exhaust pipe, respectively, for detecting the smoke concentration in the fire scene before entering the purification system and the quality of the purified gas.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller is electrically connected to a temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a flue gas concentration detection module, a frequency converter drive module, and a negative pressure regulating valve. The controller collects flue gas temperature, pipeline negative pressure value, and flue gas pollutant concentration data in real time, and automatically adjusts the speed of the high negative pressure fan, the spray volume of the spray cooling component, and the opening of the negative pressure regulating valve to achieve stable negative pressure and adaptive adjustment of flue gas treatment parameters.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects by adopting the above structure: 1. By using local negative pressure induction technology, smoke is adsorbed at specific points in the smoke accumulation area, replacing the traditional positive pressure smoke pushing method. This prevents the large-scale spread of smoke from the source, effectively optimizes the working environment at the fire scene, and ensures the safety of rescue personnel. 2. It integrates multiple purification structures such as cyclone cooling, mechanical filtration, electrostatic adsorption, and composite adsorption, which can simultaneously remove high-temperature heat, particulate matter, and toxic and harmful gases from flue gas, achieving complete harmless treatment of flue gas and solving the problem of secondary pollution caused by direct exhaust of traditional flue gas equipment. 3. By monitoring the operating conditions in real time through multiple sensors, the fan speed, spray volume and negative pressure parameters are intelligently adjusted. It can adapt to different fire smoke conditions and always maintain the optimal capture and purification efficiency. It has a high degree of automation and strong operational stability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal and upper structure of the mobile base of a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vortex cooling chamber of a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stage purification module of a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a control system block diagram of a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue proposed in this invention.

[0017] The components include: 1. Movable base; 11. Universal casters; 12. Adjustable support legs; 2. Lifting flue gas collection mechanism; 21. Lifting column; 22. Lifting seat; 23. Rotary adjustment arm; 24. Flue gas collection hood; 25. Heat-resistant hose; 26. Annular suction inlet; 3. Negative pressure induction collection mechanism; 31. High negative pressure fan; 32. Negative pressure regulating valve; 33. Guide connecting pipe; 4. High-temperature flue gas pretreatment mechanism; 41. Swirl cooling chamber; 42. Spiral guide vanes; 43. Spray cooling assembly; 5. Controller; 6. Multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism; 61. Primary filter assembly; 62. Secondary electrostatic adsorption assembly; 63. Tertiary composite adsorption assembly; 7. Exhaust pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this invention discloses a mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue, comprising a mobile base 1. All four corners of the bottom of the mobile base 1 are fixedly equipped with omnidirectional casters 11, enabling the device to move flexibly in all directions, meeting the needs of rapid transfer in fire scenes and relocation deployment in confined spaces. Both sides of the mobile base 1 are retractably equipped with adjustable support legs 12. After the device is moved into position, the adjustable support legs 12 can extend to support the ground, and the weight-bearing capacity of the omnidirectional casters 11 can be retracted, ensuring the stability of the device during operation, preventing equipment swaying and deviation, and adapting to uneven fire scene ground environments.

[0021] The mobile base 1 is equipped with a lifting flue gas collection mechanism 2, a negative pressure induction collection mechanism 3, and a high-temperature flue gas pretreatment mechanism 4. The mobile base 1 is sealed with a controller 5 and a multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism 6. The various mechanisms work together to form a complete operation chain of flue gas collection, cooling pretreatment, multi-stage purification, and noise reduction emissions. The overall structure has a high degree of integration and a compact layout, which is suitable for the rapid operation requirements of fire rescue.

[0022] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the lifting flue gas collection mechanism 2 includes a lifting column 21, a lifting base 22, a rotating adjusting arm 23, and a flue gas collection hood 24. The lifting column 21 is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the movable base 1 and employs an electrically telescopic lifting structure. The lifting base 22 is slidably mounted on the top of the lifting column 21 and can precisely adjust its vertical height to accommodate flue gas collection areas of different heights.

[0023] One end of the rotating adjustment arm 23 is hinged to the lifting seat 22, and the other end is hinged to the smoke collection hood 24. Through the double hinge structure, the smoke collection hood 24 can be rotated and adjusted in multiple angles and directions, which can accurately target the smoke overflow point and the dead corner of the fire scene, solving the problem that traditional smoke exhaust equipment cannot specifically capture local smoke and has poor adaptability to narrow scenes.

[0024] The flue gas capture hood 24 adopts a flared cone structure, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top. The flared lower end increases the flue gas capture range and improves the fixed-point capture effect. A flue gas outlet connecting pipe is fixedly installed at the center of the upper end of the flue gas capture hood 24, and is sealed to the negative pressure induction capture mechanism 3 through a heat-resistant flexible hose 25, ensuring no leakage during the high-temperature flue gas transportation process. Circumferentially evenly spaced annular intake ports 26 are opened at the lower end of the flue gas capture hood 24. The annular arrangement of intake ports can adsorb diffused flue gas from all directions, further improving the capture efficiency.

[0025] Meanwhile, a fireproof and heat-insulating layer is attached to the inner wall of the smoke collection hood 24. This heat-insulating layer is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber composite material, which can effectively block the thermal shock of high-temperature smoke in the fire scene, avoid high-temperature burning damage to the structure of the collection hood, greatly improve the high-temperature resistance and service life of the equipment, and adapt to the high-temperature fire scene operation environment.

[0026] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the negative pressure induction and collection mechanism 3 includes a high negative pressure fan 31, a negative pressure regulating valve 32, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a flow guiding pipe 33. The end of the heat-resistant flexible hose 25 away from the flue gas collection hood 24 is connected in series with the first pressure sensor and the negative pressure regulating valve 32, and finally sealed to the air inlet end of the high negative pressure fan 31 to form a closed negative pressure air intake passage.

[0027] The high negative pressure fan 31 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the movable base 1. Its outlet end is fixedly and sealed to the guide pipe 33. Multiple sets of inclined guide plates are evenly arrayed inside the guide pipe 33, which can rectify and guide the drawn high-temperature flue gas, avoid flue gas turbulence and accumulation, and ensure smooth flue gas transportation. The other end of the guide pipe 33 is connected to the air inlet of the swirl cooling chamber 41 of the high-temperature flue gas pretreatment mechanism 4 to realize continuous flue gas transportation.

[0028] The second pressure sensor is fixedly installed at the inlet end of the flow guide pipe 33, working in conjunction with the first pressure sensor to monitor the negative pressure values ​​at both ends of the pipeline in real time. The movable base 1 has an independently installed frequency converter drive module, which is completely isolated from the flue gas pipeline, preventing direct contact with high-temperature, dusty flue gas, effectively avoiding equipment corrosion and short-circuit failures, and improving equipment operational safety. This mechanism uses a localized negative pressure-induced adsorption principle, replacing the traditional positive pressure smoke pushing method, to adsorb flue gas at a fixed point from the source, preventing large-scale spread of flue gas.

[0029] Combination Figure 3As shown, the core of the high-temperature flue gas pretreatment mechanism 4 is a swirling cooling chamber 41, which is equipped with a spiral guide vane 42, a spray cooling assembly 43, and a temperature sensor. The spiral guide vane 42 is spirally arranged around the inner wall of the swirling cooling chamber 41, which can guide the high-temperature flue gas entering the chamber to swirl at high speed; the spray cooling assembly 43 is evenly distributed inside the chamber, which can atomize and spray out cooling water mist.

[0030] In actual operation, high-temperature flue gas enters the swirling cooling chamber 41 through the guide pipe 33. Guided by the spiral guide vanes 42, it forms a high-speed swirling airflow, which fully contacts and exchanges heat with the fine water mist sprayed by the spray cooling component 43, quickly achieving precise cooling of the flue gas. Simultaneously, the high-speed swirling of the flue gas generates centrifugal inertial force, which separates and settles large particles of smoke, residual sparks, and solid impurities carried in the flue gas to the bottom of the chamber, completing the initial pre-treatment of flue gas purification. This effectively prevents large particles of impurities and high-temperature sparks from entering subsequent purification mechanisms, preventing clogging and burn-out of subsequent filter components, and laying the foundation for deep purification. A temperature sensor monitors the flue gas temperature inside the chamber in real time, providing data support for intelligent control.

[0031] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism 6 is arranged in series along the flue gas flow direction, consisting of a primary filtration component 61, a secondary electrostatic adsorption component 62, and a tertiary composite adsorption component 63, forming a three-stage gradient purification structure to achieve comprehensive and in-depth harmless treatment of flue gas.

[0032] Among them, the primary filter component 61 adopts a high-density, high-temperature resistant metal filter screen with uniform pore size, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. It can accurately intercept trace sparks and large dust particles remaining after flue gas pretreatment, realize the initial dust and impurity removal of flue gas, and protect the downstream precision purification components.

[0033] The secondary electrostatic adsorption component 62 includes a high-voltage electrode plate and a dust collection plate arranged opposite to each other. Through the principle of high-voltage electrostatic ionization, the fine particulate matter of PM2.5 and below in the flue gas is charged and then adsorbed onto the surface of the dust collection plate, which efficiently removes fine suspended dust in the flue gas and solves the defect of traditional filtration equipment that is difficult to purify ultrafine particulate matter.

[0034] The three-stage composite adsorption component 63 adopts a layered composite structure, which is composed of multiple layers of activated carbon and molecular sieve adsorption layers stacked alternately. It has a large specific surface area and strong adsorption performance. It can specifically adsorb and remove various toxic and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, volatile organic pollutants, nitrogen oxides, and sulfides in flue gas, completely eliminate the toxicity of flue gas, and avoid direct emission that causes secondary air pollution.

[0035] The outlet of the three-stage composite adsorption component 63 is fixedly and sealed to the inlet of the one-way anti-backflow valve via a first flange. The flange connection facilitates disassembly, maintenance, and replacement of parts. The outlet of the one-way anti-backflow valve is fixedly connected to the inlet of the silencer module via a second flange, and the outlet of the silencer module is connected to the exhaust pipe 7. The exhaust port of the exhaust pipe 7 is installed through the side wall of the movable base 1, and the exhaust port is arranged upward and inclined to the rear of the equipment to prevent the discharged clean gas from flowing back into the fire operation area, while also preventing ground debris and rainwater from flowing back into the equipment.

[0036] Among them, the one-way backflow prevention valve can effectively prevent external smoke and open flames from flowing back into the equipment, eliminating the risk of equipment backfire and fire, and ensuring operational safety; the silencing module adopts a multi-hole sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure, which can effectively reduce the noise of the equipment exhaust airflow, stabilize the exhaust airflow state, achieve low-noise operation, and improve the working environment at the rescue site.

[0037] The device is equipped with smoke concentration detection modules in the air inlet pipe between the smoke collection hood 24 and the high negative pressure fan 31, and in the exhaust pipe between the multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism 6 and the exhaust pipe 7. These modules can detect the original smoke concentration in the fire scene before entering the purification system and the quality of the exhaust gas after purification, thus enabling full monitoring of the smoke purification effect.

[0038] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the controller 5 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the smoke concentration detection module, the frequency converter drive module, and the negative pressure regulating valve 32 via wires, forming a fully automatic intelligent control system. During operation, the controller 5 can collect various operating condition data such as smoke temperature, pipeline negative pressure value, and smoke pollutant concentration in real time. Based on the built-in control program, it automatically adjusts the operating speed of the high negative pressure fan 31, the spray volume of the spray cooling component 43, and the opening of the negative pressure regulating valve 32. It can adapt to different smoke concentration, temperature, and flow conditions in different fire sites, always maintaining the optimal efficiency of smoke capture, cooling, and purification. It does not require repeated manual adjustments, has a high degree of automation, and strong operational stability.

[0039] In actual operation, the device is first quickly transported to the smoke accumulation area of ​​the fire scene using the universal casters 11, and the support adjustment legs 12 are extended to fix the device. The height of the smoke collection hood 24 is adjusted by the lifting column 21, and the collection angle is adjusted by the rotating adjustment arm 23 so that the annular suction port 26 is aligned with the smoke area. After the device is started, the high negative pressure fan 31 generates negative pressure suction, which captures the smoke from the fire scene at a fixed point through the smoke collection hood 24. The smoke enters the vortex cooling chamber 41 through the heat-resistant hose 25 to complete the cooling and separation of large particulate impurities. Then the smoke passes through the first-stage filtration, the second-stage electrostatic adsorption, and the third-stage composite adsorption to complete the deep purification, removing dust and toxic and harmful gases. The purified clean gas is safely discharged through the exhaust pipe 7 after passing through the one-way anti-backflow valve and the noise reduction and pressure stabilization module. The sensors monitor the working conditions in real time throughout the process, and the controller 5 adaptively adjusts the operating parameters to realize fully automatic integrated smoke purification operation.

[0040] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue, comprising a mobile base (1), wherein the four corners of the bottom of the mobile base (1) are equipped with universal casters (11), and both sides of the mobile base (1) are retractably equipped with adjustable support legs (12), characterized in that: The mobile base (1) is equipped with a lifting flue gas collection mechanism (2), a negative pressure induction collection mechanism (3) and a high temperature flue gas pretreatment mechanism (4). The mobile base (1) is equipped with a controller (5) and a multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism (6).

2. The mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting flue gas collection mechanism (2) includes a lifting column (21), a lifting seat (22), a rotating adjustment arm (23), and a flue gas collection hood (24). The lifting column (21) is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the movable base (1). The lifting seat (22) is slidably disposed on the top of the lifting column (21). One end of the rotating adjustment arm (23) is connected to the sliding lifting seat (22), and the other end is hinged to the flue gas collection hood (24).

3. A mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue according to claim 2, characterized in that: The smoke collection hood (24) is a horn-shaped cone structure with a smaller top and a larger bottom. The smoke collection hood (24) has a smoke outlet connecting pipe at the center of its upper end and is connected to the negative pressure induction collection mechanism (3) through a heat-resistant hose (25). The smoke collection hood (24) has an annular inlet (26) fixedly installed at the lower end of its circumference. The inner wall of the smoke collection hood (24) is fitted with a fireproof and heat-insulating layer.

4. A mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue according to claim 3, characterized in that: The negative pressure induction and collection mechanism (3) includes a high negative pressure fan (31), a negative pressure regulating valve (32), a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a flow guide pipe (33). One end of the heat-resistant hose (25) is connected to the flue gas outlet pipe of the flue gas collection hood (24), and the other end is connected in series with the first pressure sensor and the negative pressure regulating valve (32) and then sealed to the air inlet of the high negative pressure fan (31). The high negative pressure fan (31) is installed on the mobile base (1). The air outlet of the high negative pressure fan (31) is fixedly connected to the flow guide pipe (33). Multiple sets of flow guide plates are evenly arranged inside the flow guide pipe (33). The other end of the flow guide pipe (33) is connected to the air inlet of the swirl cooling chamber (41). The second pressure sensor is installed at the air inlet pipe of the flow guide pipe (33). A variable frequency drive module is independently installed inside the mobile base (1).

5. A mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-temperature flue gas pretreatment mechanism (4) includes a swirling cooling chamber (41), inside which are fixed spiral guide vanes (42), a spray cooling assembly (43) and a temperature sensor.

6. A mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism (6) includes, in sequence along the flue gas flow direction, a primary filtration component (61), a secondary electrostatic adsorption component (62), and a tertiary composite adsorption component (63). The primary filtration component (61) uses a high-temperature resistant metal filter screen. The secondary electrostatic adsorption component (62) includes a high-voltage electrode plate and a dust collection plate. The tertiary composite adsorption component (63) includes a layered activated carbon layer and a molecular sieve adsorption layer. The rear end of the tertiary composite adsorption component (63) is connected to an exhaust pipe (7).

7. A mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue according to claim 6, characterized in that: A flue gas concentration detection module is installed between the flue gas capture hood (24) and the negative pressure fan, as well as between the multi-stage purification and filtration mechanism (6) and the exhaust pipe (7).

8. A mobile fire scene smoke negative pressure capture and purification device for fire rescue according to claim 7, characterized in that: The controller (5) is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the flue gas concentration detection module, the frequency conversion drive module, and the negative pressure regulating valve (32).

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