A turning insert for stainless steel finish to semi-finishing

Abstract

The application discloses a turning blade for stainless steel finish to semi-finishing, and belongs to the technical field of cutting tools, which comprises a blade tip, a main cutting edge and a positioning hole, the blade tip is provided with a tip chip breaker groove and a chip winding platform, the main cutting edge is provided with an edge chip breaker groove, the chip breaker grooves of the blade tip and the main cutting edge form mutually connected wave crests and wave troughs respectively, and are limited by edge angle, height and width parameters. The blade tip chip breaker groove improves the fracture performance of thin and tough chips through multiple extrusion, bending and collision, and the chip winding platform further reduces the chip winding radius; the main cutting edge chip breaker groove gradually expands the chip space to avoid excessive winding of thick chips. Grooves are arranged in each chip breaker groove to reduce the contact area of the tool chip and increase the heat dissipation area, reduce the heat concentration and crescent dent wear of the blade tip and the main cutting edge, so that the chip breaking, chip removal and tool life of the stainless steel finish and semi-finishing are considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cutting tool technology, specifically a turning insert for finishing to semi-finishing stainless steel. Background Technology

[0002] Stainless steel is a type of alloy steel with iron as the base material and the addition of alloying elements such as chromium and nickel. It has high strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. However, stainless steel is generally characterized by high toughness, a significant tendency to work harden, and low thermal conductivity. During turning, the cutting heat generated is difficult to dissipate through the workpiece and chips in a timely manner, resulting in high temperatures in the cutting zone. Therefore, it is considered a relatively difficult metal material to machine.

[0003] In finishing operations, a smaller depth of cut and feed rate are typically used, resulting in thinner and more resilient chips that are less prone to breaking off on their own. These chips tend to form long, continuous chips that wrap around the tool or workpiece surface. When these long chips enter the chip evacuation groove of the cutting tool, they can easily cause blockage, affecting the stability of the cutting process. At the same time, stainless steel materials are prone to adhesion to the rake face of the cutting tool under high temperature and high pressure, forming built-up edge.

[0004] In semi-finishing operations, to improve machining efficiency, it is usually necessary to appropriately increase the depth of cut and feed rate, which significantly increases the cutting load on the insert. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of stainless steel, a large amount of cutting heat tends to concentrate at the tool tip and its adjacent narrow area, making it difficult to dissipate in time, causing the temperature of the insert contact area to rise rapidly. Under the combined action of high temperature and high load, the insert is prone to plastic deformation and may form crater wear on the rake face; at the same time, the large cutting load will also subject the cutting edge to strong impact, and if the edge strength of the insert is insufficient, it is prone to chipping or even tool breakage.

[0005] Therefore, stainless steel turning places high demands on the chip control, anti-adhesion, heat wear resistance, and cutting edge chipping resistance of cutting inserts. In particular, the cutting conditions for finishing and semi-finishing differ. Existing inserts are often optimized for a single machining condition, making it difficult to simultaneously address chip control and cutting edge strength under different cutting parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a turning tool for finishing or semi-finishing stainless steel, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art.

[0007] A turning tool for finishing to semi-finishing stainless steel is provided, comprising: The cutting tip includes a tip back face, a tip arc, a tip cutting edge, a tip chip breaker groove, and a chip folding platform. The tip chip breaker groove forms a first peak, a first trough forms on the side of the first peak near the tip cutting edge, and a second trough forms on the side of the first peak away from the tip cutting edge. The main cutting edge includes a flank face, a cutting edge, a cutting edge band, and a chip breaker groove. The chip breaker groove has a second peak that connects with the first peak. A third valley that connects with the first valley is formed on the side of the second peak that is close to the cutting edge band. A fourth valley that connects with the second valley is formed on the side of the second peak that is far from the cutting edge band.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the cross section intercepted by the axial plane of the tip arc is taken as the projection plane Q1, and the angle α1 between the projection line of the tip back face and the projection line of the tip cutting edge at the solid part of the tip arc is 75°-90°. The section cut by the main cutting edge by a plane perpendicular to the flank face of the cutting edge is taken as the projection plane Q2. The angle α2 between the projection line of the flank face of the cutting edge and the projection line of the cutting edge at the solid part of the cutting edge is 80°-90°, and α1 < α2.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: from the tip arc to the cutting edge, the included angle α1 to the included angle α2 gradually increases from 78° to 86°.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes a positioning hole, with the radial plane passing through the apex of the tip arc as the elevation reference plane, the cross section intercepted by the axial plane of the tip arc as the projection plane Q1, and the cross section intercepted by the main cutting edge by the plane perpendicular to the back face of the cutting edge as the projection plane Q2. On projection plane Q1, the distance from the lowest point of the first trough to the elevation datum is H. 11 The distance from the lowest point of the second trough to the elevation datum is H. 12 And H 11 ≥H 12 ; On projection plane Q2, the distance from the lowest point of the third trough to the elevation datum is H. 21 The distance from the fourth trough to the elevation datum is H. 22 And H 21 ≥H 22 .

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: on the projection plane Q1, the distance from the highest point of the chip-rolling table to the elevation reference plane is H. 13 And H 11 ≥0.04mm, 0mm≤H 12 ≤0.04mm, 0.08mm≤H 13≤0.25mm, H 12 +H 13 ≤H 11 +0.05mm.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: on the projection plane Q2, the distance between the highest elevation point of the second peak and the lowest elevation point of the fourth trough is H. 23 And H 21 ≥0.06mm, 0.05mm≤H 22 ≤0.12mm, H 23 ≥0.03mm, and H 21 ≥H 23 .

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: on the projection plane Q1, a plane passing through the pointed arc and perpendicular to both the projection plane Q1 and the elevation reference plane is used as a vertical reference plane, and the distance between the distal end of the pointed blade and the vertical reference plane is W. 11 The distance between the lowest point of the first trough and the vertical reference plane is W. 12 The distance between the lowest point of the second trough and the vertical reference plane is W. 13 And W 11 ≤0.1mm, W 12 ≤0.3mm, 0.4mm≤W 13 ≤0.6mm, 0.3≤W 12 / W 13 ≤0.6.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: two first grooves are formed in the chip breaking groove at the tip, the closest distance K1 between the first groove and the vertical reference plane is 0.2mm-0.3mm, and the top width B1 of the first groove is 0.15mm-0.2mm.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: on the projection plane Q2, a plane passing through the cutting edge and perpendicular to both the projection plane Q2 and the elevation reference plane is used as a vertical reference plane, and the distance between the distal end of the cutting edge and the vertical reference plane is W. 21 The distance between the lowest point of the third trough and the vertical reference plane is W. 22 The distance between the lowest point of the fourth trough and the vertical reference plane is W. 23 And W 21 ≥0.1mm, 0.3mm≤W 22 ≤0.4mm, 0.6mm≤W 23 ≤1.3mm, 0.25≤W 22 / W 23 ≤0.5.

[0016] As a further aspect of the invention: in the direction away from the blade tip, W 21 W 22 and W 23 The chip-breaking groove gradually increases in size, and a second groove and a third groove are formed along the length direction of the cutting edge; the closest distance K2 between the second groove and the vertical reference plane is 0.2mm-0.35mm, and the top width B2 of the second groove is 0.2mm-0.35mm; the closest distance K3 between the third groove and the vertical reference plane is 0.35mm-0.5mm, and the top width B3 of the third groove is 0.25mm-0.35mm.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The tool tip area utilizes the first peak, first trough and second trough to form multiple curling and impact paths, enabling the thin and tough chips formed under small cutting depth and small feed conditions in finishing to undergo multiple bending deformations and impacts, improving chip breaking performance under small parameter conditions and reducing the generation of continuous long chips.

[0018] Meanwhile, the main cutting edge area utilizes the second peak, third trough and fourth trough to form a gradually changing chip space. While ensuring that the chips are blocked by the second peak and curled and broken, the chips can gradually unfold and be accommodated in the direction away from the cutting edge, avoiding excessive curling of thicker chips in the narrow groove and continuous impact on the flank face, thereby reducing flank face wear. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this drawing or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this drawing. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the turning tool of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged view of the turning tool of the present invention; Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view taken from the projection plane Q1; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view taken from the projection plane Q2.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Tool tip; 11. Tip flank face; 12. Tip arc; 13. Tip cutting edge; 14. Tip chip breaker groove; 141. First peak; 142. First trough; 143. Second trough; 15. Chip folding platform; 2. Main cutting edge; 21. Cutting edge flank face; 22. Cutting edge; 23. Cutting edge; 24. Cutting edge chip breaker groove; 241. Second peak; 242. Third trough; 243. Fourth trough; 3. Positioning hole; 41. First groove; 42. Second groove; 43. Third groove. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can apply this application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, any changes to design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of the content of this application.

[0024] However, there may be instances where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters or repetitive descriptions of essentially the same structures may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessarily lengthy descriptions and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand this application and are not intended to limit the subject matter of the claims.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-4As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a turning insert for finishing or semi-finishing stainless steel includes a tool tip 1 and a main cutting edge 2. The tool tip 1 includes a tip flank face 11, a tip arc 12, a tip cutting edge 13, a tip chip breaker groove 14, and a chip folding platform 15. The tip chip breaker groove 14 forms a first peak 141, a first trough 142 is formed on the side of the first peak 141 near the tip cutting edge 13, and a second trough 143 is formed on the side of the first peak 141 away from the tip cutting edge 13. The main cutting edge 2 includes a cutting edge face 21, a cutting edge 22, a cutting edge band 23, and a cutting edge chip breaker groove 24. The cutting edge chip breaker groove 24 forms a second peak 241 that connects with the first peak 141. A third valley 242 that connects with the first valley 142 is formed on the side of the second peak 241 that is close to the cutting edge band 23. A fourth valley 243 that connects with the second valley 143 is formed on the side of the second peak 241 that is far away from the cutting edge band 23.

[0026] By connecting the first peak 141 with the second peak 241, the first trough 142 with the third trough 242, and the second trough 143 with the fourth trough 243, a continuous wave transition is achieved between the chip-breaking structure of the tool tip 1 region and the main cutting edge 2 region. This structure does not employ identical chip-breaking grooves across the entire cutting edge; instead, it creates differentiated chip control paths for different cutting conditions corresponding to the tool tip 1 and the main cutting edge 2.

[0027] In the tip region 1, the first peak 141 is located between the first trough 142 and the second trough 143, effectively creating an intermediate blocking structure after the chip enters the chip breaker groove 14 from the tip cutting edge 13. During finishing, due to the small depth of cut and feed rate, the resulting chips are typically thin, narrow, and highly resilient. Pushed by the cutting edge, the chips easily slide continuously along the rake face rather than breaking on their own. At this point, after entering the first trough 142, the chip undergoes its first significant bending under the blocking effect of the first peak 141. After crossing the first peak 141, the chip continues to move towards the second trough 143, undergoing further bending, thus forming a multiple curling process. Simultaneously, the curled chip collides with the raised structures such as the first peak 141, causing significant local plastic deformation and stress concentration in the chip, thereby increasing the probability of the thin chip reaching the fracture condition.

[0028] Furthermore, after passing through the wavy chip-breaking structure at the blade tip 1, the chip is further constrained by the chip-coiling table 15. The chip-coiling table 15 acts as a secondary barrier at the rear end of the wavy chip-coiling path, causing the chip, which has already undergone multiple bends, to further change its direction of movement and reduce its degree of curling. Therefore, the blade tip 1 region can create a continuous process of influence on the chip morphology, making it easier for the thin and tough chips produced by stainless steel finishing to form shorter chip breaks.

[0029] In the main cutting edge 2 region, the second peak 241, the third trough 242, and the fourth trough 243 form a continuous wave structure. During semi-finishing, as the depth of cut and feed rate increase, the chip thickness and chip volume increase significantly. If the relatively compact chip-breaking structure in the tool tip 1 region is still used, thick chips are prone to excessive curling near the cutting edge, and may even repeatedly impact the flank face 21. Therefore, the main cutting edge 2 region extends from the third trough 242 to the fourth trough 243, gradually expanding the effective chip-holding area of ​​the chip breaker groove. After passing the second peak 241, the chip can still curl sufficiently to achieve chip breaking, but after completing the main chip-breaking action, it can further enter the space corresponding to the fourth trough 243, thereby reducing the friction and impact of excessive chip curling on the flank face.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, a single cutting unit of the turning insert of the present invention includes a tool tip 1 located in the middle and main cutting edges 2 located on both sides of the tool tip 1, and the structure of the single cutting unit is arranged symmetrically about the axis of symmetry passing through the endpoint of the tool tip 1.

[0031] It should be noted that the tip arc 12 of the present invention is arc-shaped, and the vertex of the tip arc 12 referred to in the present invention is the intersection point through which the axis of symmetry of the tip arc 12 on the blade tip 1 passes.

[0032] In some embodiments, the cross section of the cutting tip 1 intercepted by the axial plane of the tip arc 12 is taken as the projection plane Q1, and the angle α1 between the projection line of the tip flank 11 and the projection line of the tip cutting edge 13 at the solid portion of the tip arc 12 is 75°-90°. The cross section of the main cutting edge 2 intercepted by a plane perpendicular to the cutting edge flank 21 is taken as the projection plane Q2, and the angle α2 between the projection line of the cutting edge flank 21 and the projection line of the cutting edge 23 at the solid portion of the cutting edge 22 is 80°-90°, and α1 < α2.

[0033] The angle α1 in the tip region is 75°–90°. This relatively small angle allows the tip flank 11, the tip arc 12, and the tip cutting edge 13 to form a relatively sharp cutting geometry. In the finishing state, the depth of cut and feed rate are both small, requiring the cutting edge to have good penetration capability. If the cutting edge is too blunt, it is easy for the cutting edge to compress the stainless steel material rather than effectively cut it, leading to increased cutting force and exacerbating friction and adhesion between the stainless steel material and the insert. Therefore, a smaller α1 allows the tip 1 to maintain good cutting sharpness, enabling the thin chips formed to smoothly enter the chip breaker groove 14 and undergo multiple curling and impacts from the first peak 141, the first trough 142, and subsequent structures.

[0034] The angle α2 in the main cutting edge 2 region is 80°–90°, and since α2 is greater than α1, the cutting edge 22 has relatively greater solid support. In the semi-finishing state, the increased depth of cut and feed rate significantly increase the radial force, tangential force, and chip impact on the main cutting edge 2. By increasing α2, a more substantial tool body can be formed behind the cutting edge, thereby reducing local stress concentration on the cutting edge and decreasing the risk of plastic deformation and chipping.

[0035] Furthermore, α1 < α2 is not set in isolation, but works in conjunction with the differentiated waveform chip breaker groove. The cutting tip 1 uses sharp cutting combined with multiple curling to enhance chip breaking, while the main cutting edge 2 uses strong edge support to gradually expand the chip space, enabling the insert to adapt to finishing and semi-finishing states respectively, and strengthening the insert strength.

[0036] In a further embodiment, the included angle α1 to included angle α2 gradually increases from 78° to 86° in the direction from the tip arc 12 to the cutting edge 22. The smaller included angle near the tool tip 1 maintains high cutting sharpness, allowing the finishing thin chips to smoothly enter the wavy chip breaker groove of the tool tip 1 and complete multiple curling and collisions within a short distance. As the cutting position gradually moves away from the tool tip 1, the included angle gradually increases, and the solid support capacity of the cutting edge is enhanced accordingly.

[0037] This change also coordinates with the variation in the chip-holding capacity of the wave-shaped chip breaker groove on the main cutting edge 2. The closer to the main cutting edge 2, the greater the chip thickness and cutting load, thus requiring not only a larger chip-holding space but also higher cutting edge strength. Gradually increasing α from 78° to 86° allows for a simultaneous increase in tool body strength.

[0038] At the same time, adopting a gradual rather than abrupt approach can reduce the stiffness difference between different cutting edge sections, reduce stress concentration caused by sudden structural changes during cutting, and allow the cutting force to be transmitted to the insert body more smoothly.

[0039] The turning insert also includes a positioning hole 3. The radial plane of the positioning hole 3 passing through the vertex of the tip arc 12 is used as the elevation reference plane. The section of the tool tip 1 cut by the axial plane of the tip arc 12 is used as the projection plane Q1. The section of the main cutting edge 2 cut by the plane perpendicular to the back face 21 of the cutting edge is used as the projection plane Q2.

[0040] First, it should be noted that the tip arc 12, the chip breaking groove 14, and the main cutting edge 2 of the insert are all three-dimensional curved surface structures. If the bottom of the groove or the cutting edge of each part is used as a reference directly, it is difficult to accurately compare the height relationship of different positions.

[0041] Using the radial plane passing through the apex of the tip arc 12 of the positioning hole 3 as the elevation reference plane is equivalent to establishing a fixed reference plane that runs through the center positioning structure of the cutting tool and the position of the cutting tool tip 1. Thus, H 11 H 12 H 21 H 22 All parameters are measured relative to the same reference, which can accurately describe the elevation changes of different troughs relative to the reference position of the tool tip 1.

[0042] Furthermore, the positioning hole 3 is typically used for positioning and fixing the insert to the tool holder or tool base. Therefore, the positioning hole 3 is a relatively stable geometric reference in the insert assembly state. After establishing a spatial correspondence between the positioning hole 3 and the vertex of the tip arc 12, the elevation reference plane can actually reflect the position of the tool tip 1 relative to the insert mounting reference in the insert assembly state. Setting a series of parameters in this way not only describes the local geometric dimensions of the machined insert, but also allows for the determination of the height variation of the chip breaker groove based on the overall insert installation and cutting posture.

[0043] On projection plane Q1, the distance from the lowest point of the first trough 142 to the elevation datum is H. 11 The distance from the lowest point of the second trough (elevation 143) to the elevation datum is H. 12 And H 11 ≥H 12 On projection plane Q2, the distance from the lowest point of the third trough 242 to the elevation datum is H. 21 The distance from the fourth trough 243 to the elevation datum is H. 22 And H 21 ≥H 22 .

[0044] In the blade tip area 1, the first trough 142 is close to the tip cutting edge 13, and the second trough 143 is far from the tip cutting edge 13. H 11 ≥H 12 After the chip enters the chip-breaking groove 14 from the near-edge side, it undergoes a significant elevation change. The chip first bends in the first trough 142, then is blocked and squeezed by the first peak 141, and then enters the second trough 143, completing the second stage of curling.

[0045] Because stainless steel finishing chips have high toughness, these multiple uneven elevation changes can increase the number of bends and the degree of plastic deformation of the chips. After repeated compression and collisions, the local stress concentration of the chips increases, making it easier for the chips to change from a continuous tough state to a state prone to fracture.

[0046] In the region of the main cutting edge 2, H 21 ≥H 22This creates a gradually changing space from the third trough 242 to the fourth trough 243. The semi-finished chip has already curled to some extent after passing the second peak 241. As the chip continues to move towards the fourth trough 243, the curling can be released using a larger subsequent space. This ensures that the second peak 241 has sufficient chip-breaking effect while preventing thick chips from being excessively constrained for a long time, thus avoiding the formation of an excessively small curl radius.

[0047] In some embodiments, on the projection plane Q1, the distance from the highest point of the chip-rolling table 15 to the elevation reference plane is H. 13 And H 11 ≥0.04mm, 0mm≤H 12 ≤0.04mm, 0.08mm≤H 13 ≤0.25mm, H 12 +H 13 ≤H 11 +0.05mm.

[0048] H 11 A depth of ≥0.04mm ensures that the first trough 142 has a sufficiently significant elevation change, allowing the chip to be effectively compressed and guided after entering the wavy groove at the tip 1. For chips with a relatively small thickness, this elevation change can induce the chip to bend significantly for the first time.

[0049] H12 is controlled between 0mm and 0.04mm to prevent the second trough 143 from being too deep. This ensures that the chip remains somewhat constrained after passing the first peak 141, rather than directly entering an excessively large free space. This maintains the continuous squeezing and collision effect of the wave groove on the chip.

[0050] H of the chip tray 15 13 If the chip diameter is 0.08mm-0.25mm, a further protrusion is formed after the chip breaking groove 14 at the tip of the wave. After being subjected to multiple actions by the first trough 142, the first peak 141, and the second trough 143, the chip continues to move towards the chip curling table 15, where it will be blocked and squeezed again, further reducing the cutting curling radius. This can further bend the chip that has already developed a certain degree of brittleness and cracking tendency, and promote the formation of shorter chip breaks.

[0051] H 12 +H 13 ≤H 11 +0.05 mm is used to limit the overall elevation relationship between the second trough 143 and the chip breaker 15, preventing the chip breaker 15 from protruding excessively relative to the trough, which would cause the chips to be subjected to excessive compression and lead to an abnormal increase in cutting force. This achieves a balance between enhancing the curling and impact of thin chips and avoiding excessive aggression of the chip breaker groove.

[0052] In some embodiments, the distance between the highest elevation point of the second peak 241 and the lowest elevation point of the fourth trough 243 on the projection plane Q2 is H. 23 And H 21 ≥0.06mm, 0.05mm≤H 22 ≤0.12mm, H 23 ≥0.03mm, and H 21 ≥H 23 .

[0053] H 21 The elevation change is ≥0.06 mm, ensuring sufficient elevation variation in the third trough 242 to initially constrain the thick chips entering the chip breaker groove of the main cutting edge 2. The chips bend under the obstruction of the second peak 241, completing the necessary chip breaking deformation.

[0054] H 23 The ≥0.03 mm ensures that there is still a sufficient elevation difference between the second peak 241 and the fourth trough 243. Therefore, even if the chip space is increased in the main cutting edge 2 area, the chips can still be effectively curled and will not directly form long chips due to the groove being too flat.

[0055] Meanwhile, H 22 The thickness is 0.05mm-0.12mm, providing adequate space for the fourth trough 243. After passing the second peak 241, the curl radius of the thick chip is not compressed indefinitely, but can be released towards the fourth trough 243. Therefore, this structure allows the semi-finishing chip to gradually expand its movement space after completing the necessary chip breaking, reducing the risk of the chip excessively curling and impacting the cutting edge flank 21.

[0056] In some embodiments, on the projection plane Q1, a plane passing through the pointed arc 12 and perpendicular to both the projection plane Q1 and the elevation reference plane is used as a vertical reference plane, and the distance between the distal end of the pointed blade 13 and the vertical reference plane is W. 11 The distance between the lowest point of the first trough (elevation 142) and the vertical reference plane is W. 12 The distance between the lowest point of the second trough (elevation 143) and the vertical reference plane is W. 13 And W 11 ≤0.1mm, W 12 ≤0.3mm, 0.4mm≤W 13 ≤0.6mm, 0.3≤W 12 / W 13 ≤0.6.

[0057] W 11The ≤0.1mm makes the tip cutting edge 13 narrower, allowing the insert to cut into the workpiece with a smaller contact area during finishing, reducing friction and compression, and reducing the possibility of stainless steel material adhering to the rake face.

[0058] W 12 ≤0.3mm, so that the first trough 142 is close to the cutting edge 22. After the chip is generated, it can quickly enter the wavy chip groove and be squeezed and bent for the first time, instead of sliding a long distance along the tip of the cutting edge 13 rake face.

[0059] W 13 The diameter is 0.4mm-0.6mm, which further moves the second trough 143 away from the cutting edge, providing a second-stage curling path for the chip. After the chip enters the first peak 141 from the first trough 142, it undergoes its first obvious bend. After crossing the first peak 141, it enters the second trough 143 and undergoes further bends, allowing the chip to complete multiple deformations within a short distance.

[0060] Most importantly, W 12 / W 13 The distance should be controlled between 0.3 and 0.6 to maintain a reasonable distance between the two troughs. This avoids the troughs being too close, causing the chips to be blocked by the next structure before they can curl fully, and also avoids the troughs being too far apart, causing the chips to lose continuous constraint.

[0061] Specifically, W 12 / W 13 It is used to control the length of the action path and the intensity of the waveform when the chip passes through the chip breaking groove 14 at the tip.

[0062] When W 12 / W 13 If the chip size is too small, it means that the first trough 142 is positioned too far back relative to the second trough 143, or the relative interval between the two troughs is too large. The chip needs to travel a longer wave path to achieve sufficient curling and breakage. For thin, tough chips in stainless steel finishing, the probability of the chip remaining continuous along a longer path increases, and the chip's sliding distance within the groove increases. This disperses the effective control effect of structures such as the first peak 141 on the chip, potentially resulting in the chip having traveled a considerable distance but still not reaching the breakage condition, thus reducing chip breaking efficiency.

[0063] Conversely, when W 12 / W 13When the diameter is too large, the relative positions between the first trough 142 and the second trough 143 are too close, and the effective working area of ​​the chip breaker groove 14 is too concentrated. In this case, after the chip enters from the tip cutting edge 13, it may not be able to fully enter the first trough 142 to form a stable curl, but instead directly crosses the first wave structure under the action of cutting speed and the chip's own inertia. Once the chip drifts past the first peak 141 or does not fully adhere to the first trough 142, the chip breaker groove 14 will find it difficult to effectively squeeze and collide with the chip, and the multiple curling effect cannot be fully utilized, leading to local failure of the wave-shaped chip breaker groove.

[0064] Therefore, this limited range ensures that the first trough 142 has sufficient near-edge capture capability, enabling the chip to stably enter the wave groove and receive the continuous action of the crest and trough; on the other hand, it avoids the action path between the first trough 142 and the second trough 143 being too long, so that the chip can complete multiple compressions, bending and collisions within a shorter distance, thereby improving the fracture tendency in a timely manner.

[0065] Although the depth of cut and feed rate are relatively small in stainless steel finishing, the thinness and high toughness of the chips cause them to adhere continuously to the tool tip area and slide along the rake face, resulting in a prolonged contact time between the tool and the chips. Simultaneously, stainless steel has low thermal conductivity, making it difficult for the heat generated during cutting to dissipate quickly through the chips and workpiece. Therefore, heat tends to concentrate in the rake face area near the tool tip, causing a sustained increase in the local temperature of the tool tip. When the high temperature, combined with the pressure and friction between the tool and the chips, causes the material on the rake face of the insert to be gradually carried away by the chips, resulting in crater wear.

[0066] Therefore, further, two first grooves 41 are formed in the chip breaking groove 14, the closest distance K1 between the first groove 41 and the vertical reference plane is 0.2mm-0.3mm, and the top width B1 of the first groove 41 is 0.15mm-0.2mm.

[0067] After the two first grooves 41 are set, the originally continuous chip breaker groove 14 is divided into a locally recessed structure. On the one hand, the first grooves 41 can reduce the actual continuous contact area between the chip and the chip breaker groove, changing the continuous contact between the chip and the blade from a large area to a local area contact, thereby reducing friction and heat generation at the chip-blade interface; on the other hand, the first grooves 41 themselves increase the effective surface area of ​​the blade tip 1 area, allowing heat to diffuse to the surrounding area through a larger blade surface, thereby reducing the degree of local heat concentration.

[0068] Furthermore, the first groove 41 does not negate the control effect of the chip-breaking groove 14 on the chips. The chips still need to pass through the first trough 142, the first peak 141, and the second trough 143 to form multiple curls and collisions. The first groove 41 is located inside this wave-shaped chip-breaking structure, which locally breaks the contact state between the blade and the chips. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the enhanced chip-breaking ability in the blade tip 1 area while reducing the heat accumulation caused by prolonged contact between the blade and the chips.

[0069] K1 is 0.2mm-0.3mm, which positions the first groove 41 at an effective heat load location in the tip 1 region. This allows it to function effectively close to the main chip contact area without being too close to the tip cutting edge 13, thus weakening the edge's structural strength. B1 is 0.15mm-0.2mm, which gives the first groove 41 an appropriate opening width. This forms an effective heat dissipation surface while preventing the first groove 41 from being too wide, which would disrupt the structural continuity of the chip breaker groove 14.

[0070] In some embodiments, on the projection plane Q2, a plane passing through the cutting edge 22 and perpendicular to both the projection plane Q2 and the elevation reference plane is used as a vertical reference plane, and the distance between the distal end of the cutting edge 23 and the vertical reference plane is W. 21 The distance between the lowest point of the third trough 242 elevation and the vertical reference plane is W. 22 The distance between the lowest point of the fourth trough 243 elevation and the vertical reference plane is W. 23 And W 21 ≥0.1mm, 0.3mm≤W 22 ≤0.4mm, 0.6mm≤W 23 ≤1.3mm, 0.25≤W 22 / W 23 ≤0.5.

[0071] Similarly, W 21 ≥0.1mm, ensuring the cutting edge band 23 maintains a certain width. When semi-finishing uses a larger depth of cut and feed rate, the cutting load increases significantly. A wider cutting edge band 23 can provide more adequate support for the cutting edge, reducing the impact on the cutting edge when thick chips enter the chip breaker groove 24.

[0072] W 22 The depth of cut is set to 0.3mm-0.4mm, ensuring that the third trough 242 is positioned appropriately within the cutting edge 22. After the chip detaches from the cutting edge band 23, it quickly enters the third trough 242 and is blocked by the second peak 241, causing initial curling and bending of the chip. This ensures that thick chips generated during semi-finishing do not directly cross the wavy chip-breaking structure but are instead effectively controlled by the chip-breaking groove.

[0073] W 23The diameter is 0.6mm-1.3mm, which allows the fourth trough 243 to have a larger subsequent action space compared to the third trough 242. After passing through the third trough 242 and the second peak 241, the chip continues to move towards the fourth trough 243. During this process, it is subjected to continuous bending, compression and collision, which causes the chip to undergo the necessary plastic deformation and form a fracture tendency, while ensuring that the cutting does not curl excessively and cause contact with the flank face.

[0074] Among them, W 22 / W 23 A value of 0.25 to 0.5 is the key parameter for controlling the above-mentioned process. When W 22 / W 23 If it is too small, it means W 22 With W 23 The relative proportion between the two is too large, meaning the effective distance relationship between the third trough 242 and the fourth trough 243 in the chip flow direction is unreasonable, resulting in an excessively long action path for the chip breaking structure. In this case, thicker stainless steel chips need to travel a longer path to achieve sufficient curling and breakage. The chips tend to maintain continuous movement within the chip breaking groove, and may even continue flowing backward along the groove surface before effective breakage occurs. This disperses the blocking and squeezing effect of the second peak 241 on the chips, ultimately leading to difficulties in chip breaking.

[0075] Meanwhile, the thick chips continuously contact the blade surface over a long path, which increases chip friction and heat accumulation, making it unfavorable for the main cutting edge 2 to resist crater wear in the semi-finishing state.

[0076] When W 22 / W 23 When the value is too large, it means that the third trough 242 is too close to the fourth trough 243, and the chip may not have enough free movement space after passing through the third trough 242. For thick chips produced by semi-finishing, the chips have greater rigidity and inertia. In this case, they may not be able to fully conform to the second peak 241 and the fourth trough 243 to form a stable curling path. Instead, they may cross or drift over part of the waveform structure. The waveform chip breaking groove is difficult to make the thick chip produce sufficient plastic deformation, which may result in long continuous chips.

[0077] Therefore, W 22 / W 23 By controlling the value between 0.25 and 0.5, a reasonable spatial relationship can be formed between the third trough 242 and the fourth trough 243. This ensures that the thick chip can enter the third trough 242 and be effectively blocked, squeezed, and collided with the second peak 241, while avoiding the chip breaking action path being too long, which would cause the chip to break in a long time, or the action space being too compact, which would cause the chip to cross the waveform structure.

[0078] Furthermore, in the direction away from the tip of the blade 1, W21 W 22 and W 23 The chip breaker groove 24 gradually increases in size, and along its length, it forms a second groove 42 and a third groove 43. The closest distance K2 between the second groove 42 and the vertical reference plane is 0.2mm-0.35mm, and the top width B2 of the second groove 42 is 0.2mm-0.35mm. The closest distance K3 between the third groove 43 and the vertical reference plane is 0.35mm-0.5mm, and the top width B3 of the third groove 43 is 0.25mm-0.35mm.

[0079] As the cutting position moves further away from the tool tip 1, the cutting area borne by the main cutting edge 2 gradually expands, and the chip size and cutting heat load may also increase accordingly. If the entire chip breaker groove 24 of the cutting edge adopts a continuous and smooth groove surface, thick chips will move against the rake face for a long time, resulting in a large tool-chip contact area and continuous frictional heat generation. However, the poor thermal conductivity of stainless steel makes it difficult for this heat to dissipate in time, which can easily lead to obvious crescent-shaped wear on the rake face of the main cutting edge 2.

[0080] The second groove 42 firstly breaks the continuous chip-breaking groove surface of the cutting edge. K2 is 0.2mm-0.35mm, so that the second groove 42 is close to the main contact area of ​​the chip, which can effectively reduce the continuous contact area between the chip and the rake face. B2 is 0.2mm-0.35mm, so that the groove has an appropriate width, which increases the effective heat dissipation surface area of ​​the area while forming a local non-contact area.

[0081] It should be noted that the distance between the distal end of the cutting edge 23 and the vertical reference plane is W. 21 And W 21 ≥0.1mm. The selection distance K2 and the selection size B2 of the second groove 42 need to take W into account. 21 The parameters are set to prevent the second groove 42 area from extending into the blade edge 23 range.

[0082] It should be further noted that the second groove 42 is not a strictly circular groove, but may be an elliptical groove, with a smaller elliptical diameter in the direction perpendicular to the vertical reference plane and a larger elliptical diameter in the direction parallel to the vertical reference plane.

[0083] The third groove 43 is further positioned away from the cutting edge, having a larger positional distance and top width compared to the second groove 42. In this way, the second groove 42 and the third groove 43 can form multiple heat regulation zones along the chip flow path, preventing the chip-tool contact interface from being a continuous, large-area contact, but rather forming multiple intermittent, localized contact areas.

[0084] Therefore, the first benefit is reducing the contact area between the cutting tool and the chips. When the chips pass through the second groove 42 and the third groove 43, the grooves create local cavities, preventing the chips from completely adhering to the bottom surface of the chip-breaking groove 24 on the cutting edge. This reduces the actual contact area, thereby decreasing the friction between the chips and the amount of frictional heat generated. At the same time, the local contact pressure is also dispersed, which helps reduce local wear on the rake face.

[0085] The second aspect is increasing the heat dissipation area. The groove design allows the surface of the chip breaker groove 24 on the cutting edge to have more effective surface exposed to air or cooling medium, increasing the heat dissipation area of ​​the rake face region. The heat generated in the chip contact area can diffuse through the insert body to the area around the groove, and further dissipate heat through the groove surface, thereby reducing the local temperature of the rake face of the main cutting edge 2.

[0086] In addition, W 21 W 22 W 23 As the cutting edge gradually increases in the direction away from the tip 1, the main cutting edge 2 region forms a gradually expanding spatial structure, which is consistent with the increasing trend of the parameters of the second groove 42 and the third groove 43.

[0087] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A turning tool for finishing to semi-finishing stainless steel, characterized in that, include: The cutting tip (1) includes a tip back face (11), a tip arc (12), a tip cutting edge (13), a tip chip breaker (14), and a chip folding platform (15). The tip chip breaker (14) has a first peak (141), a first trough (142) is formed on the side of the first peak (141) near the tip cutting edge (13), and a second trough (143) is formed on the side of the first peak (141) away from the tip cutting edge (13). The main cutting edge (2) includes a cutting edge face (21), a cutting edge (22), a cutting edge band (23), and a cutting edge chip breaker groove (24). The cutting edge chip breaker groove (24) forms a second peak (241) that connects with the first peak (141). A third valley (242) that connects with the first valley (142) is formed on the side of the second peak (241) that is close to the cutting edge band (23). A fourth valley (243) that connects with the second valley (143) is formed on the side of the second peak (241) that is far away from the cutting edge band (23).

2. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The section cut by the tip (1) by the axial plane of the tip arc (12) is taken as the projection plane Q1. The angle α1 between the projection line of the tip back face (11) and the projection line of the tip cutting edge (13) at the solid part of the tip arc (12) is 75°-90°. The cross section of the main cutting edge (2) cut by a plane perpendicular to the back face (21) of the cutting edge is taken as the projection plane Q2. The angle α2 between the projection line of the back face (21) of the cutting edge and the projection line of the cutting edge (23) at the solid part of the cutting edge (22) is 80°-90°, and α1 < α2.

3. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 2, characterized in that, From the tip arc (12) to the cutting edge (22), the included angle α1 to the included angle α2 gradually increases from 78° to 86°.

4. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a positioning hole (3), with the radial plane of the positioning hole (3) passing through the vertex of the tip arc (12) as the elevation reference plane, the section of the tool tip (1) cut by the axial plane of the tip arc (12) as the projection plane Q1, and the section of the main cutting edge (2) cut by the plane perpendicular to the back face (21) of the cutting edge as the projection plane Q2. On projection plane Q1, the distance from the lowest point of the first trough (142) to the elevation datum is H. 11 The distance from the lowest point of the second trough (143) to the elevation datum is H. 12 And H 11 ≥H 12 ; On projection plane Q2, the distance from the lowest point of the third trough (242) to the elevation datum is H. 21 The distance from the fourth trough (243) to the elevation datum is H. 22 And H 21 ≥H 22 .

5. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 4, characterized in that, On projection plane Q1, the distance from the highest point of the chip-rolling platform (15) to the elevation datum is H. 13 And H 11 ≥0.04mm, 0mm≤H 12 ≤0.04mm, 0.08mm≤H 13 ≤0.25mm, H 12 +H 13 ≤H 11 +0.05mm.

6. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 4, characterized in that, On projection plane Q2, the distance between the highest elevation point of the second peak (241) and the lowest elevation point of the fourth trough (243) is H. 23 And H 21 ≥0.06mm, 0.05mm≤H 22 ≤0.12mm, H 23 ≥0.03mm, and H 21 ≥H 23 .

7. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 4, characterized in that, On projection plane Q1, a plane passing through the pointed arc (12) and perpendicular to both projection plane Q1 and elevation reference plane is taken as the vertical reference plane. The distance between the far end of the pointed blade (13) and the vertical reference plane is W. 11 The distance between the lowest elevation point of the first trough (142) and the vertical reference plane is W. 12 The distance between the lowest elevation point of the second trough (143) and the vertical reference plane is W. 13 And W 11 ≤0.1mm, W 12 ≤0.3mm, 0.4mm≤W 13 ≤0.6mm, 0.3≤W 12 / W 13 ≤0.

6.

8. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 7, characterized in that, Two first grooves (41) are formed in the chip breaking groove (14). The closest distance K1 between the first groove (41) and the vertical reference plane is 0.2mm-0.3mm, and the top width B1 of the first groove (41) is 0.15mm-0.2mm.

9. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 4, characterized in that, On projection plane Q2, a plane passing through the cutting edge (22) and perpendicular to both projection plane Q2 and elevation reference plane is taken as the vertical reference plane. The distance between the far end of the cutting edge (23) and the vertical reference plane is W. 21 The distance between the lowest elevation point of the third trough (242) and the vertical reference plane is W. 22 The distance between the lowest elevation point of the fourth trough (243) and the vertical reference plane is W. 23 And W 21 ≥0.1mm, 0.3mm≤W 22 ≤0.4mm, 0.6mm≤W 23 ≤1.3mm, 0.25≤W 22 / W 23 ≤0.

5.

10. A turning tool for finishing and semi-finishing stainless steel according to claim 9, characterized in that, Moving away from the tip of the blade (1), W 21 W 22 and W 23 As the chip breaking groove (24) gradually increases in size, a second groove (42) and a third groove (43) are formed along the length direction. The closest distance K2 between the second groove (42) and the vertical reference plane is 0.2mm-0.35mm, and the top width B2 of the second groove (42) is 0.2mm-0.35mm. The closest distance K3 between the third groove (43) and the vertical reference plane is 0.35mm-0.5mm, and the top width B3 of the third groove (43) is 0.25mm-0.35mm.

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