A negative pressure circulation emulsification reaction apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment, it is related to emulsification reaction equipment technical field.The equipment includes reaction tank, mesh cylinder is movably installed in reaction tank, the top of mesh cylinder is fixed with connecting cylinder, the bottom is fixed with the bottom block that is attached to the inner wall of reaction tank, and the driving assembly for driving connecting cylinder is installed on reaction tank;Mesh cylinder is sleeved with sleeve, the cavity copper cylinder that is filled with hot water is sleeved outside sleeve, the bottom ring block is movably connected at the bottom of sleeve, and one end of bottom ring block is fixed with cavity copper cylinder, and the other end is attached to bottom block.The application is synergized by mesh cylinder rotary shearing, sleeve axial reciprocating convection and pulse electric field, and emulsification efficiency and product homogeneity are significantly improved;Flexible movement and accurate temperature control of heating area are realized by liftable cavity copper cylinder, and diversified material process requirements are adapted;Double safety protection is formed by dynamic sealing of bottom ring block and active pressure relief of pressure barrier, to ensure long-term safe operation of equipment under high temperature and high pressure dynamic conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of emulsification reaction equipment technology, specifically a negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the emulsification reaction equipment widely used in industry mainly includes high-speed shear emulsifiers, high-pressure homogenizers, ultrasonic emulsification equipment, and traditional stirred emulsification reaction tanks, but these existing devices all have varying degrees of technical defects: (i) Insufficient emulsification efficiency and product homogeneity. The shearing action of the high-speed shear emulsifier is mainly concentrated near the stator-rotor gap. The fluid flow is slow far from the shearing area, resulting in a significant "dead zone". This leads to uneven material processing, wide product particle size distribution and poor uniformity. Although the high-pressure homogenizer can achieve nanoscale emulsification, it has a small processing capacity, high equipment cost, and is prone to clogging, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production. The shearing force of the traditional mixing tank is even weaker and extremely unevenly distributed, making it difficult to achieve sufficient droplet refinement. (ii) Poor temperature control accuracy and low process adaptability. The temperature control system of existing equipment generally adopts a fixed jacket structure, the heating position cannot be moved and the heating area cannot be adjusted. It cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the differentiated temperature requirements of different materials and different process stages. Especially for special material systems with extremely narrow processing temperature windows, existing equipment can hardly meet the requirements. In addition, the jacket heating method of traditional mixing tanks has an inherent problem of uneven temperature distribution - there is a significant temperature difference between the area near the tank wall and the center of the tank. The phenomenon of "overheating near the wall and insufficient heat in the center" is particularly prominent in high viscosity materials. At the same time, the heating function and stirring / shearing function of existing equipment are highly coupled in structure and cannot be adjusted independently, which seriously limits the flexibility of process development. (iii) Insufficient dynamic sealing and pressure safety. When the emulsification reaction equipment is used to process high-viscosity materials or high-temperature conditions, material leakage or external air intrusion can easily occur in the dynamic seal between the rotating shaft and the tank, and the mating surfaces between various moving parts, leading to product contamination or process loss of control. Especially under negative pressure operation conditions, the failure of the seal will cause a large amount of external air to be drawn into the tank, causing material oxidation or damage to the emulsion system. In addition, for the high-temperature heating medium circulation system, the existing equipment lacks a targeted active pressure protection mechanism. When the heating medium expands due to heat or the pipeline is blocked, the pressure can easily rise suddenly, posing a safety hazard of shell deformation or even bursting. In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment that can achieve the synergistic effect of mechanical shearing, forced convection and pulsed electric field to improve emulsification efficiency and homogeneity, enable flexible movement of the heating zone and precise temperature control to adapt to the diverse material process requirements, and have reliable dynamic sealing and active pressure safety protection mechanisms to ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of the equipment under harsh working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction device.

[0004] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction device, comprising a reaction tank, a support rod fixed to the bottom of the reaction tank, a mesh cylinder movably installed inside the reaction tank, a connecting cylinder fixed to the top of the mesh cylinder, a bottom block fixed to the bottom of the mesh cylinder and conforming to the inner wall of the reaction tank, a drive assembly for the transmission connecting cylinder installed on the reaction tank, a sleeve fitted onto the outer surface of the mesh cylinder, a hollow copper cylinder containing hot water fitted onto the outer surface of the sleeve, and a bottom block movably connected to the bottom of the sleeve. The reaction vessel is equipped with a ring block, one end of which is fixed to the hollow copper cylinder, and the other end of which is attached to the bottom block. A reciprocating assembly for driving the sleeve is installed on the reaction vessel. A lifting assembly for driving the hollow copper cylinder and the reciprocating assembly is installed on the reaction vessel. An electrode rod extending into the mesh cylinder is fixed inside the reaction vessel. The electrode rod is electrically connected to an external pulse power supply via a cable. A first feed pipe and a second feed pipe connected to an external material guiding mechanism are respectively installed inside the upper end of the reaction vessel. A pressure stopper is installed on the hollow copper cylinder.

[0005] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a first driving motor fixed to the top of the reaction vessel, a rotating rod drivenly connected to the first driving motor, the lower end of the rotating rod penetrating the reaction vessel and fixedly sleeved with a second gear ring, the outer surface of the second gear ring meshing with a first gear ring, and the bottom of the first gear ring being fixedly connected to a connecting cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, the reciprocating assembly includes a second drive motor, a cam is drivenly connected to the second drive motor, a square frame is sleeved on the outer surface of the cam, a second connecting frame is fixed at the bottom of the square frame, and the lower end of the second connecting frame passes through the reaction vessel and is fixedly connected to the sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a first electric telescopic rod fixed to the reaction vessel. The upper end of the first electric telescopic rod is drivenly connected to a moving block fixedly connected to a second drive motor. The two ends of the moving block are respectively fixed with a first connecting frame. The lower end of the first connecting frame passes through the reaction vessel and is fixedly connected to the hollow copper cylinder. The bottom of the moving block is fixed with a limit rod. The lower end of the limit rod passes through the reaction vessel and extends into the interior of the reaction vessel.

[0008] Preferably, the left and right ends of the hollow copper cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to a first hose and a second hose, and the other ends of the first hose and the second hose pass through the reaction tank and are connected to the external circulating hot water mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, a first block is movably fitted inside the bottom block, a convex disk is fixed to the bottom of the first block, and a second block is fitted onto the outer surface of the convex disk, with the outer surface of the second block movably fitted to the inner wall of the reaction vessel.

[0010] Preferably, a sealing block is fixed to the bottom of the second block, and the top of the sealing block is attached to the bottom of the reaction vessel.

[0011] Preferably, a movable frame is fixed to the bottom of the sealing block, and a second electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the movable frame. The second electric telescopic rod is fixed to the bottom of the reaction vessel.

[0012] Preferably, the pressure relief valve is a one-way pressure relief valve installed on the outer wall of the hollow copper cylinder. The air inlet of the one-way pressure relief valve is connected to the inner cavity of the hollow copper cylinder, and the air outlet is connected to the outside atmosphere. It is used to automatically open and relieve pressure when the water pressure in the hollow copper cylinder exceeds a preset threshold.

[0013] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction device, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. By combining the synergistic effect of the rotational shearing of the mesh cylinder and the axial reciprocating motion of the sleeve with pulsed electric field treatment, the emulsification effect is enhanced through multi-physics coupling. The driving component drives the mesh cylinder to rotate, generating a forced circulating shearing force in the reaction vessel to initially disperse the material. The reciprocating component drives the sleeve to move up and down along the outer wall of the mesh cylinder, continuously changing the flow channel cross-section and fluid flow direction, generating a dynamic turbulence effect, effectively preventing material accumulation or short circuit at the mesh, and forcing the material to repeatedly pass through the mesh for refinement. The electrode rod extends into the mesh cylinder and applies a pulsed electric field, generating an electro-breakage effect simultaneously when the fluid passes through the mesh, significantly reducing the surface tension of the droplets and promoting the formation of micron and even nano-sized emulsion droplets. The synergy of these three factors allows the material to undergo the triple action of "shearing + turbulence + electro-breakage effect" in a short time, greatly improving the emulsification efficiency and ensuring that the final product has a narrower particle size distribution and better uniformity.

[0014] 2. By loading hot water into a hollow copper cylinder and combining it with a lifting assembly, the heating zone can be moved and flexibly adjusted. Hot water is circulated inside the hollow copper cylinder, and the high thermal conductivity of copper is used to efficiently heat the sleeve and mesh cylinder areas. The lifting assembly can simultaneously drive the hollow copper cylinder and the reciprocating assembly to move up and down as a whole, so that the heating zone can be heated at different axial positions in the reaction tank for fixed-point heating or scanning heating, adapting to the different temperature requirements of different materials for the "preheating section", "reaction section" and "insulation section". Since the sleeve and the hollow copper cylinder are linked under the drive of the lifting assembly, but the reciprocating motion is independent of each other, the decoupling design of "flexible adjustment of heating position" and "independent control of shear strength" is achieved, which greatly enhances the equipment's process adaptability to various emulsion formulations and the accuracy of temperature control.

[0015] 3. A dual safety protection mechanism is constructed through the dynamic fitting structure of the bottom ring block and the active pressure relief protection of the pressure baffle. One end of the bottom ring block is fixed to the hollow copper cylinder, and the other end is fitted with the bottom block. When the hollow copper cylinder moves up and down with the lifting assembly, the bottom ring block always maintains a sliding fit with the bottom block, effectively preventing materials from entering the hollow copper cylinder from the gap between the sleeve and the bottom block, avoiding cross-contamination, and ensuring the bottom sealing integrity of the hot water chamber. The pressure baffle monitors the water pressure in the hollow copper cylinder in real time. When the hot water expands due to heat or the pipeline is blocked, causing the internal pressure to exceed the preset threshold, it automatically opens to release pressure, preventing the copper cylinder from bulging, the weld from cracking, or the seal from failing. This significantly improves the operational safety of the equipment under high temperature and high pressure dynamic conditions. This dual protection mechanism is especially suitable for negative pressure circulation emulsification processes. In the negative pressure environment inside the tank, it can prevent external air from backflowing into contaminated materials and ensure the pressure safety of the hot water circulation system itself, greatly reducing the equipment failure rate and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction vessel of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front half-sectional view of the mesh tube of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front cross-sectional view of the hollow copper cylinder of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the closed block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the reaction vessel of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Reaction vessel; 2. Support rod; 3. Bottom block; 4. Mesh cylinder; 5. Connecting cylinder; 6. First gear ring; 7. Electrode rod; 8. Sleeve; 9. Hollow copper cylinder; 10. Pressure stopper; 11. Bottom ring block; 12. First hose; 13. Second hose; 14. First feed pipe; 15. First drive motor; 16. Rotating rod; 17. Second gear ring; 18. First electric telescopic rod; 19. Moving block; 20. Limiting rod; 21. First connecting frame; 22. Second drive motor; 23. Cam; 24. Square frame; 25. Second connecting frame; 26. Second feed pipe; 27. First square block; 28. Convex disc; 29. ​​Second square block; 30. Sealing block; 31. Moving frame; 32. Second electric telescopic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "up" and "down" generally refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "left" and "right" generally refer to the left and right shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not intended to limit this invention.

[0019] Example 1, according to Figures 1-8 As shown, a negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction device includes a reaction tank 1. A support rod 2 is fixed to the bottom of the reaction tank 1. The support rod 2 is vertically arranged and its lower end is fixedly installed on the mounting base to support the reaction tank 1 at a predetermined height position, providing operating space for material discharge and pipeline connection at the bottom of the tank. A vacuum port is provided at the top of the reaction tank 1. This port is connected to an external vacuum pump system through a vacuum pipeline to perform vacuum treatment inside the reaction tank 1 before and during emulsification, so as to create a negative pressure environment inside the tank.

[0020] Inside the reaction vessel 1, a mesh cylinder 4 is movably installed. The mesh cylinder 4 is a cylindrical structure with uniformly distributed mesh holes on its wall. The mesh hole diameter can be selected according to the characteristics of the material and the target particle size. A connecting cylinder 5 is fixed to the top of the mesh cylinder 4. The connecting cylinder 5 is cylindrical with an open top and a fixed connection between its bottom end and the top of the mesh cylinder 4.

[0021] The bottom of the mesh cylinder 4 is fixed with a bottom block 3 that fits against the inner wall of the reaction tank 1. The bottom block 3 is disc-shaped, and its outer wall slides against the inner wall of the reaction tank 1. A through hole is provided in the center of the bottom block 3, which passes through the upper and lower end faces, for material to flow out during discharge.

[0022] A drive assembly for a transmission connecting cylinder 5 is installed on the reaction vessel 1. The drive assembly includes a first drive motor 15 fixed to the top of the reaction vessel 1. The output shaft of the first drive motor 15 is vertically downward. A rotating rod 16 is drivenly connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor 15. The lower end of the rotating rod 16 passes through the top of the reaction vessel 1 and extends into the interior of the reaction vessel 1. A second gear ring 17 is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the rotating rod 16. A first gear ring 6 is meshed with the outer surface of the second gear ring 17. The bottom of the first gear ring 6 is fixedly connected to the connecting cylinder 5. The first gear ring 6 is an external gear ring, which, together with the second gear ring 17, forms a gear transmission pair.

[0023] In actual operation, the external vacuum pump system is first started, and the inside of reaction tank 1 is evacuated through the vacuum port at the top of the tank. The pressure inside the tank is gradually reduced to a preset negative pressure value, typically -0.06 MPa to -0.09 MPa. The negative pressure environment not only facilitates the rapid intake of subsequent materials, but more importantly, it effectively removes dissolved air and bubbles generated during the reaction, preventing bubbles from causing demulsification or uneven particle size during emulsification. Under negative pressure, the tiny bubbles in the material expand under the pressure difference and rise to the liquid surface to burst, thereby achieving complete degassing of the material and ensuring the density and stability of the emulsion product. After vacuuming is completed, oil phase material and water phase material are injected into reaction tank 1 through the first feed pipe 14 and the second feed pipe 26, respectively. Under the suction of the negative pressure, the materials quickly enter the interior of reaction tank 1. And it will not mix in air. Start the first drive motor 15. The output shaft of the first drive motor 15 drives the rotating rod 16 to rotate. The rotating rod 16 drives the second gear ring 17, which is fixedly sleeved at its lower end, to rotate synchronously. The second gear ring 17 drives the first gear ring 6 to rotate through gear meshing. The first gear ring 6 drives the connecting cylinder 5, which is fixedly connected to it, to rotate. When the connecting cylinder 5 rotates, it drives the mesh cylinder 4, which is fixedly connected to it, to rotate at high speed around its own axis inside the reaction tank 1. When the mesh cylinder 4 rotates, the mesh on its cylinder wall exerts a forced shearing effect on the material in the reaction tank 1, breaking large oil droplets into smaller droplets.

[0024] Simultaneously, the rotation of the mesh cylinder 4 creates a forced circulating field within the reaction vessel 1. An electrode rod 7, extending into the mesh cylinder 4, is fixed inside the reaction vessel 1. The electrode rod 7 is vertically positioned, with its upper end fixed to the top wall of the reaction vessel 1 and its lower end extending downwards to the center of the mesh cylinder 4. The bottom end of the electrode rod 7 is located inside the mesh cylinder 4 but higher than the bottom block 3 to avoid interference with the bottom block 3. The electrode rod 7 is electrically connected to an external pulse power supply via a cable. While the mesh cylinder 4 rotates and shears, the external pulse power supply is activated, applying a high-frequency, high-voltage pulse signal to the electrode rod 7 via the cable. This creates a non-uniform flow between the electrode rod 7 and the mesh cylinder 4. The electric field strength near the surface of the electrode rod 7 is extremely high, while the electric field strength near the inner wall of the mesh cylinder 4 is relatively weak. When the material flows through the surface area of ​​the electrode rod 7 inside the mesh cylinder 4, the dispersed phase droplets are polarized under the action of the electric field. Opposite charges accumulate on the surface of the droplets, generating electro-tension force. When the electro-tension force exceeds the interfacial tension of the droplet surface, the droplet deforms, oscillates, or even breaks, forming smaller sub-droplets, generating an electro-fragmentation effect. Since the electrode rod 7 extends into the inside of the mesh cylinder 4, each droplet thrown out from the inside of the mesh cylinder 4 must pass through the region with the highest electric field strength, achieving a high degree of spatial overlap between the shear field and the electric field.

[0025] A sleeve 8 is fitted onto the outer surface of the mesh cylinder 4. The sleeve 8 is a cylindrical structure with a very small gap between its inner wall and the outer wall of the mesh cylinder 4. The sleeve 8 can slide axially back and forth along the outer wall of the mesh cylinder 4. A reciprocating assembly for driving the sleeve 8 is installed on the reaction vessel 1. The reciprocating assembly includes a second drive motor 22, which is fixedly mounted on the moving block 19 at the upper end of the reaction vessel 1. A cam 23 is driven and connected to the output shaft of the second drive motor 22. The cam 23 is an eccentric wheel structure. A square frame 24 is fitted onto the outer surface of the cam 23. The square frame 24 is a rectangular frame structure. A second connecting frame 25 is fixed to the bottom of the square frame 24. The lower end of 5 penetrates the top of the reaction vessel 1 and extends into the interior of the reaction vessel 1. The lower end of the second connecting frame 25 is fixedly connected to the top of the sleeve 8. While the mesh cylinder 4 is rotating and shearing and being treated by the pulse electric field, the second drive motor 22 is started. The second drive motor 22 drives the cam 23 to rotate. The rotation of the cam 23 pushes the square frame 24 to move up and down. The square frame 24 drives the second connecting frame 25 to move up and down synchronously. The second connecting frame 25 drives the sleeve 8 to slide axially back and forth along the outer wall of the mesh cylinder 4. When the sleeve 8 moves upward, it pushes the fluid located below the sleeve 8 upward, forcing the fluid to flow from the outside of the mesh cylinder 4 through the mesh into the interior of the mesh cylinder 4.

[0026] When the sleeve 8 moves downward, it pushes the fluid above the sleeve 8 downward, forcing the fluid to flow from the inside of the mesh cylinder 4 through the mesh to the outside. The reciprocating motion of the sleeve 8 continuously changes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel and the flow direction of the fluid, generating a strong dynamic turbulence effect. In a negative pressure environment, the reciprocating motion of the sleeve 8 has a special advantage. Since the tank is under negative pressure, the air bubbles in the material have been removed in advance. When the material passes through the mesh, it will not experience cavitation impact due to the presence of air bubbles, making the reciprocating turbulence of the sleeve 8 more stable and uniform.

[0027] Meanwhile, the effective circulation of materials under negative pressure benefits from the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tank. The reciprocating motion of the sleeve 8 works in conjunction with the negative pressure attraction, forcing the material to repeatedly pass through the mesh for refinement. The rotational shearing of the mesh cylinder 4, the axial reciprocating turbulence of the sleeve 8, and the pulsed electric field treatment form a multi-physics coupling mode of "continuous shearing + periodic turbulence + instantaneous impact". The rotational shearing provides a continuous basic crushing force, initially breaking up large droplets. The reciprocating turbulence of the sleeve 8 forces the material to repeatedly pass through the mesh, increasing the number of times the droplets are sheared, while avoiding mesh blockage. The pulsed electric field applies an electro-breakage effect at the moment the droplets pass through the mesh, further reducing the interfacial tension of the droplets and promoting the formation of micron and even nano-sized emulsion droplets. The synergy of these three factors allows the material to undergo the triple action of "shearing + turbulence + electro-demulsification" in a short time, which greatly improves the emulsification efficiency and ensures that the final product has a narrower particle size distribution and better uniformity.

[0028] Example 2: In this example, the controllable movable structure of the hollow copper cylinder heating area of ​​the negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment and its working principle are mainly described. The mechanism of loading hot water into the hollow copper cylinder and combining it with the lifting component to achieve flexible adjustment of the heating area is emphasized. Based on the reaction device of Embodiment 1, this embodiment further illustrates the linkage operation mode of the hollow copper cylinder 9, the sleeve 8 and the lifting assembly; like Figures 2-7 As shown, a hollow copper cylinder 9 containing hot water is fitted onto the outer surface of the sleeve 8. The hollow copper cylinder 9 is a closed cylindrical structure made of copper, and its interior forms a cavity for containing circulating hot water. Copper has an extremely high thermal conductivity, which can quickly transfer the heat of the hot water to the area of ​​the sleeve 8 and the mesh cylinder 4. The left and right ends of the hollow copper cylinder 9 are respectively fixedly connected to a first flexible hose 12 and a second flexible hose 13. Both the first flexible hose 12 and the second flexible hose 13 are flexible tubes, and their other ends penetrate through the wall plate of the reaction tank 1 and are connected to the external circulating hot water mechanism. The first flexible hose 12 serves as a hot water inlet pipe, which sends the hot water heated to the set temperature by the external circulating hot water mechanism into the hollow copper cylinder 9.

[0029] The second hose 13 serves as a return water pipe, returning the hot water inside the hollow copper cylinder 9 to the external circulating hot water mechanism for reheating. Since the first hose 12 and the second hose 13 are flexible pipes, a lifting assembly is installed on the reaction tank 1 to drive the hollow copper cylinder 9 and the reciprocating assembly. The lifting assembly includes a first electric telescopic rod 18 fixed to the reaction tank 1. The first electric telescopic rod 18 is vertically arranged with its telescopic end facing upwards. A moving block 19 is drively connected to the upper end of the first electric telescopic rod 18. The moving block 19 is a horizontally arranged plate-shaped component. The first connecting frame 21 is fixed at both ends. The first connecting frame 21 is set vertically, and its lower end passes through the top of the reaction tank 1 and extends into the interior of the reaction tank 1. The lower end of the first connecting frame 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the hollow copper cylinder 9. The bottom of the moving block 19 is fixed with a limit rod 20. The lower end of the limit rod 20 passes through the top of the reaction tank 1 and extends into the interior of the reaction tank 1. The limit rod 20 can slide relative to the top wall plate of the reaction tank 1. The function of the limit rod 20 is to ensure that the moving block 19 maintains vertical stability during the lifting and lowering process and prevents tilting.

[0030] The second drive motor 22 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the moving block 19. Therefore, when the first electric telescopic rod 18 extends or retracts, the moving block 19 drives the second drive motor 22 and the cam 23, square frame 24 and second connecting frame 25 connected to it to move up and down as a whole. At the same time, the moving block 19 drives the hollow copper cylinder 9 to move up and down synchronously through the first connecting frame 21. Thus, the hollow copper cylinder 9 and the reciprocating assembly are linked in the up and down movement, but the axial reciprocating movement of the sleeve 8 is driven independently by the second drive motor 22 and is not affected by the up and down movement.

[0031] In actual operation, the external circulating hot water mechanism heats the water to the set temperature and sends the hot water into the internal cavity of the hollow copper cylinder 9 through the first hose 12. After the hollow copper cylinder 9 is filled, the hot water flows back to the external circulating hot water mechanism through the second hose 13, forming a circulating heating circuit. The hollow copper cylinder 9 quickly transfers the heat of the hot water to the sleeve 8 and the mesh cylinder 4 area to heat the material inside the reaction tank 1. Heating under negative pressure has significant advantages. Because the tank is under negative pressure, the boiling point of the material is lowered, and effective heating and emulsification can be achieved at a lower temperature.

[0032] For example, in a negative pressure environment, aqueous materials can achieve good fluidity and emulsifying activity at 60°C to 70°C, while higher temperatures are required under normal pressure. This not only saves heating energy but also reduces the pressure resistance requirements of the hollow copper cylinder 9, improving the safety of equipment operation. At the same time, the negative pressure environment is conducive to the removal of dissolved gases in the hot water circulation system, reducing the corrosion of copper heat exchange surfaces by gases and extending the service life of the hollow copper cylinder 9. When the first electric telescopic rod 18 is activated, the telescopic end of the first electric telescopic rod 18 extends or retracts, pushing the moving block 19 to move up or down. When the moving block 19 moves, it drives the hollow copper cylinder 9 to rise and fall synchronously through the first connecting frame 21, and at the same time drives the second drive motor 22 fixed on the moving block 19 and the entire reciprocating assembly to rise and fall as a whole.

[0033] Therefore, the heating position of the hollow copper cylinder 9 can be freely adjusted in the axial direction of the reaction tank 1. Taking the three-stage temperature control as an example, for a material system that requires "preheating stage + reaction stage + heat preservation stage": In the preheating stage, the lifting component moves the hollow copper cylinder 9 to the upper part of the reaction tank 1, close to the feeding area of ​​the first feed pipe 14 and the second feed pipe 26, to quickly preheat the newly entered cold material. The preheating temperature is set to 45℃ to 50℃. In the reaction stage, the lifting component drives the hollow copper cylinder 9 to scan downward at a speed of 0.5mm / s to 2mm / s, so that the heating area covers the entire working area of ​​the mesh cylinder 4 and the sleeve 8, maintaining the constant temperature requirement of 50℃±1℃ in the main reaction stage. In the heat preservation stage, the lifting component moves the hollow copper cylinder 9 to the lower part of the reaction tank 1 to preserve and mature the emulsified material. The scanning heating can effectively compensate for the temperature gradient caused by material circulation and heat dissipation from the tank wall in the axial direction of the reaction tank 1, so that materials in different axial positions can obtain the same temperature treatment history.

[0034] Example 3: In this example, the dual safety protection mechanism of the negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment and the collaborative working principle of the vacuum negative pressure system are mainly explained. The dynamic sealing of the bottom ring block and the active pressure relief protection of the pressure blocker work together to ensure the safe operation of the equipment in a negative pressure environment. Based on the reaction apparatus of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, this embodiment further illustrates the collaborative safety protection mechanism of the pressure blocker 10 and the vacuum negative pressure system; like Figure 8 As shown, the reaction vessel 1 is equipped with a vacuum pumping pipe that connects to an external vacuum pump system. During the entire operation of the equipment, the vacuum pump system works continuously or intermittently under the command of the control system to maintain a stable negative pressure environment inside the reaction vessel 1. The negative pressure environment has multiple positive effects on the emulsification process.

[0035] First, it removes dissolved air from the material, preventing bubbles from interfering with the emulsification effect; second, it reduces the apparent viscosity of the material, improves its fluidity, and facilitates circulation and shear mass transfer; third, it lowers the boiling point, enabling heat-sensitive materials to be effectively emulsified at lower temperatures; and fourth, it prevents oxygen and microorganisms from entering the interior of reaction vessel 1, protecting easily oxidized and contaminated materials.

[0036] Pressure baffle 10 is installed on the outer wall of hollow copper cylinder 9. Pressure baffle 10 is a one-way pressure relief valve. Its air inlet end is connected to the internal cavity of hollow copper cylinder 9 through a connecting pipe, and its air outlet end is connected to the outside atmosphere through an exhaust pipe. The one-way pressure relief valve contains a valve core and a spring. The preload of the spring determines the opening pressure threshold of the pressure relief valve. The opening pressure threshold is set according to the design working pressure of hollow copper cylinder 9, which is usually 1.2 to 1.5 times the normal working pressure.

[0037] For example, if the normal operating water pressure of the hollow copper cylinder 9 is 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa, then the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve is set to 0.36 MPa to 0.45 MPa. During equipment operation, the circulating hot water inside the hollow copper cylinder 9 expands due to heat, increasing the water pressure. Under normal operating conditions, the water pressure is below the opening threshold of the pressure baffle 10, and the pressure relief valve remains closed, allowing the hot water to circulate normally inside the hollow copper cylinder 9. However, in abnormal operating conditions, such as a malfunction of the circulating water pump causing water flow stagnation, a failure of the hot water temperature control system causing a continuous rise in water temperature, or a bend or blockage of the first hose 12 or the second hose 13 causing poor return water flow, the water pressure inside the hollow copper cylinder 9 will rise sharply. When the water pressure exceeds the opening threshold of the pressure baffle 10, the water pressure overcomes the spring preload, pushing the valve core away from the valve seat, and the pressure relief valve automatically opens. The high-pressure hot water or steam inside the hollow copper cylinder 9 enters the pressure relief valve through the air inlet and is discharged to the outside atmosphere from the air outlet. The pressure inside the hollow copper cylinder 9 drops rapidly. When the pressure drops below the opening threshold, the spring pushes the valve core back onto the valve seat, and the pressure relief valve automatically closes.

[0038] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction device, comprising a reaction tank (1), characterized in that, A support rod (2) is fixed to the bottom of the reaction vessel (1). A mesh cylinder (4) is movably installed inside the reaction vessel (1). A connecting cylinder (5) is fixed to the top of the mesh cylinder (4). A bottom block (3) that fits against the inner wall of the reaction vessel (1) is fixed to the bottom of the mesh cylinder (4). A drive assembly for the transmission connecting cylinder (5) is installed on the reaction vessel (1). A sleeve (8) is fitted onto the outer surface of the mesh cylinder (4). A hollow copper cylinder (9) containing hot water is fitted onto the outer surface of the sleeve (8). A bottom ring block (11) is movably connected to the bottom of the sleeve (8). One end of the bottom ring block (11) is connected to the hollow copper cylinder (9). The bottom ring block (11) is fixed, and the other end of the bottom ring block (11) is attached to the bottom block (3). The reaction tank (1) is equipped with a reciprocating assembly of the drive sleeve (8). The reaction tank (1) is equipped with a lifting assembly of the drive cavity copper cylinder (9) and the reciprocating assembly. The reaction tank (1) is fixed with an electrode rod (7) extending into the mesh cylinder (4). The electrode rod (7) is electrically connected to the external pulse power supply through a cable. The upper end of the reaction tank (1) is equipped with a first feed pipe (14) and a second feed pipe (26) that are connected to the external material guiding mechanism. The cavity copper cylinder (9) is equipped with a pressure stopper (10).

2. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a first drive motor (15) fixed to the top of the reaction vessel (1), a rotating rod (16) is connected to the first drive motor (15), the lower end of the rotating rod (16) passes through the reaction vessel (1) and is fixedly sleeved with a second gear ring (17), the outer surface of the second gear ring (17) is meshed with a first gear ring (6), and the bottom of the first gear ring (6) is fixedly connected to the connecting cylinder (5).

3. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reciprocating assembly includes a second drive motor (22), on which a cam (23) is connected for transmission. A square frame (24) is sleeved on the outer surface of the cam (23). A second connecting frame (25) is fixed at the bottom of the square frame (24). The lower end of the second connecting frame (25) passes through the reaction vessel (1) and is fixedly connected to the sleeve (8).

4. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes a first electric telescopic rod (18) fixed on the reaction tank (1). The upper end of the first electric telescopic rod (18) is connected to a moving block (19) fixedly connected to a second drive motor (22). The two ends of the moving block (19) are respectively fixed with a first connecting frame (21). The lower end of the first connecting frame (21) passes through the reaction tank (1) and is fixedly connected to the hollow copper cylinder (9). The bottom of the moving block (19) is fixed with a limit rod (20). The lower end of the limit rod (20) passes through the reaction tank (1) and extends into the interior of the reaction tank (1).

5. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow copper cylinder (9) has a first hose (12) and a second hose (13) fixedly connected to its left and right ends respectively. The other ends of the first hose (12) and the second hose (13) pass through the reaction tank (1) and are connected to the external circulating hot water mechanism.

6. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom block (3) is movably fitted with a first block (27), and a convex disk (28) is fixed at the bottom of the first block (27). A second block (29) is fitted on the outer surface of the convex disk (28), and the outer surface of the second block (29) is movably fitted with the inner wall of the reaction vessel (1).

7. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the second block (29) is fixed with a sealing block (30), and the top of the sealing block (30) is attached to the bottom of the reaction vessel (1).

8. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom of the closed block (30) is fixed with a movable frame (31), and the other end of the movable frame (31) is fixedly connected with a second electric telescopic rod (32), which is fixed to the bottom of the reaction vessel (1).

9. The negative pressure circulating emulsification reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief valve (10) is a one-way pressure relief valve installed on the outer wall of the hollow copper cylinder (9). The air inlet of the one-way pressure relief valve is connected to the inner cavity of the hollow copper cylinder (9), and the air outlet is connected to the outside atmosphere. It is used to automatically open and relieve pressure when the water pressure in the hollow copper cylinder (9) exceeds a preset threshold.

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