Oyster shell powder-based soil conditioner anti-blocking granulation device

Abstract

The present application relates to powder particle material extrusion granulation equipment, disclose a kind of based on oyster shell powder soil conditioner with anti-blocking type granulation device.The relative groove of two half-molds is synthesized into forming channel, and the mold base is supported by fixed bearing frame.The maintenance carriage first switches the material separation gate and the residue gate, then withdraws the support key, separates the half-mold and drives the cleaning comb to retreat and push the blocked material.The permission window on the mold base aligns with the long key tongue on both sides of the cleaning comb according to the actual mold separation position.The long key tongue first passes through the window, and prevents the half-mold from closing too early during the cleaning of the comb teeth.The cleaning material is collected through an independent residue discharge path.Reverse movement first retracts the comb, then closes the mold and locks it, and finally restores the material supply.The device can batch process biomass fuel mixtures with agricultural and forestry waste as the main raw material, and soil conditioner mixtures containing oyster shell powder, and is suitable for stopping and clearing blockages after releasing the lateral clamping of the hole wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to pressure agglomeration and extrusion cutting granulation technology for powdery and granular materials, specifically to an anti-clogging granulation device for soil conditioners based on oyster shell powder, which is suitable for batch granulation of biomass dense briquetted fuel raw materials and soil conditioner raw materials. Background Technology

[0002] The raw materials for biomass compacted fuel mainly come from agricultural and forestry waste such as straw, rice husks, and forestry pruning residues. After impurity removal, crushing, and conditioning, these raw materials can be extruded and cut into easily transportable pellets. Oyster shells, after being cleaned, processed, and ground, provide mineral components; their addition amount and applicability in different products need to be determined based on the raw materials and end use. Soil conditioners using oyster shell powder can also be mixed and granulated into pellet products; soil formulations and fuel formulations are prepared separately according to their respective uses, and the two types of materials are processed in batches.

[0003] When fibrous particles are mixed with fine mineral powder, they may form entangled and compacted localized blockages near the orifice or the orifice wall. Existing orifice cleaning structures can use push rods to push the blockages axially from the orifice orifice, and there are also detachable molds that allow for cleaning by opening the flow channel. However, directly pushing the blockages that have already been compacted along the orifice wall is still affected by circumferential clamping; simply having an openable mold may not necessarily restrict the entry of the cleaning part when the mold is not fully open, or the closing of the mold before the cleaning part has been removed.

[0004] Furthermore, residual mixture in the granulation chamber, hardened plugs exiting the orifice, and qualified granules need to be separated. If the feed port remains connected to the hopper during cleaning, or if the discharge passage shares the finished product passage, the cleaned material may mix into subsequent finished products. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an interdependent structural relationship around mold load-bearing capacity, actual mold opening permission, and cleaned material isolation, rather than simply setting up separate mold opening and ejection mechanisms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an anti-clogging granulation device that releases the hole wall clamps after the machine stops and the pressure is released, releases the cleaning comb according to the actual position of the mold base, and prevents premature mold closing during resetting, so that the cleaning material is collected through a path separate from the finished product.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention includes a pressing chamber, a pressing plunger, a pelletizing blade, and a split forming mechanism. Two mold bases within the fixed support frame respectively support half-molds with opposing forming grooves; the half-molds close to form multiple axial forming channels. The maintenance carriage also serves as a stop key against the fixed support frame, a lateral mold-separation capture guide, and an axial cleaning capture groove. Different working sections allow for sequential switching between material separation and slag discharge, stop key retraction, mold separation, and push-back cleaning.

[0007] Specifically, the axial shoulder of the half-mold abuts against the mold base, and the bearing shoulder of the mold base abuts against the fixed load-bearing frame; the flat locking surface of the stop key restricts the mold base from opening outward, and the back side of the stop key is supported by the fixed load-bearing frame. The mold parting drive section only engages with the follower roller pin laterally after the stop key is disengaged, so that the working load and the moving load after pressure relief have different transmission paths.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the two mold bases is equipped with a permission window, allowing the leading ends of the long key tongues on both sides of the comb to extend beyond the working ends of the comb teeth. The permission window moves laterally with the actual movement of the mold base, and the long key tongues can only pass through when both sides are fully separated. After entering, the long key tongues occupy the closing path of the mold base until the comb teeth leave the closing area of ​​the two halves of the mold before exiting the permission window.

[0009] Furthermore, the material separating gate and the slag discharge gate move together through a staggered connecting bridge on the outside of the cavity. The two gates correspond to the top feed port and the bottom slag discharge port, respectively. During cleaning, the upper part is blocked while the lower part is open. The holding section of the maintenance carriage maintains this state, and the slag discharge funnel guides the cleaned material to the slag collection box. The finished product guide chute is located below the pelletizer.

[0010] Furthermore, the return notch of the pressure plunger engages with the plunger stop key, the clearance groove of the pelletizer engages with the starting stop of the maintenance carriage, and the maintenance drive component employs limited pressure. A manually insertable maintenance limit pin is provided at the cleaning end to prevent the maintenance carriage from accidentally returning after stopping and depressurizing.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0012] First, the mold half separates laterally, and the cleaning comb is then pushed back along the channel axis, so that the push occurs under the condition that the hole wall clamping has been released; before the mold is separated, the fixed load-bearing frame and the stop key bear the corresponding working load, and the mold separation capture guide is used for movement after unloading, without relying on the maintenance drive to continuously maintain the molding pressure.

[0013] 2. The permission window is the actual moving mold base. Whether the long key tongue can pass through the window depends on the actual position of the two mold bases. The long key tongue checks the passage first and occupies the path of early mold closing during the subsequent cleaning. The same mating restricts the action sequence in both the entry and exit directions, which can reduce the erroneous release caused by the nominal stroke being in place but the actual mold base not being in place.

[0014] 3. Material separation and slag removal are performed before mold splitting and cleaning, and are only reset after the cleaning comb is withdrawn, the half-mold is closed, and the stop key is restored. This allows the blockage material in the hole and the residual material in the cleaning cavity to enter the slag collection path, reducing the chance of the cleaned material mixing with the subsequent finished product. All actions are performed after the pressing stops and the molding pressure is released. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the machine and the installation structure of each device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the maintenance status after the protective cover is removed, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the machine and the plunger return mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall coordination of the molding and cleaning mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a side structural diagram of the core mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mold base support and fit when the half mold is closed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the capture guide engagement when the half-mold is separated according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the state where the license window of this invention is not yet aligned with the long key tongue.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the long key tongue through the window and the comb teeth cleaning in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the sequential positions of the key tongue and comb teeth in the cleaning state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning comb and axial capture guide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the outer connection of the material separating and slag discharge gate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the state where the top is closed and the bottom slag discharge port is open, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pelletizer and the misaligned connecting back plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the support key and segmented guide of the maintenance carriage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the side-folding capture groove of the maintenance carriage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed load-bearing frame and the slide capture guide rail according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the half-mold groove and mold base positioning part according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the left half mold parting surface and forming groove in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the right half mold parting surface and forming groove in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 21 This is a structural schematic diagram of the mold base bearing shoulder and the permit window according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the long key tongues on both sides of the cleaning comb according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the comb tooth positioning shoulder and connecting thread according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the plunger return and cutter clearance interlock in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the two-end permissive structure of the plunger stop key according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning end point and the cleaning material collection path according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 27 This is a cross-sectional view of the mold base and the supporting key according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 28 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the interaction between the lead long key tongue and the permission window in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection and cooperation between the cleaning end pin, the fixing frame, and the slide in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Labeling Explanation: 1. Frame; 2. Feed Hopper; 3. Pressing Chamber; 4. Pressing Plunger; 5. Pressing Hydraulic Cylinder; 6. Fixed Support Frame; 7. Left Mold Base; 8. Right Mold Base; 9. Left Half Mold; 10. Right Half Mold; 11. Maintenance Slide; 12. Follower Roller Pin; 13. Cleaning Comb; 14. Comb Frame; 15. Cleaning Guide Seat; 16. Material Separator Gate; 17. Slag Discharge Gate; 18. Pelletizer; 19. Pelletizer Guide Seat; 20. Pelletizer Drive Component; 21. Maintenance Drive Component; 22. Hydraulic Station; 23. Finished Product Guide Chute; 24. Slag Discharge Funnel; 25. Slag Collection Box; 26. Protective Cover; 27. Control Box; 28. Plunger Stop Key; 29. ​​Mold Base Pressure Strip; 30. Comb Teeth; 31. Maintenance Limit Pin. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0046] Reference Figures 1 to 5 In one embodiment, the device includes a frame 1, a feed hopper 2, a pressing chamber 3, a pressing plunger 4, a pressing hydraulic cylinder 5, a fixed support frame 6, and left and right forming mechanisms disposed within the fixed support frame 6. The pressing chamber 3 extends horizontally, and the pressing plunger 4 moves along the forming axis. The feed hopper 2 is located above the pressing chamber 3, the forming channel is located in front of the pressing plunger 4, and the pelletizing knife 18 is located outside the channel outlet. Hereinafter, upstream refers to the direction toward the pressing plunger 4, downstream refers to the direction toward the channel outlet, and transverse refers to the direction in which the two mold halves separate.

[0047] In this embodiment, the frame 1 adopts a load-bearing structure with a floor base, longitudinal support beams, and an upper frame. The bases of the pressure hydraulic cylinder 5 and the fixed load-bearing frame 6 rest on the support surface of the frame 1 and are connected by bolts passing through the mounting holes. The upper frame houses the maintenance drive unit 21, and the side houses the hydraulic station 22 and the control box 27, providing fixed mounting references for the pressure axis, the vertical guide of the maintenance slide, and the axial guide of the cleaning comb. Burrs affecting positioning should be removed from the connecting surfaces, and the materials, fastening specifications, and support thickness of the load-bearing connections should be selected according to the actual load.

[0048] The pressing chamber 3 has an inner cavity through which the pressing plunger 4 passes. A feed inlet communicating with the feed hopper 2 is located at the top, and a slag discharge port is located at the bottom near the forming channel. The head of the pressing plunger 4 forms a sliding fit with the inner cavity, and its rod is connected to the pressing hydraulic cylinder 5. When the plunger returns upstream, its head leaves the feeding area, allowing material to fall from the top; when advancing downstream, its head crosses the feeding area and presses the material into the forming channel. After the plunger has fully returned, the cavity section remaining upstream of the forming channel serves as a cleaning chamber, which communicates with the slag discharge port below.

[0049] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figures 18 to 21 The left mold base 7 and right mold base 8 are located on both sides of the forming axis, and the left half mold 9 and right half mold 10 are detachably fixed to the positioning recesses of the corresponding mold bases. The parting surfaces of the two half molds face each other, and each parting surface forms a groove extending axially. After the molds are closed, the relative grooves together form a through forming channel. In this embodiment, multiple channels are arranged vertically; an enlarged guide section is provided on the groove feeding side, the forming section maintains the required working contour, and the transition at the orifice is smoothed to reduce the impact of assembly burrs and sharp edges. The relative positions of the two half molds are determined by the parting surfaces and the positioning surfaces of the mold bases. After replacement, it is necessary to recheck the groove connection, channel continuity, and lateral guide clearance.

[0050] Combination Figure 27 Specifically, the downstream shoulder of the half-mold abuts against the inner pressure-bearing part of the mold base, and the downstream shoulder of the mold base abuts against the corresponding pressure-bearing surface of the fixed support frame 6. The fixed support frame 6 is then connected to the frame 1 through the mounting part. The main axial reaction force generated by the material on the half-mold is transmitted along the above-mentioned contact surface. The mold base pressure strips 29 are located at the upper and lower edges of the two mold bases respectively, and are detachably connected to the fixed support frame 6, forming a transverse sliding channel that restricts the vertical displacement and axial disengagement of the mold base. The working surface of the pressure strip maintains a gap with the mold base suitable for unloading movement, and does not rely on loosening the fixed support frame to perform each unblocking.

[0051] Reference Figures 15 to 17 The maintenance carriage 11 has guide wings on both sides of the forming channel, a crossbeam connecting the guide wings, and a folding guide plate on the side. An elongated capture guide rail on the fixed load-bearing frame 6 encompasses one edge of the maintenance carriage 11, allowing it to move vertically and limiting forward disengagement and lateral sway. The cylinder rod of the maintenance drive unit 21 is connected to the crossbeam via a plug-in end and a lateral connector. Space is provided between the crossbeam and the side folding guide plate for the movement of the forming exit, cleaning comb, and corresponding guides.

[0052] The two side stops of the maintenance carriage 11 extend into the space between the outer side of the mold base and the fixed support frame 6. In the production position, the flat inner surface of the stop faces the outer pressure-bearing surface of the mold base, and the back of the stop abuts against the fixed support strip of the fixed support frame 6; the fixed support strip covers the corresponding working pressure depth. In this way, when the two halves of the mold are subjected to outward opening due to extrusion, the force enters the fixed support frame 6 through the mold base, the stop, and the fixed support strip, instead of being borne solely by the follower roller 12 or the rod of the maintenance drive component 21. During maintenance, the pressing must be stopped and the molding pressure released before the stop is allowed to retract vertically.

[0053] Each guide wing is equipped with a continuous capture guide, and the follower roller pin 12 is fixed to the corresponding mold base. The working section of the roller pin is located between the two side walls of the guide. The guide has a straight section that keeps the mold base closed, a mold-separating section that shifts outward, and a straight section that keeps the mold base separated. During the initial downward movement of the maintenance carriage 11, the roller pin slides relative to each other in the first straight section, and the mold base does not move laterally. After the effective pressure-bearing part of the stop key exits the mold base, the roller pin enters the mold-separating section, where it is constrained by the two side walls to move the left and right mold bases outward respectively. When it enters the last holding section, the two mold halves remain separated. The shoulder and head of the roller pin are used for axial positioning, and the connecting end is fixed by a thread. The follower roller pin 12 transmits the mold-separating driving force after the molding pressure is removed.

[0054] Reference Figure 11 , Figure 22 and Figure 23 The cleaning guide 15 is fixed to the frame support on the forming exit side, including an axially extending guide rod, end supports, and a guide portion located in front of the comb teeth. The guide hole of the comb frame 14 cooperates with the guide rod to restrict the rotation of the comb frame and allow it to move along the forming axis. The crossbeam of the comb frame connects the comb plate mounting part and the side slider. The cleaning comb moves along the guide rod, and the cutter allowance rib is located outside the transverse range of the comb frame. The cleaning comb 13 is fixed on the comb frame 14, and its support plate is equipped with comb teeth 30 corresponding to the forming channel. Each comb tooth has a pushing working section, a positioning shoulder abutting against the support plate, and a threaded tail that passes through the support plate. The tail is locked by a nut, forming a replaceable real connection; the working end has a smooth transition. The size of the comb tooth working section is smaller than the channel gap in the open state and corresponds to the axis of the corresponding groove.

[0055] The cleaning capture groove on the side guide plate of the maintenance carriage 11 engages with the follower roller pin 12 on the comb holder 14. The front section of this groove keeps the cleaning comb 13 in a retracted position outside the exit; after the two halves of the die separate, the folding section of the groove converts the vertical input into the upward movement of the cleaning comb. The guide, comb holder, and capture groove together define the direction of movement and entry position of the cleaning comb 13. The comb holder is located outside the normal pelletizing space, and the comb teeth remain in the retracted position during pelletizing.

[0056] Reference Figures 8 to 10 and Figure 28 Furthermore, a long key tongue extends from each side of the support plate of the comb 13, with the leading end of the long key tongue closer to the two mold bases than the working end of the comb teeth 30. Each mold base has an extension with a permission window downstream; the permission window moves laterally along with the corresponding mold base. In the mold-closed state, the permission window deviates from the entry axis of the long key tongue; after the mold is separated, the permission windows on both sides align with the corresponding long key tongues. The sidewalls of the permission windows are solid entities; when the long key tongues enter, the passageways on both sides are checked first. If either side fails to make room, a solid blockage will occur. At this point, the maintenance drive should be stopped and the jammed area cleared; the blockage should not be forcibly overcome by continuing to apply pressure.

[0057] After the long key tongues on both sides pass through the permission window, the comb teeth 30 approach the opened forming area. There is a fitting clearance between the long key tongues and the permission window that allows axial movement, but the key tongues laterally occupy the path for the mold base to close inward. The length of the key tongue occupancy should ensure that the permission window still overlaps with the key tongue when the comb teeth are still in the half-mold closing area; after the cleaning comb retracts in the reverse direction, the comb teeth leave this area first, and the key tongues then completely leave the window. This fit relies on the actual parting position of the previous stage for entry and utilizes the existing axial displacement of the cleaning comb to maintain subsequent anti-mold closing constraints.

[0058] Reference Figure 12 and Figure 13 A material-separating gate 16 is installed in the transverse through-slit of the feed neck of the pressing chamber 3, with the hopper flange located above the slit. A slag discharge gate 17 is positioned close to the bottom slag discharge port of the pressing chamber 3. The two gates are connected by a staggered connecting bridge located outside the chamber, which avoids the plunger channel within the chamber. The upper and lower gates have axially staggered blocking areas: in the normal position, the top feed port is exposed while the bottom slag discharge port is blocked; after moving along the maintenance direction, the top is covered while the bottom is exposed. A capture guide groove on the side of the chamber restricts the gate assembly from flipping and maintains it in a sliding relationship close to the port edge.

[0059] The follower part of the gate assembly cooperates with another capture guide on the maintenance carriage 11. This guide first forms the gate switching displacement, and then forms a holding section, so that the two gates remain stationary during subsequent key retraction, half-die separation, and comb advance. At the start of maintenance, feeding should be stopped and the plunger returned first. Gate switching is used to isolate the remaining raw material in the hopper and open the slag discharge port; the gate switches when the pressing stops, the molding pressure is released, and there are no large foreign objects blocking the passage. If fiber entrapment is found to affect the gate's positioning, it should be removed while the machine is stopped and pressure is released.

[0060] The slag discharge funnel 24 is located below the bottom slag discharge port, with its lower end facing the slag collection box 25. The slag collection box 25 is supported on the lower platform of the frame and has a lateral extraction handle, with a gap between its upper edge and the lower end of the funnel. After the maintenance slide is reset and reliably stopped, the slag collection box is pulled out laterally along the platform to avoid the downward-moving stop key occupying the extraction path. The finished product guide trough 23 is located below the mold outlet and the pelletizer 18, and receives the material falling from different positions, respectively, along with the slag discharge funnel 24; the side walls and openings of the finished product trough allow for the movement envelope of the maintenance slide, the cutter, and the cleaning mechanism. The original residual material and the ejected blockage material in the cleaning chamber are all collected into the slag collection box and are not directly collected as qualified products that have been granulated.

[0061] Reference Figure 14The pelletizing blade 18 moves laterally along the cutter guide 19, cutting off the extruded material strip as it passes the forming channel outlet. The cutter drive 20 is mounted on a mounting base on the outlet side and connected to the lower part of the blade body via a back plate with a staggered connecting neck; the axial position of the back plate and its connection position with the blade body are staggered from the fixed support frame and maintenance carriage. The cutter has a clearance position on one side, with a folded allowance portion extending outward from the cleaning comb channel below the blade body and offset downstream, and a clearance groove at its end. The side extension receiving portion of the protective cover covers the lateral movement range of this allowance portion, and the connecting bridge of the allowance rib connects to the maintenance carriage from the side, avoiding the axial travel of the comb frame. Only when the cutter is in this position is the clearance groove aligned with the starting stop of the maintenance carriage 11, allowing the maintenance carriage to enter the cleaning stroke; when the cutter is not in the clearance position, the solid edge constitutes an entry restriction. After the pelletizing blade 18 stops and remains in the clearance position, the maintenance carriage 11 begins the cleaning stroke.

[0062] Reference Figure 24 and Figure 25 The pressure plunger 4 has a return section located outside the cavity. The return section moves axially with the plunger and has a return notch at the corresponding fully returned position. The plunger stop key 28 moves laterally along the side guide of the frame, and its upstream end can be inserted into the return notch. The downstream allowable part simultaneously engages with the capture rib of the maintenance slide 11. When the plunger has not returned, the solid side of the return section prevents the stop key from being inserted; when the stop key is not inserted, the downstream allowable part blocks the initial movement path of the maintenance slide. After the stop key is inserted, it restricts the plunger from advancing again and aligns the downstream opening with the capture rib of the maintenance slide. After the maintenance slide enters, the rib restricts the lateral withdrawal of the stop key until the slide returns to the production position. The plunger stop key 28 is inserted after the pressure hydraulic cylinder 5 is depressurized, forming a mechanical hold for the return position of the plunger.

[0063] Hydraulic station 22 provides corresponding valve circuits for the pressing hydraulic cylinder 5, the cutter drive 20, and the maintenance drive 21. Control box 27 houses the operation and status control unit. The pressing and maintenance valve circuits should be controlled separately. The maximum force set for the maintenance valve circuit should be lower than the allowable blocking load that the permissible window, long key tongue, and related limiting components can withstand, taking into account the force-bearing area and structural strength of the hydraulic cylinder. This limiting force is achieved through the pressure setting of the maintenance valve circuit, ensuring that the long key tongue maintains its limiting function under obstructed conditions. Piping should avoid the discharge port and the moving area of ​​the cleaning mechanism, and provisions should be made for maintenance connection. The specific pressure is determined based on the raw material, mold, and actual strength, and should be matched with the selected mold and drive components.

[0064] During normal operation, first confirm that the half-mold is closed, the stop key is in the supporting position, the cleaning comb is fully retracted, the slag discharge gate is closed, and the material separation gate is open. Then, pull out the maintenance limit pin 31 and release the return lock of the plunger stop key 28. Suitable mixture enters the pressing chamber 3 from the feed hopper 2. The pressing plunger 4 presses the material axially into the forming channel. The material strip is extruded from the outlet and cut by the pelletizer 18, with the pellets falling into the finished product guide trough 23. After the plunger retracts and is replenished, the next pressing cycle begins. The pelletizing rhythm is coordinated with the actual extrusion situation, and the cleaning comb remains in retreat during this period.

[0065] When an abnormal discharge is detected and unblocking is required, stop feeding and pressing. First, retract the plunger to its original position and move the pelletizer to the clearance position. Then, release the pressing pressure and confirm that the relevant drives have stopped. Manually insert the plunger stop key 28 into the return notch, at which point the conditions for the maintenance carriage to enter are met. The maintenance drive component 21 moves the maintenance carriage downward, first closing the top feed port and opening the bottom slag discharge port; after maintaining the two gates in their positions, the stop key exits the mold base pressure zone; then the capture guide causes the two mold bases to separate outward, separating the two half sidewalls of the half-mold groove, releasing the lateral clamping of the material blocking the hole.

[0066] Subsequently, the capture groove of the comb frame begins to drive the cleaning comb 13 upstream. The long key tongues on both sides first pass through the corresponding permission windows, and then the comb teeth 30 enter the opened forming area. The blocked material is pushed back into the cleaning chamber and falls into the slag discharge funnel 24 through the bottom opening, and then into the slag collection box 25. If any permission window is not aligned, the forward movement should be stopped by the restricted drive to find out the cause of the mold base, roller pin, or guide blockage. The cleaning comb 13 will continue to move forward only when both long key tongues on both sides can pass through the permission windows. The comb teeth deal with the blocked material that has been released from clamping and is in its working path; any remaining adhering material after cleaning is removed by the maintenance department after the machine is stopped and the maintenance position is fixed.

[0067] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 29 After reaching the cleaning position, align the maintenance carriage with the end hole of the fixed load-bearing frame. After stopping and removing the maintenance driving force, insert the maintenance limit pin 31, then open the inspection section of the protective cover 26 for observation, cleaning, or comb tooth replacement. When replacing the comb teeth, loosen the connecting nut on its back, pull out the comb teeth along the mounting hole, and install the corresponding new part. Check the positioning shoulder abutment, working end arrangement, and integrity of the permissible key tongue. Do not drive the carriage to move while the maintenance limit pin is inserted. After maintenance, close the inspection section, confirm that personnel and tools have left the movement area, and perform a reset after pulling out the limit pin.

[0068] During reset, maintenance drive 21 causes the maintenance slide to move in the reverse direction. The cleaning capture groove first retracts the comb holder; only after the comb teeth leave the forming area does the long key tongue leave the permission window. Then, the mold separation capture guide closes the two mold seats, the half-mold grooves re-align, and the stop key returns to the space between the mold seat and the fixed support surface. Finally, the gate guide closes the slag discharge port and opens the feed port. After the maintenance slide returns to its starting position, it releases the capture of the plunger stop key 28, allowing the stop key to be pulled out. Only after verifying the forming port, discharge path, and related status can material feeding and pressing resume.

[0069] In this embodiment, the protective cover 26 covers the working parts such as the channel outlet, pelletizing knife, and cleaning comb, and has a lower opening for finished product to fall and a maintenance section for shutdown maintenance. The protective cover is not a working pressure-bearing component, and the relevant drive should be stopped when the maintenance section is opened. Necessary chamfers or rounded corners are provided at the external joints and frequently disassembled openings, and the moving mating surfaces are subjected to wear-resistant treatment and cleaning maintenance suitable for powder environments. Transitional shapes are used to avoid sharp edges, facilitate insertion, or reduce local stress concentration.

[0070] This device is used for processing biomass densified fuel. It uses agricultural and forestry waste that has been cleaned, crushed, and conditioned as the main biomass raw material, and oyster shell powder as a mineral additive. The main combustible components in the fuel come from the agricultural and forestry waste. The amount of oyster shell powder added is selected based on the ash content of the mixture, molding requirements, and fuel usage conditions. The mixture is pressure-extruded through a molding channel and pelletized to form solid fuel pellets.

[0071] In the soil conditioner granulation process, after the equipment is cleaned and the feed is changed, a mixture containing oyster shell powder is prepared according to the soil application, and the corresponding moisture content and particle size are set. The fuel mixture and the soil conditioner mixture are produced in batches and collected separately; before switching, the residue in the hopper, pressing chamber, forming groove, guide chute, and slag collection box is removed to reduce cross-mixing. In both types of operation, granulation is completed by the extrusion pelletizing mechanism, and the forming channel is cleaned by the die-splitting and unblocking mechanism after shutdown and depressurization.

Claims

1. A clog-resistant granulation device for soil conditioner based on oyster shell powder, comprising a pressing chamber (3), a pressing plunger (4), and a pelletizing blade (18), characterized in that: The fixed load-bearing frame (6) is laterally guided to connect the left mold base (7) and the right mold base (8). The left half mold (9) and the right half mold (10) on the two mold bases are combined with the grooves to form a molding channel. The maintenance carriage (11) has a stop key backing the fixed load-bearing frame (6) and a capture guide for driving the two mold bases to separate. It also drives the material separation gate (16) to close and the slag discharge gate (17) to open. Then, the stop key is driven to exit, the two mold bases are separated, and the cleaning comb (13) pushes back the blockage material along the channel axis. The cleaning comb (13) has long key tongues on both sides that face the mold base permission window before the comb teeth (30). The two permission windows are aligned with the long key tongues as their respective mold bases separate. After the long key tongue passes through the window, it occupies the mold base closing path. The comb teeth (30) push the blockage material into the cleaning cavity connected to the slag discharge funnel (24). When the maintenance carriage (11) moves in the opposite direction, it first exits the cleaning comb (13), then closes the mold and resets the stop key, and finally resets the two gates.

2. The granulation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge side of the two half molds is provided with a pressure-bearing shoulder that abuts against the corresponding mold base. The pressure-bearing shoulders of the two mold bases abut against the fixed load-bearing frame (6) axially. The stop key has a flat locking surface that cooperates with the outer pressure-bearing surface of the mold base and a support surface that backs against the fixed load-bearing frame (6). After the flat locking surface exits the mold base, the mold segment of the capture guide drives the mold base to move outward.

3. The granulation apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The maintenance carriage (11) has guide wings located on both sides of the discharge channel. The capture guide on the guide wings includes a locking and holding section, a mold parting section and a mold parting holding section. The follower roller (12) is installed on the corresponding mold base and constrained by the two side walls of the capture guide. The mold parting holding section corresponds to the stroke range of the drive cleaning comb (13).

4. The granulation apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning comb (13) is fixed to the comb holder (14), and the comb holder (14) moves axially on the cleaning guide seat (15); the maintenance slide (11) has a folding capture groove that cooperates with the follower roller pin (12) of the comb holder (14), the folding capture groove keeps the comb holder (14) in the exit position before the mold is separated, and moves towards the cleaning cavity after the two mold seats are separated.

5. The granulation apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each permission window has a passage section for the long key tongue to pass through and a limiting sidewall opposite the long key tongue in the mold base closing direction; the leading end of the long key tongue extends beyond the working end of the comb tooth (30), and the axial occupancy length of the long key tongue allows the comb tooth (30) to exit the closing area of ​​the two halves of the mold before releasing the limiting on the mold base.

6. The granulation apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grooves are arranged along the joint surfaces of the two halves of the mold, and each groove has a feeding side guide and a forming part; the comb teeth (30) correspond to each forming channel, the lateral dimension of the comb teeth (30) is smaller than the channel gap after the two halves of the mold are separated, and the comb teeth (30) can be detachably installed on the cleaning comb (13).

7. The granulation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material separation gate (16) is located between the feed hopper (2) and the pressing chamber (3), and the slag discharge gate (17) is located at the bottom of the cleaning chamber. The two gates move together along the axial direction through the connecting bridge outside the pressing chamber (3), and cooperate with the guide of the maintenance slide (11) through the follower part. The guide is provided with a holding section corresponding to the mold splitting and cleaning stroke. A removable slag collection box (25) is provided below the slag discharge funnel (24), and a finished product guide groove (23) is provided below the pelletizer (18).

8. The granulation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The return section of the pressure plunger (4) is provided with a return notch that cooperates with the plunger stop key (28). When the pressure plunger (4) retracts to the position, the plunger stop key (28) enters the return notch and restricts the pressure plunger (4) from advancing again. The pelletizer (18) has a clearance position on the cutter guide (19). After the pelletizer (18) reaches the clearance position, its clearance groove allows the starting stop on the maintenance carriage (11) to pass through.

9. The granulation apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pressure hydraulic cylinder (5) drives the pressure plunger (4), the maintenance drive (21) drives the maintenance slide (11), the hydraulic station (22) is provided with valves that control the pressure hydraulic cylinder (5) and the maintenance drive (21) respectively, and the valve of the maintenance drive (21) has a limited pressure; the maintenance slide (11) and the fixed load-bearing frame (6) are provided with a limiting hole that is aligned at the maintenance end and allows the maintenance limiting pin (31) to be inserted.

10. The granulation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mold base pressure strip (29) is detachably connected to the fixed load-bearing frame (6) and guides the two mold bases to slide laterally. The frame (1) is provided with a protective cover (26) covering the molding channel outlet, the pelletizing knife (18) and the cleaning comb (13). The protective cover (26) has a material drop port facing the finished product guide groove (23) and has an openable maintenance section for replacing the comb teeth (30) when the machine is stopped.

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