A desulfurization system based on high-pressure water mist enhancement

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on high-pressure water mist intensification desulfurization system, including sequentially connected flue gas pretreatment section, high-pressure water mist intensification desulfurization section, efficient demisting section, depth purification section and purification discharge section;It also includes desulfurizer preparation and supply unit, intelligent collaborative control unit, slurry circulation processing unit, waste residue resource recovery unit and low-carbon energy-saving module.The desulfurization efficiency of the present application is high and multi-effect synergy: fusion high-pressure water mist physical reinforcement and catalytic chemical reinforcement, desulfurizer utilization rate is significantly improved, sulfur dioxide emission concentration can be reduced to below 10mg / m³, meet the demand of multi-pollutant collaborative management, dynamic adjustable nozzle array combined with predictive intelligent control, can according to flue gas concentration, flow fluctuation real-time optimization operation parameter, the adaptation time of sulfur dioxide concentration fluctuation is shortened to 5s, and the fluctuation range of desulfurization efficiency is controlled within ±2%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial flue gas treatment technology, specifically a desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement. Background Technology

[0002] Wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems are among the most widely used and technologically mature flue gas desulfurization technologies in coal-fired power plants. They are mainly used to remove sulfur dioxide from flue gas to reduce acid rain and air pollution. The core principle of wet FGD is to use alkaline absorbents such as limestone, lime, ammonia, and sodium hydroxide to react chemically with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to generate stable sulfates or sulfites, thereby achieving desulfurization.

[0003] Traditional wet desulfurization systems often employ spray layers to inject desulfurization slurry, which suffers from problems such as large atomized particle size, small gas-liquid contact area, and low desulfurizing agent utilization. Furthermore, the droplets carried by the desulfurized flue gas easily cause demister blockage and water corrosion of the chimney due to water in the clean gas. Additionally, the slow oxidation rate and long slurry residence time during the reaction process make it difficult to meet the deep desulfurization requirements of high-concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas. While existing high-pressure fine water mist desulfurization technology can improve gas-liquid contact efficiency, it still has many limitations: it relies solely on physical gas-liquid contact enhancement without incorporating catalytic reaction optimization; the nozzle parameters are fixed, making it unable to dynamically adapt to flue gas operating conditions; its function is limited, only removing sulfur dioxide, making it difficult to address the need for coordinated treatment of multiple pollutants; intelligent control is limited to passive feedback adjustment with slow response speed; waste residue is not utilized for resource recovery, resulting in limited environmental benefits; and the system's high energy consumption is inconsistent with the trend of low-carbon development.

[0004] High-pressure fine water mist has the characteristics of small atomized particle size, large specific surface area, and strong dispersion. Combining it with catalytic technology, dynamic adaptive structure, multi-pollutant treatment technology, intelligent control technology, and low-carbon energy-saving design can further break through the bottlenecks of traditional technologies and achieve comprehensive optimization of desulfurization efficiency, operating cost, and environmental benefits. It is an effective technical path to solve the pain points of existing desulfurization technologies. Therefore, we propose a desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement to solve the problems that need to be addressed in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement, comprising a flue gas pretreatment section, a high-pressure fine water mist enhanced desulfurization section, a high-efficiency demisting section, a deep purification section, and a purification emission section connected in sequence; It also includes a desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit, an intelligent collaborative control unit, a slurry circulation treatment unit, a waste residue resource recycling unit, and a low-carbon energy-saving module; The high-pressure fine water mist enhanced desulfurization section includes a desulfurization tower body, a multi-layer dynamic adjustable nozzle array, a desulfurizing agent slurry distributor, and turbulence enhancement components. The multi-layer dynamic adjustable nozzle array includes multiple dual-adjustable spiral nozzles with adjustable angle and particle size. Each dual-adjustable spiral nozzle is composed of a high-pressure plunger pump, a pressure stabilizing component, and a wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle. The atomization particle size of the dual-adjustable spiral nozzle is adjustable from 20 to 80 μm. The dual-adjustable spiral nozzles are arranged in a honeycomb pattern along the cross-section of the desulfurization tower, and the spray angle is infinitely adjustable from 30 to 120°. The spray direction of the dual-adjustable spiral nozzles forms an angle of 30 to 60° with the flue gas flow direction. The desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit mixes limestone or magnesium oxide with a composite catalyst to prepare a desulfurization slurry with a concentration of 10%–25%. The desulfurization slurry is mixed with atomized water from a high-pressure fine water mist nozzle via a desulfurizing agent slurry distributor. The desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit also includes a denitrification agent atomization branch, which sprays a 10%–15% urea solution with the desulfurization slurry water mist through an independent nozzle on the desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit. During the co-spraying, 0.1%–0.3% sodium bromide additive is added.

[0007] Traditional wet desulfurization systems often use spray layers to spray desulfurization slurry, which has problems such as large atomized particle size, small gas-liquid contact area, and low desulfurizing agent utilization. At the same time, the droplets carried by the flue gas after desulfurization can easily cause demister blockage and water corrosion of the chimney by the clean gas. In addition, the oxidation rate is slow and the slurry residence time is long during the reaction process, making it difficult to meet the deep desulfurization requirements of high-concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas. While existing high-pressure fine water mist desulfurization technology can improve gas-liquid contact efficiency, it still has many limitations: it relies solely on physical gas-liquid contact enhancement without incorporating catalytic reaction optimization; the nozzle parameters are fixed, making it unable to dynamically adapt to fluctuations in flue gas conditions; its function is limited, only removing sulfur dioxide, making it difficult to address the need for coordinated treatment of multiple pollutants; intelligent control is limited to passive feedback adjustment, resulting in slow response speed; waste residue is not utilized for resource recovery, limiting environmental benefits; and the system's operating energy consumption is high, which is inconsistent with the trend of low-carbon development. This invention offers high desulfurization efficiency and multi-effect synergy: it integrates high-pressure fine water mist physical enhancement and catalytic chemical enhancement, significantly improving the utilization rate of the desulfurizing agent and reducing sulfur dioxide emission concentration to below 10 mg / m³, meeting the needs of coordinated treatment of multiple pollutants; the dynamically adjustable nozzle array combined with predictive intelligent control can optimize operating parameters in real time based on fluctuations in flue gas concentration and flow rate, shortening the adaptation time to sulfur dioxide concentration fluctuations to 5 seconds, and controlling the desulfurization efficiency fluctuation range within ±2%. Within this invention, the slurry can be recycled, and the waste residue generated therein can be utilized as a resource. The consumption of desulfurizing agent is significantly reduced compared to traditional wet desulfurization. Combined with the low-carbon and energy-saving module, the overall operating cost is relatively low. Moreover, the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzles, online cleaning of the demister, and remote operation and maintenance via digital twins reduce the nozzle clogging rate, extend the continuous operation cycle of the equipment, and reduce the downtime rate. Furthermore, the synergy between solid waste resource utilization and low-carbon operation reduces carbon emissions, avoids secondary pollution, and meets the dual-carbon environmental protection upgrade requirements, especially suitable for complex flue gas scenarios with large fluctuations in sulfur dioxide concentration.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The high-efficiency demisting section is equipped with a two-stage demister. The first stage is a cyclone demister, and the second stage is a high-pressure fine water mist flushing demister. The high-pressure fine water mist flushing pressure is 8-15 MPa. The deep purification section uses a polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber membrane module that can secondary intercept residual sulfur dioxide and tiny droplets. The low-carbon energy-saving module includes a flue gas waste heat recovery device and a photovoltaic power supply unit. The waste heat recovery device uses the waste heat of the flue gas at the desulfurization tower outlet to heat the water used for desulfurization agent preparation. The photovoltaic power supply unit supplies power to the intelligent control unit and the low-pressure pump group.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: The turbulence enhancement component is a multi-layer porous turbulence plate, which is alternately arranged with a dual adjustable spiral nozzle array. The pore diameter of the multi-layer porous turbulence plate is 5-8 mm, and the porosity is 30%-40%. The amount of composite catalyst added is 0.5%-1% of the mass of the desulfurizer.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: The inner wall and outlet of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle are coated with a nano-silicon nitride composite coating with a thickness of 5-10 μm. The wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle has a single nozzle coverage area of ​​2-3 m², and the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is arranged at a density of 2-3 nozzles per square meter of desulfurization tower cross-section.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: The intelligent collaborative control unit includes a sulfur dioxide concentration sensor, a nitrogen oxide concentration sensor, an elemental mercury concentration sensor, a flue gas flow sensor, a flue gas temperature sensor, a slurry viscosity sensor, an online droplet size monitor, a tower internal pressure distribution sensor, and a PLC. The PLC main controller, through the edge computing module, fuses and analyzes multi-dimensional data to establish a predictive model. It adjusts the injection pressure, flow rate, atomized particle size, injection angle, and desulfurizing agent slurry and denitrifying agent supply in real time, 5-10 seconds in advance. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is less than or equal to 1000 mg / m³, the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is controlled at 90-120°, the atomized particle size at 50-80 micrometers, and the high-pressure plunger pump pressure at 10-12 MPa. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is greater than 1000 mg / m³ but less than or equal to 3000 mg / m³, the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is controlled at 60-90°, the atomized particle size at 30-50 μm, and the high-pressure plunger pump pressure at 15-18 MPa. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is greater than 3000 mg / m³... At the same time, control the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle to be 30-60°, the atomized particle size to be 20-40μm, and the pressure of the high-pressure plunger pump to be 18-22MPa, while adjusting the concentration of the desulfurization slurry to 20%-25%.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: The flue gas pretreatment section includes a baffle plate, a cooling component, and a pre-dust removal module. The cooling component reduces the flue gas temperature to 40–60°C, the baffle plate reduces the flue gas velocity to 3–5 m / s, and the pre-dust removal module removes dust particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or larger from the flue gas.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: The slurry circulation treatment unit includes a sedimentation tank, a filter press, and a pH adjustment tank. The slurry circulation unit is used to collect the slag-containing slurry at the bottom of the desulfurization tower. After the collected slag-containing slurry is subjected to sedimentation and filter press to remove waste residue, the pH value is adjusted to 8-9 and then returned to the desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: The waste residue resource recovery unit uses a combination of gravity separation and magnetic separation processes to separate and recover unreacted desulfurizing agent from the waste residue. The remaining waste residue is then modified by adding gypsum seed crystals at 60-80℃ to prepare industrial gypsum.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution: The intelligent collaborative control unit integrates a digital twin module, which builds a digital twin model of the desulfurization system. The digital twin model of the desulfurization system is used to collect equipment operating parameters in real time.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention has high desulfurization efficiency and multi-effect synergy: it integrates high-pressure fine water mist physical enhancement and catalytic chemical enhancement, which significantly improves the utilization rate of desulfurizing agent and reduces the sulfur dioxide emission concentration to below 10mg / m³, meeting the needs of multi-pollutant synergistic treatment. 2. The dynamically adjustable nozzle array combined with predictive intelligent control can optimize operating parameters in real time according to flue gas concentration and flow fluctuations, shortening the adaptation time to sulfur dioxide concentration fluctuations to 5 seconds, and controlling the desulfurization efficiency fluctuation range within ±2%. 3. The slurry in this invention can be recycled, and the waste residue generated therefrom can be utilized as a resource. The consumption of desulfurizing agent is significantly reduced compared with traditional wet desulfurization. Combined with the low-carbon energy-saving module, the overall operating cost is relatively low. 4. Moreover, the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzles, online cleaning of the demister, and remote operation and maintenance via digital twins reduce the nozzle clogging rate, extend the continuous operation cycle of the equipment, and reduce the downtime rate. Furthermore, the synergy of solid waste resource utilization and low-carbon operation reduces carbon emissions, avoids secondary pollution, and meets the dual-carbon environmental protection upgrade requirements, especially suitable for complex flue gas scenarios with large fluctuations in sulfur dioxide concentration. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: The present invention provides a technical solution: a desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement, comprising a flue gas pretreatment section, a high-pressure fine water mist enhanced desulfurization section, a high-efficiency demisting section, a deep purification section, and a purification emission section connected in sequence; It also includes a desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit, an intelligent collaborative control unit, a slurry circulation treatment unit, a waste residue resource recycling unit, and a low-carbon energy-saving module; The high-pressure fine water mist enhanced desulfurization section includes a desulfurization tower body, a multi-layer dynamic adjustable nozzle array, a desulfurizing agent slurry distributor, and turbulence enhancement components. The multi-layer dynamic adjustable nozzle array includes multiple dual-adjustable spiral nozzles with adjustable angle and particle size. Each dual-adjustable spiral nozzle is composed of a high-pressure plunger pump, a pressure stabilizing component, and a wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle. The output pressure of the high-pressure plunger pump is 10-22MPa, and the atomization particle size of the dual-adjustable spiral nozzle is adjustable from 20-80μm. The dual-adjustable spiral nozzles are arranged in a honeycomb pattern along the cross-section of the desulfurization tower, with a spray angle that is steplessly adjustable from 30-120°. The spray direction of the dual-adjustable spiral nozzles forms an angle of 30-60° with the flue gas flow direction, achieving gas-liquid reverse enhanced contact. The desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit mixes limestone or magnesium oxide with a composite catalyst to prepare a desulfurization slurry with a concentration of 10%–25%. This desulfurization slurry is then mixed with atomized water from a high-pressure fine water mist nozzle via a desulfurizing agent slurry distributor, forming a gas-liquid-solid three-phase catalytic reaction system to enhance the absorption and oxidation rate of SO2. The desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit also includes a denitrification agent atomization branch. This branch sprays a 10%–15% urea solution with the desulfurization slurry water mist through independent nozzles on the desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit. During this co-spraying, 0.1%–0.3% sodium bromide is added as an additive to achieve SO2 and NO... x Hg 0 Synchronous removal.

[0019] Among them, the dynamically adjustable nozzle array supports stepless adjustment of atomized particle size and spray angle, which can be precisely adapted to the concentration and flow fluctuation of sulfur dioxide in flue gas. Combined with the honeycomb staggered arrangement and the 30-60° gas-liquid counter-current angle design, it can significantly increase the gas-liquid contact area. Moreover, the superimposed turbulence enhancement components form a complex flow field, which avoids the direct emission of sulfur dioxide without treatment and extends the gas-liquid contact path. In addition, the three-phase catalytic reaction system constructed by composite catalyst accelerates the oxidation of sulfite, significantly improves the absorption and oxidation reaction rate of sulfur dioxide, and has better and more stable desulfurization efficiency. By employing a coordinated spray design of the denitrification agent atomization branch and the desulfurization slurry water mist, and simultaneously adding sodium bromide additive, SO2 and NO can be removed without the need for additional independent denitrification and mercury removal equipment. x Hg 0The integrated removal simplifies the system structure while meeting the requirements for the coordinated treatment of multiple pollutants in industrial flue gas, making it applicable to a wider range of scenarios; Furthermore, the three-phase catalytic reaction system promotes the full reaction between the desulfurizing agent and sulfur dioxide. The precise control of the dynamic nozzle avoids the problems of desulfurizing agent waste under low concentration conditions and insufficient reaction under high concentration conditions. Combined with the uniform mixing effect of desulfurization slurry and atomized water, the desulfurizing agent loss is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate is significantly improved compared with the traditional fixed parameter nozzle system. Moreover, the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle has a multi-dimensional adjustable design for pressure, particle size, and angle, which can adapt to sulfur dioxide flue gas conditions with different concentration ranges of 500-5000 mg / m³. It has a stronger ability to cope with industrial flue gas fluctuations. The wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle structure can reduce equipment wear, and the turbulence enhancement component optimizes the flow field uniformity, jointly ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system and reducing downtime caused by improper adaptation to operating conditions or equipment failure.

[0020] Example 2: The high-efficiency demisting section is equipped with a two-stage demister. The first stage is a cyclone demister, and the second stage is a high-pressure fine water mist flushing demister. The high-pressure fine water mist flushing pressure is 8-15MPa, which realizes online cleaning of scale on the surface of the demister, and the demisting efficiency is ≥99.8%. The deep purification section uses a polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber membrane module to perform secondary interception of residual sulfur dioxide and tiny droplets in the flue gas. The low-carbon energy-saving module includes a flue gas waste heat recovery device and a photovoltaic power supply unit. The waste heat recovery device uses the waste heat of the flue gas at the desulfurization tower outlet to heat the water used for desulfurization agent preparation. The photovoltaic power supply unit supplies power to the intelligent control unit and the low-pressure pump group.

[0021] The system employs a two-stage demister system. The first-stage cyclone demister efficiently separates most of the droplets, while the second-stage high-pressure fine water mist demister uses 8-15 MPa pressure to clean the demister surface online. This effectively prevents scaling and clogging, reduces manual cleaning and downtime, and further captures residual micro-droplets, thus solving the chimney corrosion problem caused by water carryover in the purified gas and ensuring long-term stable operation of the system. The PTFE hollow fiber membrane module in the deep purification stage can specifically trap residual sulfur dioxide and particles with a diameter of 1 μm or less in the flue gas. The device uses tiny droplets to achieve secondary purification of pollutants and droplets, further reducing sulfur dioxide emission concentration and meeting stricter environmental standards. The low-carbon, energy-saving module enables efficient resource recovery and clean energy utilization. The flue gas waste heat recovery device recovers waste heat from the desulfurization tower outlet to heat the water used for desulfurization agent preparation, enhancing desulfurization reaction activity while reducing additional heating energy consumption. The photovoltaic power supply unit provides power support for the intelligent control unit and low-pressure pump group, reducing reliance on traditional power grid energy consumption, lowering system operating costs and carbon emissions. Furthermore, waste heat recovery and photovoltaic power supply reduce system energy consumption fluctuations. These three elements work synergistically to improve overall operational reliability, while also considering environmental benefits and economic efficiency, meeting the long-term needs of industrial flue gas treatment.

[0022] The turbulence enhancement component is a multi-layer porous turbulence plate, which is alternately arranged with a dual adjustable spiral nozzle array. The pore diameter of the multi-layer porous turbulence plate is 5-8 mm, and the porosity is 30%-40%. The amount of composite catalyst added is 0.5%-1% of the desulfurizer mass. The inner wall and outlet of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle are coated with a nano-silicon nitride composite coating with a thickness of 5-10 μm. The wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is combined with the centrifugal self-cleaning structure of the spiral flow channel. The coverage area of ​​a single nozzle is 2-3 m². The arrangement density of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is 2-3 nozzles per square meter of desulfurization tower cross-section.

[0023] The system features an alternating arrangement of multi-layered porous turbulence plates and dual adjustable spiral nozzle arrays. Combined with a 5-8mm orifice diameter and a 30%-40% opening ratio, this design creates a complex flow field of swirling, impacting, and reversing flow in the flue gas. This completely eliminates the gas-liquid contact blind zone, ensuring thorough treatment of sulfur dioxide and significantly extending the contact path and reaction time between the fine water mist and the flue gas. Furthermore, the catalytic effect of the composite catalyst accelerates the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, further enhancing the absorption and reaction rate of sulfur dioxide, resulting in more stable desulfurization efficiency. The wear-resistant and anti-clogging nano-silicon nitride composite coating on the inner wall and outlet of the nozzles, combined with the centrifugal self-cleaning structure of the spiral flow channel, forms a double protection, effectively reducing the impact of slurry adhesion and dust abrasion on the nozzles. The system significantly reduces nozzle clogging and wear rates, extends nozzle lifespan, and decreases replacement and maintenance frequency. The complex flow field ensures more uniform mixing of the desulfurizing agent slurry with fine water mist and flue gas. The catalyst promotes a full reaction between the desulfurizing agent and sulfur dioxide, preventing waste caused by incomplete local reactions. Simultaneously, the dual-adjustable spiral nozzles, with a single nozzle coverage area of ​​2-3 square meters and a density of 2-3 nozzles per square meter, ensure uniform distribution of the desulfurizing agent within the cross-section of the desulfurization tower, further improving desulfurizing agent utilization and reducing consumption. Furthermore, the turbulence plate optimizes flow field uniformity, preventing local operating condition fluctuations from affecting the desulfurization effect. The nozzles' high wear resistance and anti-clogging performance reduce equipment downtime due to malfunctions, eliminating the need for frequent disassembly and cleaning.

[0024] Example 3: The intelligent collaborative control unit includes a sulfur dioxide concentration sensor, a nitrogen oxide concentration sensor, an elemental mercury concentration sensor, a flue gas flow sensor, a flue gas temperature sensor, a slurry viscosity sensor, an online droplet size monitor, a tower internal pressure distribution sensor, and a PLC. The PLC main controller, through the edge computing module, fuses and analyzes multi-dimensional data to establish a predictive model. It adjusts the injection pressure, flow rate, atomized particle size, injection angle, and desulfurizing agent slurry and denitrifying agent supply in real time, 5-10 seconds in advance. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is less than or equal to 1000 mg / m³, the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is controlled at 90-120°, the atomized particle size at 50-80 micrometers, and the high-pressure plunger pump pressure at 10-12 MPa. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is greater than 1000 mg / m³ but less than or equal to 3000 mg / m³, the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is controlled at 60-90°, the atomized particle size at 30-50 μm, and the high-pressure plunger pump pressure at 15-18 MPa. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is greater than 3000 mg / m³... At the same time, control the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle to be 30-60°, the atomized particle size to be 20-40μm, and the pressure of the high-pressure plunger pump to be 18-22MPa, while adjusting the concentration of the desulfurization slurry to 20%-25%.

[0025] This system integrates multi-dimensional sensors to achieve comprehensive perception of the entire desulfurization system's operating conditions, avoiding control deviations caused by monitoring a single parameter. Through edge computing modules, it fuses and analyzes multi-source data to establish predictive models, proactively adjusting operating parameters 5-10 seconds in advance, rather than passively responding to changes in operating conditions. This significantly shortens the system's adaptation time to fluctuations in flue gas sulfur dioxide concentration, solving the problems of delayed response and unstable efficiency in traditional passive control. Based on the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration, it divides the system into three control zones, specifically matching the nozzle spray angle, atomized particle size, and pump pressure. This achieves precise adaptation for energy-saving operation at low concentrations and strong desulfurization at medium and high concentrations. At low concentrations, the nozzle angle and particle size are increased, and the pump pressure is reduced, decreasing the consumption of desulfurizing agent, water resources, and electricity. At medium and high concentrations, the angle is reduced, the particle size is decreased, and the pressure is increased. This system enhances gas-liquid contact and reaction, and simultaneously incorporates concentration sensor data. While adjusting desulfurization-related parameters, it also optimizes the supply of denitrifying agent to ensure that materials in the flue gas can simultaneously achieve the treatment target. This avoids the situation where the control of a single pollutant leads to excessive emissions of other pollutants, meeting the environmental protection requirements for the coordinated treatment of multiple pollutants. It eliminates the need for an additional independent control system, simplifying the control logic while improving the overall treatment effect. Through sensors such as pressure distribution within the tower, slurry viscosity, and droplet size, it monitors the equipment's operating status and reaction environment in real time, promptly detecting potential anomalies and mitigating the escalation of faults through parameter adjustments, thus reducing the number of equipment downtimes. The three-level precise control logic is clear, enabling adaptive operation under all working conditions without manual intervention, reducing the intensity of manual maintenance and decision-making difficulty, and further compressing maintenance costs.

[0026] The flue gas pretreatment section includes a guide plate, a cooling component, and a pre-dust removal module. The cooling component reduces the flue gas temperature to 40–60°C. The guide plate reduces the flue gas velocity to 3–5 m / s. The pre-dust removal module removes dust particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or larger from the flue gas, ensuring a gas-liquid contact time of ≥2 seconds to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from evaporating fine water mist particles and dust from wearing down the nozzles.

[0027] The cooling component precisely controls the flue gas temperature between 40-60℃, effectively preventing the evaporation of fine water mist particles by high-temperature flue gas and ensuring that the fine water mist maintains a stable atomization state. Simultaneously, the guide plate controls the flue gas velocity at 3-5m / s, combined with a gas-liquid contact time of at least 2 seconds, providing a stable environment for sufficient contact and reaction between the subsequent high-pressure fine water mist, desulfurizing agent, and flue gas. This avoids incomplete reactions caused by excessively high temperatures or flow rates. The pre-dust removal module specifically removes dust particles with a diameter ≥10μm from the flue gas, reducing the impact and wear of dust on the subsequent high-pressure fine water mist nozzles from the source. This prevents dust from clogging the nozzle channels or adhering to the nozzle surface, affecting the atomization effect. Dust removal avoids interference with the gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction. Furthermore, the stable temperature and flow rate environment allows for more uniform mixing of the desulfurizing agent slurry and fine water mist, resulting in a more even distribution of flue gas within the desulfurization tower. This lays the foundation for efficient reactions in the subsequent desulfurization stage, indirectly improving the utilization rate of the desulfurizing agent and the sulfur dioxide removal efficiency.

[0028] The slurry circulation treatment unit includes a sedimentation tank, a filter press, and a pH adjustment tank. The slurry circulation unit is used to collect the slag-containing slurry at the bottom of the desulfurization tower. After collection, the slag-containing slurry is subjected to sedimentation and filter press to remove waste residue. After adjusting the pH value to 8-9, it is returned to the desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit. The slurry recycling rate is ≥97%.

[0029] The waste residue resource recovery unit uses a combination of gravity separation and magnetic separation processes to separate and recover unreacted desulfurizing agent from the waste residue. The remaining waste residue is then modified by adding gypsum seed crystals at 60-80℃ to prepare industrial gypsum.

[0030] The intelligent collaborative control unit integrates a digital twin module, which builds a digital twin model of the desulfurization system. The digital twin model of the desulfurization system is used to collect equipment operating parameters in real time, realize the visualization simulation of system operating status, fault early warning and operation and maintenance plan optimization, and support remote start and stop, parameter adjustment and fault diagnosis.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A desulfurization system enhanced by high-pressure fine water mist, characterized in that: It includes a flue gas pretreatment section, a high-pressure fine water mist enhanced desulfurization section, a high-efficiency demisting section, a deep purification section, and a purified emission section connected in sequence. It also includes a desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit, an intelligent collaborative control unit, a slurry circulation treatment unit, a waste residue resource recycling unit, and a low-carbon energy-saving module; The high-pressure fine water mist enhanced desulfurization section includes a desulfurization tower body, a multi-layer dynamic adjustable nozzle array, a desulfurizing agent slurry distributor, and turbulence enhancement components. The multi-layer dynamic adjustable nozzle array includes multiple dual-adjustable spiral nozzles with adjustable angle and particle size. Each dual-adjustable spiral nozzle is composed of a high-pressure plunger pump, a pressure stabilizing component, and a wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle. The atomization particle size of the dual-adjustable spiral nozzle is adjustable from 20 to 80 μm. The dual-adjustable spiral nozzles are arranged in a honeycomb pattern along the cross-section of the desulfurization tower, and the spray angle is infinitely adjustable from 30 to 120°. The spray direction of the dual-adjustable spiral nozzles forms an angle of 30 to 60° with the flue gas flow direction. The desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit mixes limestone or magnesium oxide with a composite catalyst to prepare a desulfurization slurry with a concentration of 10%–25%. The desulfurization slurry is mixed with atomized water from a high-pressure fine water mist nozzle via a desulfurizing agent slurry distributor. The desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit also includes a denitrification agent atomization branch, which sprays a 10%–15% urea solution with the desulfurization slurry water mist through an independent nozzle on the desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit. During the co-spraying, 0.1%–0.3% sodium bromide additive is added.

2. The desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-efficiency demisting section is equipped with a two-stage demister. The first stage is a cyclone demister, and the second stage is a high-pressure fine water mist flushing demister. The high-pressure fine water mist flushing pressure is 8-15 MPa. The deep purification section uses a polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber membrane module that can secondary intercept residual sulfur dioxide and tiny droplets. The low-carbon energy-saving module includes a flue gas waste heat recovery device and a photovoltaic power supply unit. The waste heat recovery device uses the waste heat of the flue gas at the desulfurization tower outlet to heat the water used for desulfurization agent preparation. The photovoltaic power supply unit supplies power to the intelligent control unit and the low-pressure pump group.

3. The desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turbulence enhancement component is a multi-layer porous turbulence plate, which is alternately arranged with a dual adjustable spiral nozzle array. The pore diameter of the multi-layer porous turbulence plate is 5-8 mm, and the porosity is 30%-40%. The amount of composite catalyst added is 0.5%-1% of the mass of the desulfurizer.

4. The desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall and outlet of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle are coated with a nano-silicon nitride composite coating with a thickness of 5-10 μm. The wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle has a single nozzle coverage area of ​​2-3 m², and the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle is arranged at a density of 2-3 nozzles per square meter of desulfurization tower cross-section.

5. A desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent collaborative control unit includes a sulfur dioxide concentration sensor, a nitrogen oxide concentration sensor, a mercury concentration sensor, a flue gas flow sensor, a flue gas temperature sensor, a slurry viscosity sensor, an online droplet size monitor, a tower pressure distribution sensor, a PLC main controller, and an edge computing module. The PLC main controller uses the edge computing module to fuse and analyze multi-dimensional data, establish a predictive model, and adjust the high-pressure fine water mist injection pressure, flow rate, atomized particle size, injection angle, and desulfurizing agent slurry supply and denitrifying agent supply in real time 5-10 seconds in advance. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is less than or equal to 1000 mg / m³, the system controls the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle injection angle to 90-120°, the atomized particle size to 50-80 micrometers, and the high-pressure plunger pump pressure to 10-12 MPa. When the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is greater than 1000 mg / m³ and less than or equal to 3000 mg / m³, control the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle to 60-90°, the atomized particle size to 30-50 μm, and the pressure of the high-pressure plunger pump to 15-18 MPa; when the inlet sulfur dioxide concentration is greater than 3000 mg / m³, control the spray angle of the wear-resistant and anti-clogging nozzle to 30-60°, the atomized particle size to 20-40 μm, and the pressure of the high-pressure plunger pump to 18-22 MPa, while adjusting the concentration of the desulfurization slurry to 20%-25%.

6. A desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flue gas pretreatment section includes a baffle plate, a cooling component, and a pre-dust removal module. The cooling component reduces the flue gas temperature to 40–60°C, the baffle plate reduces the flue gas velocity to 3–5 m / s, and the pre-dust removal module removes dust particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or larger from the flue gas.

7. A desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 6, characterized in that: The slurry circulation treatment unit includes a sedimentation tank, a filter press, and a pH adjustment tank. The slurry circulation unit is used to collect the slag-containing slurry at the bottom of the desulfurization tower. After the collected slag-containing slurry is subjected to sedimentation and filter press to remove waste residue, the pH value is adjusted to 8-9 and then returned to the desulfurizing agent preparation and supply unit.

8. A desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 7, characterized in that: The waste residue resource recovery unit uses a combination of gravity separation and magnetic separation processes to separate and recover unreacted desulfurizing agent from the waste residue. The remaining waste residue is then modified by adding gypsum seed crystals at 60-80℃ to prepare industrial gypsum.

9. A desulfurization system based on high-pressure fine water mist enhancement according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intelligent collaborative control unit integrates a digital twin module, which builds a digital twin model of the desulfurization system. The digital twin model of the desulfurization system is used to collect equipment operating parameters in real time.