Energy-saving ship flue gas co2 capture process and system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of ship exhaust gas treatment and carbon capture and storage, and particularly relates to an energy-saving ship flue gas capture process and system, which comprises: a flue gas pretreatment and absorption unit for fine pretreatment of the flue gas discharged by a ship main engine and deep capture; a waste heat driven desorption regeneration unit for desorption regeneration of rich amine solution driven by the flue gas waste heat of the ship main engine; an amine solution purification circulation and liquefaction storage and transportation unit for purification circulation reuse of regenerated lean amine solution and storage of captured liquid; and a variable working condition self-adaptive intelligent control unit for unified scheduling of the operation of the three units to realize stable and efficient capture of flue gas under variable load working conditions of the ship main engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ship exhaust gas treatment and carbon capture and storage, specifically an energy-saving ship exhaust gas treatment method. Capture technology and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the implementation of mandatory regulations such as the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Energy Efficiency Index (EEXI) and Carbon Intensity Index (CII), global carbon emission control for ocean-going vessels has entered a rigid phase, and ship carbon capture technology has become one of the core pathways for carbon reduction in the shipping industry; in the existing Among capture technologies, amine liquid absorption has become the most mature and widely used process in industrial applications due to its advantages such as high capture efficiency, large processing scale, strong adaptability to fluctuations, low operating cost, and readily available raw materials. Its core principle is to utilize the reaction between alcoholic amine absorbents and the flue gas... A reversible chemical reaction occurs, which is completed at low temperature and normal pressure through countercurrent contact between amine liquid and flue gas. Absorption, achieved under high temperature and low pressure. Desorption and amine regeneration form a closed loop.

[0003] However, existing technologies are limited in achieving ship exhaust gas... When large-scale collection is carried out, the main limitation is the systematic adaptation bottleneck of the land-based amine liquid absorption process to the ocean-going vessel scenario. This makes it difficult to balance the stable collection efficiency under complex flue gas conditions with low energy consumption operation under the limited space and energy conditions of the ship in practical applications, thus affecting the overall performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an energy-saving marine flue gas... The capture process and system aim to solve the problems of the systematic adaptability bottleneck of the existing land-based amine liquid absorption process to the ocean-going vessel scenario and the difficulty in maintaining stable capture efficiency under complex flue gas conditions.

[0005] An energy-saving type of ship exhaust gas The capture process includes the following steps: The flue gas discharged from the ship's main engine is cooled at the front end and then enters the flue gas fan, where it is pressurized to... Then, the flue gas is transported through pipeline to the fine filter separator, and the flue gas after being filtered by the fine filter separator is transported through pipeline to the bottom inlet of the absorption tower.

[0006] The flue gas entering from the bottom of the absorption tower flows upward along the packing layer inside the tower, and comes into counter-current contact with the composite amine liquid absorbent flowing downward from the spray layer at the top of the absorption tower. After a chemical reaction, it becomes rich in... The amine liquid is collected at the bottom of the absorption tower in the form of rich amine liquid. The clean flue gas after decarbonization is treated by the demister at the top of the absorption tower and then discharged from the top outlet. The rich amine liquid at the bottom of the tower is led out by pipeline, pressurized by the rich liquid booster pump, and then transported to the shell inlet of the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger.

[0007] The rich amine solution, pressurized by the rich solution booster pump and delivered to the shell-side inlet of the rich-lean solution heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the hot lean amine solution from the bottom of the desorption tower within the tube side of the heat exchanger. After heating, the solution is led out through pipelines and delivered to the upper feed inlet of the desorption tower. The rich amine solution flows downwards along the packing layer within the desorption tower. A reboiler is installed at the bottom of the desorption tower, using waste heat from the ship's main engine exhaust as the primary heat source to heat the liquid phase at the bottom of the tower, maintaining the temperature at the bottom of the desorption tower. The operating pressure of the desorption tower is maintained at... In the slightly positive pressure zone, controlled by the vacuum regulating valve at the top of the column, the rich amine solution decomposes and releases heat provided by the reboiler. The gas and the regenerated hot lean amine liquid are collected at the bottom of the desorption tower and led out through the pipeline into the tube inlet of the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger.

[0008] After the hot lean amine solution flows out from the tube side of the lean-rich solution heat exchanger, it is transported by pipeline to the inlet of the lean solution air cooler, where it is cooled to a temperature not exceeding [a certain value]. Then, the lean solution is pressurized by the booster pump to... The solution is transported through pipeline to the inlet of the activated carbon filter. The activated carbon filter and the mechanical filter are connected in series in a small-stream bypass manner to the main circulation pipeline of the lean amine solution, with a purification flow fraction of [missing information]. After being filtered sequentially by the activated carbon filter and the mechanical filter, the lean amine solution is fed into the main circulation pipeline and transported to the inlet of the top spray layer of the absorption tower, forming a closed circulation loop of amine solution. The main circulation pipeline is equipped with an amine solution replenishment interface, which is connected to an external amine solution storage unit for online replenishment of amine solution.

[0009] The product discharged from the top of the desorption tower Gas enters Air cooler inlet, via the aforementioned After being cooled by the air cooler, the air is transported to... The separator inlet, the The separator separates gaseous CO2 from entrained liquid water. The separated liquid acid water is pressurized by an acid water reflux pump and returned to the upper reflux port of the desorption tower via pipeline. The gas is from the The gas phase outlet at the top of the separator is drawn off and, after multi-stage compression, enters... The refrigeration unit inlet, via the aforementioned After condensation and liquefaction by the refrigeration unit, it remains in a liquid state. The form is transported to the liquid state through pipelines. The liquid is stored in a storage tank. The storage tank is equipped with a discharge port for docking with the shore-based receiving terminal after the ship berths in port.

[0010] An energy-saving type of ship exhaust gas The capture system includes:

[0011] Flue gas pretreatment and The absorption unit is used to perform fine pretreatment and complete the absorption of exhaust gas from the ship's main engine. Deep capture, including: flue gas fine filtration unit and The absorption unit is specifically:

[0012] The flue gas fine filtration unit utilizes The fine filter separator performs fine filtration on the cooled flue gas. Through its built-in filter element, it separates and intercepts particulate matter and free droplets from the passing flue gas, and then receives the flue gas after it has been pressurized by the fan. The filtered clean flue gas is then output to the source containing impurities. Absorption unit;

[0013] The absorption unit is used to process the finely filtered clean flue gas. Deep absorption, and the resulting amine-rich liquid is transported to the waste heat-driven desorption and regeneration unit, including: gas-liquid contact enhancement treatment and amine-rich liquid transport treatment.

[0014] The waste heat-driven desorption and regeneration unit is used to perform high-temperature, low-pressure desorption and regeneration of the amine-rich liquid according to the heat source allocation instructions issued by the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions. By constructing a dual-heat-source synergistic heating and micro-negative-pressure desorption self-regulation mechanism, the impact of main unit load changes on desorption heat is analyzed layer by layer, including: dynamic allocation of dual heat sources and adaptive adjustment of desorption pressure, specifically:

[0015] Dual heat source dynamic allocation is to dynamically match the actual heat supply of the waste heat from the exhaust of the ship's main engine with the actual heat demand of the desorption tower at different main engine load stages, and to dynamically adjust the heat source input of the desorption tower reboiler.

[0016] Amine liquid purification circulation and The liquefaction storage and transportation unit is used to purify and recycle the regenerated lean amine solution and to collect the precipitated amine solution. For liquefied storage, a dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism is established based on the health status monitoring results of the regenerated lean amine solution. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the amine solution purification flow rate fraction and replenishment volume in real time. Specifically:

[0017] The dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism receives amine solution health status information from the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit and outputs dynamic adjustments to the purification flow rate fraction and replenishment volume. This includes: online purification and adjustment of lean amine solution, closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine solution concentration, and... Liquefaction storage and transportation regulation;

[0018] The variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is used to uniformly schedule the operation of the three units, realizing the control of flue gas under the variable load conditions of the ship's main engine. Stable and efficient capture.

[0019] Preferably, the fine filtration of the cooled flue gas is performed as follows:

[0020] Collect real-time differential pressure values ​​from remote differential pressure gauges on both sides of the fine filter separator. At the same time, the upper limit of the differential pressure during normal operation of the filter element is set to Switching the trigger differential pressure threshold is The specific numerical comparisons satisfy the formula. ;

[0021] The set threshold is compared with the collected real-time differential pressure value, and the state of impurities in the flue gas is dynamically determined based on the comparison result. Specifically:

[0022] If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the filter element is in the normal operating range, the current operating side continues to perform filtration, and the target of the data collection is the flue gas filtration data under normal operating conditions.

[0023] If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the filter element enters the warning range, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit will issue a warning signal and notify the operation and maintenance personnel to prepare materials in advance, and the target of collection will be filter element load trend data.

[0024] If the comparison results satisfy the formula The variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit triggers the online switching command of the AB type fine filter separator, switching the filter path to the standby side, and at the same time triggering the quick-opening blind plate opening signal, allowing online replacement of the saturated filter element.

[0025] Preferably, the gas-liquid contact enhancement treatment is as follows:

[0026] Based on the flue gas at the inlet of the absorption tower Concentration and net flue gas at the absorber outlet Concentration, calculation of the absorption tower Capture efficiency ;

[0027] Calculation-based absorption tower The capture efficiency is assessed by adaptively determining whether a variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is triggered, and then adjusting the spray density accordingly. Specifically:

[0028] Setting up the absorption tower Capture efficiency threshold And the set threshold is compared with the calculated absorption tower. The collection efficiency is compared, and based on the comparison results, it is determined whether to trigger the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions to adjust the spray density. Therefore:

[0029] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This triggers the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions to adjust the spray density. Conversely, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit will not be triggered to adjust the spray density.

[0030] Preferably, the step-by-step analysis of the impact of host load changes on desorbed heat is as follows:

[0031] The first layer is based on the host load rate signal collected by the adaptive intelligent control unit under changing operating conditions to determine the current waste heat supply capacity of the host.

[0032] The second layer receives data transmitted from the first layer and identifies the impact of desorption pressure on regeneration energy consumption through micro-negative pressure desorption adaptive adjustment, adjusting the desorption tower operating pressure. Controlled Within the slightly positive pressure range;

[0033] The third layer receives data transmitted from the second layer and performs in-depth monitoring of the regeneration quality of the lean amine solution output after heat exchange in the lean-rich solution heat exchanger. This utilizes the lean amine solution... Load and temperature at the bottom and top of the desorption tower The linear relationship between production rates is used to assess the degree of regeneration of lean amine solution.

[0034] Preferably, the determination of the current host's waste heat supply capacity is as follows:

[0035] Calculate the heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler based on the mass flow rate of the rich amine solution entering the desorption tower, the desorption enthalpy per unit mass of rich amine solution, and the heat loss of the desorption tower. ;

[0036] The load factor threshold for the host's waste heat to cover the desorption heat demand is set as follows: The host load rate signal collected by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is used as... The load rate threshold is compared with the current load rate threshold. Based on the comparison result, the current waste heat supply capacity of the host is determined. Therefore:

[0037] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the exhaust waste heat is sufficient, and the current waste heat supply of the main unit is... The heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler is compared with the formula. The reboiler uses the waste heat from the main unit as its heat source to maintain the normal desorption temperature, and marks the heat supply status along with the current waste heat supply. Pass it to the second layer as well;

[0038] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates insufficient waste heat from the flue gas exhaust, and thus, the current waste heat supply from the main unit is insufficient. The heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler is compared with the formula. Mark insufficient residual heat and current The heat is transferred to the second floor, simultaneously triggering the opening of the proportional control valve of the backup steam heater to supplement heat, and the supplemented heat is... ,in, Indicates the amount of calories supplemented;

[0039] If the comparison results satisfy the formula Waste heat supply The residual heat interruption marker is transmitted to the second floor, simultaneously triggering the full activation of the backup steam heater. From variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit to amine liquid purification circulation and The liquefied storage and transportation unit sends a load reduction operation signal.

[0040] Preferably, the identification of the impact of desorption pressure on regeneration energy consumption is as follows:

[0041] Receive data transmitted from the first layer, within the set moving window. Inside, the cumulative average is calculated to achieve the effect of controlling the top of the desorption tower. Cumulative statistics of output rate ;

[0042] Set the standard value for desorption efficiency And calculate the ratio between the cumulative mean and the standard value of desorption efficiency. At the same time, a lower limit for the desorption efficiency threshold is set. The range of values ​​is The calculated ratio is compared with the set lower limit of the desorption efficiency threshold. Based on the comparison result, the desorption efficiency of the desorption tower is determined. Therefore:

[0043] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the desorption efficiency is normal. The normal judgment result and the current operating pressure of the desorption tower should be considered. Passed to the third layer;

[0044] If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the signal is positive, it indicates a decrease in desorption efficiency. Further investigation is needed to determine the source of the anomaly. If the anomaly originates from the insufficient residual heat signal transmitted in the first layer, it is determined that the decrease in desorption efficiency is caused by insufficient heat source, and the current operating pressure of the desorption tower will be adjusted accordingly. Towards the lower limit of the interval Adjust and reduce the desorption temperature requirement until the formula is satisfied after adjustment. until.

[0045] Preferably, the assessment of the degree of regeneration of the lean amine solution is specifically as follows:

[0046] The third layer receives data transmitted from the second layer and performs in-depth monitoring of the regeneration quality of the lean amine solution output after heat exchange in the lean-rich solution heat exchanger, as detailed below:

[0047] Using lean amine solution Load and temperature at the bottom and top of the desorption tower The linear relationship between production rates is used to assess the degree of regeneration of lean amine solution. ;

[0048] Set the upper limit for the qualified degree of regeneration of lean amine solution. , put the amine-deficient solution The load is compared with the set upper limit for the qualified regeneration degree of the lean amine solution. Based on the comparison results, the determined degree of regeneration of the lean amine solution is as follows:

[0049] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the regeneration of the lean amine solution is qualified and it is output to the amine solution purification cycle. Liquefaction storage and transportation unit;

[0050] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the regeneration of the lean amine solution is unqualified, triggering a temperature increase or pressure decrease adjustment until the formula is satisfied after adjustment. until.

[0051] Preferably, the dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism is as follows:

[0052] It receives amine solution health status information from the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit and outputs dynamic adjustments to the purification flow rate fraction and replenishment volume, including: online purification adjustment of lean amine solution, closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine solution concentration, and... The specific details of liquefied storage and transportation regulation are as follows:

[0053] The online purification and adjustment of the lean amine solution is based on the amine solution health status signal issued by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit.

[0054] The closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine concentration is based on the amine concentration trend analysis results issued by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit, and the concentration trend deviation is quantitatively evaluated.

[0055] Liquefied storage and transportation regulation is based on load signals collected by the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions. The operating power of the liquefied refrigeration unit is dynamically matched.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0057] 1. This invention adopts... The online backup filtration technology, which combines a fine filter separator with a switching valve assembly, uses a remote differential pressure gauge to monitor the filter element's operating status in real time. It sets three levels of differential pressure judgment thresholds for normal operation, early warning, and switching trigger. When the filter element reaches the switching threshold, it automatically triggers online switching of the filtration path and allows for replacement of saturated filter elements without shutting down the system. This achieves continuous and stable interception of solid particulate matter, free droplets, and hydrocarbons in flue gas under continuous ship navigation conditions, effectively blocking harmful impurities from entering the absorption system at the source. It also solves the problem of frequent foaming and accelerated concentration decline of amine liquid caused by flue gas from heavy oil and diesel fuel used in ocean-going vessels, making it difficult to guarantee absorption stability.

[0058] 2. This invention employs a gas-liquid contact enhancement technology that combines anti-sway structured packing with a multi-layer liquid redistributor, and is based on the inlet and outlet of the absorption tower. Real-time concentration monitoring, achieved by a variable-condition adaptive intelligent control unit, adjusts the liquid-to-gas ratio in conjunction with the control unit when the capture efficiency falls below a set threshold. This ensures uniform gas-liquid distribution within the tower under ship rolling and pitching conditions, eliminates flow deviation and flooding, and mitigates fluctuations in flue gas flow rate due to changes in main engine load. It adaptively maintains stable capture efficiency when concentration fluctuates; it solves the problem of gas-liquid distribution imbalance and sharp drop in capture efficiency in onshore standard towers under the combined effects of ship swaying and flue gas volatility.

[0059] 3. This invention employs a dual-heat-source synergistic heating technology, using waste heat from the ship's main engine exhaust as the primary heat source and a backup steam heater as an auxiliary heat source. Based on the main engine load rate signal, the waste heat supply capacity is assessed in segments. When waste heat is sufficient, it is fully utilized; when waste heat is insufficient, steam is precisely supplemented; and when waste heat is interrupted, it seamlessly switches to full steam heating. Simultaneously, the desorption tower operating pressure is controlled within a slightly positive pressure range to reduce the desorption temperature requirement. This achieves stable desorption heat supply across the full load range of the main engine, utilizes the ship's low-grade waste heat to drive desorption regeneration, and reduces additional fuel consumption. It solves the core energy bottleneck of ocean-going vessels being unable to stably obtain desorption heat sources and relying on additional fuel for heating to offset carbon reduction benefits.

[0060] 4. This invention employs an online purification technology that connects activated carbon filters and mechanical filters in series in a small-stream bypass manner within the main circulation pipeline. Based on closed-loop monitoring of amine concentration and its changing trends, it accurately calculates and triggers online replenishment when the amine concentration decreases. When heat-stable salts exceed the standard or foaming risk is detected, it automatically increases the purification flow rate and triggers defoamer injection. This achieves continuous removal of heat-stable salts, degradation products, and suspended impurities with a small flow rate, eliminating the need for shutdown and liquid replacement. Under long-term continuous ocean voyages, it actively maintains stable circulation of amine within the effective absorption concentration range. This solves the maintenance problems of rapid degradation rate of amine at sea, rapid accumulation of heat-stable salts, and the inability to frequently dock for amine replacement under ocean conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This invention relates to an energy-saving type of ship exhaust gas. A schematic diagram of the overall process steps of the capture process.

[0062] Figure 2 This invention relates to an energy-saving type of ship exhaust gas. A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the capture system.

[0063] Figure label:

[0064] 01. Flue gas fan; 02. Fine filter separator; 03. Absorption tower; 04. Rich liquid booster pump; 05. Lean and rich liquid heat exchanger; 06. Desorption tower; 07. Reboiler; 08. CO2 air cooler; 09. CO2 separator; 10. Acid water reflux pump; 11. Flue gas waste heat recovery unit; 12. Switching valve group; 13. Lean liquid booster pump; 14. Lean liquid air cooler; 15. Activated carbon filter; 16. Mechanical filter; 17. CO2 refrigeration unit; 18. Liquid CO2 storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] Reference Figure 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, an energy-saving marine exhaust gas method is provided. The capture process includes the following steps:

[0068] S1: Flue gas pressurization and fine filtration.

[0069] The flue gas discharged from the ship's main engine is cooled at the front end and then enters the flue gas fan 01, where it is pressurized to... Then, it is transported to the fine filter separator 02 through pipeline;

[0070] The fine filter separator 02 adopts an AB type mutual backup structure. The two sets of filter separators are connected in parallel through the switching valve group 12. The switching valve group 12 performs online path switching according to the differential pressure signal on both sides of the fine filter separator 02. The flue gas filtered by the fine filter separator 02 is transported to the bottom inlet of the absorption tower 03 through the pipeline.

[0071] S2: Preheating of rich amine solution and Desorption.

[0072] The flue gas treated in step S1 enters from the bottom of absorption tower 03 and flows upward along the packing layer inside the tower. It comes into counter-current contact with the composite amine liquid absorbent flowing downward from the top spray layer of absorption tower 03 within the packing layer, undergoing a chemical reaction. This process enriches the flue gas with... The amine solution was collected at the bottom of the absorption tower 03 in the form of amine-rich solution;

[0073] The clean flue gas after decarbonization is treated by the demister at the top of the absorption tower 03 and then discharged from the top of the tower.

[0074] The rich amine liquid at the bottom of the tower is led out through the pipeline, pressurized by the rich liquid booster pump 04, and then transported to the shell inlet of the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger 05, entering step S3.

[0075] S3: Preheating of rich amine solution and Desorption.

[0076] The rich amine solution output from step S2 enters the shell side of the rich-lean-rich solution heat exchanger 05. After exchanging heat with the hot lean amine solution from the bottom of the desorption tower 06 in the tube side of the rich-lean-rich solution heat exchanger 05, the solution is led out through the pipeline and transported to the upper feed port of the desorption tower 06.

[0077] The amine-rich liquid flows downwards along the packing layer inside desorption tower 06. A reboiler 07 is installed at the bottom of desorption tower 06. The reboiler 07 uses waste heat from the ship's main engine exhaust as the primary heat source to heat the liquid phase at the bottom of the tower, maintaining the temperature at the bottom of desorption tower 06. The operating pressure of desorption tower 06 is maintained at... The slightly positive pressure zone is controlled by the vacuum level regulating valve at the top of the column;

[0078] The rich amine solution decomposes and releases heat under the action of heat provided by reboiler 07. The gas and the regenerated hot lean amine liquid are collected at the bottom of the desorption tower 06 and led out through the pipeline into the tube inlet of the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger 05, and enter step S4.

[0079] The desorption tower 06 discharged from the top The gas is drawn out through the pipeline and proceeds to step S5;

[0080] After the reboiler 07 provides heat, the exhaust gas from the main unit is led out through the pipeline and enters the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 11. After the low-grade heat is recovered by the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 11, the cooled flue gas is returned to the inlet of the flue gas fan 01 through the pipeline, forming a closed utilization loop for flue gas.

[0081] S4: Cooling, purification and circulation of lean amine solution.

[0082] After the hot lean amine solution output from step S3 flows out from the tube side of the lean-rich solution heat exchanger 05, it is transported by pipeline to the inlet of the lean solution air cooler 14, where it is cooled to a temperature not exceeding [the specified value]. Then, the lean liquid booster pump 13 pressurizes it to... It is transported through pipeline to the inlet of activated carbon filter 15;

[0083] Activated carbon filter 15 and mechanical filter 16 are connected in series in a small-stream bypass manner to the main circulation pipeline of lean amine solution, with a purification flow fraction of [missing information]. After being filtered sequentially by activated carbon filter 15 and mechanical filter 16, the lean amine solution is fed into the main circulation pipeline and transported to the inlet of the top spray layer of the absorption tower 03, forming a closed circulation loop of amine solution.

[0084] The main circulation pipeline is equipped with an amine replenishment interface, which is connected to an external amine storage unit for online amine replenishment.

[0085] S5: Cooling, separation, liquefaction, and storage.

[0086] The product discharged from the top of the desorption tower 06 via step S3 Gas enters Air cooler inlet 08, via After being cooled by the air cooler 08, the air is transported to... Separator 09 inlet;

[0087] Separator 09 separates the gas phase The separated liquid acid water is separated from the entrained liquid water and then pressurized by the acid water return pump 10 and returned to the upper return port of the desorption tower 06 through the pipeline.

[0088] After separation Gas from The gas phase outlet at the top of separator 09 is led out and enters after multi-stage compression. Refrigeration unit inlet 17, via After condensation and liquefaction in refrigeration unit 17, it remains in liquid state. The form is transported to the liquid state through pipelines. Storage tank 18 stores;

[0089] liquid Storage tank 18 is equipped with a discharge port for docking with a shore-based receiving terminal after the ship berths in port, to realize liquid discharge. Transfer and uninstallation.

[0090] Reference Figure 2 The present invention also provides an energy-saving marine flue gas The capture system includes:

[0091] Flue gas pretreatment and Absorption unit, waste heat driven desorption and regeneration unit, amine liquid purification and circulation Liquefaction storage and transportation unit and variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit;

[0092] Specifically, flue gas pretreatment and The absorption unit is used to perform fine pretreatment and complete the absorption of exhaust gas from the ship's main engine. Deep capture; waste heat driven desorption and regeneration unit, used to drive the desorption and regeneration of rich amine liquid with waste heat from ship main engine exhaust as the main heat source; amine liquid purification and circulation and The liquefaction storage and transportation unit is used to purify and recycle the regenerated lean amine solution and to collect the precipitated amine solution. Liquefaction storage; Variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit, used to uniformly schedule the operation of the three units, realizing the control of flue gas under variable load conditions of the ship's main engine. Stable and efficient capture.

[0093] Furthermore, flue gas pretreatment and The absorption unit is used to sequentially perform fine filtration and absorption of the exhaust gas emitted by the ship's main engine. Deep absorption, including: fine flue gas filtration unit and Absorption unit;

[0094] The flue gas fine filtration unit utilizes The fine filter separator performs fine filtration on the cooled flue gas. Through its built-in filter element, it separates and intercepts particulate matter and free droplets from the passing flue gas, and then receives the flue gas after it has been pressurized by the fan. After the impurities in the flue gas are removed, the filtered clean flue gas is output to... The absorption unit is implemented as follows:

[0095] Collect real-time differential pressure values ​​from remote differential pressure gauges on both sides of the fine filter separator. (unit: At the same time, the upper limit of the differential pressure during normal operation of the filter element is set to... Switching the trigger differential pressure threshold is The specific values ​​for both are determined by the implementers based on the filter model and the dust concentration in the flue gas. Set it yourself, and the specific numerical comparison should meet the formula. ;

[0096] The set threshold is compared with the collected real-time differential pressure value, and the state of impurities in the flue gas is dynamically determined based on the comparison result. Specifically:

[0097] If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the filter element is in the normal operating range, the current operating side continues to perform filtration, and the target of the data collection is the flue gas filtration data under normal operating conditions.

[0098] If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the filter element enters the warning range, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit will issue a warning signal and notify the operation and maintenance personnel to prepare materials in advance, and the target of collection will be filter element load trend data.

[0099] If the comparison results satisfy the formula The variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit triggers the online switching command of the AB type fine filter separator, switches the filter path to the standby side, and triggers the quick-opening blind plate opening signal, allowing online replacement of the saturated filter element;

[0100] It should be noted that in the process of dynamically judging the state of impurities in flue gas, the first step is to judge... After the judgment is completed, the warning range and the normal range are judged in turn. If the differential pressure gauge shows an abnormal signal, the current filter side remains unchanged and the abnormal status mark is triggered, and the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is notified to handle the abnormality.

[0101] In addition, normal filtration data and filter element load trend data are collected for different differential pressure states. The two types of data are sorted according to the time series of collection and constructed into corresponding data sets for subsequent linkage processing of the adaptive intelligent control unit under different operating conditions.

[0102] The absorption unit is used to process the finely filtered clean flue gas. Deep absorption is performed, and the resulting amine-rich liquid is then transported to a waste heat-driven desorption and regeneration unit. This process includes gas-liquid contact enhancement treatment and amine-rich liquid transport treatment, specifically implemented as follows:

[0103] The gas-liquid contact enhancement treatment is achieved by combining multiple layers of anti-sway structured packing and liquid redistributor in the absorption tower. This ensures that the clean flue gas and the composite amine liquid absorbent have full counter-current contact in the packing layer, resulting in a reversible chemical reaction to generate a rich amine liquid. The anti-sway structured packing is specially designed to maintain uniform gas-liquid distribution under ship roll and pitch conditions.

[0104] Based on the flue gas at the inlet of the absorption tower Concentration and net flue gas at the absorber outlet Concentration, calculation of the absorption tower Regarding the capture efficiency, we have:

[0105] ;

[0106] in, Indicates the flue gas at the inlet of the absorption tower concentration, Indicates the net flue gas at the outlet of the absorption tower concentration, The absorption tower is represented by the calculation. Capture efficiency;

[0107] Calculation-based absorption tower The capture efficiency is assessed by adaptively determining whether a variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is triggered, and then adjusting the spray density accordingly. Specifically:

[0108] Setting up the absorption tower Capture efficiency threshold And the set threshold is compared with the calculated absorption tower. The collection efficiency is compared, and based on the comparison results, it is determined whether to trigger the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions to adjust the spray density. Therefore:

[0109] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This triggers the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions to adjust the spray density. Conversely, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit will not be triggered to adjust the spray density.

[0110] In addition, regarding spray density The adjustment is achieved through the liquid-to-gas ratio. The liquid-to-gas ratio is specified. The specific values ​​will be determined by the implementers based on the type of amine absorbent and the flue gas. Concentration can be set manually. This indicates the volumetric flow rate of the flue gas entering the tower. Furthermore, when the liquid-to-gas ratio exceeds the safety range set by the implementers, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit ensures that the liquid-to-gas ratio returns to the safe range by reducing the spray density.

[0111] The rich amine liquid transportation and treatment involves pressurizing the rich amine liquid accumulated at the bottom of the absorption tower using a rich amine liquid booster pump and then transporting it to the waste heat-driven desorption and regeneration unit. Real-time flow and temperature data on the pipeline are uploaded to the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit.

[0112] Furthermore, the waste heat-driven desorption and regeneration unit is used to perform high-temperature and low-pressure desorption and regeneration of the amine-rich liquid according to the heat source allocation instructions issued by the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions. This is achieved by constructing a dual-heat source coordinated heating and micro-negative pressure desorption self-regulation mechanism, and analyzing the impact of main unit load changes on desorption heat layer by layer, including: dynamic allocation of dual heat sources and adaptive adjustment of desorption pressure.

[0113] Dual heat source dynamic allocation involves dynamically matching the actual heat supply from the ship's main engine exhaust waste heat with the actual heat demand of the desorber at different main engine load stages, and dynamically adjusting the heat source input to the desorber reboiler. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0114] Based on the mass flow rate of the rich amine solution entering the desorption tower, the desorption enthalpy per unit mass of rich amine solution, and the heat loss of the desorption tower, the heat requirement of the reboiler in the desorption tower is calculated as follows:

[0115] ;

[0116] in, This indicates the mass flow rate of the amine-rich liquid entering the desorption tower. This represents the desorption enthalpy per unit mass of rich amine solution. This indicates the heat loss of the desorption tower. This represents the calculated heat requirement of the desorption tower reboiler;

[0117] The first layer determines the current waste heat supply capacity of the host unit based on the host load rate signal collected by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit. Specifically:

[0118] The load factor threshold for the host's waste heat to cover the desorption heat demand is set as follows: The host load rate signal collected by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is used as... The load rate threshold is compared with the current load rate threshold. Based on the comparison result, the current waste heat supply capacity of the host is determined. Therefore:

[0119] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the exhaust waste heat is sufficient, and the current waste heat supply of the main unit is... The heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler is compared with the formula. The reboiler uses the waste heat from the main unit as its heat source to maintain the normal desorption temperature, and marks the heat supply status along with the current waste heat supply. Pass it to the second layer as well;

[0120] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates insufficient waste heat from the flue gas exhaust, and thus, the current waste heat supply from the main unit is insufficient. The heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler is compared with the formula. Mark insufficient residual heat and current The heat is transferred to the second floor, simultaneously triggering the opening of the proportional control valve of the backup steam heater to supplement heat, and the supplemented heat is... ,in, Indicates the amount of calories supplemented;

[0121] If the comparison results satisfy the formula Waste heat supply The residual heat interruption marker is transmitted to the second floor, simultaneously triggering the full activation of the backup steam heater. From variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit to amine liquid purification circulation and The liquefied storage and transportation unit sends a load reduction operation signal.

[0122] The second layer receives data transmitted from the first layer and identifies the impact of desorption pressure on regeneration energy consumption through micro-negative pressure desorption adaptive adjustment, adjusting the desorption tower operating pressure. Controlled Within the slightly positive pressure range;

[0123] Within the slightly positive pressure range, establishing a linear relationship between the desorption temperature and the operating pressure of the desorption tower yields the following:

[0124] ;

[0125] in, Reference operating pressure Corresponding desorption temperature The slope of the pressure-temperature relationship is determined by the implementers based on the vapor pressure characteristics of the amine liquid system. Indicates the desorption temperature;

[0126] In the set moving window Inside, the cumulative average is calculated to achieve the effect of controlling the top of the desorption tower. The cumulative statistics of output rate are as follows:

[0127] ;

[0128] in, Indicates the top of the desorption tower Production rate Indicates moving the window The cumulative average value within the range is used to determine the desorption efficiency of the desorption tower, specifically:

[0129] Set the standard value for desorption efficiency And calculate the ratio between the cumulative mean and the standard value of desorption efficiency. At the same time, a lower limit for the desorption efficiency threshold is set. The lower limit of the desorption efficiency threshold is set by the implementer based on the actual application scenario, and the value range is [value range missing]. The calculated ratio is compared with the set lower limit of the desorption efficiency threshold. Based on the comparison result, the desorption efficiency of the desorption tower is determined. Therefore:

[0130] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the desorption efficiency is normal. The normal judgment result and the current operating pressure of the desorption tower should be considered. Passed to the third layer;

[0131] If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the signal is positive, it indicates a decrease in desorption efficiency. Further investigation is needed to determine the source of the anomaly. If the anomaly originates from the insufficient residual heat signal transmitted in the first layer, it is determined that the decrease in desorption efficiency is caused by insufficient heat source, and the current operating pressure of the desorption tower will be adjusted accordingly. Towards the lower limit of the interval Adjust and reduce the desorption temperature requirement until the formula is satisfied after adjustment. until.

[0132] The third layer receives data transmitted from the second layer and performs in-depth monitoring of the regeneration quality of the lean amine solution output after heat exchange in the lean-rich solution heat exchanger. This utilizes the lean amine solution... Load and temperature at the bottom and top of the desorption tower The linear relationship between production rates is used to assess the degree of regeneration of the lean amine solution, specifically:

[0133] ;

[0134] in, , , These represent calibration coefficients, which are set by the implementers based on the actual application scenario. This indicates the temperature at the bottom of the desorption tower. Indicates the top of the desorption tower Production rate Indicates a low-amine solution Loading capacity, used to assess the degree of regeneration of lean amine solution, specifically:

[0135] Set the upper limit for the qualified degree of regeneration of lean amine solution. , put the amine-deficient solution The load is compared with the set upper limit for the qualified regeneration degree of the lean amine solution. Based on the comparison results, the determined degree of regeneration of the lean amine solution is as follows:

[0136] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the regeneration of the lean amine solution is qualified and it is output to the amine solution purification cycle. Liquefaction storage and transportation unit;

[0137] If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the regeneration of the lean amine solution is unqualified, triggering a temperature increase or pressure decrease adjustment until the formula is satisfied after adjustment. until.

[0138] The hierarchical output transmission is based on the monitoring dependence of different levels on the output results of the previous level, constructing a hierarchical progressive dual-heat-source synergistic heating and micro-negative pressure desorption self-regulation mechanism, specifically as follows:

[0139] The first floor will , , The heat source status marker is transmitted to the second layer; the second layer will... , , The anomaly source marker is passed to the third layer; the third layer will... The quality judgment results and adjustment instructions are transmitted to the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit, triggering the corresponding dynamic adjustment action.

[0140] Furthermore, amine liquid purification and circulation The liquefied storage and transportation unit employs a dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism based on the health status monitoring results of the regenerated lean amine solution. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the amine solution purification flow rate and replenishment volume in real time to ensure that the circulating amine solution concentration remains within the effective absorption concentration range, thereby guaranteeing… Long-term stability of capture efficiency, while desorption The process involves cooling, drying, compressing, liquefying, and storing the substances for unloading and sealing at port. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0141] The dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism receives amine solution health status information from the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit and outputs dynamic adjustments to the purification flow rate fraction and replenishment volume. This includes: online purification and adjustment of lean amine solution, closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine solution concentration, and... The specific procedures for liquefied storage and transportation are as follows:

[0142] The online purification and adjustment of the lean amine solution is based on the amine solution health status signal issued by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit, specifically as follows:

[0143] If the amine solution health status signal is normal, then maintain the current purification flow rate within the normal operating range. The combined purification process of activated carbon filter and mechanical filter continues, and the purified lean amine solution enters the top of the absorption tower for recycling.

[0144] If the health status signal of the amine solution is a concentration decrease warning, that is, if the online concentration meter detects... If so, mild fluid replacement therapy will be performed, with the specific amount of compensation being:

[0145] ;

[0146] in, This represents the basic compensation coefficient, which is set by the implementers based on the actual working conditions. This indicates the current amine solution circulation volume. Indicates the amount of compensation;

[0147] If the amine solution health status signal is a foaming risk warning (foam sensor output signal exceeds the threshold) or the thermally stable salt content exceeds the set upper limit, then enhanced purification will be performed, resulting in:

[0148] Increase the purification flow rate to the maximum limit. Increase the purification flow of the activated carbon filter, and simultaneously trigger the opening of the defoamer injection valve. The amount of defoamer injected will then be:

[0149] ;

[0150] in, This indicates the defoamer injection coefficient, which is set by the implementer according to the defoamer product specifications. After enhanced purification is performed, a purification enhancement status flag is sent to the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit so that the system can evaluate whether to reduce the flue gas treatment load of the absorption tower simultaneously.

[0151] The closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine concentration is based on the amine concentration trend analysis results issued by the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions. The deviation in concentration trend is quantitatively evaluated, and the specific implementation is as follows:

[0152] In the statistics window Inside, by adjusting the concentration of the amine solution By performing a linear fit and obtaining the slope of the concentration change, we have:

[0153] ;

[0154] in, , This represents the average time and concentration within a time window. This represents the slope of the calculated concentration change, used to determine whether concentration adjustment should be performed. Specifically:

[0155] If the calculated slope of the concentration change satisfies the formula If the concentration is stable or rising, then no adjustment is needed;

[0156] If the calculated slope of the concentration change satisfies the formula And the cause is known (e.g., in flue gas) (If the excessive level accelerates degradation), then targeted fluid replenishment should be performed based on the known cause, and the adjusted fluid replenishment volume should be:

[0157] ;

[0158] in, This represents the intermediate compensation coefficient, which is set by the implementers based on the actual working conditions. Indicates the adjustment amount of fluid replacement;

[0159] If the calculated slope of the concentration change satisfies the formula This indicates the threshold for detecting sudden changes, which is set by the implementer based on the actual application scenario. Therefore, while performing liquid replenishment adjustment, a re-detection signal is sent to the flue gas fine filtration unit, triggering the filtration unit to adjust the differential pressure. A re-verification.

[0160] Liquefied storage and transportation regulation is based on load signals collected by the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions. The operating power of the liquefied chiller unit is dynamically matched, specifically as follows:

[0161] calculate The minimum refrigeration power required for liquefaction is:

[0162] ;

[0163] in, Indicates the current Production rate express molar mass To indicate Latent heat of liquefaction The coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigeration unit is determined by the implementers based on the refrigeration unit's performance curve. express Minimum refrigeration power required for liquefaction.

[0164] Based on the load capture signal issued by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit, The operating power of the liquefied chiller unit is dynamically matched, specifically as follows:

[0165] If the load capture signal issued by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit indicates that the load capture is normal, then the refrigeration unit will maintain its operating speed at... Run, will Gases pass through After being processed by the cooler, dryer, multi-stage compressor, and throttling expansion valve, it is stored in a cryogenic liquid state. Storage tanks;

[0166] If the host is under low load If the power decreases, the refrigeration unit power will be reduced proportionally. ,in, This indicates the minimum standby power required to maintain normal operation of the equipment;

[0167] If liquid Tank liquid level Satisfy the formula ,in, Indicates the total volume of the storage tank. This represents the liquid level warning coefficient, with a value range of [value range missing]. This will trigger a docking and unloading alert signal.

[0168] Furthermore, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit dynamically adjusts the key operating parameters of each unit in a hierarchical and situational manner based on the full-process operating status information of the three units, ensuring the pretreatment of flue gas... Absorption, desorption, regeneration, amine solution purification and circulation All aspects of liquefied storage and transportation are operating at their optimal state, and through inter-layer signal transmission and cross-unit linkage and coordination mechanisms, the control of ship exhaust gases is ensured. Optimized control throughout the entire capture process ensures stable and efficient operation under complex conditions such as variable loads, fluctuations, and space constraints on ocean-going vessels' main engines. The targets to be captured are as follows:

[0169] The variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit includes: a PLC control system, sensors, automatic control valves, and a remote communication unit.

[0170] Sensors include flue gas flow sensors, Online concentration analyzer, online amine concentration analyzer, remote differential pressure gauge, main unit load rate acquisition unit, and temperature / pressure / flow / level detection instruments;

[0171] Automatic control valves include: regulating valves, switching valves, and frequency converters, all of which are connected to the PLC system, allowing personnel to monitor data and operate remotely from the central control room;

[0172] The real-time data collected by all sensors is aggregated by the PLC and then distributed to the corresponding units for linkage adjustment according to the judgment logic of each level, forming a complete closed-loop control mechanism.

[0173] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving type of ship exhaust gas The capture process is characterized by, Includes the following steps: The flue gas discharged from the ship's main engine is cooled at the front end and then enters the flue gas fan (01), where it is pressurized to... Then, the flue gas is transported to the fine filter separator (02) through the pipeline. After being filtered by the fine filter separator (02), the flue gas is transported to the bottom inlet of the absorption tower (03) through the pipeline. The flue gas entering from the bottom of the absorption tower (03) flows upward along the packing layer inside the tower, and comes into counter-current contact with the composite amine liquid absorbent flowing downward from the top spray layer of the absorption tower (03) in the packing layer. After a chemical reaction, it becomes rich in... The amine liquid is collected at the bottom of the absorption tower (03) in the form of rich amine liquid. The clean flue gas after decarbonization is treated by the demister at the top of the absorption tower (03) and discharged from the top outlet. The rich amine liquid at the bottom of the tower is led out by the pipeline, pressurized by the rich liquid booster pump (04), and then transported to the shell inlet of the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger (05). The rich amine liquid, pressurized by the rich liquid booster pump (04), is delivered to the shell-side inlet of the rich-lean liquid heat exchanger (05). After exchanging heat with the hot lean amine liquid from the bottom of the desorption tower (06) in the tube side of the rich-lean liquid heat exchanger (05), the liquid is led out through the pipeline and delivered to the upper feed inlet of the desorption tower (06). The rich amine liquid flows downward along the packing layer in the desorption tower (06). A reboiler (07) is provided at the bottom of the desorption tower (06). The reboiler (07) uses the waste heat from the exhaust of the ship's main engine as the main heat source to heat the liquid phase at the bottom of the tower, maintaining the temperature at the bottom of the desorption tower (06). The operating pressure of the desorption tower (06) is maintained at... In the slightly positive pressure zone, controlled by the vacuum regulating valve at the top of the column, the rich amine liquid decomposes and releases heat provided by the reboiler (07). The gas and the regenerated hot lean amine liquid are collected at the bottom of the desorption tower (06) and led out through the pipeline into the tube inlet of the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger (05); After the hot lean amine solution flows out of the tube side of the lean-rich solution heat exchanger (05), it is transported by pipeline to the inlet of the lean solution air cooler (14), where it is cooled to a temperature not exceeding [a certain value]. Then, the lean liquid is pressurized by the lean liquid booster pump (13) to The solution is transported through a pipeline to the inlet of the activated carbon filter (15). The activated carbon filter (15) and the mechanical filter (16) are connected in series in a small-stream bypass manner to the main circulation pipeline of the lean amine solution. The purification flow rate is [missing information]. After being filtered sequentially by the activated carbon filter (15) and the mechanical filter (16), the lean amine solution is fed into the main circulation pipeline and transported to the inlet of the top spray layer of the absorption tower (03) to form a closed circulation loop of amine solution. The main circulation pipeline is equipped with an amine solution replenishment interface, which is connected to an external amine solution storage unit for online replenishment of amine solution. The product discharged from the top of the desorption tower (06) Gas enters The air cooler (08) inlet, via the aforementioned After being cooled by the air cooler (08), the air is transported to the pipeline. The separator (09) inlet, the The separator (09) separates the gaseous CO2 from the entrained liquid water. The separated liquid acid water is pressurized by the acid water return pump (10) and returned to the upper reflux port of the desorption tower (06) through the pipeline. The gas is from the The gas phase outlet at the top of the separator (09) is led out and enters after multi-stage compression. The inlet of the refrigeration unit (17) is through the aforementioned After condensation and liquefaction by the refrigeration unit (17), it remains in a liquid state. The form is transported to the liquid state through pipelines. The liquid is stored in storage tank (18). The storage tank (18) is equipped with a discharge port for docking with the shore-based receiving terminal after the ship docks.

2. An energy-saving type of ship exhaust gas The capture system is characterized in that, include: Flue gas pretreatment and The absorption unit is used to perform fine pretreatment and complete the absorption of exhaust gas from the ship's main engine. Deep capture, including: flue gas fine filtration unit and The absorption unit is specifically: The flue gas fine filtration unit utilizes The fine filter separator performs fine filtration on the cooled flue gas. Through its built-in filter element, it separates and intercepts particulate matter and free droplets from the passing flue gas, and then receives the flue gas after it has been pressurized by the fan. The filtered clean flue gas is then output to the source containing impurities. Absorption unit; The absorption unit is used to process the finely filtered clean flue gas. Deep absorption, and the resulting amine-rich liquid is transported to the waste heat-driven desorption and regeneration unit, including: gas-liquid contact enhancement treatment and amine-rich liquid transport treatment. The waste heat-driven desorption and regeneration unit is used to perform high-temperature, low-pressure desorption and regeneration of the amine-rich liquid according to the heat source allocation instructions issued by the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions. By constructing a dual-heat-source synergistic heating and micro-negative-pressure desorption self-regulation mechanism, the impact of main unit load changes on desorption heat is analyzed layer by layer, including: dynamic allocation of dual heat sources and adaptive adjustment of desorption pressure, specifically: Dual heat source dynamic allocation is to dynamically match the actual heat supply of the waste heat from the exhaust of the ship's main engine with the actual heat demand of the desorption tower at different main engine load stages, and to dynamically adjust the heat source input of the desorption tower reboiler. Amine liquid purification circulation and The liquefaction storage and transportation unit is used to purify and recycle the regenerated lean amine solution and to collect the amine. For liquefied storage, a dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism is established based on the health status monitoring results of the regenerated lean amine solution. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the amine solution purification flow rate fraction and replenishment volume in real time. Specifically: The dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism receives amine solution health status information from the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit and outputs dynamic adjustments to the purification flow rate fraction and replenishment volume. This includes: online purification and adjustment of lean amine solution, closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine solution concentration, and... Liquefaction storage and transportation regulation; The variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is used to uniformly schedule the operation of the three units, realizing the control of flue gas under the variable load conditions of the ship's main engine. Stable and efficient capture.

3. An energy-saving ship exhaust gas as described in claim 2 The capture system is characterized by: The fine filtration of the cooled flue gas is as follows: Collect real-time differential pressure values ​​from remote differential pressure gauges on both sides of the fine filter separator. At the same time, the upper limit of the differential pressure during normal operation of the filter element is set to Switching the trigger differential pressure threshold is The specific numerical comparisons satisfy the formula. ; The set threshold is compared with the collected real-time differential pressure value, and the state of impurities in the flue gas is dynamically determined based on the comparison result. Specifically: If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the filter element is in the normal operating range, the current operating side continues to perform filtration, and the target of the data collection is the flue gas filtration data under normal operating conditions. If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the filter element enters the warning range, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit will issue a warning signal and notify the operation and maintenance personnel to prepare materials in advance, and the target of collection will be filter element load trend data. If the comparison results satisfy the formula The variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit triggers the online switching command of the AB type fine filter separator, switching the filter path to the standby side, and at the same time triggering the quick-opening blind plate opening signal, allowing online replacement of the saturated filter element.

4. An energy-saving ship exhaust gas as described in claim 2 The capture system is characterized by: The gas-liquid contact enhancement treatment is specifically as follows: Based on the flue gas at the inlet of the absorption tower Concentration and net flue gas at the absorber outlet Concentration, calculation of the absorption tower Capture efficiency ; Calculation-based absorption tower The capture efficiency is assessed by adaptively determining whether a variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is triggered, and then adjusting the spray density accordingly. Specifically: Setting up the absorption tower Capture efficiency threshold And the set threshold is compared with the calculated absorption tower. The collection efficiency is compared, and based on the comparison results, it is determined whether to trigger the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions to adjust the spray density. Therefore: If the comparison results satisfy the formula This triggers the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions to adjust the spray density. Conversely, the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit will not be triggered to adjust the spray density.

5. An energy-saving ship exhaust gas as described in claim 2 The capture system is characterized by: The layer-by-layer analysis of the impact of host load changes on desorbed heat is as follows: The first layer is based on the host load rate signal collected by the adaptive intelligent control unit under changing operating conditions to determine the current waste heat supply capacity of the host. The second layer receives data transmitted from the first layer and identifies the impact of desorption pressure on regeneration energy consumption through micro-negative pressure desorption adaptive adjustment, adjusting the desorption tower operating pressure. Controlled Within the slightly positive pressure range; The third layer receives data transmitted from the second layer and performs in-depth monitoring of the regeneration quality of the lean amine solution output after heat exchange in the lean-rich solution heat exchanger. This utilizes the lean amine solution... Load and temperature at the bottom and top of the desorption tower The linear relationship between production rates is used to assess the degree of regeneration of lean amine solution.

6. An energy-saving ship exhaust gas as described in claim 5 The capture system is characterized by: The determination of the current host's waste heat supply capacity is as follows: Calculate the heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler based on the mass flow rate of the rich amine solution entering the desorption tower, the desorption enthalpy per unit mass of rich amine solution, and the heat loss of the desorption tower. ; The load factor threshold for the host's waste heat to cover the desorption heat demand is set as follows: The host load rate signal collected by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit is used as... The load rate threshold is compared with the current load rate threshold. Based on the comparison result, the current waste heat supply capacity of the host is determined. Therefore: If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the exhaust waste heat is sufficient, and the current waste heat supply of the main unit is... The heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler is compared with the formula. The reboiler uses the waste heat from the main unit as its heat source to maintain the normal desorption temperature, and marks the heat supply status along with the current waste heat supply. Pass it to the second layer as well; If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates insufficient waste heat from the flue gas exhaust, and thus, the current waste heat supply from the main unit is insufficient. The heat demand of the desorption tower reboiler is compared with the formula. Mark insufficient residual heat and current The heat is transferred to the second floor, simultaneously triggering the opening of the proportional control valve of the backup steam heater to supplement heat, and the supplemented heat is... ,in, Indicates the amount of calories supplemented; If the comparison results satisfy the formula Waste heat supply The residual heat interruption marker is transmitted to the second floor, simultaneously triggering the full activation of the backup steam heater. From variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit to amine liquid purification circulation and The liquefied storage and transportation unit sends a load reduction operation signal.

7. An energy-saving ship exhaust gas as described in claim 5 The capture system is characterized by: The impact of identification desorption pressure on regeneration energy consumption is as follows: Receive data transmitted from the first layer, within the set moving window. Inside, the cumulative average is calculated to achieve the effect of controlling the top of the desorption tower. Cumulative statistics of output rate ; Set the standard value for desorption efficiency And calculate the ratio between the cumulative mean and the standard value of desorption efficiency. At the same time, a lower limit for the desorption efficiency threshold is set. The range of values ​​is The calculated ratio is compared with the set lower limit of the desorption efficiency threshold. Based on the comparison result, the desorption efficiency of the desorption tower is determined. Therefore: If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the desorption efficiency is normal. The normal judgment result and the current operating pressure of the desorption tower should be considered. Passed to the third layer; If the comparison results satisfy the formula If the signal is positive, it indicates a decrease in desorption efficiency. Further investigation is needed to determine the source of the anomaly. If the anomaly originates from the insufficient residual heat signal transmitted in the first layer, it is determined that the decrease in desorption efficiency is caused by insufficient heat source, and the current operating pressure of the desorption tower will be adjusted accordingly. Towards the lower limit of the interval Adjust and reduce the desorption temperature requirement until the formula is satisfied after adjustment. until.

8. An energy-saving ship exhaust gas as described in claim 5 The capture system is characterized by: The assessment of the regeneration degree of the lean amine solution is as follows: The third layer receives data transmitted from the second layer and performs in-depth monitoring of the regeneration quality of the lean amine solution output after heat exchange in the lean-rich solution heat exchanger, as detailed below: Using lean amine solution Load and temperature at the bottom and top of the desorption tower The linear relationship between production rates is used to assess the degree of regeneration of lean amine solution. ; Set the upper limit for the qualified degree of regeneration of lean amine solution. , put the amine solution The load is compared with the set upper limit for the qualified regeneration degree of the lean amine solution. Based on the comparison results, the determined degree of regeneration of the lean amine solution is as follows: If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the regeneration of the lean amine solution is qualified and it is output to the amine solution purification cycle. Liquefaction storage and transportation unit; If the comparison results satisfy the formula This indicates that the regeneration of the lean amine solution is unqualified, triggering a temperature increase or pressure decrease adjustment until the formula is satisfied after adjustment. until.

9. An energy-saving ship exhaust gas as described in claim 2 The capture system is characterized by: The dynamic purification and adjustment mechanism is as follows: It receives amine solution health status information from the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit and outputs dynamic adjustments to the purification flow rate fraction and replenishment volume, including: online purification adjustment of lean amine solution, closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine solution concentration, and... The specific details of liquefied storage and transportation regulation are as follows: The online purification and adjustment of the lean amine solution is based on the amine solution health status signal issued by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit. The closed-loop compensation adjustment of amine concentration is based on the amine concentration trend analysis results issued by the variable operating condition adaptive intelligent control unit, and the concentration trend deviation is quantitatively evaluated. Liquefied storage and transportation regulation is based on load signals collected by the adaptive intelligent control unit under varying operating conditions. The operating power of the liquefied refrigeration unit is dynamically matched.

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