Airflow-vibration collaborative sorting method and device based on material thickness measurement

Abstract

The application provides a gas flow-vibration coordinated sorting method and device based on material thickness measurement, and belongs to the technical field of granular material sorting. The method divides the fluidized bed layer into multiple large areas and several small areas, collects the boundary thickness to convert into small area thickness, combines the material density and moisture to convert small area weight, and obtains the weight of each large area and the equivalent weight of the whole bed to represent the local and overall load. When regulating, the equivalent weight of the whole bed is input into the vibration regulation model to solve the target eccentricity, so that the vibration intensity changes adaptively with the processing load; the weight of each large area is input into the partition air volume regulation model to independently solve the target opening degree of each air supply unit, so that the partition air supply is matched with the local load. Through the coordinated regulation of vibration and partition air supply, the material maintains an appropriate loose, layered and conveying state, and the parameters are continuously updated based on the real-time feedback of thickness. The application improves the fluidization stability and sorting accuracy under variable working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of particulate material sorting technology, and in particular to an airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method and apparatus based on material thickness measurement. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of air separation of particulate materials, the proper matching of the airflow field and the vibration field is the key to ensuring separation accuracy. Traditional separation equipment usually uses fixed vibration parameters and uniform air volume supply, which is difficult to adapt to fluctuations in incoming material: material splashing is prone to occur in thin material areas, while fluidization is insufficient in thick material areas, resulting in poor stratification and difficulty in guaranteeing separation accuracy.

[0003] To address these issues, existing technologies have attempted to monitor bed thickness using laser sensors and adjust airflow accordingly, initially achieving a differentiated air supply strategy of "stronger airflow for thicker materials and weaker airflow for thinner materials." However, most existing solutions use only two or a few measuring points at the inlet and outlet. A few solutions, while setting multiple measuring points and combining them into a single total bed load with fixed weights, can only roughly characterize the thickness variation trend along the path and cannot accurately reflect the non-uniform thickness distribution of the bed along the material's travel direction. More importantly, existing technologies typically use thickness measurements or thickness-weighted values ​​directly as the basis for air supply, without converting thickness into material weight, ignoring the impact of material density and moisture content on the actual load, leading to distorted local load estimation. Furthermore, the lack of regional weight information corresponding to the lower binding ports makes it difficult to accurately correlate multiple lower binding ports with their corresponding upper local loads, limiting the precision of zoned air supply.

[0004] Regarding vibration parameter adjustment, some equipment uses frequency converters to adjust the speed of the exciter motor to change the vibration frequency. However, the effect of vibration frequency changes on material looseness is limited, and an adaptive linkage between vibration intensity and the total processing load of the bed has not yet been established. The amplitude of the exciter mainly depends on the eccentricity and the participating mass. Existing equipment usually uses a fixed eccentricity or only manually adjusts the position of the eccentric block when the machine is stopped, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the amplitude according to changes in material load during operation. In addition, vibration parameters and air volume parameters are adjusted independently, lacking a unified coordinated control strategy. When the processing volume fluctuates or the bed thickness distribution changes, the two are difficult to match synchronously, resulting in unstable material looseness and stratification, and the sorting effect fluctuates significantly with operating conditions.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies still have the following shortcomings: insufficient spatial representativeness of thickness measurement points; thickness directly representing load without being converted into weight, leading to distorted load estimation; inaccurate control of multiple lower restraint ports due to uniform load across the entire bed; vibration parameters unable to adapt to changes in processing load; and lack of coordinated control between vibration and airflow. How to establish a correspondence between the weight of small and large areas and the opening degree of zoned restraint ports while retaining the theoretical framework of whole-bed vibration control, and how to make vibration intensity and zoned airflow change in synergy with overall and local material loads, remain urgent technical problems to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method and apparatus based on material thickness measurement, so as to solve the technical problems of insufficient spatial representativeness of thickness measurement points in existing sorting equipment, difficulty in accurately controlling multiple lower restraint ports under uniform load across the entire bed, and difficulty in coordinating vibration parameters and airflow parameters with local material load.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method based on material thickness measurement, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Divide the fluidized bed into multiple large regions along the material travel direction, and divide each large region into multiple small regions. Collect the bed thickness at each boundary position and calculate the bed thickness of each small region. At the same time, obtain the physical property parameters of the current material. Step S2: Calculate the material weight of each small area based on the data collected in step S1, and summarize the material weight of each major area and the equivalent material weight of the entire bed. Step S3: Using the equivalent material weight of the entire bed as input, calculate the target eccentricity of the vibrator according to the vibration control model; using the material weight of each major area as input, calculate the target opening degree of each zone's air supply unit according to the zone air volume control model. Step S4: Convert the target eccentricity and the target opening degree of each zone air supply unit into control commands to synchronously drive the eccentricity adjustment mechanism of the vibrator and the operation of each zone air supply unit. Step S5: Return to step S1 and repeat the above steps.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, multiple boundary positions are set along the material travel direction, adjacent boundary positions enclose a small area, and multiple consecutive small areas form a large area; sidewall partition sensors are set on the fluidized bed side plate at each boundary position, and each sidewall partition sensor is used to detect the bed thickness at the corresponding boundary position; the bed thickness of any small area is obtained by taking the arithmetic mean of the bed thickness measurements at the two adjacent boundary positions before and after defining the small area.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the conversion of material weight is as follows: ; ; ; in, For large area numbering, , For the total number of large regions, Numbering the smaller areas within a larger area. , This represents the total number of small areas. for Time of the first The first in the large region Material weight in a small area For the first Material weight for each major region This is the equivalent weight of the entire bed of materials. The dry basis density of the material. The dry basis moisture content of the material. It is the acceleration due to gravity. The effective width of the fluidized bed layer. This represents the length of the corresponding small area along the material travel direction. For the first The first in the large region Bed thickness in a small area; The weights of each small area are added together to obtain the weight of the major area, and the weights of the major areas are added together to obtain the equivalent material weight of the entire bed.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, the vibration control model includes: The normalized vibration load and vibration nonlinearity correction factor are: ; ; The adaptive law for the target amplitude is: ; The eccentricity control law is: ; in, To limit the normalized vibration load to the range of 0 to 1, This is the vibration nonlinearity correction factor. The nonlinear calibration coefficient for vibration is -1 < <1, For the target amplitude, and These are the minimum and maximum allowable amplitudes of the device, respectively. To determine the material weight corresponding to the maximum load, For the target eccentricity, For the inherent vibratory mass of the equipment, The adjustable mass of the eccentric block of the vibrator; when When the value is 0, the adaptive law of the target amplitude degenerates into a linear relationship.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the first... Each large region adopts a zoned airflow control model corresponding to that large region: ; No. The normalized air volume load and air volume nonlinearity correction coefficient for each major region are: ； ; in, For the first The target opening degree of the adjustable restraint port in each zone To limit the first to the range of 0 to 1 Normalized air volume load for each large region For the first Nonlinear correction coefficient for air volume in major regions The nonlinear calibration coefficient for air volume is -1 < <1, For minimum opening degree, The optimal opening and closing degree under rated full load. For the first The rated full-load material weight of each major area; when When = 0, the air volume control model for each zone degenerates into a linear relationship.

[0012] Preferably, the material weight conversion model for small areas is substituted into the vibration control model and the zoned airflow control model to obtain the thickness of each small area, which is calculated by converting the bed thickness collected by the sidewall zone sensors at each boundary position as the original input and then by converting the thickness of adjacent boundaries. A unified control model for controlling inputs: The weight of each major region is obtained from the weight of each minor region. Equivalent material weight of the whole bed : ; ; Based on the equivalent material weight of the entire bed As the load input for the vibration control model, the eccentricity control law is: ; By weight of major regions As the load input for the corresponding zone airflow control model, the normalized airflow load is: ; ; ; The target opening degree of each zone's air supply unit is determined by the weight of the corresponding large area.

[0013] The present invention also provides an airflow-vibration coordinated sorting device based on material thickness measurement, for implementing the method described above, including: Fluidized bed layer; The thickness sensing unit includes multiple sidewall partition sensors disposed at multiple boundary positions on the side plate of the fluidized bed; the multiple sidewall partition sensors are used to detect the bed thickness at the corresponding boundary positions in real time, and determine the bed thickness of the small area between two adjacent boundary positions by the thickness measurement values. The air supply unit is located below the fluidized bed. The air outlet of the air supply unit is equipped with multiple adjustable confinement ports for different zones. The multiple adjustable confinement ports correspond to multiple large areas. The air supply unit is used to provide airflow to the zones of the fluidized bed. The air volume control actuator is connected to multiple adjustable restraint ports for each zone, and is used to adjust the opening and closing degree of each zone's adjustable restraint port. An eccentrically adjustable excitation unit is connected to the fluidized bed and is used to provide vibration for the fluidized bed. The eccentricity of the eccentrically adjustable excitation unit can be dynamically adjusted. The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the thickness sensing unit, the airflow control execution unit, and the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit, respectively. It is used to receive the bed thickness signal at the boundary position output by the side wall zone sensors, convert it into the bed thickness of each small area, calculate the material weight of each small area and sum them to obtain the weight of each major area and the equivalent material weight of the whole bed, calculate the target eccentricity based on the equivalent material weight of the whole bed, calculate the target opening degree of each zone based on the weight of each major area, and output control commands synchronously.

[0014] Preferably, there are four large regions, twelve small regions, and thirteen boundary positions; the four large regions are arranged sequentially along the material travel direction, and each large region includes three small regions; the thirteen sidewall partition sensors are respectively set on the thirteen boundary positions on the fluidized bed side plate and detect the bed thickness at the corresponding boundary positions; the bed thickness of any small region is determined by taking the arithmetic mean of the thickness measurements of the two adjacent sidewall partition sensors that define that small region.

[0015] Preferably, the air volume control execution unit includes multiple partition restraint plate assemblies arranged along the material travel direction. Each partition restraint plate assembly corresponds to a large area and includes a power source, a vertical movement assembly, a restraint plate, and a transmission link. The output end of the power source is connected to the vertical movement assembly. The power source drives the restraint plate to move in the vertical direction through the vertical movement assembly and the transmission link to change the opening degree of the adjustable restraint port of the corresponding partition. Multiple partition restraint plate assemblies are connected to multiple opening and closing control channels of the intelligent control unit, and operate independently according to the material weight of each area.

[0016] Preferably, the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit includes an exciter housing, a drive assembly, a transmission assembly, an eccentric block, and a rotating shaft. The drive assembly and the transmission assembly are installed inside the exciter housing. The drive assembly is connected to the eccentric block through the transmission assembly. The transmission assembly is arranged radially along the rotating shaft. The drive assembly drives the transmission assembly to move the eccentric block radially relative to the rotating shaft along the radial guide assembly, so as to change the eccentricity of the eccentric block relative to the rotating shaft. The drive component is a servo motor, and the transmission component is a ball screw. The output end of the servo motor is connected to the ball screw. The eccentric block is sleeved on the ball screw and threaded with the ball screw. The servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate, causing the eccentric block to move linearly along the radial direction of the rotation axis.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method and apparatus based on material thickness measurement, and the beneficial technical effects are as follows: (1) The present invention divides the bed into multiple large regions according to the corresponding positions of the partition binding plate assembly, and further divides each large region into several small regions; each boundary position is provided with a side wall partition sensor, which is used to characterize the boundary position of each small region and to obtain the bed thickness at each boundary position in real time. The measurement values ​​of adjacent boundaries are converted to obtain the thickness of the corresponding small region. There is no need to set up an additional distance measuring sensor above the bed, which can reduce the impact of local accumulation or local thinning on the regional load estimation.

[0018] (2) The present invention introduces a nonlinear correction coefficient that varies with the load before normalizing the load, and calibrates the vibration coefficient and air volume coefficient respectively, so that different response slopes can be used in the low load area and the high load area, which is convenient for flexible calibration under different material and processing volume conditions; when the coefficient is zero, it can degenerate into a linear model, which is compatible with the existing control method and is convenient for debugging and comparison verification.

[0019] (3) This invention eliminates the practice of merging a small number of thickness measurement points into a whole bed load with a fixed weight, calculates the weight of each small area and sums them up to obtain the weight of each major area; the total weight of the whole bed is used for vibration control, and the weight of each major area is used for the opening and closing control of the binding port of each zone, so that the measurement area, weight calculation area and lower execution area correspond to each other, and achieves precise matching between zone load and zone air supply. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method based on material thickness measurement according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow-vibration coordinated sorting device based on material thickness measurement according to the present invention; Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of a partitioned restraint plate assembly; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit mechanism. Figure 5 This is a top view schematic diagram of the arrangement of the four major regions, twelve sub-regions, and sensors in the right-angled trapezoidal fluidized bed of the present invention.

[0021] Figure Labels 1. Fluidized bed layer; 2. Air supply unit; 3. Adjustable restraint port; 4. Air volume control actuator; 5. Power source; 6. Vertical movement component; 7. Restraint plate; 8. Transmission linkage; 9. Eccentricity adjustable excitation unit; 10. Support frame; 11. Power supply; 12. Exciter housing; 13. Servo motor; 14. Ball screw; 15. Eccentric block; 16. Rotary shaft; 17. Radial guide component; 18. Side wall partition sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0024] Example 1 The following combination Figures 1 to 5 A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0025] This embodiment uses the wind-driven coal sorting process as an example to describe the specific implementation of the wind-vibration linkage intelligent sorting method based on thickness feedback. It should be understood that this embodiment is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0026] I. Overall Structure of the Device

[0027] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the sorting device used in this embodiment mainly includes: a fluidized bed 1, a thickness sensing unit, an air supply unit 2, an airflow control execution unit 4, an eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9, and an intelligent control unit. The thickness sensing unit and the intelligent control unit are not included in the... Figure 2 The partitioned arrangement of the thickness sensing units is shown in the figure. Figure 5 .

[0028] The fluidized bed 1 is the core working component that carries and sorts materials, and the materials form a bed layer of a certain thickness on its upper surface.

[0029] See Figure 5 Based on the corresponding positions of the four partition restraint plate assemblies in the material travel direction, the fluidized bed 1 is divided into four large regions, each of which is further divided into three smaller regions either equally or according to a preset length. Thirteen boundary positions, x0 to x12, are sequentially formed along the material travel direction. A sidewall partition sensor 18 is installed at each boundary position on the fluidized bed side plate. Each sidewall partition sensor 18 detects the bed thickness at the corresponding boundary position in real time. For any small region enclosed by adjacent boundaries, the arithmetic mean of the bed thickness measurements at both boundary positions is taken as the bed thickness of that small region. Thus, the thickness input of twelve small regions is obtained by the thirteen sidewall partition sensors 18.

[0030] The air supply unit 2 is located below the fluidized bed 1. The air outlet of the air supply unit 2 is provided with four adjustable restraint ports 3 along the material travel direction. The four adjustable restraint ports 3 correspond to the first to fourth major areas respectively, so that each major area can obtain an air supply volume that matches the weight of the material above it.

[0031] The air volume control execution unit 4 is connected to four adjustable restraint ports 3 for each zone, and is used to adjust the opening and closing degree of the four adjustable restraint ports 3 respectively, thereby independently controlling the air volume supplied by the air supply unit 2 to the four large areas of the bed.

[0032] The eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9 is connected to the fluidized bed 1 and is used to provide vibration for the fluidized bed 1. The eccentricity of the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9 can be dynamically and continuously adjusted during operation, thereby realizing online adjustment of vibration intensity. The eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9 is mounted on the support frame 10 and is powered by the power supply 11.

[0033] The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to thirteen side wall zone sensors 18, air supply unit 2, air volume control execution unit 4, and eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9, respectively. It is used to receive bed thickness signals at thirteen boundary positions, convert them into bed thickness of twelve small areas, calculate the material weight of each small area, summarize the weight of four large areas and the equivalent material weight of the whole bed, calculate a target eccentricity and the target opening degree of four zones in real time, and output control commands synchronously.

[0034] II. Specific structure of the air volume control execution unit.

[0035] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the air volume control execution unit 4 includes four partition restraint plate assemblies arranged along the material travel direction; Figure 3 A partial structure of one of the partition restraint plate assemblies is shown. Each partition restraint plate assembly includes a power source 5, a vertical movement component 6, a restraint plate 7, and a transmission link 8.

[0036] The output end of the power source 5 is connected to the vertical moving component 6. In this embodiment, the power source 5 is preferably a servo electric cylinder, but it is not limited to this; a pneumatic actuator or other form of linear drive device may also be used. The vertical moving component 6 is used to receive and transmit the linear displacement output by the power source 5; when a rotary power source is used, the vertical moving component 6 is also used to convert the rotary motion into linear motion, and its specific form may be a lead screw and nut mechanism or a gear and rack mechanism.

[0037] In each partition restraint plate assembly, the vertical moving component 6 is hinged to the restraint plate 7 via a transmission link 8. One end of the transmission link 8 is hinged to the moving part of the vertical moving component 6 via a pin, and the other end is hinged to the connecting section of the corresponding restraint plate 7. When the vertical moving component 6 performs vertical reciprocating motion, it drives the restraint plate 7 to move up and down via the transmission link 8 to change the opening and closing size of the adjustable restraint opening 3 of the corresponding partition.

[0038] Four zone restraint plate assemblies are arranged sequentially along the material travel direction, corresponding to the first to fourth major zones respectively; the restraint plates 7 in each zone restraint plate assembly are arranged according to... Figure 3 The structure shown is located on the side of the corresponding adjustable restraint opening 3.

[0039] During operation, the intelligent control unit sends opening and closing control commands to the power sources 5 of the four partition restraint plate assemblies. Each power source 5 drives the corresponding vertical moving component 6 to move, and through the transmission link 8, drives the corresponding restraint plate 7 to move. When a certain partition restraint plate 7 moves upward, the effective ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the adjustable restraint opening 3 of that partition increases; when it moves downward, the effective ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the adjustable restraint opening 3 of that partition decreases.

[0040] The four zone restraint plate components operate independently according to the material weight of their respective large areas, allowing the opening and closing degree of the first to fourth large areas to be adjusted according to local load differences, thus avoiding insufficient air supply to the thick material area or excessive air supply to the thin material area caused by using the same opening and closing degree for the entire bed restraint port.

[0041] III. Specific structure of the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9 includes an exciter housing 12, a servo motor 13, a ball screw 14, an eccentric block 15, a rotating shaft 16, and a radial guide assembly 17.

[0043] The exciter housing 12 is a supporting and protective component for the eccentrically adjustable exciter unit 9, and it houses the servo motor 13, ball screw 14, eccentric block 15, rotating shaft 16, and radial guide assembly 17. The exciter housing 12 is mounted on the support frame 10 and is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 16 via bearings.

[0044] The rotating shaft 16 extends axially along the exciter housing 12, and one end of it is connected to an external drive motor (not shown in the figure). The external drive motor drives the rotating shaft 16 to rotate at high speed. The rotation of the rotating shaft 16 generates an excitation force, which is transmitted through the exciter housing 12 to the fluidized bed 1 connected to it, causing the bed to vibrate.

[0045] The servo motor 13 is installed inside the vibrator housing 12. The stator of the servo motor 13 is fixedly connected to the vibrator housing 12, and the output end of the servo motor 13 is connected to the ball screw 14. The servo motor 13 is used to drive the ball screw 14 to rotate, and its rotation direction and rotation amount are determined by the eccentricity control command sent by the intelligent control unit.

[0046] The ball screw 14 is arranged radially along the rotating shaft 16. One end of the ball screw 14 is connected to the output end of the servo motor 13, and the other end of the ball screw 14 is a free end.

[0047] The eccentric block 15 has a mass eccentricity characteristic. It is sleeved on the ball screw 14 and threadedly engaged with the ball screw 14. At the same time, the eccentric block 15 is slidably engaged with the radial guide assembly 17. The radial guide assembly 17 restricts the degree of freedom of the eccentric block 15 as it rotates with the ball screw 14, so that it can only move linearly along the extension direction of the radial guide assembly 17.

[0048] During operation, the intelligent control unit sends an eccentricity control command to the servo motor 13. The servo motor 13 rotates according to the command, driving the ball screw 14 to rotate. Under the combined action of the threaded engagement and the radial guide assembly 17, the rotational motion of the ball screw 14 is converted into the radial linear movement of the eccentric block 15 relative to the rotation axis 16 along the radial guide assembly 17. When the eccentric block 15 moves radially outward, the distance between its center of mass and the axis of rotation 16 increases, the eccentricity increases, the excitation force increases, and the vibration intensity increases; when the eccentric block 15 moves radially inward, the distance between its center of mass and the axis of rotation 16 decreases, the eccentricity decreases, the excitation force decreases, and the vibration intensity decreases.

[0049] IV. Operational Examples of Intelligent Control Units and Control Models

[0050] The intelligent control unit employs a programmable logic controller (PLC) or an industrial computer, which embeds a unified control model. This unified control model integrates a small-area material weight conversion model, a vibration control model, and a zoned airflow control model. It uses the bed thickness at the boundary positions measured by thirteen sidewall zone sensors (18) as the initial measurement input, and converts this into twelve small-area bed thicknesses. , with target eccentricity and the opening and closing degree of the four partition targets For output, and through and Adjust the nonlinear response of the vibration channel and the zone airflow channel respectively.

[0051] Before starting the device, the operator inputs the following initial parameters through the human-machine interface of the intelligent control unit, based on the basic physical property parameters of the coal to be sorted and the inherent parameters of the equipment: Coal quality parameters: Dry basis density of the coal to be sorted =1300kg / m 3 Moisture content on dry basis =8% (i.e., 0.08, representing the ratio of moisture mass to dry material mass); Equipment inherent parameters: Effective width of fluidized bed layer. =1.5m, effective sorting length of bed =3.0m, inherent vibrating mass of the equipment =2000kg, adjustable mass of the vibrator eccentric block =50kg; Control parameters: Minimum amplitude =0.003m, maximum amplitude =0.007m, the material weight corresponding to the maximum design load. =15000N, minimum opening degree =0.2, optimal opening / closing degree under rated full load =0.8, the rated full load weight of the entire bed. =15000N; When the four large areas are of equal length, the rated full-load material weight of each area is 15000N; = =3750N.

[0052] and Instead of using fixed empirical constants, multi-load point calibration is performed for material categories before equipment commissioning: The amplitude and damper opening are varied at no fewer than three normalized load points, using at least one of sorting efficiency, mismatched material content, and energy consumption per unit throughput as evaluation indicators to determine the optimal amplitude and optimal opening for each load point; after normalizing the optimal control values, they are then applied according to… Performing least-squares fitting with boundary constraints yields the following results. and And store it in the material parameter database. For normalized load (when calibrating the vibration channel) When calibrating the air volume channel ); For the corresponding nonlinear calibration coefficients (when calibrating the vibration channel) When calibrating the air volume channel ); The optimal control quantity after normalization (when calibrating the vibration channel) When calibrating the airflow channel, corresponding to the normalized amplitude. (Corresponding to normalized opening / closing degree). After changing the material or particle size distribution, call up the corresponding coefficients, and recalibrate if necessary.

[0053] Because -1 < <1, function In 0≤ It remains monotonic within the range of ≤1, with the no-load output being 0 and the full-load output being 1; The response is faster in low and medium load areas when the load is >0. When the load is less than 0, the response is slower in the low-load area and faster in the high-load area. When the value is 0, the original linear relationship is restored.

[0054] After the device is started, the intelligent control unit executes the following control process according to a fixed sampling period (set to 100ms in this embodiment).

[0055] Step S1: Data Acquisition.

[0056] At the start of each control cycle, thirteen sidewall zone sensors 18 synchronously collect bed thickness data at thirteen boundary positions from x0 to x12. The intelligent control unit takes the arithmetic mean of the thickness measurements at the two adjacent boundary positions before and after each small region to obtain the bed thickness of twelve small regions. And read the current coal type from the preset material parameter database. , , and .

[0057] To facilitate comparison with the original four-point example, this embodiment uses the example calculation values: the thicknesses of the three sub-regions within the first to fourth large regions are 0.10m, 0.09m, 0.07m and 0.06m respectively, that is, the three sub-regions within the same large region are temporarily assigned the same thickness; this set of values ​​is only used to illustrate the calculation process and is not considered as experimental results.

[0058] Step S2: Calculation of material weight for small area, large area and the whole bed.

[0059] The intelligent control unit substitutes the thickness data and coal quality parameters collected in step S1 into the small area material weight conversion model: ; Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.8 m / s². 2 In this embodiment, the four large regions are of equal length, each large region being 0.75m long, and each small region being... =0.25m.

[0060] ; ; The length of the small region in this embodiment is: ; ; ; The equivalent material weight of the whole bed =4953.3N, which is consistent with the total amount in the original example, but the current model also obtains the weight of four large regions, providing corresponding load inputs for the independent opening and closing control of the four partition restraint ports.

[0061] Step S3: Calculate the target control quantity in conjunction with the calculation.

[0062] The intelligent control unit calculates the equivalent material weight of the entire bed in step S2. =4953.3N and the weight of the four large areas For input, the following two sub-steps are executed in parallel: Step S31, Vibration control model solution: The intelligent control unit first calculates the normalized vibration load. and vibration nonlinearity correction factor with load variation : ; ; The adaptive law for the target amplitude is: ; During this control cycle =4953.3 / 15000≈0.3302, =1+0.6698 Therefore, the target amplitude ≈(0.004321+0.000885 )m; As determined by the aforementioned calibration steps, when not calibrated, it can be set as follows: =0 serves as a compatible linear benchmark.

[0063] Subsequently, under the condition that the vibrator speed and support parameters are within the pre-calibrated stable working range, the bed and material are converted into equivalent vibrating masses, and the target eccentricity is calculated according to the eccentricity control law: ; Substituting the current load and the parameterized target amplitude, we get: ; Target eccentricity varies The calibration value is determined; when When =0, ≈0.2165m, consistent with the original linear reference.

[0064] After substituting the weight models of the twelve small regions, the eccentricity linkage control law is as follows: ; Step S32: Solve the air volume control model.

[0065] At the same time, the intelligent control unit calculates the normalized air volume load for each of the four major areas. and the nonlinear correction factor for air volume varying with load : ; ; No. The airflow control model for each zone's confinement outlet is as follows: ; In this embodiment, the four large regions are of equal length and =3750N, substituting the weights of the four major regions, we obtain four normalized air volume loads: ; ; After substituting the small-area weight conversion model, the first... The unified opening and closing control law for each zone's constraint opening is: ; At this point, step S3 outputs a target eccentricity. and the opening and closing degree of the four partition targets to The vibration channel is adjusted according to the total weight of the bed, and the four airflow channels are adjusted according to the weight of their respective large areas.

[0066] Step S4: Synchronous execution of control.

[0067] The intelligent control unit calculates the target eccentricity in step S3. The control command is converted into an eccentricity control command and sent to the servo motor 13 of the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9 via the communication bus; simultaneously, the target opening and closing degrees of the four zones are controlled. to These commands are converted into opening and closing control commands and sent to the power source 5 of the four partition restraint plate assemblies.

[0068] After receiving a command, the servo motor 13 of the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9 drives the ball screw 14 to rotate, causing the eccentric block 15 to move radially relative to the rotating shaft 16 along the radial guide assembly 17, thereby adjusting the actual eccentricity of the exciter to the target eccentricity calculated in this cycle. This changes the vibration intensity applied to the fluidized bed 1.

[0069] At the same time, the power sources 5 of the four zone restraint plate assemblies receive corresponding commands, driving their respective vertical moving components 6 and transmission links 8, thereby moving the corresponding restraint plates 7 and adjusting the actual opening and closing degree of the adjustable restraint openings 3 of the first to fourth zones to [the specified values]. to This allows for adjustments to the air supply volume based on the area.

[0070] The nonlinear synchronous adjustment of vibration intensity and airflow in four zones alters the loosening, stratification, and conveying state of the material in fluidized bed 1. This change is reflected in the variation of bed thickness in twelve small zones and serves as feedback input for the next control cycle.

[0071] Step S5: Execute repeatedly.

[0072] After completing the output of the current control cycle, the intelligent control unit returns to step S1. At the next sampling moment, the thirteen sidewall zone sensors 18 synchronously collect the bed thickness at each boundary position again. The intelligent control unit recalculates the thickness of the twelve small zones, and calculates the weight of the twelve small zones, the weight of the four large zones, and the equivalent material weight of the entire bed. It also calculates the new target eccentricity and the target opening degree of the four zones in parallel. This cycle repeats, allowing the system to continuously track the local load distribution and overall operating condition changes along the bed length.

[0073] This embodiment achieves the following effects through the above technical solution: First, the bed thickness at the thirteen boundary locations is synchronously collected by the sidewall partition sensor 18, and the thickness of twelve small regions is calculated from the measurement values ​​of adjacent boundaries. The weight is then calculated separately and summarized into four large regions according to the three small regions. The 1:2:2:1 weighting is canceled so that the local load estimate corresponds one-to-one with the four lower partition binding ports.

[0074] Second, calibrable nonlinear correction coefficients are introduced into the vibration channel and the air volume channel respectively. Under the premise of keeping the no-load end, the full-load end and the upper and lower control limits unchanged, the response slope of the intermediate load zone can be adjusted for different materials.

[0075] third, =0、 When the value is 0, the model can degenerate into the original linear control relationship, which facilitates equipment debugging, comparison and verification, and safe activation when calibration data is lacking; after completing multi-load point calibration, it can be switched to nonlinear control.

[0076] Example 2 This embodiment takes the wind-driven sorting process of oil shale as an example. The sorting device, the arrangement of the thirteen sidewall zone sensors, the sampling cycle, the weight calculation of small and large areas, vibration control, zone airflow control, and synchronous execution process are all the same as in Embodiment 1, and the same parts will not be repeated; the difference lies in the parameters of the material to be sorted, the parameter library call items, and the density criteria and discharge definition of the sorted products.

[0077] Oil shale, after being crushed and screened to a particle size suitable for fluidized bed processing, is used as the material to be sorted. Before the unit starts up, offline physical property testing is performed on the current batch of oil shale to obtain the dry basis density of the oil shale. and dry basis moisture content This involves calling or creating the corresponding oil shale material parameter set. The material parameter set also includes vibration nonlinear calibration coefficients. and air volume nonlinear calibration coefficient The coefficients are determined according to the multi-load point calibration method in Example 1, and the calibration coefficients of coal materials are not directly used.

[0078] Equipment inherent parameters , , and Using the calibration values ​​of the same equipment from Example 1; design the material weight corresponding to the maximum load. Rated full load material weight The upper and lower limits of the control quantity under oil shale working conditions are re-verified and written into the parameter database according to the method of Example 1, based on the allowable bed height of the equipment, the physical properties of oil shale, and the rated air supply conditions.

[0079] During operation, the thirteen sidewall partition sensors 18 simultaneously acquire the bed thickness at the thirteen boundary positions from x0 to x12. The intelligent control unit calculates the bed thickness of the twelve small regions from the adjacent boundary thickness measurements using the method described in Example 1. Subsequently, in the small area weight formula of Example 1, with and Replace each and The weights of the twelve small regions were calculated one by one, and then the weights of every three small regions were added together to obtain the weights of the four large oil shale regions. And calculate the equivalent material weight of the entire oil shale bed. The weights of each small region are added directly, without using a 1:2:2:1 weighting.

[0080] Intelligent control unit with As input to the vibration control model, with As input to the corresponding zone airflow control model, respectively combined with , , and The target amplitude, target eccentricity, and target opening degree of the four zones are calculated according to the same nonlinear adaptive law as in Example 1, and are executed synchronously by the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit 9 and the four zone restraint plate assemblies.

[0081] Under the product definition and sorting objectives of this embodiment, the target enriched components of oil shale correspond to high-density products. After the material is loosened and stratified according to density under the action of vibration and airflow, the high-density components tend to move to the lower part of the bed, and the low-density components tend to move to the upper part of the bed; therefore, the lower high-density product stream is defined and collected as oil shale concentrate, and the upper low-density product stream is defined and collected as oil shale tailings.

[0082] When selecting the oil shale mode, the intelligent control unit invokes the "high-density concentrate" product mapping, aligning the high-density product channel at the discharge end with the concentrate collection end and the low-density product channel with the tailings collection end. This product criterion is the opposite of the criterion for using low-density coking coal as the target product in coal sorting, but it does not change the thickness feedback direction, the equivalent material weight model, or the wind-vibration linkage control law.

[0083] The device operates cyclically according to steps S1 to S5, and continuously updates the weights of the twelve small zones and the four large zones based on the changes in the bed thickness of the twelve small zones. Equivalent material weight of the entire bed The target eccentricity and the opening and closing degree of the four zones are also considered. When the source, grain size composition, or water content of the oil shale changes, the corresponding oil shale parameter set is called up, and if necessary, the parameters are re-determined according to the multi-load point calibration method in Example 1. and .

[0084] This embodiment demonstrates that, without altering the main processes of twelve-zone thickness feedback, whole-bed nonlinear vibration control, and four-zone nonlinear airflow control, oil shale sorting with high-density components as concentrate can be achieved by calling the oil shale parameter set and switching the product density criterion, thus expanding the applicability of this invention to particulate materials with different target density directions.

[0085] It is worth noting that all contents not described in detail in this invention are existing technologies and are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0086] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method and device based on material thickness measurement, which can calculate the weight of each of the twelve small areas according to the real-time changes in the bed thickness and summarize the weight of the four large areas and the equivalent material weight of the whole bed; the excitation eccentricity is adjusted by the weight of the whole bed, and the opening degree of the four zone restraint ports is adjusted by the weight of the four large areas respectively, so as to achieve adaptive matching of vibration intensity and regional air volume to the overall and local material load, thereby improving the sorting stability, regional air supply accuracy and equipment adaptability under different working conditions.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coordinated airflow-vibration sorting method based on material thickness measurement, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Divide the fluidized bed into multiple large regions along the material travel direction, and divide each large region into multiple small regions. Collect the bed thickness at each boundary position and calculate the bed thickness of each small region. At the same time, obtain the physical property parameters of the current material. Step S2: Calculate the material weight of each small area based on the data collected in step S1, and summarize the material weight of each major area and the equivalent material weight of the entire bed. Step S3: Using the equivalent material weight of the entire bed as input, calculate the target eccentricity of the vibrator according to the vibration control model; using the material weight of each major area as input, calculate the target opening degree of each zone's air supply unit according to the zone air volume control model. Step S4: Convert the target eccentricity and the target opening degree of each zone air supply unit into control commands to synchronously drive the eccentricity adjustment mechanism of the vibrator and the operation of each zone air supply unit. Step S5: Return to step S1 and repeat the above steps.

2. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method based on material thickness measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, multiple boundary positions are set along the material travel direction, and adjacent boundary positions form a small area. Multiple consecutive small areas form a large area. Side wall partition sensors are set on the fluidized bed side plate at each boundary position. Each side wall partition sensor is used to detect the bed thickness at the corresponding boundary position. The bed thickness of any small area is obtained by taking the arithmetic mean of the bed thickness measurements at the two adjacent boundary positions before and after the small area.

3. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method based on material thickness measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the conversion of material weight is as follows: ； ； ； in, For large area numbering, , For the total number of large regions, Numbering the smaller areas within a larger area. , This represents the total number of small areas. for Time of the first The first in the large region Material weight in a small area For the first Material weight for each major region This is the equivalent weight of the entire bed of materials. The dry basis density of the material. The dry basis moisture content of the material. It is the acceleration due to gravity. The effective width of the fluidized bed layer. This represents the length of the corresponding small area along the material travel direction. For the first The first in the large region Bed thickness in a small area; The weights of each small area are added together to obtain the weight of the major area, and the weights of the major areas are added together to obtain the equivalent material weight of the entire bed.

4. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method based on material thickness measurement according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, the vibration control model includes: The normalized vibration load and vibration nonlinearity correction factor are: ； ； The adaptive law for the target amplitude is: ； The eccentricity control law is: ； in, To limit the normalized vibration load to the range of 0 to 1, This is the vibration nonlinearity correction coefficient. The nonlinear calibration coefficient for vibration is -1 < <1, For the target amplitude, and These are the minimum and maximum allowable amplitudes of the device, respectively. To determine the material weight corresponding to the maximum load, For the target eccentricity, For the inherent vibratory mass of the equipment, The adjustable mass of the eccentric block of the vibrator; when When the value is 0, the adaptive law of the target amplitude degenerates into a linear relationship.

5. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method based on material thickness measurement according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, for the first Each large region adopts a zoned airflow control model corresponding to that large region: ； No. The normalized air volume load and air volume nonlinearity correction coefficient for each major region are: ； ； in, For the first The target opening degree of the adjustable restraint port in each zone To limit the first to the range of 0 to 1 Normalized air volume load for each large region For the first Nonlinear correction coefficients for air volume in major regions The nonlinear calibration coefficient for air volume is -1 < <1, For minimum opening degree, The optimal opening and closing degree under rated full load. For the first The rated full-load material weight of each major area; when When =0, the air volume control model for each zone degenerates into a linear relationship.

6. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting method based on material thickness measurement according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, Substituting the small-area material weight conversion model into the vibration control model and the zoned airflow control model, we obtain the thickness of each small area, calculated by converting the bed thickness collected by the sidewall zone sensors at each boundary location as the original input and the thickness of adjacent boundaries. A unified control model for controlling inputs: The weight of each major region is obtained from the weight of each minor region. Equivalent material weight of the whole bed : ； ； Based on the equivalent material weight of the entire bed As the load input for the vibration control model, the eccentricity control law is: ； By weight of major regions As the load input for the corresponding zone airflow control model, the normalized airflow load is: ； ； ； The target opening degree of each zone's air supply unit is determined by the weight of the corresponding large area.

7. An airflow-vibration coordinated sorting device based on material thickness measurement, characterized in that, For implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: Fluidized bed layer; The thickness sensing unit includes multiple sidewall partition sensors disposed at multiple boundary positions on the side plate of the fluidized bed; the multiple sidewall partition sensors are used to detect the bed thickness at the corresponding boundary positions in real time, and determine the bed thickness of the small area between two adjacent boundary positions by the thickness measurement values. The air supply unit is located below the fluidized bed. The air outlet of the air supply unit is equipped with multiple adjustable confinement ports for different zones. The multiple adjustable confinement ports correspond to multiple large areas. The air supply unit is used to provide airflow to the zones of the fluidized bed. The air volume control actuator is connected to multiple adjustable restraint ports for each zone, and is used to adjust the opening and closing degree of each zone's adjustable restraint port. An eccentrically adjustable excitation unit is connected to the fluidized bed and is used to provide vibration for the fluidized bed. The eccentricity of the eccentrically adjustable excitation unit can be dynamically adjusted. The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the thickness sensing unit, the airflow control execution unit, and the eccentricity adjustable excitation unit, respectively. It is used to receive the bed thickness signal at the boundary position output by the side wall zone sensors, convert it into the bed thickness of each small area, calculate the material weight of each small area and sum them to obtain the weight of each major area and the equivalent material weight of the whole bed, calculate the target eccentricity based on the equivalent material weight of the whole bed, calculate the target opening degree of each zone based on the weight of each major area, and output control commands synchronously.

8. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting device based on material thickness measurement according to claim 7, characterized in that, There are four large regions, twelve small regions, and thirteen boundary positions. The four large regions are arranged sequentially along the material travel direction, and each large region includes three small regions. There are thirteen sidewall partition sensors, which are respectively set on the thirteen boundary positions on the side plate of the fluidized bed and detect the bed thickness at the corresponding boundary positions. The bed thickness of any small region is determined by taking the arithmetic mean of the thickness measurements of the two adjacent sidewall partition sensors that define that small region.

9. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting device based on material thickness measurement according to claim 7, characterized in that, The air volume control actuator includes multiple partition restraint plate assemblies arranged along the material travel direction. Each partition restraint plate assembly corresponds to a large area and includes a power source, a vertical movement assembly, a restraint plate, and a transmission link. The output end of the power source is connected to the vertical movement assembly. The power source drives the restraint plate to move in the vertical direction through the vertical movement assembly and the transmission link to change the opening degree of the adjustable restraint port of the corresponding partition. Multiple partition restraint plate assemblies are connected to multiple opening and closing control channels of the intelligent control unit, and operate independently according to the material weight of each area.

10. The airflow-vibration coordinated sorting device based on material thickness measurement according to claim 7, characterized in that, The eccentricity adjustable excitation unit includes an exciter housing, a drive assembly, a transmission assembly, an eccentric block, and a rotating shaft. The drive assembly and the transmission assembly are installed inside the exciter housing. The drive assembly is connected to the eccentric block through the transmission assembly. The transmission assembly is arranged radially along the rotating shaft. The drive assembly drives the transmission assembly to move the eccentric block radially relative to the rotating shaft along the radial guide assembly, so as to change the eccentricity of the eccentric block relative to the rotating shaft. The drive component is a servo motor, and the transmission component is a ball screw. The output end of the servo motor is connected to the ball screw. The eccentric block is sleeved on the ball screw and threaded with the ball screw. The servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate, causing the eccentric block to move linearly along the radial direction of the rotation axis.

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