Multi-effect collaborative purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of environmental protection engineering technology, disclose a kind of dangerous waste incineration flue gas multi-effect collaborative purification device, including equipment chassis, fixedly installed in the scrubber of equipment chassis top and solution circulating device, the communication of the scrubber and solution circulating device is equipped with spray pipe, it further includes the spray mechanism and dynamic reaction cluster mechanism being arranged in the scrubber interior;Through dynamic reaction cluster mechanism, the problem that packing cannot be dynamically solved, driving motor is driven two chassis alternating lifting by threaded rod, drives the lifting hollow column movement of inner ring, outer ring and middle ring packing cluster, so that silk bundle-like packing is periodically in fluffy or tight state, fluffy state greatly increases specific surface area, improves mass transfer and purification efficiency;Tight state makes packing silk bundle gather, structure compact, both reduce the random attachment of pollutant in operation, more for subsequent periodic high-pressure flushing creates favorable flow channel conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental engineering technology, and in particular to a multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas. Background Technology

[0002] The flue gas generated from the incineration of hazardous waste has a complex composition, containing acidic gases, heavy metals, and highly toxic pollutants such as dioxins. Its efficient purification is a major challenge in the environmental protection field. Traditional flue gas purification often employs wet scrubbing towers, with packing material inside to increase the gas-liquid contact area. However, fixed packing materials are prone to blockage by particulate crystallization during long-term operation, leading to increased pressure drop, decreased efficiency, and frequent shutdowns for cleaning. While existing technologies attempt to alleviate these issues through multi-tower series connection or zoned flushing, they suffer from problems such as large equipment size, high energy consumption, and inability to operate continuously and efficiently. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multi-effect synergistic purification device that can be integrated into a single tower, achieving dynamic coordination of purification and anti-clogging functions, and continuous high-efficiency operation. This would address the industry pain point of the difficulty in balancing purification efficiency and operational stability in traditional technologies.

[0003] The existing technology has the following drawbacks: The inability to dynamically adjust the packing structure: Existing scrubbing towers generally use fixed-bed packing layers, whose static structure has inherent defects when facing complex particulate matter, crystalline salts, and viscous byproducts in hazardous waste flue gas. Because the packing has a fixed shape and is densely packed, solid substances in the flue gas easily deposit and crystallize within the packing filaments and gaps, accumulating continuously. This process directly leads to a sharp decrease in the effective mass transfer surface area of ​​the packing and a narrowing of the airflow channels within the tower, resulting in a continuous increase in system pressure drop. The serious consequence is a significant decrease in purification efficiency (such as acid removal and dust removal efficiency) over operating time, forcing frequent system interruptions for manual cleaning or chemical soaking, severely impacting the continuity and economy of the unit's operation.

[0004] The inability to seamlessly integrate deep cleaning functionality during continuous operation: Existing technologies often employ a time-sharing or zone-isolated "purification-cleaning" operation mode. For example, multiple towers are connected in series to achieve one tower in operation and another in standby for cleaning, or isolable packing modules are installed within a single tower for alternating flushing. This mode essentially treats "purification" and "anti-clogging cleaning" as two independent, even mutually exclusive, processes in time and space. The direct consequence is that to maintain cleaning, it is necessary to add large backup equipment or complex isolation valve systems, resulting in high equipment investment and land costs. More importantly, during the cleaning cycle, the effective purification capacity is forced to decrease, making it impossible to achieve continuous and efficient purification at all times and under all loads. As a result, the overall energy efficiency and operational stability of the device are fundamentally constrained. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Given the limitations of existing technologies, such as the inability to dynamically adjust the packing structure and the inability to seamlessly integrate deep cleaning functions during continuous operation, a multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas is proposed.

[0006] This application provides a multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas. Its purpose is to: introduce a dynamic packing structure that can be periodically disturbed, and combine it with an online cleaning system integrated in the tower, so as to achieve self-cleaning of the packing surface and dynamic recovery of purification efficiency without the need for shutdown and isolation, thereby achieving synergy between blockage prevention and efficient purification in time and space, and ultimately ensuring that the device can operate efficiently, continuously, stably and for a long time.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas, including a base frame, a scrubbing tower and a solution circulation device fixedly installed on the top of the base frame, wherein a spray pipe is connected between the scrubbing tower and the solution circulation device, and further includes a spraying mechanism and a dynamic reaction cluster mechanism disposed inside the scrubbing tower. The dynamic reaction cluster mechanism includes a hollow support plate fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower and two drive boxes. Multiple packing cluster assemblies are provided on the top of the hollow support plate, and lightweight inner and outer ring base frames and lightweight middle ring base frames are provided below the hollow support plate. The lightweight inner and outer ring base frames and lightweight middle ring base frames move up and down alternately, driving the corresponding packing cluster assemblies to open or tighten. The spraying mechanism includes a spray frame fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower. Multiple nozzle assemblies are installed at the bottom of the spray frame. The spray frame is connected to the spray pipe. The nozzle assembly includes a solution nozzle fixedly installed at the bottom of the spray frame. Multiple external spray holes and multiple internal spray holes are opened on the outer wall of the solution nozzle.

[0008] Using the above scheme, the physical state of the corresponding packing cluster assembly is periodically changed by driving the lightweight inner and outer ring bases and the lightweight middle ring base to move alternately up and down: one area is in a fluffy state to provide a large specific surface area for deep purification; while another area is in a tightened state to facilitate rinsing and cleaning of the packing surface. The spray mechanism continuously sprays washing liquid to wet the packing and rinse the surface. When deep cleaning of the middle ring packing cluster assembly is required, the extreme upward movement of the lightweight middle ring base will simultaneously close the corresponding outer spray hole, so that the washing liquid is ejected only from the inner spray hole as a high-pressure jet, targeting and rinsing the interior of the extremely stretched packing, achieving deep unblocking without stopping the machine.

[0009] Furthermore, the packing cluster assembly includes a petal-shaped base fixedly connected to the top of the hollow support plate, a lifting hollow column slidably connected to the inner wall of the petal-shaped base, a petal-shaped top platform fixedly connected to the top of the lifting hollow column, and multiple limiting shafts rotatably connected to the inner walls of both the petal-shaped base and the petal-shaped top platform, with filamentous packing fixedly connected between two of the limiting shafts on the same vertical line.

[0010] Using the above scheme, the distance between the top and bottom petal-shaped platforms of the hollow column is changed by sliding the lifting hollow column up and down within the petal-shaped base. This change in distance affects the filamentous packing material fixed at both ends to the limiting shafts. When the lightweight inner ring base sinks, it causes the corresponding hollow column to descend, reducing the distance between the top and bottom petal-shaped platforms. At this point, the filamentous packing material becomes extremely loose due to relaxation, maximizing its internal porosity and specific surface area, thus transforming into a core reaction zone for efficient adsorption and deep purification. This process alternates with the tightening state described above, jointly achieving the periodic dynamic control of the packing material's physical state.

[0011] Furthermore, the plurality of lifting hollow columns are distributed from the inside out as an inner ring, a middle ring, and an outer ring. The bottom of the inner ring and outer ring lifting hollow columns are fixedly connected to the top of the lightweight inner and outer ring base frame, and the bottom of the middle ring lifting hollow column is fixedly connected to the top of the lightweight middle ring base frame.

[0012] Furthermore, a drive motor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the drive box, and the output shaft of the drive motor is fitted with a threaded rod. The two threaded rods are respectively threadedly connected to the lightweight inner and outer ring base and the lightweight middle ring base. The outer walls of the lightweight inner and outer ring base and the lightweight middle ring base are slidably connected to the inner walls of the corresponding drive boxes.

[0013] Using the above scheme, a transmission system composed of drive motors and threaded rods in two drive boxes independently drives the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames and the lightweight middle ring base frame, and controls their precise sliding positions on the inner wall of the drive box. The bottom of the lifting hollow column of the inner and outer rings is fixed to the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames, and the bottom of the lifting hollow column of the middle ring is fixed to the lightweight middle ring base frame. This achieves independent and precise lifting control of the packing clusters in the three annular areas within the tower. This allows for differentiated settings and periodic alternation of the packing states in the inner, outer, and middle rings as needed, providing core mechanical power for zoned and functional purification and cleaning rotation.

[0014] Furthermore, a fixing ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the solution nozzle, and a flow-blocking sliding frame is slidably connected to the outer wall of the solution nozzle. A first telescopic spring is fixedly connected between the bottom of the fixing ring and the inner wall of the flow-blocking sliding frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the spraying mechanism also includes a lightweight inner and outer ring top frame and a lightweight middle ring top frame disposed on the top of the spraying frame. The bottom of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame and the lightweight middle ring top frame are fixedly connected to a plurality of downward pressure bars, and the bottom of the downward pressure bars abuts against the top of the corresponding flow-blocking sliding frame.

[0016] By employing the above scheme, a linkage actuator consisting of a lightweight central ring top frame and a downward pressure bar is set up, which works in conjunction with an adjustment mechanism inside the nozzle consisting of a flow-blocking sliding frame and a first telescopic spring to achieve dynamic control of the solution nozzle spray mode. Under normal conditions, the spring force keeps the flow-blocking sliding frame in place, with both inner and outer spray holes fully open, forming full-section atomized spraying, adapting to the wetting and surface scouring needs of different types of fillers during dynamic alternation. When deep cleaning is required, the top frame drives the downward pressure bar to press down the flow-blocking sliding frame in the corresponding area, completely blocking the outer spray hole. The washing liquid is then ejected at high speed only from the inner spray hole, forming a vertical high-pressure concentrated jet that precisely impacts and removes deep blockages in specific fillers. This achieves intelligent switching between wide-area atomization and targeted high-pressure impact spraying modes.

[0017] Furthermore, two trigger boxes are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower. The inner wall of the trigger box is rotatably connected to a free lever. The outer walls of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frames and the lightweight middle ring top frame are slidably connected to the inner walls of the corresponding trigger boxes. The bottom of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frames and the lightweight middle ring top frame are all fixedly connected to the inner walls of the corresponding trigger boxes.

[0018] Furthermore, a trigger rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the trigger box, and the two free levers are respectively located between the lightweight inner and outer ring top frames and the corresponding trigger rods, and between the lightweight middle ring top frame and the corresponding trigger rods.

[0019] Furthermore, the trigger rod corresponding to the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame is located above the lightweight inner and outer ring bottom frame, and the trigger rod corresponding to the lightweight middle ring top frame is located above the lightweight middle ring bottom frame.

[0020] The above-described scheme utilizes a trigger box installed on the inner wall of the scrubbing tower, along with a second telescopic spring, trigger rod, and free lever connected to the lightweight inner and outer ring top frames and the lightweight middle ring top frame. These components together form the triggering and automatic reset system for the top frame. During standard dynamic alternation, the base frame does not contact the trigger rod, and the top frame remains in its initial position under the spring force, resulting in wide-area atomization of the spray. When the lightweight middle ring base frame moves upwards beyond its normal travel limit due to deep cleaning requirements, its top end abuts against and lifts the trigger rod above. The upward movement of the trigger rod drives the free lever to rotate, thereby using leverage to press down the corresponding lightweight middle ring top frame, achieving precise triggering of the nozzle action by the pressure bar. After the base frame resets, the top frame automatically rises and resets under the tension of the second telescopic spring, and the spray resumes its atomization mode. This achieves mechanical linkage and automatic reset between the spray mode and the packing status during specific deep cleaning stages, eliminating the need for additional sensors and controls.

[0021] Furthermore, the outer wall of the washing tower is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, with the air inlet located below the hollow support plate and the air outlet located above the spray frame.

[0022] Using the above scheme, the flue gas is guided from bottom to top through the packing area and spray area through the set air inlet and outlet, ensuring that it is fully in contact with the washing liquid before being purified and discharged.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The dynamic reaction cluster mechanism solves the problem of the packing's inability to move dynamically. The drive motor drives the two base frames to rise and fall alternately via a threaded rod, causing the hollow columns of the inner, outer, and middle ring packing clusters to move. This periodically puts the filamentous packing into a loose or tight state. The loose state greatly increases the specific surface area, improving mass transfer and purification efficiency; the tight state makes the packing filaments gather and the structure dense, reducing the random adhesion of pollutants during operation and creating favorable flow channel conditions for subsequent periodic high-pressure flushing. This dynamic structure effectively breaks the deposition balance between particulate matter and crystalline salt, preventing the clogging tendency of fixed-bed packing from the root, achieving continuous and stable purification efficiency, and avoiding the problem of frequent shutdowns due to pressure drop.

[0024] 2. Through the mechanical linkage between the spray mechanism and the dynamic mechanism, the deep cleaning function is seamlessly integrated during continuous operation. During regular alternating purification, all spray holes are opened for wide-area atomized spraying. When a specific area of ​​the packing needs deep cleaning, the corresponding base frame is raised to its limit position. The corresponding top frame is pressed down by the trigger rod and lever mechanism, driving the lower pressure bar to close the outer spray hole of the nozzle in that area. At this time, the washing liquid is only ejected from the inner spray hole as a high-pressure concentrated jet, precisely flushing the inside of the packing in a tightened and stretched state. This process is automatically triggered and reset through pure mechanical linkage, so that the deep cleaning function and the main purification process are seamlessly coordinated in time and space. This ensures that a single tower can achieve continuous and efficient operation at all times, completely eliminating the need for shutdown isolation or backup equipment required by traditional processes.

[0025] 3. The purely mechanical triggering and reset system achieves a high degree of autonomy and reliability in operation control, significantly reducing system complexity and energy consumption. When the base frame moves within its normal stroke, it does not contact the trigger rod, and the top frame remains in a high position under the action of the spring, with spraying in atomization mode. Only when the base frame reaches its limit position due to deep cleaning requirements will the trigger rod be lifted, and the corresponding top frame will be pressed down by the lever to switch the spraying mode. After cleaning is completed, the base frame resets, and the top frame automatically resets under the action of the spring, and the spraying resumes atomization. The entire mode switching does not require external sensors, controllers, or isolation valves. The structure is simple and the operation is reliable, fundamentally avoiding the problems of equipment redundancy, high energy consumption, and complex control caused by traditional multi-tower series or zone isolation, thus improving the economy and operational stability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray pipe of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filler cluster assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hollowed-out support plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filamentous filler in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting hollow column of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray frame of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the flow-blocking sliding frame structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the free lever structure of the present invention; Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the triggering process of the trigger lever of the present invention.

[0027] In the picture: 1. Equipment base frame; 2. Scrubbing tower; 21. Air inlet; 22. Air outlet; 3. Spray pipe; 4. Solution circulation device; 5. Spraying mechanism; 51. Spray frame; 52. Spray head assembly; 521. Solution spray head; 522. External spray hole; 523. Internal spray hole; 524. Flow-blocking sliding frame; 525. First telescopic spring; 526. Fixing ring; 53. Lightweight inner and outer ring top frame; 54. Lightweight middle ring top frame; 55. Lower pressure bar; 56. Trigger. Box; 561, Free lever; 562, Trigger rod; 563, Second telescopic spring; 6, Dynamic reaction cluster mechanism; 61, Drive box; 611, Drive motor; 612, Threaded rod; 62, Lightweight inner and outer ring base frame; 63, Lightweight middle ring base frame; 64, Hollow bearing plate; 65, Packing cluster assembly; 651, Petal-shaped top platform; 652, Lifting hollow column; 653, Petal-shaped base platform; 654, Limiting pivot; 655, Filament-like packing. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 11 A multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas is provided, including a base frame 1, a scrubbing tower 2 and a solution circulation device 4 fixedly installed on the top of the base frame 1, a spray pipe 3 connecting the scrubbing tower 2 and the solution circulation device 4, and a spray mechanism 5 and a dynamic reaction cluster mechanism 6 disposed inside the scrubbing tower 2.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 - Figure 10 The dynamic reaction cluster mechanism 6 includes a hollow support plate 64 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower 2 and two drive boxes 61. Multiple packing cluster assemblies 65 are provided on the top of the hollow support plate 64. Lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62 and lightweight middle ring base frames 63 are provided below the hollow support plate 64. The lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62 and lightweight middle ring base frames 63 move up and down alternately, driving the corresponding packing cluster assemblies 65 to open or tighten. The spray mechanism 5 includes a spray frame 51 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower 2. Multiple nozzle assemblies 52 are installed at the bottom of the spray frame 51. The spray frame 51 is connected to the spray pipe 3. The nozzle assembly 52 includes a solution nozzle 521 fixedly installed at the bottom of the spray frame 51. Multiple external spray holes 522 and multiple internal spray holes 523 are opened on the outer wall of the solution nozzle 521.

[0031] Specifically, the scrubbing tower 2 serves as the core shell and reaction vessel, providing a closed space for gas-liquid mass transfer, pollutant absorption, and particulate matter washing of flue gas and scrubbing solution; the solution circulation device 4 is the power and storage unit for the scrubbing solution, responsible for supplying and continuously circulating the scrubbing solution to the system to maintain the purification reaction; the dynamic reaction cluster mechanism 6 is the core component used to support the packing and provide dynamic change functions, designed to prevent clogging and maintain efficient mass transfer through structural changes; the packing cluster assembly 65 is a basic mass transfer unit composed of packing, whose shape can be changed to provide varying specific surface area and airflow channels; the lightweight inner and outer ring base 62 and the lightweight middle ring base 63 are lightweight transmission frames connecting the drive box 61 and the packing cluster assembly 65, which move alternately up and down and transmit this movement to the packing cluster assembly 65 above, thereby controlling its opening or closing.

[0032] By driving the lightweight inner and outer ring base 62 and the lightweight middle ring base 63 to move alternately up and down, the physical state of the corresponding packing cluster assembly 65 is periodically changed: one part of it is in a fluffy state to provide a large specific surface area for deep purification; at the same time, another part of it is in a tightened state to facilitate the rinsing and cleaning of the packing surface. The spray mechanism 5 continuously sprays washing liquid to wet the packing and rinse the surface. When deep cleaning of the middle ring packing cluster assembly 65 is required, the extreme upward movement of the lightweight middle ring base 63 will block the corresponding outer spray hole 522, so that the washing liquid is ejected only from the inner spray hole 523 as a high-pressure jet, which targets and rinses the interior of the extremely stretched packing, achieving deep unblocking without stopping the machine.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 - Figure 6 The packing cluster assembly 65 includes a petal-shaped base 653 fixedly connected to the top of the hollow support plate 64. A lifting hollow column 652 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the petal-shaped base 653. A petal-shaped top platform 651 is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting hollow column 652. Multiple limiting shafts 654 are rotatably connected to the inner walls of both the petal-shaped base 653 and the petal-shaped top platform 651. A bundle of packing material 655 is fixedly connected between two limiting shafts 654 on the same vertical line.

[0034] Specifically, the petal-shaped base 653 supports the entire assembly, and its inner wall provides a track for the vertical sliding of the lifting hollow column 652; the vertical movement of the lifting hollow column 652 determines the relative distance between the petal-shaped top platform 651 and the petal-shaped base 653; the function of the limiting pivot 654 is to fix the end of the filamentous packing 655, while allowing the packing filaments to have a certain degree of rotational freedom when under force, so as to reduce stress concentration and ensure that it can smoothly follow the changes in the distance between the two platforms to stretch or relax; the filamentous packing 655 is the core mass transfer and reaction medium, which can be longitudinally tightened or relaxed, thereby dynamically changing its stacking density, specific surface area and internal airflow channels to adapt to different purification or cleaning needs.

[0035] The distance between the top petal-shaped platform 651 and the bottom platform is changed by the sliding motion of the lifting hollow column 652 within the petal-shaped base 653. This change in distance affects the filamentous packing 655, which is fixed at both ends to the limiting rotating shaft 654. When the lightweight inner ring base 63 sinks, it causes the corresponding lifting hollow column 652 to descend, reducing the distance between the petal-shaped top platform 651 and the petal-shaped base 653. At this time, the filamentous packing 655 becomes extremely fluffy due to relaxation, maximizing its internal voids and specific surface area, thus transforming into a core reaction zone for efficient adsorption and deep purification. This process alternates with the tightening state described above, jointly achieving the periodic dynamic control of the physical state of the packing.

[0036] Reference Figure 3 - Figure 6 Multiple lifting hollow columns 652 are distributed from the inside out as an inner ring, a middle ring, and an outer ring. The bottoms of the inner and outer ring lifting hollow columns 652 are fixedly connected to the tops of the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62, and the bottom of the middle ring lifting hollow column 652 is fixedly connected to the top of the lightweight middle ring base frame 63. A drive motor 611 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the drive box 61. The output shaft of the drive motor 611 is fitted with a threaded rod 612. The two threaded rods 612 are respectively threadedly connected to the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62 and the lightweight middle ring base frame 63. The outer walls of the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62 and the lightweight middle ring base frame 63 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the corresponding drive box 61.

[0037] The transmission system, consisting of drive motors 611 and threaded rods 612 within two drive boxes 61, independently drives the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62 and the lightweight middle ring base frame 63, and controls their precise sliding positions on the inner wall of the drive box 61. The bottom of the lifting hollow column 652 of the inner and outer rings is fixed to the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62, and the bottom of the lifting hollow column 652 of the middle ring is fixed to the lightweight middle ring base frame 63. This achieves independent and precise lifting control of the packing clusters in the three annular areas within the tower, allowing for differentiated settings and periodic alternation of the packing states in the inner, outer, and middle rings as needed. This provides the core mechanical power for zoned and functional purification and cleaning rotation.

[0038] Reference Figure 7 - Figure 9 A fixing ring 526 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the solution nozzle 521, and a flow-blocking sliding frame 524 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the solution nozzle 521. A first telescopic spring 525 is fixedly connected between the bottom of the fixing ring 526 and the inner wall of the flow-blocking sliding frame 524. The spraying mechanism 5 also includes a lightweight inner and outer ring top frame 53 and a lightweight middle ring top frame 54 disposed on the top of the spray frame 51. Multiple pressure bars 55 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame 53 and the lightweight middle ring top frame 54. The bottom of the pressure bars 55 abuts against the top of the corresponding flow-blocking sliding frame 524.

[0039] Specifically, the fixing ring 526 provides a fixed upper connection point for the first telescopic spring 525; the up-and-down sliding position of the flow-blocking sliding bracket 524 determines the degree of obstruction of the external spray hole 522, thereby changing the spray pattern of the washing liquid; the first telescopic spring 525 provides an upward elastic force to keep the flow-blocking sliding bracket 524 in its initial position. When the flow-blocking sliding bracket 524 is pressed down, the spring stores energy to provide power for subsequent reset; the pressing rod 55 directly transmits the downward force to the flow-blocking sliding bracket 524, forcing it to overcome the elastic force of the first telescopic spring 525 and slide downward, thereby performing the switching of the spray pattern.

[0040] By setting up a linkage actuator consisting of a lightweight central ring top frame 54 and a downward pressure bar 55, and cooperating with the adjustment mechanism inside the nozzle consisting of a flow-blocking sliding frame 524 and a first telescopic spring 525, dynamic control of the spray mode of the solution nozzle 521 is achieved. Under normal conditions, the spring force keeps the flow-blocking sliding frame 524 in its original position, and the inner spray hole 523 and the outer spray hole 522 are fully open, forming full-section atomized spraying, which can adapt to the wetting and surface scouring needs of different shaped fillers in dynamic alternation. When deep cleaning is required, the top frame drives the downward pressure bar 55 to press down the flow-blocking sliding frame 524 in the corresponding area, so that it completely blocks the outer spray hole 522. The washing liquid is ejected at high speed only from the inner spray hole 523, forming a vertical high-pressure concentrated jet, which accurately impacts and removes the deep blockage of specific fillers. This realizes the intelligent switching between wide-area atomization and targeted high-pressure impact of the spray mode.

[0041] Reference Figure 7 - Figure 10 Two trigger boxes 56 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower 2. Free levers 561 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the trigger box 56. The outer walls of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame 53 and the lightweight middle ring top frame 54 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the corresponding trigger boxes 56. A second telescopic spring 563 is fixedly connected between the bottom of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame 53 and the lightweight middle ring top frame 54 and the inner wall of the corresponding trigger box 56. A trigger rod 562 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the trigger box 56. The two free levers 561 are located between the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame 53 and the corresponding trigger rod 562, and between the lightweight middle ring top frame 54 and the corresponding trigger rod 562, respectively. The trigger rod 562 of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame 53 is located above the lightweight inner and outer ring bottom frame 62, and the trigger rod 562 of the lightweight middle ring top frame 54 is located above the lightweight middle ring bottom frame 63.

[0042] The triggering and automatic reset system for the top frame is formed by a trigger box 56 installed on the inner wall of the scrubbing tower 2, a second telescopic spring 563 connected to the lightweight inner and outer ring top frames 53 and the lightweight middle ring top frame 54 within the box, a trigger rod 562, and a free lever 561. During standard dynamic alternation, the bottom frame does not touch the trigger rod 562, and the top frame remains in its initial position under the action of the spring force, resulting in wide-area atomization of the spray. When the lightweight middle ring bottom frame 63 moves upward to a position exceeding its normal stroke due to deep cleaning requirements, its top end will abut and lift the trigger rod 562 above. The upward movement of the trigger rod 562 will drive the free lever 561 to rotate, thereby using the lever principle to press down the corresponding lightweight middle ring top frame 54, achieving precise triggering of the nozzle action by the pressure bar 55. After the base frame is reset, the top frame automatically rises and resets under the tension of the second telescopic spring 563, and the spray resumes the atomization mode. This achieves mechanical linkage and automatic reset between the spray mode and the packing status in a specific depth cleaning process, without the need for additional sensors and controls.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 The outer wall of the washing tower 2 is provided with an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22. The air inlet 21 is located below the hollow support plate 64, and the air outlet 22 is located above the spray frame 51.

[0044] The flue gas is guided from bottom to top through the packing area and the spray area by the air inlet 21 and the air outlet 22, ensuring that it is fully in contact with the washing liquid before being purified and discharged.

[0045] Working principle of the invention: During operation, the hazardous waste incineration flue gas containing pollutants enters from the inlet 21 of the scrubbing tower 2 and flows upward to the packing area supported by the hollow support plate 64. In the initial static state, the drive motor 611 in the drive box 61 is not started, and the lightweight inner and outer ring base frames 62 and the lightweight middle ring base frame 63 connected by the threaded rod 612 are all in the middle stroke position. At this time, all the packing cluster assemblies 65 of the inner ring, middle ring and outer ring have the same shape, the lifting hollow column 652 is not subjected to additional tension or compression, the distance between the petal-shaped base platform 653 and the petal-shaped top platform 651 is moderate, and the multi-bundle filament packing 655 connected between them is in a semi-loose and naturally stretched state, providing a uniform basic contact and reaction interface for the flue gas.

[0046] To improve efficiency and prevent blockage, the device starts dynamic alternating operation, with the drive motors 611 in the two drive boxes 61 working together to move the lightweight inner and outer ring bases 62 upward along the threaded rod 612, while the lightweight middle ring base 63 moves downward.

[0047] The lightweight inner and outer ring base frame 62 is lifted to push the inner and outer ring lifting hollow columns 652 fixed thereto to rise, thereby increasing the distance between the petal-shaped base platform 653 and the petal-shaped top platform 651, so that the filamentous packing 655 of the inner and outer rings is longitudinally tightened and in a tightened and aggregated state; the tightened inner and outer ring packing mainly exposes its outer surface, which is convenient to be flushed and cleaned, and prevents surface scaling.

[0048] The lightweight central ring base 63 sinks, causing the central ring lifting hollow column 652 to descend, reducing the distance between the petal-shaped base 653 and the petal-shaped top 651. This makes the filamentous packing 655 of the central ring extremely loose due to relaxation, maximizing the internal voids and specific surface area. The loose central ring packing becomes the core reaction zone, and its huge surface area and complex channels can efficiently adsorb the washing liquid and prolong the residence time of the flue gas, achieving deep purification of pollutants.

[0049] After a set time, the system switches, the drive motor 611 reverses, driving the lightweight inner and outer ring base 62 to move downwards and the lightweight middle ring base 63 to move upwards. The filamentous packing 655 of the inner and outer rings changes from tight to loose, taking over as the new core absorption and purification zone. The filamentous packing 655 of the middle ring changes from loose to tight, switching to surface cleaning mode. Through the periodic alternation of the loose-tight state of the inner and outer rings and the middle ring packing, the efficient absorption and effective cleaning functions are spatially rotated, ensuring that during continuous operation, there is always a packing area in the optimal purification state, while another area is undergoing anti-scaling maintenance, thus maintaining the overall continuous and stable purification efficiency.

[0050] Throughout the dynamic alternation process, the spray mechanism 5 operates continuously. The solution circulation device 4 pumps the washing liquid into the spray frame 51 through the spray pipe 3 and distributes it to each nozzle assembly 52. ​​At this time, the flow-blocking sliding frame 524 in the nozzle assembly 52 is in its initial position under the action of the first telescopic spring 525, and both the inner spray hole 523 and the outer spray hole 522 on the solution nozzle 521 are in the open state, from which the washing liquid is sprayed out, forming a uniform atomized spray covering the entire cross-section of the washing tower 2. Regardless of whether the packing below is in a loose or compacted state, this full-range spray can provide appropriate wetting, deeply wetting the loose packing to promote the reaction, and surface rinsing the compacted packing to remove adhering substances.

[0051] When the detection system detects that the internal crystallization of the filamentous packing 655 in the middle ring zone is severe or that blockage occurs, requiring deep cleaning, the corresponding drive motor 611 continues to drive the lightweight middle ring base 63 to move upward, exceeding its upper limit of stroke in the standard dynamic alternating mode, causing the filamentous packing 655 of the ring to be stretched longitudinally to its maximum extent; as the lightweight middle ring base 63 reaches and remains at the top position of this stroke, it continuously pushes up the corresponding trigger rod 562, which pushes one end of the free lever 561, causing its other end to press down, thereby driving the lightweight middle ring top frame 54 to move downward.

[0052] The downward movement of the lightweight middle ring top frame 54 causes all the pressure bars 55 at its bottom to simultaneously press down on each corresponding flow-blocking sliding frame 524 below. After the flow-blocking sliding frame 524 is pressed down forcefully, it completely blocks the external spray hole 522 on the solution nozzle 521. At this time, the washing liquid can only be sprayed out from the only open internal spray hole 523. Due to the sharp reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel, the fluid kinetic energy is concentrated, thus forming one or more bundles of high-impact high-pressure jets.

[0053] This high-pressure jet flows vertically downwards, precisely targeting the central region of the middle ring filamentous packing 655, which is undergoing longitudinal stretching and widening of gaps. The high-pressure liquid flow impacts, cuts, and breaks up the tightly packed crystalline blockages, washing them away. During this process, the unblocked inner and outer ring filamentous packing 655 can continue to operate in their original dynamic mode, maintaining basic purification functions. Once the targeted flushing is complete, the system drives the lightweight middle ring base 63 to reset, all components return to normal, and the device re-enters the standard dynamic alternating purification cycle.

[0054] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas, comprising a base frame (1), a scrubbing tower (2) fixedly installed on the top of the base frame (1), and a solution circulation device (4), wherein a spray pipe (3) is connected between the scrubbing tower (2) and the solution circulation device (4), characterized in that: It also includes a spraying mechanism (5) and a dynamic reaction cluster mechanism (6) installed inside the scrubbing tower (2). The dynamic reaction cluster mechanism (6) includes a hollow support plate (64) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower (2) and two drive boxes (61). The top of the hollow support plate (64) is provided with multiple packing cluster assemblies (65). The bottom of the hollow support plate (64) is provided with a lightweight inner and outer ring base frame (62) and a lightweight middle ring base frame (63). The lightweight inner and outer ring base frames (62) and the lightweight middle ring base frame (63) move up and down alternately, driving the corresponding packing cluster assembly (65) to open or tighten. The spraying mechanism (5) includes a spray frame (51) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower (2). Multiple nozzle assemblies (52) are installed at the bottom of the spray frame (51). The spray frame (51) is connected to the spray pipe (3). The nozzle assembly (52) includes a solution nozzle (521) fixedly installed at the bottom of the spray frame (51). Multiple external spray holes (522) and multiple internal spray holes (523) are opened on the outer wall of the solution nozzle (521).

2. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The packing cluster assembly (65) includes a petal-shaped base (653) fixedly connected to the top of the hollow support plate (64). A lifting hollow column (652) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the petal-shaped base (653). A petal-shaped top platform (651) is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting hollow column (652). Multiple limiting shafts (654) are rotatably connected to the inner walls of both the petal-shaped base (653) and the petal-shaped top platform (651). A bundle of packing material (655) is fixedly connected between two of the limiting shafts (654) on the same vertical line.

3. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multiple lifting hollow columns (652) are distributed from the inside out as an inner ring, a middle ring and an outer ring. The bottom of the inner ring and the outer ring lifting hollow columns (652) are fixedly connected to the top of the lightweight inner and outer ring base frame (62), and the bottom of the middle ring lifting hollow column (652) is fixedly connected to the top of the lightweight middle ring base frame (63).

4. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 3, characterized in that: A drive motor (611) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the drive box (61). The output shaft of the drive motor (611) is fitted with a threaded rod (612). The two threaded rods (612) are respectively threadedly connected to the lightweight inner and outer ring base frame (62) and the lightweight middle ring base frame (63). The outer walls of the lightweight inner and outer ring base frame (62) and the lightweight middle ring base frame (63) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the corresponding drive box (61).

5. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing ring (526) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the solution nozzle (521), and a flow-blocking sliding frame (524) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the solution nozzle (521). A first telescopic spring (525) is fixedly connected between the bottom of the fixing ring (526) and the inner wall of the flow-blocking sliding frame (524).

6. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spraying mechanism (5) also includes a lightweight inner and outer ring top frame (53) and a lightweight middle ring top frame (54) set on the top of the spray frame (51). The bottom of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame (53) and the lightweight middle ring top frame (54) are fixedly connected with multiple pressure bars (55). The bottom of the pressure bars (55) abuts against the top of the corresponding flow-blocking sliding frame (524).

7. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two trigger boxes (56) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the washing tower (2). A free lever (561) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the trigger box (56). The outer walls of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame (53) and the lightweight middle ring top frame (54) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the corresponding trigger box (56). A second telescopic spring (563) is fixedly connected between the bottom of the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame (53) and the inner wall of the corresponding trigger box (56).

8. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the trigger box (56) is slidably connected to a trigger rod (562), and the two free levers (561) are respectively located between the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame (53) and the corresponding trigger rod (562), and between the lightweight middle ring top frame (54) and the corresponding trigger rod (562).

9. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The trigger rod (562) corresponding to the lightweight inner and outer ring top frame (53) is located above the lightweight inner and outer ring bottom frame (62), and the trigger rod (562) corresponding to the lightweight middle ring top frame (54) is located above the lightweight middle ring bottom frame (63).

10. The multi-effect synergistic purification device for hazardous waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the washing tower (2) is provided with an air inlet (21) and an air outlet (22). The air inlet (21) is located below the hollow support plate (64), and the air outlet (22) is located above the spray frame (51).

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