A cleaning integrated equipment suitable for various asphalt experimental molds
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611337363.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-30
AI Technical Summary
目前有将模具放入冰柜冷冻后，先移至带盖的铁盒中上下振动使沥青脱落，再取出模具并使用溶剂清洗的方法，这种方法操作繁琐且不经济；有采用先高温加热，再戴加厚棉手套擦洗或使用柴油等溶剂清洗的方法，这种方法操作繁琐、存在安全风险且易对实验环境造成影响；有采用超声波清洗设备进行清洗的方法，这种方法清洗效果局限性较大，尤其是对模具的接缝、凹槽等位置清洗效果不佳，甚至会造成实验模具的破损
[0014]本发明通过设置送液系统、加热烘干系统及清洗剂回收再利用系统，可实现不同类型沥青实验模具的清洗与烘干，并降低实验人员与高温环境直接接触的风险；通过高压喷淋方式提高模具接缝、凹槽等部位的清洗效果；通过固液分离及冷凝回收，可实现清洗剂的回收利用，以减少清洗剂消耗并降低清洗过程对实验环境的影响。
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Figure CN122999585A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental equipment technology, and more specifically to an integrated cleaning device suitable for various asphalt experimental molds. Background Technology
[0002] After asphalt experiments, all containers used to hold the asphalt, such as beakers, and experimental molds used to measure asphalt penetration, softening point, and ductility, need to be cleaned and dried. Current methods include freezing the molds, then transferring them to a covered metal box and vibrating them to loosen the asphalt before cleaning with solvents. This method is cumbersome and uneconomical. Another method involves heating the molds at high temperatures, then wiping them with thick cotton gloves or using solvents like diesel fuel. This method is cumbersome, poses safety risks, and can negatively impact the experimental environment. Ultrasonic cleaning is also used, but its effectiveness is limited, especially in cleaning seams and grooves, and it can even damage the molds. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated cleaning device capable of cleaning multiple types of asphalt experimental molds to improve cleaning efficiency and reduce environmental impact during the cleaning process. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose an integrated cleaning device suitable for various asphalt experimental molds.
[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the aforementioned technical problem is as follows:
[0005] An integrated cleaning device suitable for various asphalt experimental molds includes a door, a liquid delivery chamber, a lifting chamber, a cleaning chamber, an operating panel, and a control system. Its features include a liquid delivery system, a heating and drying system, and a cleaning agent recycling system. The door is used to close during the cleaning process to create a relatively sealed cleaning environment. The lifting chamber is the working space of the lifting platform, which supports the cleaning chamber when placing or removing molds. The liquid delivery chamber is the working space for the cleaning liquid, including the liquid delivery system and the cleaning agent recycling system. The liquid delivery system treats the cleaning liquid under high temperature and pressure before delivering it to the cleaning chamber to improve the cleaning effect. The heating and drying system can preheat the molds before cleaning and dry them after cleaning. The cleaning agent recycling system can separate the cleaning agent from the asphalt residue mixture after cleaning and return the reusable mixture to the liquid delivery system.
[0006] The lifting platform is an electric lifting platform, located within the lifting chamber. The lifting platform motor is located at the end of a central helical rod, driving the central helical rod to rotate and, through a transmission gear, raising and lowering the support structure of the lifting platform. The top surface of the lifting platform is positioned below and supports the liquid-flowing chamber. When the lifting platform rises and falls, it synchronously raises and lowers the liquid-flowing chamber and the mold-supporting assembly located within the cleaning chamber, facilitating mold placement and removal and mitigating the risk of burns.
[0007] The cleaning chamber includes markings, a mold support assembly, high-pressure spray heads, and a discharge device. The markings define the specific locations where specimens of different shapes and sizes should be placed. The mold support assembly also includes support columns and spring clamps. The cleaning chamber is divided into three areas: Area 1 primarily cleans beakers and asphalt penetration test molds, securing them with spring clamps; Area 2 primarily cleans asphalt softening point test molds; and Area 3 primarily cleans asphalt ductility test molds. The high-pressure spray heads are directly connected to the liquid delivery system. The arrangement and number of high-pressure spray heads vary depending on the area. Area 1, used for cleaning the more difficult-to-clean penetration test molds and beakers, has 8 high-pressure spray heads on the sides and 5 on the top. Area 2, used for cleaning the easier-to-clean softening point test molds, has 2 high-pressure spray heads on the sides. Area 3, used for cleaning irregularly shaped ductility molds, has 8 high-pressure spray heads on the sides based on their shape. The discharge device is connected to pipe number one and comes in two shapes: a ring shape in area three and a cylindrical shape in areas one and two.
[0008] The control panel includes a heating control knob, a liquid delivery control knob, a ventilation control knob, a lifting platform control button, and a power switch, all of which are connected to their respective components via a control system. The heating control knob controls the heating and cooling of the heating wires on both sides of the cleaning chamber; the liquid delivery control knob is connected to the liquid delivery switch, liquid delivery pump, preheating device, and regulating valve to control the delivery and preheating of the cleaning fluid, while also controlling the liquid discharge rate from the high-pressure spray head; the ventilation control knob sets a suction mode during spraying to extract cleaning agent that fails to enter the discharge device into the condensation recovery device, and sets a blower mode after spraying to assist in drying; the lifting platform control button is connected to the lifting platform motor to control the raising and lowering of the entire lifting platform; the power switch controls the power on and off of the equipment.
[0009] The liquid delivery system is located in the liquid flow chamber and includes a No. 1 liquid storage tank, a No. 2 liquid storage tank, a preheating device, a liquid delivery pump, a liquid delivery switch, a regulating valve, and a liquid delivery pipeline. The No. 1 and No. 2 liquid storage tanks are connected in parallel and are sequentially connected to the liquid delivery switch, the liquid delivery pump, the preheating device, and the regulating valve through the liquid delivery pipeline, and finally connected to the high-pressure spray head.
[0010] The heating and drying system includes a fan assembly and heating wires, both connected to the control panel via a control system. The fan assembly includes a forward-blading fan and a reverse-blading fan, used for exhaust and blowing air respectively; the forward-blading fan operates during exhaust, and the reverse-blading fan operates during blowing. The heating wires are located at the side edge of the cleaning chamber to heat and dry the test specimens.
[0011] The control system is a circuit control system used to process commands from the control panel and to control other related systems as a whole.
[0012] The cleaning agent recycling system is located in the liquid flow tank and includes a waste liquid recovery pipeline, a solid-liquid separation device, and a condensation recovery device. The waste liquid recovery pipeline is divided into two parts: Pipeline 1 and Pipeline 2. Pipeline 1 is connected to the discharge device, which guides the waste liquid into the solid-liquid separation device to separate the reusable cleaning liquid, which is then transported to the No. 2 storage tank via a delivery pipe. The condensation recovery device is located outside the fan and consists of a condensation pipeline and cooling water. The collected reusable cleaning liquid is transported to the No. 2 storage tank via Pipeline 2.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0014] This invention, by setting up a liquid delivery system, a heating and drying system, and a cleaning agent recycling and reuse system, can achieve the cleaning and drying of different types of asphalt experimental molds and reduce the risk of experimental personnel being in direct contact with high-temperature environments; it improves the cleaning effect of mold joints, grooves and other parts through high-pressure spraying; and it can achieve the recycling of cleaning agents through solid-liquid separation and condensation recovery, so as to reduce the consumption of cleaning agents and reduce the impact of the cleaning process on the experimental environment. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from the right side view;
[0016] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;
[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting platform of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid path of the liquid delivery system and the cleaning agent recycling system in the liquid tank of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three high-pressure spray heads of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the condensation recovery device of the present invention.
[0021] 1. Box door; 2. Observation window; 3. Lifting platform base; 4. Lifting platform motor; 5. Screw rod; 6. Transmission gear; 7. Marking line; 8. Mold bearing assembly; 8-1. Support column; 8-2. Spring clamp; 9. High-pressure spray head; 9-1. First spray head; 9-2. Second spray head; 9-3. Third spray head; 10. Discharge device; 11. Zone 1; 12. Zone 2; 13. Zone 3; 14. Pipeline 1; 15. Pipeline 2; 16. Control panel; 17. Heating control knob; 18. Infusion control knob; 19. Ventilation control knob; 20. Lifting platform control button; 21. Cleaning chamber; 22. Heating wire; 23. Storage tank 1; 24. Storage tank 2; 25. Infusion pump; 26. Preheating device; 27. Infusion switch; 28. Regulating valve; 29. Infusion pipeline; 30. Waste liquid recovery pipeline; 31. Solid-liquid separation device; 32. 32-1 Condensation recovery unit; 32-2 Condensation pipe; 32-2 Cooling water; 33 Fan assembly; 33-1 Normal blade fan; 33-2 Reverse blade fan; 34 Liquid flow tank; 35 Lifting tank; 36 Power switch. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0023] This invention relates to an integrated cleaning device for asphalt experimental molds (see...). Figure 1-6 It includes a door 1, a liquid delivery tank 34, a lifting tank 35, a lifting platform 3, a cleaning tank 21, an operating panel 16, a liquid delivery system, a heating and drying system, a cleaning agent recycling system, and a control system.
[0024] The door 1 is a flip-top door located at the top of the equipment. It is closed during cleaning to form a relatively sealed environment and ensure experimental safety. An observation window 2 is provided on it to observe the cleaning progress.
[0025] The lifting platform 3 is an electric lifting platform, which is installed in the lifting chamber 35. The top surface of the lifting platform 3 is located below the liquid flow chamber 34 and supports the liquid flow chamber 34. When the lifting platform 3 rises and falls, it drives the liquid flow chamber 34 and the mold carrying assembly 8 installed in the cleaning chamber to rise and fall synchronously, thereby facilitating the removal and placement of molds and avoiding the risk of burns.
[0026] This makes it easier for operators to handle the molds and reduces the risk of burns.
[0027] Specifically, the lifting platform motor 4 is located at the end of the spiral rod 5 in the middle of the lifting platform base 3. The spiral rod 5 is driven to rotate by the lifting platform motor 4. When the spiral rod 5 rotates, it drives the support structure to rise and fall through the transmission gear 6, so as to realize the synchronous rise and fall of the liquid flow tank 34 and the mold bearing assembly 8 in the cleaning tank 21.
[0028] The cleaning chamber 21 includes marking lines 7, mold support components 8, high-pressure spray heads 9, and discharge devices 10. Marking lines 7 indicate the specific locations where specimens of different shapes and sizes should be placed; the mold support components 8 include regularly arranged support columns 8-1 and spring clips 8-2; the cleaning chamber 21 is divided into three areas: area 11 mainly cleans the asphalt penetration test mold and beaker, and is fixed with spring clips 8-2; area 12 mainly cleans the asphalt softening point test mold, including the test ring and steel balls; area 13 mainly cleans the asphalt ductility test mold, and is supported by support columns 8-1 to hold the mold. The high-pressure spray head 9 is directly connected to the liquid delivery system. Its shape and number vary depending on the area. Area 11 is used to clean penetration test molds and beakers that are difficult to clean; it has 8 first spray heads 9-1 on its sides and 5 on its top. Area 2 12 is used to clean softening point test molds that are easier to clean; it has 2 second spray heads 9-2 on its sides. Area 3 13 is used to clean irregularly shaped ductility molds; it has 8 third spray heads 9-3 on its sides according to their shape. The discharge device 10 is connected to the first pipe 14 and has two shapes: a ring shape in area 3 and a cylindrical shape in areas 1 and 2. After the test mold to be cleaned is placed in the corresponding area on the mold support assembly, the cleaning fluid is sprayed from the high-pressure spray head 9 onto the mold surface, and the resulting waste liquid and asphalt residue are discharged into the discharge device 10.
[0029] The control panel 16 includes a heating control knob 17, a liquid infusion control knob 18, a ventilation control knob 19, a lifting platform control button 20, and a power switch 36, all of which are connected to the relevant components through a control system. The heating control knob 17 controls the heating and cooling of the heating wires 22 on both sides of the cleaning chamber 21 to regulate the drying temperature; the liquid infusion control knob 18 is connected to the liquid delivery pump 25, the preheating device 26, the liquid delivery switch 27, and the regulating valve 28 to control the preheating and pressurization of the cleaning liquid, as well as the liquid discharge rate and pressure of the spray head, so that the cleaning liquid has a high temperature and high pressure effect when sprayed out; the ventilation control knob 19 controls the operation mode of the fan group 33, allowing the fan group 33 to switch between exhaust and blower modes. When exhausting, the forward-blade fan 33-1 works, and when blowing, the reverse-blade fan 33-2 works; the lifting platform control button 20 is connected to the lifting platform motor 4 to control the lifting of the entire cleaning chamber 21; the power switch 36 controls the power supply of the entire equipment.
[0030] The heating and drying system includes a fan assembly 33 and heating wires 22, both connected to the control panel via a control system. The fan assembly 33 includes a forward-blading fan 33-1 and a reverse-blading fan 33-2, used for exhaust and blowing air respectively. The forward-blading fan operates during exhaust, and the reverse-blading fan operates during blowing. During spraying, an exhaust mode is set so that when the forward-blading fan is operating, it exhausts air out of the cleaning chamber 21, drawing out cleaning agent spray that fails to enter the discharge device and into the condensation recovery device. After spraying, a blowing mode is set to blow air into the cleaning chamber 21 to assist in drying. Nine heating wires 22 are located on each side of the cleaning chamber 21 and are used to heat and dry the test specimens.
[0031] The liquid delivery system is located in the liquid delivery chamber 34 and includes a first liquid storage tank 23, a second liquid storage tank 24, a liquid delivery pump 25, a preheating device 26, a liquid delivery switch 27, a regulating valve 28, and a liquid delivery pipeline 29. The first liquid storage tank 23 and the second liquid storage tank 24 are connected in parallel and sequentially connected to the liquid delivery switch 27, the liquid delivery pump 25, the preheating device 26, and the regulating valve 28 via the liquid delivery pipeline 29, ultimately connecting to the high-pressure spray head 9. The first liquid storage tank 23 stores clean cleaning fluid that has not yet been used for cleaning, while the second liquid storage tank 24 stores cleaning fluid that has already been used for cleaning. The liquid delivery switch 27 controls the delivery of cleaning fluid from the storage tanks, the preheating device 26 heats the cleaning fluid, the liquid delivery pump 25 provides power for the delivery of the cleaning fluid, and the regulating valve 28 controls the spray rate of the cleaning fluid. At the start of cleaning, the liquid delivery control knob 18 is adjusted to open the liquid delivery switch 27, and the liquid delivery pump 25 starts operating simultaneously. Driven by the liquid delivery pump 25, the cleaning fluid is delivered to the high-pressure nozzle 9 through the preheating device 26 and finally sprayed onto the mold to be cleaned.
[0032] The control system is an integrated circuit system used to process commands from the control panel and control other related systems as a whole.
[0033] The cleaning agent recycling system is located in the liquid discharge tank 34 and includes a waste liquid recovery pipeline 30, a solid-liquid separation device 31, and a condensation recovery device 32. The waste liquid recovery pipeline 30 is divided into two parts: a first pipeline 14 and a second pipeline 15. The first pipeline 14 is connected to the discharge device 10, which introduces the solid-liquid mixture into the solid-liquid separation device 31 to separate the reusable cleaning liquid, which is then transported to the second storage tank 24 through a delivery pipe. The condensation recovery device 32 is located outside the fan assembly 33. In the fan assembly's exhaust mode, the cleaning liquid spray collected by the fan assembly is collected in the condensation recovery device, where it is liquefied again and transported to the second storage tank 24 through the second pipeline 15. The solid-liquid separation device 31 is equipped with multiple layers of filters to filter out the reusable cleaning liquid.
[0034] The working principle and workflow of this invention are as follows:
[0035] Turn on the power switch 36, open the chamber door 1, and adjust the lifting platform control button 20 to drive the lifting platform base 3 to lift the liquid flow tank 34 and the mold support assembly 8 in the cleaning chamber 21. Place the mold to be cleaned along the marking line 7 and fix it with the mold support assembly 8. Adjust the lifting platform control button 20 again to control the lifting platform base 3 to descend, so that the liquid flow tank 34 and the mold support assembly 8 in the cleaning chamber 21 descend. Close the chamber door 1. Adjust the heating control knob 17 to set the preheating temperature of the cleaning chamber 21, and then turn on the ventilation control knob 19 to set the exhaust mode. The positive blade fan 33-1 starts working. Turn on the infusion control knob 17. The cleaning fluid flows from the first storage tank 23 through the infusion switch 27, the infusion pump 25, the preheating device 26, and the regulating valve 28 to the experimental mold to begin the cleaning operation. Driven by the liquid delivery pump, the cleaning fluid is delivered through the preheating chamber to the high-pressure nozzle, which transforms the cleaning fluid from a liquid phase to a gas-liquid mixed spray state. When sprayed, it has a high temperature and high pressure effect and is finally sprayed onto the mold to be cleaned.
[0036] During the cleaning process, the cleaning fluid spray that fails to enter the discharge device in the cleaning chamber 21 is drawn out by the fan to the condensation recovery device 32, where it is liquefied again. The recovered cleaning fluid is then transported to the second storage tank 24 through the second pipeline 15. The solid-liquid mixture remaining in the cleaning chamber 21 is transported to the solid-liquid separation device 31 through the discharge device 10 and the first pipeline 14. The cleaning fluid is filtered out through the filter screen and then transported to the second storage tank 24 through the delivery pipe. The cleaning fluid in the second storage tank 24 also passes through the liquid delivery switch 27, the liquid delivery pump 25, the preheating device 26, and the regulating valve 28 in sequence, and is finally sprayed onto the mold for repeated cleaning operations.
[0037] After confirming cleaning is complete through observation window 2, turn off the infusion control knob 18 and let it stand. The forward-leaf fan 33-1 continues to operate, recovering all toxic gases into the cleaning agent recycling system. Then, adjust the ventilation control knob 19 from exhaust mode to blower mode, starting the reverse-leaf fan 33-2. Turn on the heating control knob 17 to dry the mold. Turn off both the ventilation and heating control knobs 19 and 17. Adjust the lifting platform control button 20 to raise the lifting platform 3, connecting the liquid inlet 34 and the mold support assembly 8 in the cleaning chamber 21. Open the chamber door 1 and allow the mold to cool naturally to room temperature. Remove the mold to complete the cleaning operation. Finally, adjust the lifting platform control button 20 to lower the lifting platform 3, connecting the liquid inlet 34 and the mold support assembly 8 in the cleaning chamber 21. Turn off the chamber door 1 and the power switch 36.
[0038] Any aspects not covered in this invention are applicable to existing technologies.
Claims
1. An integrated cleaning device suitable for various asphalt experimental molds, comprising a door (1), a liquid flow chamber (34), a lifting chamber (35), a cleaning chamber (21), an operating panel (16), and a control system, characterized in that, include: The liquid delivery system is located in the liquid delivery chamber (34) and includes a liquid storage tank, a liquid delivery pump (25), a preheating device (26) and a liquid delivery pipeline (29). The liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid delivery pump (25) and the preheating device (26) in sequence through the liquid delivery pipeline (29). The liquid delivery pump (25) is used to pressurize and deliver the cleaning liquid, and the preheating device (26) is used to heat the cleaning liquid. The heated and pressurized cleaning liquid is delivered to the cleaning chamber (21). The heating and drying system includes a heating wire (22) and a fan assembly (33) disposed on the side edge of the cleaning chamber (21). The cleaning agent recycling system is installed in the liquid delivery tank (34), which includes a waste liquid recovery pipe (30) connected to the bottom of the cleaning tank (21), and a solid-liquid separation device (31) connected between the waste liquid recovery pipe (30) and the liquid delivery system. The door (1) is used to close during cleaning to create a closed environment; the lifting chamber (35) is provided with an electric lifting platform (3), the top surface of the electric lifting platform (3) is located below the liquid flow chamber (34) and supports the liquid flow chamber, and the electric lifting platform (3) includes a lifting platform motor (4) and a screw rod (5) for driving the lifting.
2. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The door (1) is a flip-top door located at the top of the equipment, and an observation window (2) is provided on the door (1).
3. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric lifting platform (3) includes a lifting platform motor (4) and a screw rod (5). The lifting platform motor (4) is located at the end of the screw rod (5) and drives it to rotate. When the central screw rod (5) rotates, it drives the support structure to rise and fall through the transmission gear (6) so as to drive the mold bearing assembly (8) in the cleaning chamber (21) to rise and fall.
4. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning chamber (21) is equipped with a mold support assembly (8), a high-pressure spray head (9), a discharge device (10), and a marking line (7) for guiding the placement of the mold; the mold support assembly (8) also includes a support column (8-1) and a spring clip (8-2); the high-pressure spray head (9) is connected to the liquid delivery system.
5. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cleaning chamber (21) is divided into three cleaning areas; The first area (11) is provided with the spring clip (8-2) for fixing the beaker or the penetration test mold, and the first area (11) is provided with 8 first spray heads (9-1) on the side and 5 first spray heads (9-1) on the top. The second area (12) is used to clean the softening point test mold, and two second spray heads (9-2) are provided on the side of the second area (12). The third area (13) is provided with the support column (8-1) for placing the ductility test mold, and the side of the third area (13) is provided with 8 third spray heads (9-3) according to the shape characteristics of the ductility mold.
6. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 5, characterized in that, The discharge device (10) is connected to the first pipe (14) of the waste liquid recovery pipe (30); wherein, the discharge device (10) at the bottom of the third area (13) is in the shape of a ring, and the discharge devices (10) at the bottom of the first area (11) and the second area (12) are in the shape of a cylinder.
7. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid delivery system includes a first liquid storage tank (23) and a second liquid storage tank (24) connected in parallel via a liquid delivery pipeline (29). The first liquid storage tank (23) is used to store clean cleaning liquid that has not been used for cleaning. The second liquid storage tank (24) is connected to the cleaning agent recycling system. The liquid delivery pipeline (29) is connected in series with a liquid delivery switch (27), a liquid delivery pump (25), a preheating device (26), and a regulating valve (28) after the parallel node.
8. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan assembly (33) includes a forward-blade fan (33-1) and a reverse-blade fan (33-2); during the spray cleaning process, the control system controls the forward-blade fan (33-1) to operate in the exhaust mode; after the spraying is completed, the control system controls the reverse-blade fan (33-2) to operate in the blower mode.
9. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cleaning agent recycling system also includes a condensation recovery device (32), which consists of a condensation pipe (32-1) and cooling water (32-2) and is located outside the fan assembly (33). In the exhaust mode, the cleaning agent sprayed by the positive blade fan (33-1) enters the condensation recovery device (32) and is condensed and liquefied, and is transported to the second storage tank (24) through the second pipe (15) of the waste liquid recovery pipe (30).
10. The integrated cleaning equipment for various asphalt experimental molds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control panel (16) includes a heating control knob (17), an infusion control knob (18), a ventilation control knob (19), a lifting platform control button (20), and a power switch (36). The heating control knob (17), the infusion control knob (18), the ventilation control knob (19), the lifting platform control button (20), and the power switch (36) are all electrically connected to the corresponding controlled components through the control system.