Barite ray dressing and tailing resource comprehensive utilization process

Abstract

The application discloses a barite ray beneficiation and tailing resource comprehensive utilization process, which comprises the steps of ore crushing and screening, ray separation, middling reseparation, fine material reseparation, tailing treatment and resource comprehensive utilization. The barite raw ore is crushed and screened into selected blocky ore and fine material; the blocky ore is sent into a dual-energy X-ray intelligent separator to be separated into barite concentrate, low-grade intergrowth ore, carbonate gangue and siliceous gangue; the fine material is subjected to gravity separation or flotation to obtain reseparation concentrate and reseparation tailings; and the tailings are mixed with thickened and dewatered fine slurry, stone powder, water slag, steel slag, cement clinker and activator after being classified and dewatered, and are subjected to drying, batching, grinding, homogenization and blending to be made into building material admixture, filling material or mine backfill material. The application realizes efficient pre-concentration of barite through ray beneficiation, reduces subsequent grinding and flotation load, and improves concentrate grade and resource comprehensive utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent beneficiation of non-metallic minerals and resource utilization of tailings, specifically to a process for the comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources. Background Technology

[0002] Barite's main component is barium sulfate (BaSO4), which is an important raw material for oil drilling mud weighting agents, chemical fillers, coatings, rubber, pharmaceuticals, and radiation protection materials. With the gradual depletion of easily accessible high-grade barite resources, the development and utilization of low-grade, complexly associated, and silty barite ores are receiving increasing attention.

[0003] Current barite beneficiation processes mostly employ manual sorting, gravity separation, flotation, or a combined gravity-flotation process. Manual sorting is labor-intensive and unstable; gravity separation is highly dependent on particle size and dispersive characteristics; flotation consumes a large amount of reagents, has a long process, and high fine mud content can easily lead to a decrease in recovery rate. For ores with coarse particle size and differences in density and atomic number between barite and gangue minerals such as quartz, calcite, and dolomite, if all of them are fed into grinding and flotation, energy consumption and beneficiation costs will increase significantly.

[0004] X-ray intelligent sorting technology can identify and discard lump ore after crushing and before grinding. Barium in barite has a strong absorption capacity for X-rays, while common gangue minerals have a weak absorption capacity. Therefore, sorting can be performed using X-ray transmission images, grayscale differences, density differences, and multi-energy response characteristics. However, existing X-ray beneficiation processes mostly focus on a single pre-disposal stage, with insufficient consideration for the subsequent utilization of barite fines, gangue tailings, and clay materials, easily leading to resource waste. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a X-ray beneficiation and tailings resource comprehensive utilization process suitable for barite ore, which can achieve efficient pre-enrichment of lump ore and grade and utilize the fines, gangue, and fine clay generated during sorting, thereby improving resource utilization efficiency and reducing tailings stockpiles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a process for barite X-ray beneficiation and comprehensive utilization of tailings resources, in order to solve the problems of low pre-disposal efficiency, high grinding and flotation load, high tailings stockpile, and insufficient utilization of fine-grained resources in the existing barite beneficiation process.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A process for comprehensive utilization of barite by X-ray beneficiation and tailings resources includes the following steps: (1) Crushing and screening: The raw barite ore is crushed and screened to obtain blocky ore suitable for X-ray transmission detection and fine material unsuitable for X-ray identification piece by piece; (2) X-ray separation: The selected blocky ore is sent to a dual-energy X-ray intelligent separator for identification. Based on the identification results, the selected blocky ore is separated into barite concentrate, medium and low grade intergrowth ore (medium ore), carbonate gangue, and siliceous gangue. The barite concentrate and medium and low grade intergrowth ore are sent to the concentrate bin and the medium ore bin, respectively, and the carbonate gangue and siliceous gangue are sent to different tailings bins, respectively. (3) Middlings reprocessing: The low- and medium-grade intergrowth ore in the middlings bin is returned to step (1) for further processing; or the barite is further recovered by gravity separation and / or flotation. (4) Fine material re-selection: The fine material is re-selected by gravity separation and / or flotation to obtain re-selected concentrate and re-selected tailings; (5) Tailings treatment: The carbonate gangue, silica gangue and re-selection tailings in step (2) and step (4) are dewatered according to mineral composition and particle size range; Among them, the carbonate gangue and silica gangue are dewatered separately, and the same type of tailings are further dewatered according to particle size. The coarse tailings with a particle size of not less than 10 mm are dewatered by vibration, and the fine tailings with a particle size of less than 10 mm are dewatered by thickening, filtration or pressure filtration; the fine mud generated during the crushing screening and / or washing process and the fine mud generated during the fine material re-selection process are thickened and dewatered. (6) Comprehensive utilization of resources: The carbonate gangue, silica gangue and fine mud after graded dehydration are mixed with one or more of stone powder, water slag, steel slag, cement clinker and activator, and then dried, batched, ground, homogenized and blended in sequence to prepare building material admixtures, fillers or mine backfill materials.

[0007] Further, in step (1), the BaSO4 grade in the barite ore is 35%-80%, the particle size of the selected blocky ore is 10-90mm, and the moisture content of the blocky ore is controlled to be no more than 2.0%; the fine material is material with a particle size of less than 10mm. By separating the fine-grained material through screening, it is possible to avoid the fine-grained material from piling up, obstructing, or forming a continuous material layer on the conveyor belt, thereby improving the stability of X-ray image recognition and the accuracy of blow-drying separation. For ores with high moisture content, by setting natural drainage, hot air drying, or vibration dehydration steps, the free water on the surface of the ore is reduced to a range that does not affect X-ray detection.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (1), when the mass of mud adhering to the surface of the barite ore is greater than 3% of the mass of the ore, or when the mud content of the ore before washing is greater than 5%, the ore is first washed by drum washing or vibrating screen washing after crushing, and then screened. When there is a lot of mud adhering to the surface of the ore, the mud adhering to the surface of the ore is removed to avoid the distortion of the radiation absorption characteristics caused by mud film covering.

[0009] Further, in step (2), the dual-energy X-ray intelligent sorting machine includes a dual-energy X-ray source, a detector, a control unit, a sorting execution mechanism, and a belt conveyor. The control unit controls the dual-energy X-ray source, the sorting execution mechanism, and the belt conveyor respectively. The dual-energy X-ray source includes a low-energy X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-90kV and a high-energy X-ray tube with a voltage of 120-160kV. The dual-energy X-ray source is located above the belt conveyor and performs transmission scanning on the blocky ore being sorted on the belt conveyor. The detector is located below the belt conveyor and receives X-rays that penetrate the blocky ore, forming a transmission image and uploading it to the control unit. After performing grayscale correction, edge recognition, thickness compensation, and posture correction on the transmission image, the control unit calculates the equivalent density parameter and absorption characteristic ratio of the ore and compares the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio with a preset barite threshold. Based on the comparison result, the control unit outputs the recognition result and sorting decision, and controls the mode switching of the dual-energy X-ray source and the action of the sorting execution mechanism according to the sorting decision.

[0010] Dual-energy X-ray intelligent sorting machines utilize the differences in X-ray absorption intensity, equivalent density, and grayscale characteristics between barite and gangue minerals such as quartz, calcite, dolomite, and mudstone for identification and sorting. Barite (BaSO4) contains barium, has a high effective atomic number, and exhibits strong X-ray absorption; carbonate gangues (calcite CaCO3, dolomite CaMg(CO3)2) have medium effective atomic numbers; and siliceous gangues (quartz SiO2) have a low effective atomic number and relatively weakest X-ray absorption. The three minerals show significant differences in signal characteristics under dual-energy X-ray detection, allowing for identification and separation.

[0011] The low-energy X-rays emitted by the dual-energy X-ray source are mainly used to enhance the absorption differences between different minerals, while the high-energy X-rays are mainly used to reduce the impact of ore thickness variations on the identification results. The detector is typically a linear array detector, consisting of multiple detector units arranged in one or more rows, synchronously scanning the entire belt width. It has energy resolution capabilities, enabling it to distinguish between low-energy and high-energy X-rays. The control unit extracts the ore's projected area, longest axis, shortest axis, edge grayscale gradient, and center grayscale distribution through an image processing module. Based on the ore's morphology, it determines whether it is lateral, overlapping, or adhering. For a single, independent ore, the equivalent density parameter is directly calculated; for ores that are adhering or partially overlapping, the system decomposes them into multiple identification regions through contour segmentation and region correction, and then performs grade determination and injection decisions for each region separately.

[0012] The control unit outputs the identification result based on the comparison between the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio and their respective preset thresholds. When the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio are higher than the preset barite threshold, it is identified as barite; when the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio are in the intermediate threshold range between the preset barite threshold and the gangue threshold, it is identified as medium-to-low grade intergrowth ore; when the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio match the preset threshold corresponding to carbonate gangue, it is identified as carbonate gangue; when the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio match the preset threshold corresponding to siliceous gangue, it is identified as siliceous gangue.

[0013] Furthermore, the mode switching of the dual-energy X-ray source includes: when the ore thickness, particle size, or grayscale response is within a stable recognition range, the control unit controls the dual-energy X-ray source to scan in low-energy X-ray mode; When the maximum projected thickness of the ore is greater than 60mm, or the gray value of the low-energy X-ray transmission of the ore is lower than the preset gray value lower limit, or the identification parameter is in the threshold critical range, the control unit controls the dual-energy X-ray source to switch to high-energy X-ray mode or dual-energy joint judgment mode to perform secondary identification of the ore; among them, when the identification parameter is within 5% of the preset barite threshold, it is determined that it is in the threshold critical range.

[0014] By combining low-energy rapid identification with high-energy compensation identification, the impact of ore particle size fluctuations, posture changes and thickness differences on the sorting results can be reduced, and misjudgment of boundary ores can be reduced.

[0015] Furthermore, the sorting actuator is an air jetting actuator with a jetting pressure of 0.3-0.8 MPa and a jetting time of 5-50 ms. The nozzles operate with a delay based on the ore coordinates and the belt conveyor speed. For ores identified as barite concentrate, the air jetting nozzles eject high-pressure airflow within a predetermined time, causing them to change their trajectory and enter the concentrate bin. For ores identified as carbonate gangue or siliceous gangue, no jetting is performed, or a corresponding jetting operation is performed, causing them to enter the corresponding tailings bins.

[0016] Preferably, the sorting actuator adopts a multi-stage injection control method: the first-stage injection is used for rapid sorting of barite ore with a barite identification confidence level higher than 90%; the second-stage injection is used for compensating sorting of boundary-grade ore with a barite identification confidence level of 70% to 90%, medium- and low-grade intergrowth ore, or ore that has been deviated from the first-stage injection; a time delay compensation parameter is set between the first-stage and second-stage injections, and the control unit automatically corrects the injection timing according to the ore conveying speed and ore identification position. This multi-stage injection method can improve the barite concentrate recovery rate and reduce ore trajectory deviation caused by injection being too early or too late.

[0017] During the X-ray sorting process, an automatic calibration step for standard barite samples is set up, and calibration is performed once every 4-8 hours of continuous operation to correct the X-ray source intensity, detector response, and identification threshold.

[0018] Furthermore, the control unit dynamically adjusts the identification threshold and the action parameters of the sorting actuator based on feedback detection data. The feedback detection data refers to the BaSO4 grade, density, whiteness, mud content, and impurity content obtained after periodic sampling and testing of the X-ray separated concentrate, tailings, and fine material reprocessing products. The specific method by which the control unit dynamically adjusts the identification threshold and the action parameters of the sorting actuator based on the feedback detection data is as follows: when the concentrate grade is lower than the set value, the control unit increases the barite identification threshold or enhances the secondary blowing; when the barite loss rate in the tailings increases, the control unit decreases the identification threshold or increases the middlings return ratio.

[0019] Preferably, the dynamic adjustment includes: when the BaSO4 grade of the concentrate obtained from three consecutive sampling tests is more than 2 percentage points lower than the set concentrate grade, the control unit increases the barite identification threshold by 1% to 3% each time and increases the secondary pulverization activation ratio by 5% to 10%; when the BaSO4 loss rate of the tailings obtained from three consecutive sampling tests is more than 2 percentage points higher than the set value, the control unit decreases the barite identification threshold by 1% to 3% each time and increases the middlings return ratio by 5% to 15%; the above adjustments are performed every 30 to 60 minutes until the concentrate grade and tailings loss rate return to the set range. Through online feedback control, the entire process maintains stable operation under different ore property changes. Fine particles, due to their small particle size, cannot be identified individually on the X-ray separator, but are not directly discarded as ordinary tailings. For coarse-grained fine materials with a significant density difference between barite and gangue, jigging, spiral sluices, shaking tables, or centrifugal gravity separation are used for recovery. For fine materials with a high degree of mudification or where barite is tightly associated with fluorite, calcite, or quartz, flotation is used for further barite recovery. The flotation process includes grinding, pulp conditioning, collecting, cleaning, and scavenging. The barite concentrate obtained from flotation is thickened, filtered, and dried before being incorporated into the concentrate system.

[0020] Further, in step (6), the mass percentages of each material are as follows: fine mud 5%–20%, carbonate tailings 20%–50%, siliceous tailings 10%–40%, water slag 10%–30%, steel slag 10%–30%, cement clinker 1%–10%, and activator 1%–10%. By adjusting the proportions of calcareous components, siliceous components, and active components, the mixture is made to have suitable grinding performance, activity index, and subsequent gelation reaction capacity.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (6), the particle size of the grinding is controlled to be 22-180 μm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention utilizes a dual-energy X-ray intelligent separator to remove a large amount of low-grade gangue before the ore enters grinding and flotation, significantly reducing the load on subsequent grinding and flotation processes, and lowering energy and reagent consumption in mineral processing. The dual-energy X-ray source, in conjunction with a detector, can achieve the separation of four types of ore: barite concentrate, middlings, carbonate gangue, and siliceous gangue.

[0023] 2. This invention, by incorporating a middlings re-selection step, returns low- to medium-grade intergrowth ore to its original state for further re-liberation or into a gravity separation or flotation system for further recovery, forming a closed-loop cycle. This improves the overall barite recovery rate and avoids the loss of valuable minerals. Fine particles generated from X-ray separation are separately subjected to gravity separation or flotation re-selection, effectively recovering fine-grained barite, reducing the loss of valuable components, and improving the overall barite recovery rate throughout the process.

[0024] 3. This invention performs separate treatment and graded utilization of carbonate gangue, siliceous gangue and fine mud generated during sorting. By compounding with water slag, steel slag, cement clinker and other materials, it prepares building material admixtures, fillers or mine backfill materials, realizing the full-component resource utilization of tailings and reducing tailings stockpile and environmental risks.

[0025] 4. This invention employs dual-energy X-ray identification, dynamic energy switching, thickness compensation, multi-stage injection, and online feedback control technologies to improve sorting stability and identification accuracy, and can adapt to barite ores of different grades and mud contents. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the X-ray mineral processing equipment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the barite X-ray beneficiation process of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the comprehensive utilization of tailings and fine materials resources according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, when the dual-energy X-ray intelligent sorting machine of the present invention is working, the ore passes through the detection area via a belt conveyor, and the X-rays emitted by the dual-energy X-ray source penetrate the ore and are received by the detector. After the control unit performs grayscale correction, edge recognition, thickness compensation, and posture correction on the acquired transmission image, it obtains the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption feature ratio, and compares the above parameters with preset thresholds to output the recognition result and sorting decision.

[0031] In this invention, the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio are all obtained using existing calculation methods in the field of dual-energy X-ray transmission image processing. Specifically, the equivalent density parameter is calculated based on the transmission grayscale ratio of dual-energy X-rays at different energy levels, according to a pre-established transmission response relationship. The thickness compensation parameter is calculated from the ore's projected area and edge grayscale gradient, and is used to correct the influence of ore thickness variations on transmission grayscale. The absorption characteristic ratio is the ratio of low-energy transmission grayscale to high-energy transmission grayscale. These parameters collectively serve as the basis for the control unit to determine the difference between barite minerals and gangue minerals, and control the airflow jetting actuator's operation according to a preset sorting threshold.

[0032] In the process of comprehensive utilization of tailings resources, the activator is one or more of lime, gypsum, sodium sulfate, sodium silicate, or sodium hydroxide.

[0033] Example 1 The raw barite ore has a BaSO4 grade of 58%, and the main gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, dolomite, and a small amount of argillaceous material. After being crushed by a jaw crusher and a cone crusher, the ore is screened by a vibrating screen. The oversize material is returned for further crushing, while the undersize material is controlled to be 10-90 mm in size. Fine particles smaller than 10 mm are separated separately. To ensure the stability of X-ray identification, the ore moisture content is controlled to be no more than 1.5%. If the ore surface has a high mud content during the rainy season, a washing screen is used for desliming treatment first.

[0034] Qualified ore of the specified particle size enters the dual-energy X-ray intelligent separator via a belt conveyor. The dual-energy X-ray intelligent separator includes a dual-energy X-ray source, a detector, a control unit, a separation actuator, and a belt conveyor. The dual-energy X-ray source is equipped with a low-energy X-ray tube (80kV) and a high-energy X-ray tube (140kV), located above the belt conveyor. The detector is located below the belt conveyor. As the ore passes through the detection area, the dual-energy X-ray source performs a transmission scan on the ore on the belt conveyor. The detector receives the X-rays that have penetrated the ore, forming a transmission image and uploading it to the control unit. The equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio are compared with preset thresholds to output the identification result and separation decision.

[0035] When the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio are higher than the preset barite threshold, it is determined to be barite concentrate. The control unit controls the airflow injection actuator to blow the ore into the concentrate channel. When the three parameters are in the middle threshold range, it is determined to be medium- to low-grade intergrowth ore. The control unit controls the airflow injection actuator to send it into the middlings bin. When the three parameters match the preset threshold corresponding to carbonate gangue or silica gangue, it is determined to be carbonate gangue or silica gangue respectively, and sent into the corresponding tailings bin.

[0036] After X-ray separation, barite concentrate enters the finished product bin; medium and low grade intergrowth ore enters the intermediate bin, returns to the crushing and screening system for re-dissociation, and then re-enters X-ray separation; carbonate gangue and siliceous gangue are sent to different tailings bins respectively.

[0037] Fine particles smaller than 10 mm are fed into gravity separation or flotation processes. The fine particles are pre-enriched using jigs. Gravity concentrate is returned to the finished ore system, and gravity tailings are sent to the tailings treatment system. For some finely disseminated or heavily muddy barite particles, flotation can be used for further separation. The flotation process includes grinding, pulp conditioning, collecting, cleaning, and scavenging. The barite concentrate obtained from flotation is thickened, filtered, and dried before being incorporated into the concentrate system.

[0038] In the tailings treatment process, the carbonate gangue, siliceous gangue, and re-selected tailings from X-ray separation are classified and dewatered according to particle size and chemical composition. Fine sludge is dewatered using a thickener, and polyacrylamide is added to promote solid-liquid separation.

[0039] The graded and dehydrated carbonate gangue, siliceous gangue, and thickened and dehydrated fine mud are mixed with stone powder, water slag, steel slag, cement clinker, and an activator. The mass ratio of each material is: fine mud 10%, carbonate tailings 35%, siliceous tailings 25%, water slag 18%, steel slag 7%, cement clinker 4%, and sodium sulfate 1%. After mixing, the mixture enters a drying process, with the drying temperature controlled below 900℃. The dried mixture then enters a grinding mill, where the particle size is controlled to be 22-180μm. The ground fine powder enters a homogenization workshop, where it is homogenized by air mixing before being transported to a storage silo for use as a building material admixture, mine backfill material, or filler.

[0040] After processing in this embodiment, the BaSO4 grade of the X-ray separation concentrate increased from 58% in the original ore to 82%–88%, the waste rate in the lump ore stage was 30%–45%, and the barite recovery rate in the X-ray separation stage was 90%–96%. After gravity separation or flotation re-selection of the fine material, the recovery rate of fine-grained barite was 60%–75%, and the overall barite recovery rate of the entire process was 88%–94%. This embodiment enriches high-density barite lumps in advance through X-ray separation, reducing the amount of subsequent grinding; recovers fine-grained barite through re-selection of fine material; and reduces tailings discharge through tailings resource utilization, thus achieving cascade recovery and comprehensive utilization of barite resources.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment is applicable to high-grade massive barite ore with a BaSO4 content of not less than 75%. After crushing, the particle size of the raw ore is controlled to be 10–80 mm. Before entering the beneficiation process, the ore undergoes dry screening to remove fine materials smaller than 10 mm. During X-ray separation, the barite identification threshold is increased by 3%–8% based on the benchmark threshold, allowing high-grade barite to preferentially enter the concentrate channel, medium-grade ore to enter the middlings bin, and carbonate gangue and siliceous gangue to enter their respective tailings bins. The middlings are returned for further crushing and dissociation before secondary X-ray separation. In this embodiment, the concentrate channel is equipped with an online grade detection device, which is either an online X-ray fluorescence analyzer or an online barite density detector. When the online detection result is lower than the set value, the control system adjusts the barite identification threshold by 1%–3% each time and corrects the blowing delay time according to the belt conveyor speed to maintain a stable ore quality entering the concentrate bin. After processing in this embodiment, the BaSO4 grade of the concentrate can be stabilized at 88%–95%, the concentrate yield is 55%–70%, and the barite recovery rate is 90%–96%. This method is suitable for the pre-selection of drilling-grade barite raw materials, which can reduce the amount of manual sorting and reduce the load on subsequent grinding and flotation.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment is applicable to low-grade argillaceous barite ore with surface-attached clay matter accounting for more than 5% of the raw ore mass. The raw ore has a BaSO4 grade of 45%–55%, and the main gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, dolomite, and argillaceous minerals. Before crushing, the raw ore is pre-screened to remove some of the natural fine clay; after crushing, a drum washing machine or vibrating washing screen is used for desliming treatment. The desliming water enters a thickening tank for treatment, and the washed lump ore is screened and then enters a radiation separation system.

[0043] For low-grade muddy ores, the main purpose of X-ray separation is to pre-dispose of waste and reduce subsequent grinding processing. The control system sets the identification threshold to a low-loss recovery mode, which is 2%–5% lower than the baseline threshold, prioritizing barite recovery. Ores identified as potentially containing barite enter the middlings bin, where they are further crushed or screened and returned to the X-ray separator to improve separation accuracy. Ores identified as carbonate gangue or siliceous gangue enter their respective tailings bins. Fine materials and washing sludge are not directly discarded. Fine materials smaller than 10 mm are recycled through gravity separation or flotation. The sludge produced from washing is thickened, dewatered, and then blended with carbonate tailings, siliceous tailings, slag, steel slag, cement clinker, and sodium silicate. After drying, grinding, and homogenization, it is prepared as building material admixtures or mine backfill materials.

[0044] After processing in this embodiment, the BaSO4 grade of the concentrate increased from 45%–55% of the original ore to 75%–88%, the tailings disposal rate was 30%–50%, and the comprehensive barite recovery rate was 85%–95%. This embodiment illustrates that the present invention is not only applicable to the upgrading of high-grade barite concentrate, but also to the pre-disposal of low-grade muddy barite and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.

Claims

1. A process for comprehensive utilization of barite ray beneficiation and tailings resources, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Crushing and screening: The raw barite ore is crushed and screened to obtain blocky ore suitable for X-ray transmission detection and fine material unsuitable for X-ray identification piece by piece; (2) X-ray sorting: The selected blocky ore is sent to a dual-energy X-ray intelligent sorter for identification. Based on the identification results, the selected blocky ore is sorted into barite concentrate, medium and low grade intergrowth ore, carbonate gangue and siliceous gangue. The barite concentrate and medium and low grade intergrowth ore are sent to the concentrate bin and the middlings bin, respectively, and the carbonate gangue and siliceous gangue are sent to different tailings bins, respectively. (3) Middlings reprocessing: The low- and medium-grade intergrowth ore in the middlings bin is returned to step (1) for further processing; or the barite is further recovered by gravity separation and / or flotation. (4) Fine material re-selection: The fine material is re-selected by gravity separation and / or flotation to obtain re-selected concentrate and re-selected tailings; (5) Tailings treatment: The carbonate gangue, silica gangue and re-selection tailings in step (2) and step (4) are dewatered according to mineral composition and particle size range; Among them, the carbonate gangue and silica gangue are dewatered separately, and the same type of tailings are further dewatered according to particle size. The coarse tailings with a particle size of not less than 10 mm are dewatered by vibration, and the fine tailings with a particle size of less than 10 mm are dewatered by thickening, filtration or pressure filtration; the fine mud generated during the crushing screening and / or washing process and the fine mud generated during the fine material re-selection process are thickened and dewatered. (6) Comprehensive utilization of resources: The carbonate gangue, silica gangue and fine mud after graded dehydration are mixed with one or more of stone powder, water slag, steel slag, cement clinker and activator, and then dried, batched, ground, homogenized and blended in sequence to prepare building material admixtures, fillers or mine backfill materials.

2. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the BaSO4 grade in the barite ore is 35%-80%, the particle size of the selected blocky ore is 10-90mm, and the moisture content of the blocky ore is controlled to be no more than 2.0%; the fine material is material with a particle size of less than 10mm.

3. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), when the mass of mud adhering to the surface of the barite ore is greater than 3% of the mass of the ore, or the mud content of the ore before washing is greater than 5%, the ore is first washed by drum washing or vibrating screen washing after crushing, and then screened.

4. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the dual-energy X-ray intelligent sorting machine includes a dual-energy X-ray source, a detector, a control unit, a sorting execution mechanism, and a belt conveyor. The control unit controls the dual-energy X-ray source, the sorting execution mechanism, and the belt conveyor. The dual-energy X-ray source includes a low-energy X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-90kV and a high-energy X-ray tube with a voltage of 120-160kV. The dual-energy X-ray source is located above the belt conveyor and performs transmission scanning on the blocky ore being sorted on the belt conveyor. The detector is located below the belt conveyor and receives X-rays that penetrate the blocky ore, forming a transmission image and uploading it to the control unit. After performing grayscale correction, edge recognition, thickness compensation, and attitude correction on the transmission image, the control unit detects the transmission absorption characteristics of the ore using dual-energy X-rays and calculates the equivalent density parameter. The ratio of the equivalent density parameter, the thickness compensation parameter, and the absorption characteristic is compared with a preset barite threshold. Based on the comparison results, the control unit outputs the identification results and sorting decisions, and controls the mode switching of the dual-energy X-ray source and the operation of the sorting execution mechanism according to the sorting decisions.

5. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio are higher than the preset barite threshold, it is determined to be barite; When the ratio of equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter and absorption characteristic value is in the middle threshold range between the preset barite threshold and gangue threshold, it is judged as a medium-low grade intergrowth ore. When the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio match the preset threshold corresponding to carbonate gangue, it is determined to be carbonate gangue. When the equivalent density parameter, thickness compensation parameter, and absorption characteristic ratio match the preset threshold corresponding to siliceous gangue, it is determined to be siliceous gangue.

6. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mode switching of the dual-energy X-ray source includes: The dual-energy X-ray source module includes a low-energy X-ray source and a high-energy X-ray source, which respectively collect transmission information of different energy ranges of the ore. When the ore thickness, particle size or grayscale response is in a stable recognition range, the control unit controls the dual-energy X-ray source to scan in low-energy X-ray mode. When the maximum projected thickness of the ore is greater than 60mm, or the gray value of the low-energy X-ray transmission of the ore is lower than the preset gray value lower limit, or the identification parameter is in the threshold critical range, the control unit controls the dual-energy X-ray source to switch to high-energy X-ray mode or dual-energy joint judgment mode to perform secondary identification of the ore; among them, when the identification parameter is within 5% of the preset barite threshold, it is determined that it is in the threshold critical range.

7. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sorting actuator is an air jet actuator with a jet pressure of 0.3-0.8MPa and a jet time of 5-50ms. The nozzle operates with a delay based on the ore coordinates and the belt conveyor speed.

8. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sorting actuator adopts a multi-stage jet control method: Primary jet injection is used for rapid sorting of barite ores with a barite identification confidence level higher than 90%. Secondary injection is used to compensate for the separation of boundary grade ore, medium and low grade intergrowth ore or primary injection offset ore with a barite identification confidence of 70% to 90%. A time delay compensation parameter is set between the first-stage and second-stage pulverization, and the control unit automatically corrects the pulverization timing based on the ore conveying speed and ore identification position.

9. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control unit also dynamically adjusts the identification threshold and the action parameters of the sorting actuator based on the feedback detection data; the feedback detection data is the data on BaSO4 grade, density, whiteness, mud content and impurity content obtained after periodic sampling and testing of X-ray sorting concentrate, tailings and fine material re-sorting products. The control unit dynamically adjusts the identification threshold and the action parameters of the sorting actuator based on the feedback detection data in the following ways: when the concentrate grade is lower than the set value, the control unit increases the barite identification threshold or enhances the secondary blasting; when the barite loss rate in the tailings increases, the control unit decreases the identification threshold or increases the middlings return ratio.

10. The process for comprehensive utilization of barite radiation beneficiation and tailings resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the mass percentage of each material is as follows: fine mud 5%–20%, carbonate tailings 20%–50%, siliceous tailings 10%–40%, water slag 10%–30%, steel slag 10%–30%, cement clinker 1%–10%, and activator 1%–10%; the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%, and the particle size of the grinding is controlled to be 22–180 μm.

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