A large granular raw material crushing device for fertilizer production

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of large granular raw material crushing device for fertilizer production, and relates to the field of fertilizer production equipment, including conical hopper, support bracket, rotor mechanism, sieve plate and sieve plate cleaning mechanism and power drive mechanism.The conical hopper is the conical structure of upper thick and lower thin;Innovative rotor mechanism solves the problem that the broken plate cannot be replaced as a consumable part, reducing the cost of consumable parts;The sieve plate and sieve plate cleaning mechanism solve the industry pain point that sticky large block materials easily block the screen holes.The device solves the problem that large block materials (such as caked ammonium chloride) that are prone to bonding and blocking the screen holes are difficult to crush into fine powder less than 6mm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer production equipment, and more particularly to a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production. Background Technology

[0002] During fertilizer production, organic and inorganic raw materials (straw, livestock and poultry manure, mushroom residue) and inorganic raw materials (ammonium chloride, urea, compound fertilizer) are prone to forming sticky lumps due to storage temperature and humidity and compression. These lumpy materials must be crushed to a fine powder of less than 6mm to meet the standards for mixing and granulation processes. Crushing and screening equipment is the core equipment for fertilizer pretreatment. While existing fertilizer crushing devices such as CN202221406159.X possess basic crushing and screening functions, they have multiple shortcomings in actual continuous production. First, the feed lacks a flow-gathering structure, resulting in incomplete material crushing: Traditional equipment hoppers are mostly cylindrical structures, allowing materials to fall freely. Large clumps can easily fall directly from the gaps on both sides of the cavity, entering the screening stage without being impacted by the crushing rollers. This results in excessive coarse particles in the finished product, requiring secondary re-crushing and significantly reducing production line efficiency. Second, the single-stage impact crushing mode results in incomplete crushing of lumps: mainstream single-hammer and single-roller crushers rely on a single impact, which is insufficient for crushing high-hardness, highly viscous ammonium chloride and fermented manure blocks; large lumps (such as ammonium chloride lumps reaching 200-600mm) cannot be broken by a single impact, and accumulate in the crushing chamber for a long time, causing equipment to stall, motor to overload and trip, and uneven output particle size. A large amount of insufficiently crushed material (particle size usually 20-50mm) is difficult to consistently meet the ≤6mm process requirement; Third, the existing equipment's screening structure, designed to ensure the output particle size, is prone to clogging the screen holes when processing fertilizer raw materials that are easy to stick and absorb moisture. This results in a decrease in material throughput, an increase in equipment load, and the need for frequent shutdowns for cleaning, making it difficult to meet the requirements of continuous production. While eliminating the screening structure can avoid clogging, it will completely lose the ability to control particle size, leading to a large amount of oversized particles entering the subsequent granulation process, resulting in a large amount of return material, increasing energy consumption and equipment investment. Fourth, the crushing plates and other vulnerable parts of traditional crushing equipment are mostly fixed by welding. When replacing them, the entire rotor assembly needs to be disassembled or even replaced. This results in long maintenance time and high maintenance costs, which seriously affects the continuous operation efficiency of the production line. Based on the above-mentioned existing technology, the existing crushing devices have the following shortcomings: First, the single-stage crushing method is not ideal for crushing agglomerated raw materials, and larger materials are difficult to crush completely; second, the screening plates of some devices are prone to clogging after long-term use, affecting screening efficiency; in addition, the crushing plates are vulnerable parts that cannot be easily replaced, resulting in high maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production. This solves the problems of unsatisfactory crushing effect of single-stage crushing methods for agglomerated raw materials and difficulty in completely crushing larger materials, as well as the problem that the screening plates of some devices are prone to clogging after long-term use, affecting screening efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production, comprising a truncated cone hopper, a support bracket, a rotor mechanism, a screen plate and a screen plate cleaning mechanism, and a power drive mechanism, wherein the truncated cone hopper has a truncated cone-shaped structure that is thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom, and the top opening of the truncated cone hopper is used for feeding. The screen plate cleaning mechanism includes a screening frame fixedly installed at the bottom of the support bracket. A screen plate is fixedly connected to the inner side of the screening frame. The screen plates are arranged in an arc-shaped array, and there is a gap between every two adjacent screen plates. This gap is used for the discharge of crushed waste material.

[0005] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the sieve plate cleaning mechanism also includes connecting guide plates. There are four connecting guide plates in total, wherein every two longitudinally adjacent connecting guide plates form a group. The two groups of connecting guide plates are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the top surface of the combing mechanism. The outer side of the connecting guide plates is provided with notches.

[0006] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a power drive mechanism is fixedly connected to one side of the screening frame. The power drive mechanism includes a reciprocating motor, and a combing tooth plate is installed on the output shaft of the reciprocating motor. There are three combing tooth plates in total.

[0007] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the three carding plates are arranged in a linear array below the sieve plate, the inner walls of the three carding plates are all serrated, and the inner sides of the three carding plates are all fixedly connected with connecting support plates.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the inner side of the support bracket is fixedly connected with a support leg, and there are four support legs in total. The four support legs are respectively fixedly arranged at the four corners of the bottom end face of the support bracket.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a fixed base plate is fixedly connected to the inner side of each of the four support legs, and the fixed base plate has an installation hole inside. Two bearing base plates and connectors are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer side of the support bracket.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the connector is used to connect with the notch in the connecting guide plate and to limit the connecting guide plate and the screening frame, and a bearing seat is installed at the top of the bearing base plate.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a rotor mechanism is installed on the inner side of the bearing seat. The rotor mechanism includes a crushing roller. Crushing plates are fixedly connected in an annular array on the outer wall of the crushing roller. A drive motor is fixedly connected to the outer side of the truncated cone hopper. A first sprocket is installed on the output shaft of the drive motor. The first sprocket is connected to a second sprocket through a transmission chain. The second sprocket is connected to the crushing roller. Protective covers are installed on the outer sides of the first sprocket, the second sprocket, and the transmission chain.

[0012] This invention provides a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. This design relates to a large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production. By incorporating a frustoconical hopper, the raw material is concentrated and gathered before entering the crushing zone, preventing it from scattering and falling directly without being crushed. Simultaneously, the shearing force generated by the rotating crushing rollers and crushing plates actively throws the raw material towards the screen plate, subjecting it to multi-directional impact and compression between the crushing and screen plates. This invention does not directly discharge the material after a single crushing operation; instead, a dynamic crushing space is created between the crushing and screen plates. Materials that do not meet the particle size requirements are blocked by the screen plate and continue to be subjected to cyclical impact and compression from the crushing plates, achieving a "crushing-screening-re-crushing" cycle. Compared to single-stage crushing, this device can fully crush agglomerated raw materials, reducing large pieces of easily agglomerated materials such as ammonium chloride from 200-600mm to ≤6mm in a single operation. This solves the problems of unsatisfactory crushing effect and difficulty in completely crushing larger materials in single-stage crushing methods, reducing the number of subsequent return cycles and lowering production energy consumption.

[0013] 2. This design relates to a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production. By setting up screen plates arranged in an arc-shaped array with gaps between them, crushing and screening are completed simultaneously at the same station, simplifying the device structure. At the same time, a reciprocating motor drives a combing tooth plate to reciprocate below the screen plate. The serrated structure on the inner wall of the combing tooth plate continuously agitates and combs the material in the gaps, pushing away the material accumulated in the gaps and allowing it to continue falling. This avoids blockage caused by long-term accumulation of material in the gaps, achieving active anti-blockage and cleaning of the screening channel, keeping the screening gaps unobstructed, improving the stability and reliability of continuous equipment operation, and solving the problem of easy blockage of the screen plate after long-term use, which affects screening efficiency.

[0014] 3. This design provides a large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production. By using a detachable connection (e.g., bolt connection) between the crushing plate and the crushing roller, the crushing plate is installed on the rotor body as an independent wear unit. When the crushing plate wears out after long-term use, there is no need to disassemble or replace the entire rotor assembly. Only the worn crushing plate needs to be disassembled and replaced to restore the equipment operation. Compared with the traditional welded fixed structure, this device significantly reduces the maintenance cost and replacement difficulty of vulnerable parts, shortens equipment downtime, and improves the continuous operation capability of the production line. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front view of a large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production after disassembly. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the right side of a disassembled crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the combined structure of the screening frame and connecting guide plate of a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production; Figure 4 A top-side view of the overall structure of a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production; Figure 5 A crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Support bracket; 101. Support leg; 1011. Fixed base plate; 1012. Bearing base plate; 1013. Connector; 2. Conical hopper; 201. Bearing seat; 2011. Crushing roller; 2012. Crushing plate; 3. Drive motor; 301. First sprocket; 3011. Second sprocket; 3012. Transmission chain; 3013. Protective cover; 4. Screening frame; 401. Connecting guide plate; 4011. Screen plate; 4012. Reciprocating motor; 4013. Combing tooth plate; 4014. Connecting support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 5 This invention provides a technical solution for a crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production: Includes support bracket 1; It includes a truncated cone hopper 2, a support bracket 1, a rotor mechanism, a screen plate 4011 and a screen plate cleaning mechanism, and a power drive mechanism. The truncated cone hopper 2 has a truncated cone-shaped structure that is thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom. The top opening of the truncated cone hopper 2 is used for feeding. The screen plate cleaning mechanism includes a screening frame 4 fixedly installed at the bottom of the support bracket 1. Screen plates 4011 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the screening frame 4. The screen plates 4011 are arranged in an arc-shaped array. There is a gap between every two adjacent screen plates 4011. This gap is used for the discharge of crushed waste material. This realizes that the material falls in a concentrated manner under the guidance of the cone-shaped structure of the cone-shaped hopper 2. The screen plates 4011 arranged in an arc-shaped array are used to uniformly disperse and initially crush the raw materials. The gap between adjacent screen plates 4011 realizes the integrated function of crushing and screening, solving the problems of material accumulation and blockage and uneven crushing. The screen plate cleaning mechanism also includes connecting guide plates 401. There are four connecting guide plates 401 in total. Every two longitudinally adjacent connecting guide plates 401 form a group. Two groups of connecting guide plates 401 are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the top surface of the combing mechanism. The outer side of the connecting guide plates 401 is provided with notches.

[0019] like Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, a power drive mechanism is fixedly connected to one side of the screening frame 4. The power drive mechanism includes a reciprocating motor 4012. A carding tooth plate 4013 is installed on the output shaft of the reciprocating motor 4012. There are three carding tooth plates 4013. By utilizing the notch of the connecting guide plate 401 and the connecting piece 1013 on the support bracket 1, the screening frame 4 and the support bracket 1 are quickly positioned and stably connected, which improves the assembly convenience and working stability of the overall structure of the device. The three carding tooth plates 4013 are arranged in a linear array below the screen plate 4011. The inner walls of the three carding tooth plates 4013 are all serrated. A connecting support plate 4014 is fixedly connected to the inner side of each of the three carding tooth plates 4013.

[0020] like Figure 1 - Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the inner side of the support bracket 1 is fixedly connected with support legs 101. There are four support legs 101 in total. The four support legs 101 are respectively fixedly set at the four corners of the bottom end face of the support bracket 1. The reciprocating motor 4012 drives the combing tooth plate 4013 to reciprocate, realizing the continuous agitation and combing of the crushed material, effectively preventing the material from accumulating and blocking in the gap of the screen plate 4011, and ensuring the smoothness of the feeding process. The inner side of each of the four support legs 101 is fixedly connected with a fixed base plate 1011. The fixed base plate 1011 has a mounting hole inside. The outer side of the support bracket 1 is symmetrically fixedly connected with two bearing base plates 1012 and connectors 1013.

[0021] like Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown, the connector 1013 is used to connect with the notch in the connecting guide plate 401 and to limit the connection guide plate 401 and the screening frame 4. A bearing seat 201 is installed at the top of the supporting base plate 1012. The three combing tooth plates 4013 distributed in a linear array and their sawtooth structure realize the synchronous combing and pushing of materials in multiple gaps. The connecting support plate 4014 enhances the structural strength of the combing tooth plates 4013 and solves the problems of uneven material distribution and blockage in multiple gaps. A rotor is installed on the inner side of the bearing seat 201. The rotor mechanism includes a crushing roller 2011, on which crushing plates 2012 are fixedly connected in an annular array. A drive motor 3 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the cone-shaped hopper 2. A first sprocket 301 is mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 3. The first sprocket 301 is connected to a second sprocket 3011 via a transmission chain 3012. The second sprocket 3011 is connected to the crushing roller 2011. A protective cover 3013 is installed on the outer side of the first sprocket 301, the second sprocket 3011, and the transmission chain 3012.

[0022] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The operator feeds the fertilizer raw material to be crushed into the opening at the top of the truncated cone hopper 2. The truncated cone hopper 2 has a truncated cone-shaped structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Under the action of gravity, the raw material gathers downward along the inner wall of the truncated cone hopper 2 and falls into the interior of the support bracket 1. After the drive motor 3 is started, the output shaft of the drive motor 3 drives the first sprocket 301 to rotate. The first sprocket 301 drives the second sprocket 3011 to rotate synchronously through the transmission chain 3012. The second sprocket 3011 drives the crushing roller 2011 to rotate around its own axis under the support of the bearing seat 201. When the crushing roller 2011 rotates, it drives the crushing plates 2012 distributed in a ring on its outer wall to rotate synchronously. The rotating crushing plates 2012 crush the raw material falling from the truncated cone hopper 2. Shear force is applied, causing the raw material to be thrown towards the screening frame 4 under the action of shear force. Under the action of shear force, the raw material impacts the screen plates 4011 arranged in an arc-shaped array on the inner side of the screening frame 4. The screen plates 4011 generate a reverse impact force on the impacting raw material, causing the raw material to be crushed by compression and impact between the crushing plate 2012 and the screen plate 4011. The crushed material falls under the action of gravity. The material with a particle size smaller than the gap between adjacent screen plates 4011 falls down to the lower area of ​​the screening frame 4 through the gap. The material with a particle size larger than the gap is blocked in the upper area of ​​the screen plate 4011 and is impacted and compressed again under the continuous rotation of the crushing plate 2012 until it is crushed to a particle size that can pass through the gap. Meanwhile, after the reciprocating motor 4012 starts, the output shaft of the reciprocating motor 4012 drives the combing tooth plate 4013 to reciprocate along a straight line. The three linearly arrayed combing tooth plates 4013 continuously reciprocate below the screen plate 4011. The serrated structure on the inner wall of the combing tooth plate 4013 produces a pushing and combing effect on the material falling into the gap of the screen plate 4011, preventing the material from accumulating and clogging in the gap. The connecting support plate 4014 connects the three combing tooth plates 4013 into one piece to enhance the consistency of the movement of the combing tooth plate 4013. The qualified material after screening is discharged from the bottom of the screening frame 4, completing the entire raw material crushing process.

[0023] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this utility model are implemented according to conventional methods in the art, unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A crushing device for large-particle raw materials in fertilizer production, characterized in that, It includes a truncated cone hopper (2), a support bracket (1), a rotor mechanism, a screen plate (4011) and a screen plate cleaning mechanism, and a power drive mechanism. The truncated cone hopper (2) has a truncated cone-shaped structure that is thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom. The top opening of the truncated cone hopper (2) is used for feeding. The screen plate cleaning mechanism includes a screening frame (4) fixedly installed at the bottom of the support bracket (1). A screen plate (4011) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the screening frame (4). The screen plates (4011) are arranged in an arc-shaped array. There is a gap between every two adjacent screen plates (4011), which is used for the discharge of crushed waste.

2. The large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve cleaning mechanism also includes a connecting guide plate (401). There are four connecting guide plates (401) in total. Each pair of longitudinally adjacent connecting guide plates (401) forms a group. The two groups of connecting guide plates (401) are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the top surface of the combing mechanism. The outer side of the connecting guide plate (401) is provided with a notch.

3. The large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production according to claim 1, characterized in that, A power drive mechanism is fixedly connected to one side of the screening frame (4). The power drive mechanism includes a reciprocating motor (4012). A combing tooth plate (4013) is installed on the output shaft of the reciprocating motor (4012). There are three combing tooth plates (4013).

4. The large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production according to claim 3, characterized in that, The three carding plates (4013) are arranged in a linear array below the sieve plate (4011). The inner walls of the three carding plates (4013) are all serrated, and the inner sides of the three carding plates (4013) are all fixedly connected with connecting support plates (4014).

5. The large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the support bracket (1) is fixedly connected with a support leg (101). There are four support legs (101) in total, and the four support legs (101) are respectively fixedly installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the support bracket (1).

6. The large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner sides of the four support legs (101) are fixedly connected to a fixed base plate (1011). The fixed base plate (1011) has an installation hole inside. The outer side of the support bracket (1) is symmetrically fixedly connected to two bearing base plates (1012) and connectors (1013).

7. The large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connector (1013) is used to connect with the notch in the connecting guide plate (401) and to limit the connecting guide plate (401) and the screening frame (4). The top of the bearing base plate (1012) is equipped with a bearing seat (201).

8. The large-particle raw material crushing device for fertilizer production according to claim 7, characterized in that, A rotor mechanism is installed on the inner side of the bearing housing (201). The rotor mechanism includes a crushing roller (2011). A crushing plate (2012) is fixedly connected in an annular array on the outer wall of the crushing roller (2011). A drive motor (3) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the truncated cone hopper (2). A first sprocket (301) is installed on the output shaft of the drive motor (3). The first sprocket (301) is connected to the second sprocket (3011) through a transmission chain (3012). The second sprocket (3011) is connected to the crushing roller (2011). A protective cover (3013) is installed on the outer side of the first sprocket (301), the second sprocket (3011), and the transmission chain (3012).

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